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Sociology 14th Edition Macionis Test Bank instant download all chapter
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Macionis, Sociology, 14/e
In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect the changes in
Sociology, 14th edition. There is also a new system for identifying the difficulty of the questions.
In earlier editions, the questions were tagged in one of three ways: factual (rote memorization),
conceptual (dealing with key concepts), and applied (application of sociological knowledge to a
situation). In this revision, the questions are now tagged according to the six levels of learning
that help organize the text. Think of these six levels as moving from lower-level to higher-level
cognitive reasoning. The six levels are:
The 114 questions in this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types of questions.
True/False questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, all of these questions
fall within the two lowest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Remember” and “Understand”).
Multiple-choice questions also fall within the three lowest levels of cognitive reasoning (adding
some “Apply” questions). Short answer questions span a broader range of skills (from
“Understand” to “Evaluate”). Finally, essay questions are the most demanding, falling within
the four highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply,” “Analyze,” “Evaluate,” and “Create”).
Types of Questions
Easy to Difficult Level of Difficulty
True/False Mult Choice Short Answer Essay Total Qs
Remember 32 (84%) 30 (64%) 0 0 62
Understand 6 (16%) 21 (11%) 4 (40%) 0 31
Apply 0 7 (15%) 2 (20%) 2 (25%) 11
Analyze 0 0 2 (20%) 2 (25%) 4
Evaluate 0 0 2 (20%) 2 (25%) 4
Create 0 0 0 2 (25%) 2
38 58 10 8 114
1. There are few areas of life in which sexuality does not play some part.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 169)
2. U.S. culture discouraged open discussion of sexuality, so researchers did not begin to
study sexuality until the middle of the twentieth century.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 169)
3. Standards of human beauty are the same for people everywhere in the world.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 169)
4. Sociobiologists point out that, in every society throughout the world, people are attracted
to youthfulness.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 169)
5. Sociologists point out that human sexual behavior is very similar across all cultures.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: F; pages 170-171)
6. Every state in the United States permits lawful marriage between a woman and a man
who are first cousins.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 171)
7. People in all cultures respond to intersexual people with confusion or even disgust.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 170)
9. Although there is a human “sex drive,” our biology does not dictate any specific ways of
being sexual.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 170)
10. No sexual practice—not even the incest taboo—is found everywhere in the world.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 171)
11. Historically, public attitudes towards sexuality in the United States have been an
inconsistent mix of cultural repression and support for individual choice.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 172)
12. During the twentieth century, U.S. society experienced profound changes in sexual
attitudes and practices.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: T; pages 172-173)
13. The publication of Alfred Kinsey’s first book in 1948 received considerable attention
because scientists were actually studying sex.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 172)
14. The baby boom generation—people born between 1946 and 1964—became the first
cohort in U.S. history to grow up with the idea that sex was part of everyone’s life,
married or not.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 173)
15. While the sexual revolution increased sexual activity overall, it changed behavior among
men more than among women.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 173)
16. The sexual counterrevolution did little to change the fact that most sexually-active people
in the United States had a high number of sexual partners.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 173)
17. The region of the world where people use birth control the least is North America.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 174)
18. Survey research shows that, even though the public remains divided on the issue, U.S.
society is more accepting of premarital sex today than it was a generation ago.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: T; pages 173-174)
19. Despite the widespread image of “swinging singles,” married people have sex with their
partners more often than singles do.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 175)
20. Most married adults in the United States are sexually unfaithful to their spouses at some
point in their marriages.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 175)
21. The fact that many people are bisexual demonstrates that sexual orientation is not clear-
cut.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; pages 175)
22. Homosexuality and heterosexuality are mutually exclusive, meaning that all people fall
into one category or the other.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: F; pages 175)
23. There was no distinct category of “homosexual” people until about a century ago.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 176)
24. A majority of adults in the United States report engaging in homosexual activity at some
point in their lives.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 178)
25. The existence of the Muxes in Mexico shows us that there can be more than two gender
categories.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: T; page 177)
27. Teenage pregnancy raises the risk of girls not finishing school and becoming poor.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 179)
28. The U.S. rate of teenage pregnancy was actually higher in the 1950s than it is today.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 179)
29. The sexual revolution raised the level of teenage pregnancy in the United States.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; page 179)
30. Pornography is a moral issue for some people and a power issue for others.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 180)
31. Prostitution is greatest in poor nations where women have fewer economic opportunities.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: T; page 180)
32. On U.S. campuses, the majority of women express dissatisfaction with the culture of
“hooking up.”
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 183)
33. Although some people think rape simply reflects a desire for sex, it is an expression of
power.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 182)
34. The structural-functional approach highlights patterns of inequality that are linked to
sexuality.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; pages 183-184)
35. The symbolic-interaction approach highlights the various meanings people attach to
sexuality.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; page 184)
36. The social-conflict approach highlights the ways sexual attitudes and practices are a
benefit to some people and a disadvantage to others.
(REMEMBER; answer: T; pages 185-186)
38. The abortion debate is about nothing more than the question of when life begins.
(REMEMBER; answer: F; pages 186-187)
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
40. Which concept refers to the biological distinction between males and females?
a. sex
b. primary sex characteristics
c. gender
d. gender roles
(REMEMBER; answer: a; page 169)
41. The development of breasts in females and deeper voices in males are examples of
a. gender norms.
b. primary sex characteristics.
c. secondary sex characteristics.
d. All of these are correct.
(REMEMBER; answer: c; pages 169-170)
42. Which concept refers to genitals that distinguish females and males?
a. gender
b. primary sex characteristics
c. secondary sex characteristics
d. sexual chromosomes
(REMEMBER; answer: b; page 169)
43. Which concept refers to humans who have some combination of female and male sexual
characteristics?
a. multi-sexed
b. bisexual
c. transsexual
d. intersexual
(REMEMBER; answer: d; page 170)
44. If you often had the feeling of being “trapped in the wrong body,” you might be
a. a hermaphrodite.
b. a homosexual.
c. a transsexual.
d. a bisexual.
(APPLY; answer: c; page 170)
46. One norm found everywhere is the incest taboo, which refers to norms forbidding
a. young children from engaging in sex.
b. sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.
c. women from becoming sexually active before marriage.
d. sex except for the purpose of having children.
(REMEMBER; answer: b; page 171)
47. Sociologists offer several explanations why the incest taboo is found everywhere. Look at
the statements below and identify the statement that is NOT a claim made by
sociologists.
a. The incest taboo limits sexual competition within families.
b. The incest taboo helps define people’s rights and obligations towards each other.
c. The incest taboo helps clarify the kinship system.
d. The incest taboo discourages contact of family members with the larger society.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: d; pages 171-172)
48. About what share of the states in this country have laws that permit marriage between
first cousins?
a. 10 percent of the states
b. none of the states
c. all of the states
d. half of the states
(REMEMBER; answer: d; page 171)
50. The importance of Alfred Kinsey’s research on sexuality in the United States was
a. making sexuality a focus of scientific study.
b. showing that people were less conventional than most of society thought.
c. encouraging a greater openness towards sexuality.
d. All of these are correct.
(REMEMBER; answer: d; pages 172-173)
54. Thinking about the Laumann study of sexual patterns among U.S. adults, which of the
following statements is correct?
a. Over a lifetime, almost everyone has about the same amount of sexual experience.
b. Single people have more sex than married people.
c. There are striking differences in sexual experience within the U.S. population.
d. in the age of AIDS , almost all sex is limited to married partners.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: c; page 175)
55. Research on extramarital sex shows that about _____ of married men and about _____ of
married women remain faithful to their spouse throughout their married lives.
a. 25 percent; 40 percent
b. 25 percent; 75 percent
c. 75 percent; 50 percent
d. 75 percent; 90 percent
(REMEMBER; answer: d; page 175)
56. Which of the following concepts refers to a person’s romantic and emotional attraction to
another person?
a. sex role
b. sexual orientation
c. sexual experience
d. personal transsexuality
(REMEMBER; answer: b; page 175)
59. Sarah feels little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex. Her sexual orientation is
called
a. heterosexuality.
b. bisexuality.
c. homosexuality.
d. asexuality.
(APPLY; answer: d; page 175)
61. In 2010, about what percentage of U.S. adults claimed homosexuality is “always wrong”
or “almost always wrong”?
a. almost 100 percent
b. about 47 percent
c. about 30 percent
d. only 5 percent
(REMEMBER; answer: b; page 178)
62. About ______ of men and _____ of women in the United States define themselves as
“partly” or “entirely” homosexual.
a. 30 percent; 30 percent
b. 28 percent; 14 percent
c. 10 percent; 6 percent
d. 2.3 percent; 1.3 percent
(REMEMBER; answer: d; page 178)
64. Which of the following categories of teenagers would you correctly place at highest
probability of pregnancy?
a. teenage women with low incomes and weak families
b. teenage women with high incomes
c. teenage women with little sexual experience
d. All of these are correct.
(APPLY; answer: a; page 179)
67. Elite prostitutes—young, attractive, and well educated women—are widely referred to as
_____.
a. streetwalkers
b. brothel workers
c. call girls or escorts
d. None of these is correct.
(REMEMBER; answer: c; pages 180-181)
69. A reason NOT to view prostitution as simply a matter of personal choice involving adults
is that
a. prostitution subjects many women to outright violence.
b. prostitution plays a part in spreading sexually transmitted diseases, including
AIDS.
c. many poor women become trapped in a life of selling sex.
d. All of these are correct.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: d; pages 182)
70. Which one of the following statements about rape is NOT true?
a. Many rapes are not reported to the police.
b. Official rape statistics include only victims who are women.
c. In most cases of rape, the victim does not know the attacker.
d. Most men who rape men are not homosexual.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: c; page 182)
72. The campus culture of “hooking up” involves sexual relationships between partners with
which of these characteristics?
a. Individuals know little about each other.
b. Individuals typically have been drinking alcohol.
c. Individuals have no further obligation to each other.
d. All of these are correct.
(REMEMBER; answer: d; page 183)
73. Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human
sexuality?
a. the structural-functional approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach
c. the social-conflict approach
d. queer theory
(REMEMBER; answer: a; pages 183)
74. Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-
control technology
a. social control of sexuality becomes more strict.
b. families, rather than individuals, make choices about sexual partners.
c. social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive.
d. the incest taboo no longer is observed.
(APPLY; answer: c; page 184)
75. Assume that you are investigating the consequences of the incest taboo for kinship
organization in a number of societies. Which theoretical approach are you using?
a. the structural-functional approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach
c. the social-conflict approach
d. queer theory
(APPLY; answer: a; page 183)
77. If you were to study the changing meaning of virginity over the last century in our
society, you would discover that the norm stating that people remain virgins until
marriage
a. has changed little.
b. has become stronger with regard to women.
c. has become stronger with regard to men.
d. has become weaker.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: d; pages 185)
78. If you were teaching a class about the symbolic-interaction approach to sexuality, on
which of the following topics would you likely focus?
a. understanding men’s power over women
b. raising public concern about sexual harassment
c. how individuals in various settings engage in different sexual behavior and attach
different meanings to sexual activity
d. understanding why society must regulate with whom and when people reproduce
(APPLY; answer: c; pages 184-185)
79. Which theoretical approach points to the ways in which sexuality is linked to social
inequality?
a. the structural-functional approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach
c. the social-conflict approach
d. All of these are correct.
(REMEMBER; answer: c; pages 185-186)
80. Read the four statements below. Which statement is NOT consistent with the social-
conflict approach?
a. The process of reality construction is highly variable, so that one group’s views of
sexuality may well differ from another's.
b. Defining women in sexual terms devalues them, turning women into objects of
men’s interest.
c. U.S. culture often depicts sexuality in terms of sport and violence, such as when
we speak of men “scoring” with women, and men “hitting on” women.
d. When police enforce laws against prostitution, the person most likely to be
arrested is the female prostitute, not her male “client.”
(APPLY; answer: a; pages 185-186)
82. Which of the following concepts refers to stigmatizing anyone who is not heterosexual as
“queer”?
a. homophobia
b. heterosexism
c. heterophilia
d. homophilia
(REMEMBER; answer: b; page 186)
83. Criticism of the social-conflict approach’s view of sexuality would include the fact that
a. sexuality is not a power issue for everyone.
b. U.S. society has taken many steps to reduce gender inequality.
c. gay people have made significant strides towards greater opportunity and social
acceptance.
d. All of these are correct.
(UNDERSTAND; answer: d; page 187)
84. The text suggests that the most widely contested issue involving sexuality in the United
States in recent years has been
a. homosexuality and gay rights.
b. abortion.
c. prostitution.
d. teen pregnancy.
(REMEMBER; answer: b; pages 186-187)
85. According to national survey data, what percentage of adults in the United States state
that a woman should be able to obtain an abortion for any reason?
a. 92 percent
b. 72 percent
c. 42 percent
d. 22 percent
(REMEMBER; answer: c; pages 186)
86. Define the concept of sex. Distinguish between primary sex characteristics and secondary
sex characteristics and explain how these are linked to people’s sex.
(UNDERSTAND; pages 169-170)
87. What are several functions of the incest taboo for society as a whole?
(UNDERSTAND; pages 171-172)
88. What significant changes took place during the sexual revolution? What about during the
sexual counterrevolution?
(UNDERSTAND; pages 172-173)
89. In what regions of the world do people make the most and least use of birth control
technology? Can you explain this pattern?
(ANALYZE; page 174)
90. Define the following terms: heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality.
Explain why sexual orientation is sometimes not easy to apply to specific individuals.
(APPLY; pages 175-177)
91. Why do some people consider prostitution to be a victimless crime? Can you provide
arguments against this position?
(EVALUATE; pages 180-182)
92. State two common myths about rape. Explain why these beliefs are wrong.
(EVALUATE; page 182)
93. What are the traits of the campus culture of “hooking up”?
(UNDERSTAND; page 183)
94. Why would societies seek to control human sexuality? Why would some societies be
more permissive than others?
(ANALYZE; pages 183-185)
95. What is the basic assertion of queer theory? Using this approach, what criticism would
you make of our society?
(APPLY; pages 186-187)
96. Many people think of sexuality as a biological matter; however, sexuality is largely
cultural. Explain the biological foundation of sex—how people become female and
male—and then go on to explain why sexuality as a dimension of social life is mostly
cultural. Consider the variation in attitudes and behavior towards the cultural character of
sexuality over time and from society to society.
(ANALYZE)
97. Explain the significance of the sexual revolution and the sexual counterrevolution. What
changed in each case? How do these opposing trends show that U.S. society is of two
minds—permissive and restrictive—regarding sexuality? Do you think that our society is
becoming more accepting or less accepting of diversity in sexual behavior? Why?
(EVALUATE)
98. Is there a culture of “hooking up” on your campus? Why has this pattern evolved on
many campuses at this point in our society’s history? What do you see as the advantages
and disadvantages of “hooking up”?
(EVALUATE)
99. Apply the three theoretical approaches to the topic of sexuality. What are important
insights provided by the structural-functional, symbolic-interaction, and social-conflict
approaches?
(APPLY)
100. Consider the issue of rape. Why have most cases of rape gone unreported? Why is this
pattern changing now? What factors make date rape an important issue on college
campuses? What strategies for change might reduce this problem?
(ANALYZE)
101. How does sexuality play a part in social inequality? Consider factors including
prostitution and pornography and their effects on women. Also, consider heterosexism
and its effects on the social standing of gay and intersexual people.
(APPLY)
102. Explain the significance of the Muxes of central Mexico for our understanding of gender.
Develop a similar argument that takes the existence of transgender people in the United
States into account. In other words, what cultural changes would be necessary for our
society to recognize the full range of sexual diversity that exists here?
(CREATE)
103. Is it possible for a society to exist without clear-cut categories of “female” and “male”? If
so, describe what such a society would be like. If not, explain why not.
(CREATE)
Name ________________________________
Multiple Choice:
2. Research on extramarital sex shows that about _____ of married men and about _____ of married
women remain faithful to their spouse throughout their married lives.
a. 25 percent; 40 percent c. 75 percent; 50 percent
b. 25 percent; 75 percent d. 75 percent; 90 percent
3. In 2004, about what percentage of U.S. adults claimed homosexuality is “always wrong” or “almost
always wrong”?
a. almost 100 percent c. 20 percent
b. about 55 percent d. 5 percent
5. Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality?
a. the structural-functional approach c. the social-conflict approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach d. queer theory
6. The text suggests that probably the most widely contested issue involving sexuality in the United States
in recent years has been
a. homosexuality and gay rights. c. prostitution.
b. abortion. d. teen pregnancy.
7. Which theoretical approach points to the ways in which sexuality is linked to social inequality?
a. the structural-functional approach c. the social-conflict approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach d. All of these are correct.
True/False
__________ 8. Sociobiologists point out that, in every society throughout the world, people are attracted
to youthfulness.
__________ 9. A majority of adults in the United States report at least some homosexual experience.
Short Answer
10. State two common myths about rape. Explain why these beliefs are wrong.
Name ________________________________
Multiple Choice:
2. Research on extramarital sex shows that about _____ of married men and about _____ of
married women remain faithful to their spouse throughout their married lives.
a. 25 percent; 40 percent c. 75 percent; 50 percent
b. 25 percent; 75 percent d. 75 percent; 90 percent
3. In 2004, about what percentage of U.S. adults claimed homosexuality is “always wrong” or
“almost always wrong”?
a. almost 100 percent c. 20 percent
b. about 55 percent d. 5 percent
5. Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality?
a. the structural-functional approach c. the social-conflict approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach d. queer theory
6. The text suggests that probably the most widely contested issue involving sexuality in the
United States in recent years has been
a. homosexuality and gay rights. c. prostitution.
b. abortion. d. teen pregnancy.
7. Which theoretical approach points to the ways in which sexuality is linked to social inequality?
a. the structural-functional approach c. the social-conflict approach
b. the symbolic-interaction approach d. All of these are correct.
True/False
___True____ 8. Sociobiologists point out that, in every society throughout the world, people are
attracted to youthfulness.
___False___ 9. A majority of adults in the United States report at least some homosexual
experience.
Short Answer
10. State two common myths about rape. Explain why these beliefs are wrong.
1897.
Salojärven joutsenet.
1897.
Aamun toivossa.
1897.
Huonoa seuraa.
1897.
1897.
Kysymys.
1898.
Iltarukous.
1898
Laulajan laulu.
1898.
Nuori Nietzsche.
Tuo koittaako päivä, kun laskea mun pitäisi pitkin öitä, elon
paatisen polkuja suunnittaa ja ankeita arkitöitä, jona oisin ma
yhteiskunnassa yks' — kentiespä kohta jo kaksi — ja vuosi
vuodelta vaipuisin taas raa'aksi rahvahaksi?
1898.
Nuori Alkibiades.
Yksinpuhelu.
1899
Nuori Jouko.
1.
2.
1899.
Mietelmiä.
1898.
Kalevalan kankahilta
Väinämöisen synty.
1896.
Lemminkäisen laulu.