CONNECTORS AND DISCOURSE MARKERS

1. Expressing purpose

 SO THAT is usually followed by can, could, will or would.

 IN ORDER TO
e.g. Scientists used only local materials, in order to save money.

2. Expressing contrast

2.1 ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH/ WHILE/ WHEREAS

 Although I asked her, she didn’t come.

 While United were fat and accurate, City were slow and careless.
(WHILE and WHEREAS contrast opposite ideas).

2.2 HOWEVER / NEVERTHELESS

 It’s cheap. However, I don’t like it.
(HOWEVER can go at the beginning or end of the sentence).

2.3 DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF

(are followed by NOUNS or GERUNDS)
 Despite losing, we celebrated.
 In spite of the rain, we went out.

2.4 ON THE OTHER HAND/ IN CONTRAST/ ON THE CONTRARY

3. Expressing reason

3.1 AS/ SINCE/ FOR

 As/ Since it was late, we decided to go home.
(AS/ SINCE have the meaning of BECAUSE and can begin a sentence).
 Peter has given up sailing, for he doesn’t have the time.
(For has the same meaning but cannot begin a sentence).

3.2 ON ACCOUNT OF/ DUE TO (have the meaning of BECAUSE OF)

 Everyone was depressed on account of the bad weather.
4. Expressing sequence
 to begin with/ first (of all)..., secondly..., next..., then..., finally/ lastly/ last of all...
 Introducing additional points: furthermore..., moreover..., in addition to this...,
besides this..., as well as this...
.
5. Giving opinions
 Personally..., in my opinion/ view...

6. Giving examples
 FOR EXAMPLE/ FOR INSTANCE/ SUCH AS

7. Showing result
 Consequently..., as a result..., therefore..., thus...

8. Showing your attitude

 I think..., I suppose..., I guess..., I mean..., it’s quite obvious that...

9. Clarifying a point
 in other words..., that is..., that is to say..., namely...

10. Summing up
 In conclusion..., to sum up..., in brief..., all in all..., to summarise...