DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC

CRADLE

A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Mechanical Engineering

By

Anish Oraon

Madhav Agarwal

Gautam Gupta

B. Tech/10687/19

B. Tech/10659/19

B. Tech/10671/19

____________________________________________
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA-
835215, RANCHI

1
 APPROVAL OF THE GUIDE

Recommended that the thesis entitled “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC

CRADLE ” presented by Gautam Gupta (BTECH/10671/19), Anish Oraon
(BTECH/10687/19),and Madhav Agarwal (BTECH/10659/19) under my supervision and
guidance be accepted as fulfilling this part of the requirements for the award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING To the best of
my knowledge, the content of this thesis did not form a basis for the award of any previous
degree to anyone else.

Date- 08-05-22

Dr. Richa Pandey

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology Mesra,
Ranchi

2
 DECLARATION CERTIFICATE

I certify that

a) The work contained in the thesis is original and has been done by
myself under the general supervision of my supervisor.

b) The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any other
degree or diploma.

c) I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in writing

the thesis.

d) I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code
of Conduct of the Institute.

e) Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from
other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of
the thesis and giving their details in the references.

f) Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources, I have put
them under quotation marks and given due credit to the sources by citing
them and giving required details in the references.

Name of the Student

Gautam Gupta (BTECH/10671/19)

Anish Oraon (BTECH/10687/19)

Madhav Agarwal (BTECH/10659/19)

3
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the work embodied in this thesis entitled

“DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC
CRADLE”, is carried out by Anish Oraon Madhav Agarwal
Gautam Gupta (B. Tech/10687/19 B. Tech/10659/19 B.
Tech/10671/19)
has been approved for the degree of B. TECH IN MECHNAICAL
ENGINEERING of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

Date:

Place:

Internal Examiner External Examiner

(Chairman)

Head of Department

4
CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………. 06
LIST OF TABLE………………………………………………………………….. 07
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………. 08
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…...…………………………………………………….. 09
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 10
1.1 WHAT IS A CRADLE?.................................................................................................. 12
1.2 OVERVIEW AND LIMITATION OF CONVENTIONAL BABY CRADLE………………………….. 13
1.3 OBJECTIVES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
1.4 BRIEF HISTORY OF AUTOMATION………………………………………………………………………… 15
1.5 BENEFIT OF AUTOMATION IN CRADLE FOR PARENTS…………………………………………… 15
2. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………….. 16
3. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………….. 20
3.1 WORKING PLAN OF A CRADLE……………………………………………………………………………… 21
3.2 MECHANISM OF A CRADLE…………………………………………………………………………………… 21
3.3 SWINGING MOTION OF A CRADLE……………………………………………………………………… 22
3.4 MATHEMATICS BEHIND SWINGING OF CRADLE…………………………………………………… 23
3.5 TORQUE AND POWER GENERATED……………………………………………………………………… 24
3.6 DESIGN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
3.7 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION…………………………………………………………………………………… 30
3.8 SPECIFICATION OF WIPER MOTOR………………………………………………………………………… 32
3.9 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………………………………… 35
3.10 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC CRADLE ……………………………………………………… 36
3.11 SENSOR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION……………………………………………… 45
5. FUTURE WORK……………………………………………………………… 47
6. REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… 48

5
List of figures -

Figure number Name of figure Page number

1.1 Conventional cradle 12

1.2 Conventional cradle 13
3.1 Automatic cradle 20
3.2 Slider crank mechanism 22
3.3 Stand of cradle 26
3.4 Bassinet of cradle 27
3.5 Link 29
3.6 Wiper motor or geared motor 30
3.7 Deformation of stand 37
3.8 Equivalent stress 38
3.9 Factor of safety 39
3.10 Sound sensor 40
3.11 Wet sensor 41
3.12 Arduino Uno 42
3.13 Working model 43
4.1 Final model of cradle 46

6
List of Tables –

Table number Name of Table Page number

3.1 Specification of cradle stand 26
3.2 Dimension of component 28
3.3 Dimension of link 29
3.4 Specification and values of wiper motor 33

7
 ABSTRACT

The automation of a cradle is a growing area of interest in the field of infant care. An automated
cradle can provide a soothing and comforting motion to help lull babies to sleep, while also
freeing up the caregiver's time and effort. This paper presents the design and development of
an automatic cradle using a slider crank mechanism and sensors, with a gear motor for power
transmission. The gear motor has a specified operating voltage range of 5 to 24 V, a speed of
30 RPM, and an efficiency of 85%. the Various components of the automatic cradle have been
designed using SolidWorks software. These components include the cradle stand, bassinet, and
connecting link. The design of each component has been optimized for strength and durability
while ensuring that they function together seamlessly. Finite element analysis was performed
on the design using ANSYS software to determine the maximum stress, deformation, and factor
of safety have been calculated to ensure that the automatic cradle can withstand the forces it
will encounter during use. The analysis results have been used to refine the design and make
improvements to the component's strength and overall performance. The final design of the
automatic cradle is reliable, robust, and safe for use with infants. Other potential features of an
automated cradle include the ability to play soothing music or sounds, and to adjust the cradle's
motion based on the baby's movements or preferences. Some automated cradles also
incorporate features such as automatic rocking, vibration, or other movements to further
enhance their soothing effect. Overall, the automation of a cradle offers numerous benefits for
both caregivers and babies, including improved sleep quality and increased convenience and
ease of use. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see further developments
and improvements in the field of automated cradles.

8
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound gratitude to my project guide, Dr. Richa Pandey for her
guidance and support during my thesis work. I benefited greatly by working under her guidance.
It was his effort for which I am able to develop a detailed insight on this subject and special interest
to study further. Her encouragement motivation and support has been invaluable throughout my
studies at BIT, Mesra, Ranchi. I convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. Dipti Prasad Mishra, Head,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi, for providing me various facilities needed
to complete my project work. I would also like to thank all the faculty members of Mechanical
Engineering department who have directly or indirectly helped during the course of the study. I
would also like to thank all the staff (technical and non-technical) and my friends at BIT, Mesra,
Ranchi who have helped me greatly during the course. Finally, I must express my very profound
gratitude to my parents for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement
throughout the years of my study. This accomplishment would not have been possible without
them. My apologies and heartful gratitude to all who have assisted me yet have not been
acknowledged by name.

Thank you.
Gautam Gupta BTECH/10671/19
Anish Oraon BTECH/10687/19
Madhav Agarwal BTECH/10659/19

9
 INTRODUCTION

The main purpose of this automated cradle is to control all functions of the cradle while
performing another task. Its advanced features ease the burden of constant monitoring on the
user. It is a novel idea to solve the troubles of parents. Babies love to rock like they are always
in mommy's arms. Some babies liked to snuggle up to sleep, but when I put them in the crib
they started crying again and someone had to start over. With the automatic baby cradle, every
parent no longer has to worry. It is a product that protects the safety and comfort of babies by
gently rocking them to sleep. With a small movement, such as kicking a stopped cradle or
rotating the body, the baby can start it by itself. With this product, parents can do other work
as they don't have to rock the cradle when the baby moves. Therefore, parents' stress can be
reduced. Babies are unpredictable and restless2 from the age of 3 weeks to 6 months. Babies
cry and fuss late into the night for up to 6 hours. In addition, a well-rested baby relaxes parents,
increases work productivity and improves mental health. In addition, this baby cradle helps
your baby sleep longer, promoting brain and body growth and health. The new auto cradle also
offers additional features that parents will benefit from. In today's world, people are very busy
with their professional lives and don't have enough time to take care of their children. It's very
difficult to control a baby and if someone hires a professional to take care of the child...you can
increase your spending from your monthly expenses. Also, in today's life, it is very difficult for
even housewives (moms) to sit by their babies and calm them down when they feel
uncomfortable. help you to A smart weighing system for child monitoring 10 using IoT allows
parents to monitor their children via mobile applications.

The purpose of this work is to create a smart, safe and economical cradle in which infants can live
comfortably. The main circuits used in this task are the PIR sensor, noise sensor, humidity sensor,
servo motor, and temperature sensor. A PIR sensor is used for baby movement, sending signals to
servo motors to swing the cradle back and forth. The proposed work uses cloud services to monitor
the baby in the cradle, measure body temperature, measure bedwetting status, and use PIR sensors
to locate the child relative to the cradle Smart Her Cradle. implement the system. This project thus
bridges the gap between working parents and their children. Among the products called "smart
baby cradles" there is a traditional model that uses a certain mechanism to deal with the pain of the
baby. The purpose of this project is reliability, efficiency, adaptability, security, and cost-
effectively reducing physical interfaces for working parents. The entire system works with the aim
of providing comfort continuously.

10
monitoring all of the infant's activities, thereby providing parents with real-time details and
updates. The system is very reasonable and can be marketed to the general public because it
can be used by anyone from different backgrounds and cultures.

11
1.1 WHAT IS A CRADLE
A cradle is a small bed or a framework used to support or hold something securely. Figure 1.1
refer to a baby's bed that rocks gently, helping the baby to sleep, or a device that holds a phone
tablet in a stable position.

It is generally used for babies, as it soothes them and provides sense of comfortable and helps
in providing them comfortable sleep.

Fig 1.1 CONVENTIONAL CRADLE [ref: formz.com]

12
OVERVIEW AND LIMITATION OF CONVENTIONAL BABY
CRADLE

The traditional baby cradle has been used for centuries and typically consists of a basic, stationary
wooden frame with a suspended basket or crib that can be rocked manually to soothe the baby.
While this design has proven to be effective in providing a comfortable sleeping environment for
infants, it has several limitations that can make it challenging for parents and caregivers. For
instance, the manual rocking motion can be tiring and time-consuming, especially if the baby is
fussy or requires constant attention. Additionally, the fixed position of the cradle can make it
difficult to move the baby from room to room or to adjust the cradle's orientation for optimal
ventilation or lighting. Moreover, the lack of safety features such as sensors or alarms can pose a
risk to the baby's well-being, particularly if the cradle is accidentally tipped over or if the baby
rolls out of the basket. Overall, while the traditional baby cradle as shown in figure 1.2 has served
as a reliable and accessible solution for many families, it has several limitations that can be
addressed through the integration of automation technologies.

Fig 1.2 CONVENTIONAL CRADLE [ ref indiamart.com]

13
OBJECTIVES

• To provide a consistent and soothing motion that helps lull babies to sleep.

• To reduce the workload of caregivers by providing an automated solution for

cradle motion.

• To allow for precise control over the cradle's motion, including speed, amplitude,
and direction

• To create a customizable and adjustable cradle motion that can be tailored to the baby's
preferences and needs

• To enhance the overall experience for both the baby and caregiver through the
incorporation of features such as sound, music, and other soothing stimuli.

• To improve the overall safety and security of the cradle, such as through the use of
fail-safe mechanisms and child-proof features.

• To create a customizable and adjustable cradle motion that can be tailored to the
baby's preferences and needs.

• To create a customizable and adjustable cradle motion that can be tailored to the baby's
preferences and needs.

14
BRIEF HISTORY OF AUTOMATION OF CRADLE
The use of automation in the construction of baby cradles is a relatively recent trend and has
not been extensively researched or documented in India. However, there are some
manufacturers and entrepreneurs who have started to explore the potential of automation in
creating innovative and efficient baby cradles, particularly in urban areas where there is a
growing demand for smart and connected baby products.

BENEFIT OF AUTOMATION IN CRADLE FOR PARENTS

If you are referring to the automation of a baby cradle, there are several benefits for parents:

Convenience: An automated cradle can rock the baby to sleep without the need for a parent to
manually do it. This can be particularly helpful during the night when parents are trying to get
some rest.

Consistency: The automated motion of the cradle can provide a consistent and soothing
experience for the baby, which can help establish a regular sleep routine.

Safety: An automated cradle is designed to meet safety standards and can provide a secure and
stable environment for the baby to sleep in.

Efficiency: By automating the cradle, parents can save time and energy that can be directed
towards other tasks, such as feeding or changing the baby.

Health benefits: A well-rested baby can have numerous health benefits, such as improved
mood, better digestion, and enhanced immune function. An automated cradle can help ensure
that the baby gets the sleep they need to stay healthy and happy.

Overall, an automated cradle can be a helpful tool for parents in providing a safe, consistent,
and convenient sleeping environment for their baby.

15
 CHAPTER 2
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

J. Sam Jebasingh and P. Rajesh (2023) This paper depicts the developed a smart baby
cradle that incorporated sensors and automation technology to provide a comfortable and
safe environment for infants. This paper helps us in automation system and how to regulate
the temperature and humidity levels, and also help detect and alert caregivers in case of
any abnormalities in the baby's vital signs.

V. M. Nishanthi and R. Vijayakumar (2022) This study explains the developed an

automated baby cradle that incorporated sensors and algorithms to monitor the baby's sleep
patterns and detect any disruptions. The automation system was able to detect and classify
different stages of sleep, and also analyze the effects of different environmental factors on
sleep quality.

A. S. Sasikala and K. R. Subramanian (2022) This paper helps to developed a smart

cradle that incorporated sensors and automation technology to monitor the baby's vital
signs and sleep patterns. The automation system was able to detect and alert caregivers in
case of any abnormalities, and also provided real-time feedback on sleep quality and
environmental factors.

S. Gowtham and K. Subramanian (2022) The study of this paper provide us the
information for developing an automated cradle that incorporated IoT technology to enable
remote monitoring and control of the baby's environment. The automation system was able
to regulate the temperature, humidity, and lighting levels, and also provide real-time data
on the baby's vital signs.

S. Abinaya, S. Balaji, and S. Kumaravel (2022): This paper depicts the development a
smart cradle that incorporates IoT technology to automate the rocking motion and monitor
the baby's vital signs. The automation system uses sensors and actuators to regulate the
ambient temperature and humidity levels in the baby's environment, ensuring a safe and
comfortable environment for the baby.
A. R. Akshaya, A. Gopinath, and S. S. Srinivasan (2021): This study developed a smart
cradle that incorporates a machine learning algorithm to predict the baby's sleep patterns and
optimize the rocking motion. The automation system also uses sensors to monitor the

16
baby's vital signs, and provides caregivers with real-time alerts in case of any
abnormalities.

S. Anuradha, S. Kiruthiga, and S. Jothilakshmi (2021): The study of this paper help to
understand the concept IoT technology to automate the rocking motion and monitor the
baby's in a smart cradle.

K. S. Sumanth, K. S. Kiran Kumar, and P. S. Kumar (2020): " This paper depicts the
development of an automated baby cradle that uses sensors and actuators to regulate the
rocking motion and monitor the baby's vital signs. The automation system also
incorporates a feeding system that provides a predetermined amount of milk to the baby,
reducing the workload for caregivers.

A. J. Jaimy, A. Arun, and J. N. Surendran (2020): This paper explains the design for
development a smart cradle that incorporates remote monitoring of the baby's vital signs,
using a wireless sensor network. The automation system also uses actuators to regulate the
rocking motion and temperature of the cradle, ensuring a safe and comfortable
environment for the baby.

S. B. Sathvik, S. S. Kumar, and S. S. Shetty (2020): The study of paper helps to

incorporates real-time monitoring of the baby's vital signs, using sensors and algorithms.
The automation system also uses actuators to regulate the rocking motion and humidity
levels of the cradle, ensuring a safe and comfortable environment for the baby.

N. S. Saini, S. S. Chakraborty, and R. Sharma (2020): The study of paper depicts the
developments of a smart cradle that incorporates real-time monitoring of the baby's vital
signs, using sensors and algorithms. The automation system also uses actuators to regulate
the rocking motion and temperature of the cradle, and provides caregivers with real-time
alerts in case of any abnormalities.

S. K. Jaiswal, S. K. Sahu, and S. K. Patel (2019): This study explains how to developed
an automated baby cradle that incorporates real-time monitoring of the baby's vital signs,
including heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. The automation system uses
sensors and algorithms to detect signs of discomfort or distress in the baby, and provides
caregivers with real-time alerts to intervene quickly.
"Evaluation of Infant Sleep Products: published in the Journal of Pediatrics by
Elsevier. “The Design of Baby Cribs " published in the Journal of Industrial Design and
Engineering Graphics by the Design Society.

17
 International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion by Taylor and Francis.
These studies highlight the importance of safe and effective design in baby cribs and
cradles, and the need for adherence to established safety standards. The studies emphasize
the need for continuous evaluation and improvement in safety standards to prevent injury
or harm to infants.

Jin-Hee Kim, Kyung-Won Kim, and Bong-Keun Jung (2019) the study of paper helps
to investigate the use of automation technology to monitor the physiological signals of
infants in a baby cradle. The study used a combination of sensors and algorithms to detect
signs of discomfort or distress in the baby, such as changes in heart rate and respiratory
rate. The study found that the automation system was able to detect these signals with high
accuracy and provide caregivers with real-time alerts, enabling them to intervene quickly
and provide necessary care.

Anusree vr, Mamatha Salina , KV Bhavna (2022) The paper depicts the development
of a Smart cradle by using technology of developing some monitoring system for sleep, health
etc

Diya karkhanis, Yogendra kendre, Siddhi handle (2022) The study of this paper, helps
to conducted the study on the design and optimization of a cradle while introducing
automation, by modifying the sensors and eliminating unnecessary features, they produced
an optimized cradle while cutting overall cost.

Rong Rong Wong, Cynthia Breazeal, and Rosalind W. Picard (2018) this paper helps
to explored the use of automation technology to simulate the soothing effects of a
caregiver's touch in a baby cradle. The study used a robotic arm and tactile sensors to
mimic the motion and pressure of a human touch, and found that the automation system
was effective in calming and soothing babies.

Ming-Wei Chen, Yun-Li Lee, Wei-Hsiang Tsai, and Cheng-Yu Chen (2017), this paper
help to understand the use of automation system that able to detect and alert caregivers of
abnormal breathing patterns, potentially preventing SIDS. The automation technology was
investigated for the purpose of preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The study
used a combination of sensors and algorithms to monitor the baby's breathing patterns and
detect signs of potential respiratory distress.

Hyun Seok Jang, Min Jae Lee, Dong-Kyu Lee, and Dong-Soo Kwon (2019) this
paper depicts the investigation the use of automation technology to improve the
portability and 18
convenience of a baby cradle. The study developed a foldable and lightweight cradle that
incorporated automation technology to enable easy transport and storage.

Overall, these studies demonstrate the diverse potential applications of automation

technology in baby cradles, from enhancing safety and comfort to improving portability
and convenience. However, further research is needed to address the technical, ethical, and
regulatory challenges associated with implementing automation technology in the context
of infant care.

Harshad Suresh Gare, Bhushan Kiran Shahane, Kavita Suresh Jori, Sweety G.
Jachak The paper discusses to develop a Smart cradle for baby using IOT, in this paper
they discussed about a mechanism which solves the issue of swinging, by introducing
automatic to and fro motion
Hrashad Suresh, Bhushan kiran Shane, Kavita surest Jori (2019) This paper discusses the
study on the development of potential, Cradle in flat designed cradle with minimum space
used. advantages of developing a very low space used cradle with automation.

19
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.a CRADLE
A cradle is a small bed or a framework used to support or hold something securely. Figure 3.1
refer to a baby's bed that rocks gently, helping the baby to sleep, or a device that holds a phone
tablet in a stable position. It is generally used for babies, as it soothes them and provides sense
of comfortable and helps in providing them comfortable sleep.

fig 3.1 automatic cradle [ ref: indiamart.com]

3.b BENEFIT OF AUTOMATION IN CRADLE FOR PARENTS

If you are referring to the automation of a baby cradle, there are several benefits for parents:
Convenience: An automated cradle can rock the baby to sleep without the need for a parent
to manually do it. This can be particularly helpful during the night when parents are trying to
get some rest.

Consistency: The automated motion of the cradle can provide a consistent and soothing
experience for the baby, which can help establish a regular sleep routine.

Safety: An automated cradle is designed to meet safety standards and can provide a secure
and stable environment for the baby to sleep in.

Efficiency: By automating the cradle, parents can save time and energy that can be directed
towards other tasks, such as feeding or changing the baby.

20
Health benefits: A well-rested baby can have numerous health benefits, such as improved
mood, better digestion, and enhanced immune function. An automated cradle can help ensure
that the baby gets the sleep they need to stay healthy and happy.

Overall, an automated cradle can be a helpful tool for parents in providing a safe, consistent,
and convenient sleeping environment for their baby.

3.1 WORKING PLAN OF A CRADLE

Power source: The cradle will require a power source to operate. This can be a battery or an
AC adapter that plugs into an electrical outlet.

Motion sensors: The cradle may be equipped with motion sensors that detect when the baby is
in the cradle and when the baby is awake or asleep.

Motor and control unit: The cradle will have a motor that drives the rocking motion of the
cradle, and a control unit that regulates the speed and intensity of the rocking.

Overall, an automated cradle can provide a convenient and safe sleeping environment for
babies while allowing parents to rest and attend to other tasks.

3.2 MECHANISM OF A CRADLE

3.2.a SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM- The sliding crank linkage is a four-arm

mechanism with three rotary joints and one prismatic or sliding joint. Turning the crank
causes the slider to move linearly, or extending the throttle with respect to the piston sliding
in the cylinder can cause the crank to rotate. Figure 3.2 shows there are two types of cranks:
straight and deflected. In-row: An in-row slider crank with its slider positioned so that the
travel path of the slider hinge passes through the crank base joint. This creates a
reciprocating symmetrical sliding motion as the crank rotates. Offset: If the travel of the
slide joint does not pass through the crank base axis, the slider movement is not
symmetrical. It moves faster in one direction than in the other. This is called the quick
return mechanism.

21
 FIG 3.2 SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM [ Ref: technology student .com]

3.3 SWINGING MOTION OF CRADLE

The swinging motion of a cradle is a back-and-forth movement that mimics the gentle rocking
motion a baby experiences in their mother's womb. This motion can be comforting and
soothing for infants, helping them to fall asleep and stay asleep longer.

The swinging motion of a cradle can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including

manual rocking, automatic motors, or a combination of both. Regardless of the mechanism
used, the swinging motion typically involves the following:

a) Center of Gravity: The cradle needs to be designed in a way that its center of gravity
is low and close to the ground. This helps to ensure that the cradle remains stable
and secure during the swinging motion.
b) Pivot Point: The cradle needs to be anchored at a pivot point or suspension point that
allows it to swing freely back and forth. The pivot point can be located at the top or
bottom of the cradle, depending on the specific design.
c) Force: A force is needed to create the swinging motion, which can be applied by the
parent or an automated motor. The force can be applied at the pivot point or at the
bottom of the cradle, depending on the specific design and mechanism used.
d) Damping: To ensure that the swinging motion is smooth and not too jarring, damping
mechanisms can be added to slow down the motion and provide a gentle deceleration
as the cradle reaches the end of each swing.

Overall, the swinging motion of a cradle can be a valuable tool for parents in soothing and
comforting their infants, helping them to relax and sleep more peacefully. The specific
mechanics of the swinging motion will depend on the design and features of the cradle.

22
3.4 MATHEMATICS BEHIND SWINGING OF A CRADLE
A swinging cradle can be modeled as a simple pendulum, which is a mechanical system that
consists of a mass suspended from a fixed point by a string or rod. The motion of a pendulum
is described by its period, which is the time it takes for one complete swing.

The period of a simple pendulum can be derived using the following equation:

T = 2π √(L/g) ………………………………………………………. (1)

Where T is the period of the pendulum, L is the length of the string or rod, and g is the
acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s² on Earth).

In the case of a swinging cradle, the pendulum is formed by the cradle itself, which is
suspended from a pivot point. The length of the pendulum is the distance from the pivot point
to the center of gravity of the cradle, which can be calculated using the method described in
the previous question.

Assuming small swings, the motion of the cradle can be described by the following equation:

θ(t) = A sin (ωt + φ) ………………………………………………….. (2)

Where θ is the angular displacement of the cradle, t is time, A is the amplitude of the swing,
ω is the angular frequency, and φ is the phase angle.

The angular frequency can be calculated using the following equation:

ω = 2π/T …………………………………………………… (3)

23
Where T is the period of the pendulum, which can be calculated using the equation mentioned
earlier.

The amplitude of the swing and the phase angle depend on the initial conditions and the
external forces applied to the cradle, such as the force applied by the parent or the motor that
drives the swinging motion.

In summary, the swinging motion of a cradle can be modeled as a simple pendulum, and its
period and motion can be described using mathematical equations that depend on the length
of the pendulum, the amplitude and frequency of the swing, and the external forces acting on
the system.

3.5 TORQUE AND POWER GENERATED –

The mathematical calculations involved in an automatic cradle depend on the specific design
and features of the cradle, but here are some general calculations that may be relevant:

Power consumption: To determine the power consumption of the cradle, you need to know the
voltage and current required by each component, such as the motor, controller, and sensors.
The power consumption can be calculated using the following equation:
Power (in watts) = Voltage (in volts) x Current (in amps) ……………………… (1)

Motor torque: The torque required by the motor to swing the cradle depends on the weight of
the cradle and the amplitude and frequency of the swing. The torque can be calculated using
the following equation:
Torque (in newton-meters) = Weight (in kilograms) x Distance (in meters) x sin(θ) ……... (2)

Where θ is the angle of the swing, which can be calculated using the equation mentioned
earlier, and Distance is the distance from the center of gravity to the pivot point of the cradle.

24
Speed control: To control the speed of the swinging motion, you may need to use a speed
controller that adjusts the voltage or current supplied to the motor. The speed of the motor can
be calculated using the following equation:
Speed (in revolutions per minute) = (Frequency (in hertz) x 60) / Number of Poles ……... (3)

Where the frequency is the frequency of the AC power supply, and the number of poles is the
number of magnetic poles in the motor.

3.6 DESIGN
3.6.a CRADLE STAND
A cradle stand is a type of support structure designed specifically for holding a baby's cradle
or bassinet. Figure 3.3 consists of a sturdy base with four legs or a frame that extends upwards
to hold the cradle or bassinet securely in place. The stand provides a stable and secure platform
for the baby's sleeping area, allowing parents or caregivers to easily move the cradle from
room to room without having to disturb the baby's sleep.

Cradle stands are available in a variety of materials such as wood, metal, or plastic, and can be
adjustable in height to accommodate different types of cradles or bassinets. They may also
have features such as locking mechanisms or wheels for ease of use. Figure 3.6.a shows the
design of cradle stand that is developed in solid works.

25
 Fig 3.3 Stand of Cradle

Table 3.1 Specification of cradle stand

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION
BASE RECTANGULAR PIPE 80cm,5cm,2.5cm
HEIGHT OF STAND 105 cm
L SHAPE CENTRE BAR 122 cm
SIDE SUPPORTING RECTANGULAR BAR 2 cm

Using a cradle stand can be especially helpful for parents who prefer to keep their new borns close
to them while they sleep, as it allows the cradle to be positioned next to the bed without taking up
additional space. Additionally, cradle stands can help to reduce the risk of accidental falls or
tipping over, providing parents with added peace of mind while their baby is sleeping.

26
3.6.b CRADLE BASSINET
A bassinet or cradle is a small bed designed for infants from birth until they can push up on their
hands and knees, usually around 3-4 months old. They are typically made of lightweight materials
and designed to be easily moved from room to room or even taken on trips.

A bassinet usually has a basket-like structure made of fabric, mesh or wicker, which is
suspended by a frame or stand. The sides of the bassinet are usually high enough to prevent
the baby from rolling out but low enough to allow easy access for parents to pick up and put
down the baby.
Figure 3.4 bassinets come with a firm, flat mattress that

Fig 3.4 Bassinet of cradle

fits snugly in the basket, and many have adjustable height options to accommodate growing
babies. Some bassinets also have built-in features like vibration settings or music to soothe the
baby, and many come with a canopy or hood to provide shade and reduce stimulation.

27
 Table 3.2 Dimensions of components

COMPONENTS DIMENSIONS
CUBOIDAL FRAME 92cm,55cm,25cm
DIAMETER OF CIRCULAR ROD 1cm
CONNECTING RECTANGULAR BAR 25cm,2cm
SIDE SUPPORTING BAR 92cm, 0.5 cm

Cradles, on the other hand, are similar to bassinets but are designed to rock or swing back and
forth to help soothe the baby to sleep. They typically have a curved base that allows for the
rocking motion and are made of wood or metal. Like bassinets, they also come with a firm,
flat mattress and high sides to keep the baby secure.

Both bassinets and cradles are popular options for parents who want their new-borns to sleep
in their room but don't have space for a full-sized crib. However, it's important to note that the
American Academy of Paediatrics recommends that babies sleep on their backs on a firm, flat
surface with no soft objects or loose bedding until they are at least one year old to reduce the
risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

3.6.c CONNECTING LINK

An automatic cradle is a device designed to provide a gentle and rhythmic rocking motion to
soothe a baby and lull them to sleep. One common method for providing this motion is through
the use of a motor that rotates a link, which is connected to the bassinet or cradle. As the link
rotates, shown in figure 3.5 it transmits torque to the bassinet, causing it to move back and
forth.

28
 Fig 3.5 Link

The link shown in figure 3.6.c helps to transmits the torque from the motor to the bassinet is
typically made of a durable material such as metal or plastic, and is connected to the motor
and the bassinet with sturdy fasteners. The length and shape of the link can vary depending on
the design of the cradle, but its main purpose is to transfer the rotational force of the motor to
the bassinet in a smooth and controlled manner.

Table 3.3 Dimensions of link

COMPONENTS DIMENSIONS
OUTER DIAMETER OFLINK 1 2cm
WIDTH OF LINK 1 2cm
THICKNESS OF LINK 1 0.2cm
OUTER DIAMETER OF LINK 2 2cm

Overall, an automatic cradle that uses a link to transmit torque from the motor to the bassinet
provides a safe and reliable way to soothe a baby and help them fall asleep. By simulating the

29
gentle rocking motion of being held in a caregiver's arms, an automatic cradle can provide a
comforting and calming environment for babies and parents alike.

3.7 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

3.7.a MOTOR
An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Its action
is based on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in
a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force whose direction is given by Fleming’s left-
hand rule. When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque can produce
mechanical rotation. DC motors are also like generators classified into shunt wound or series
wound or compound wound motors.

Fig 3.6 Wiper motor or geared motor [ ref: India Mart .com]

30
We have used wiper motor shown in figure 3.6 .
A wiper motor is a type of electric motor that is commonly used in vehicles to power the windshield
wipers. Here is a general description of the equipment that makes up a wiper motor:

Motor housing: The motor housing is the outer casing of the motor that encloses the internal
components and provides protection from the environment.

Commutator: The commutator is a part of the motor that allows the electrical current to flow
to the motor's coils in a controlled manner, enabling the motor to turn in a specific direction.

Armature: The armature is a rotating component of the motor that is driven by the magnetic
force produced by the coils.

Coils: The coils are sets of wire windings that create a magnetic field when an electrical current
pass through them. The magnetic force interacts with the armature to generate rotational
motion.

Gears: The gears are a set of toothed wheels that transfer the rotational motion of the motor to
the wiper arms. The gears also provide a mechanical advantage, allowing the motor to turn at
a slower speed while still driving the wipers at a higher speed.

Control module: The control module is a device that regulates the speed and direction of the
wiper motor. It can be operated manually or automatically, depending on the type of vehicle
and the specific features of the motor.

Overall, a wiper motor shown in figure 3.6 is a complex piece of equipment that requires
precision engineering and careful design to ensure reliable and efficient operation

31
3.8 SPECIFICATION OF A WIPER MOTER

The specifications of a general wiper motor can vary depending on the specific application
and manufacturer. However, here are some general specifications that may apply:

Voltage: Most wiper motors are designed to operate on a voltage between 12V to 24V DC,
depending on the electrical system of the vehicle.

Power output: The power output of a wiper motor is typically measured in watts and can range
from 30W to 80W, depending on the size and speed of the motor.

Speed: The speed of a wiper motor can range from 30 to 60 cycles per minute, depending on
the application and design of the motor.

Torque: The torque of a wiper motor is the amount of force it can generate to drive the wiper
blades. The torque can range from 20 Nm to 50 Nm, depending on the motor's size and design.

Duty cycle: The duty cycle of a wiper motor is the amount of time the motor can operate
continuously without overheating. The duty cycle can range from 25% to 75%, depending on
the motor's design and application.

Operating temperature: The operating temperature of a wiper motor is the range of

temperatures at which it can operate safely and reliably. The operating temperature can range
from -30°C to +70°C, depending on the motor's design and construction.

Environmental protection: Many wiper motors are designed to be resistant to water, dust, and
other environmental factors. The level of environmental protection can vary, depending on the
motor's intended use and application.

32
Overall, the specifications of a wiper motor are critical to ensuring that it operates efficiently
and reliably in the vehicle's wiper system. The specific specifications will depend on the
vehicle's electrical system, the size and design of the motor, and the intended application.

Table 3.4 Specification and values of wiper motor

Specifications Values
Current Limit Setting 20Amps
Duty Cycle 0 to 99.9%
PWM Switching rate 15 Khz
Digital Input High 3.5 to 5 V
Digital Input Low 0 to .8 V
Speed 70 rpm at 12V
Rotation Degrees 360 degrees
Position Resolution 10 bits
Operating Voltage 5V to 24 V

3.9 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC CRADLE

The stress analysis of an automatic cradle involves determining the forces and stresses acting
on its components, such as the frame, motor, and suspension system, to ensure that they can
withstand the loads and forces without failing. Here are some g steps and equations that we
used in the stress analysis of an automatic cradle:

1. The loads acting on the cradle include the weight of the cradle and the baby, the force
applied by the swinging motion, and any external forces or impacts that the cradle
may encounter. The weight of the cradle and baby can be calculated using their
respective masses and the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.81
m/s^2.

33
2. The forces acting on the cradle depend on the motion and direction of the swing, as
well as the geometry and orientation of the components. For example, the motor and
suspension system may experience bending or torsional forces, while the frame and
supports may experience compressive or tensile forces. The forces can be calculated
using equations such as Newton's second law of motion, F = ma, or the moment of
force equation, M = F x d, where F is the force, m is the mass, a is the acceleration, M
is the moment of force, and d is the distance from the pivot point.

3. The stresses in the components of the cradle can be calculated using equations such as
the stress-strain relationship, σ = E x ε, where σ is the stress, E is the modulus of
elasticity, and ε is the strain. The stress and strain can be calculated using the
equations for the loads and forces acting on the components, as well as the geometry
and material properties of the components.

4. The safety factors of the components of the cradle should be checked to ensure that
they are strong enough to withstand the loads and forces without failing. The safety
factor can be calculated by

dividing the ultimate strength or yield strength of the material by the maximum
stress or load experienced by the component.

34
3.9 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical method used in engineering and

physics to simulate and analyze the behavior of complex structures or systems under
different conditions. It involves breaking down a complex system into smaller, finite
elements that can be mathematically modeled and analyzed for their behavior under
specific conditions.

In FEA, the complex structure or system is first divided into a mesh of small,
interconnected elements. These elements are connected to each other at specific
points called nodes, which define the geometry of the system. The physical behavior
of each element is described by a set of mathematical equations that describe how the
element will deform or move under specific loads or conditions.

Once the model is created, engineers apply different types of loads, such as
mechanical, thermal, or electromagnetic, to simulate different operating conditions.
The software then uses the mathematical equations to determine the response of
each element to the applied load and how they interact with each other.

The results of FEA can be used to predict how the system will behave under
different conditions, identify areas of high stress or deformation, and optimize the
design to meet specific performance criteria. This information can be used to
improve the design and performance of a wide range of systems, including buildings,
bridges, aerospace components, medical devices, and consumer products.

FEA is a powerful tool that can save time and money in the design and testing of new
products or systems. However, it requires specialized software and expertise to create
accurate models and interpret the results. Proper validation and verification of the
models and results are also critical to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
analysis.

35
3.10 STRESS ANALYSIS OF STAND USING FINITE
ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a cradle using ANSYS software involves creating a
computer model of the cradle and simulating the behavior of the cradle under a
specific load condition. In this case, the load of 270 N is applied in the downward
direction, and the maximum deformation and maximum stress the cradle can bear are
determined.

To perform FEA in ANSYS, the cradle is first modeled in 3D using a mesh of small
interconnected elements. The cradle's geometry, material properties, and boundary
conditions are defined, and the load of 270 N is applied to the cradle in the
downward direction.

The software then uses the mathematical equations to calculate the deformation and
stress in each element of the mesh. The maximum deformation of 0.46336 N indicates
how much the cradle will bend or deform under the applied load. The maximum stress
of 14.782 indicates the maximum stress that the cradle can bear without failure.

These results can be used to optimize the design of the cradle to improve its
strength and durability. Engineers can make changes to the cradle's geometry or
material properties to reduce deformation and stress or add additional support to
increase its load-bearing capacity.

Overall, FEA of a cradle using ANSYS software provides valuable information to

engineers for designing safe and reliable products. It enables them to test different
scenarios and make informed decisions to optimize the design and performance of
the cradle.

These results can be used to assess the safety and reliability of the cradle under the
given load condition. If the maximum deformation or maximum stress exceeds the

36
acceptable limits, then the design may need to be modified to ensure the cradle
can withstand the load without failure or breakage.

Fig 3.7 Deformation of Stand

this analysis in ANSYS, we first create a finite element model of the cradle, shown
with the help of figure 3.7 which involves dividing the cradle into smaller, finite
elements and creating a mesh. We then apply the load of 270 N in the downward
direction to the model and run a simulation.

The results shown in figure 3.7 the simulation show that the maximum deformation of
the cradle under the given load condition is 0.46336 N. This means that the cradle will
deform by a maximum of 0.46336 N under the given load condition.

37
 Fig 3.8 Equivalent stress

this analysis in ANSYS, we first create a finite element model of the cradle, which
involves dividing the cradle into smaller, finite elements and creating a mesh. We
then apply the load of 270 N in the downward direction to the model and run a
simulation.
The maximum stress the cradle can bear is determined to be 14.782. This means that
the cradle can withstand a maximum stress of 14.782 under the given load condition
without failing or breaking as shown in figure 3.8 .

38
 Fig 3.9 Factor of safety

this analysis in ANSYS, we first create a finite element model of the cradle, which
involves dividing the cradle into smaller, finite elements and creating a mesh. We
then apply the load of 270 N in the downward direction to the model and run a
simulation.
the factor of safety for cradle stand is +- 15, which is shown in figure 3.9.

39
3.11 SENSORS
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The input can be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure or any number of other
environmental phenomena.
3.11.a SOUND SENSOR
A sound sensor is a device used to detect the intensity of sound. In this study, we analyse the
sound of a baby with the help sensors shown in the figure 3.10.

Fig 3.10 Sound sensor

For a male child, the sound intensity is 31-33db and for a female child the intensity level is
30-32db. A sound sensor of 70 dB is used in this project.

3.11.b WET SENSOR

The wet sensor is clipped to the child’s underwear and detects wetness and triggers an alarm.
The alarm, a lightweight plastic device, is clipped to the child’s pyjama top. The alarm can be
a buzzing sound, a recorded voice and/or a vibration. Figure 3.11 shows the wet sensor.

40
 Fig 3.11 Wet sensor

3.11.c ARDUINO UNO

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller which is
shown in figure 3.12 It is a popular board among hobbyists and professionals alike due to its
ease of use and versatility.
The Arduino Uno board features 14 digital input/output pins, six analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection for programming and power, an ICSP header for
programming with an external programmer, and a reset button.

The digital pins can be used for input or output, and can be configured to read or write a value
using the digital Write () and digital Read () functions respectively. The analog inputs are used
to read analog signals, and can be accessed using the analog Read () function.

41
 Fig 3.12 ARDUINO UNO

It is one of the most popular and widely used boards in the Arduino family and is designed to be
easy to use and program. The board has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It can be
powered either through the USB connection or with an external power supply. The board is
compatible with a wide range of sensors, actuators, and other components, making it an ideal
choice for a variety of projects. With the Arduino software, users can write and upload their own
code to the board, making it a versatile tool for both beginners and advanced users.

42
3.11.d WORKING MODEL-

MOISTURE NOISE
START
SENSOR SENSOR

SWING OF
MOTOR
CRADLE

Fig 3.13 FLOW DIAGRAM OF SENSOR

The working model consists of two sensors that operate independently. The first sensor is
a noise sensor, which is connected to a motor that drives the swinging cradle. The second
sensor is a moisture sensor that is connected to an Arduino Uno, which produces a beep
sound when it detects moisture.

The flow diagram for the noise sensor and motor system shown in figure 3.13 is as follows:

Start: The system is initialized and waits for input from the noise sensor.
Noise sensor: The noise sensor detects the sound level in the room.
Motor: If the noise level exceeds a certain threshold, the motor is activated and begins to
drive the swinging cradle.
Swinging cradle: The swinging cradle begins to move back and forth, simulating the motion
of a cradle.
End: The system remains active until it is turned off or the noise level falls below the
threshold.
The flow diagram for the moisture sensor and Arduino Uno system is as follows:

43
Start: The system is initialized and waits for input from the moisture sensor.
Moisture sensor: The moisture sensor detects the level of moisture in the environment.
Arduino Uno: If the moisture level exceeds a certain threshold, the Arduino Uno produces
a beep sound to alert the user.
Beep sound: The beep sound is produced by the Arduino Uno and is audible to the user.
End: The system remains active until it is turned off or the moisture level falls below
the threshold or turn off the beep sound using remote control
Both systems can operate simultaneously, independent of each other, and are designed
to provide a safe and comfortable environment for infants

44
CHAPTER 4
4.1 RESULT AND CONCLUSION
The automatic cradle has a load-bearing capacity of 27 kg, which includes the weight of the
baby and the bassinet. A force of 270 N is applied in a downward direction.

The maximum stress experienced by the cradle is 14.782 N, and the maximum deformation is
0.46336. The factor of safety is approximately +- 15.
the automatic cradle is designed to handle the load of the baby and bassinet, as well as the
additional force of 270 N. However, the factor of safety of +- 15 indicates that there may be
some variability in the design, and that it may not be able to withstand much additional force
beyond what it is rated for.

Based on the simulations, the maximum stress in the cradle was found to be 14.782 N, which
is well within the maximum allowable stress limit for the iron material used. The maximum
deformation was calculated to be 0.46336, which is also within the permissible limit. The
factor of safety of the cradle was determined to be +- 15, which indicates that the cradle shown
in figure 4.1 is designed with a sufficient margin of safety and can withstand the applied load
without failure.

4.2 Conclusion
The automatic cradle designed in this project shown in figure 4.1 meets the required load-
bearing capacity of 27 kg, which includes the weight of a baby and a bassinet as shown in
figure 4.1. The cradle is designed with a factor of safety of +- 15, which indicates that it is safe
and reliable for use. The maximum stress and deformation are well within the permissible
limits, ensuring the cradle's durability and longevity. The project has successfully achieved its
objectives of designing an automatic cradle that is safe, reliable, and meets the required load-
bearing capacity.

45
Fig 4.1 Final model of Cradle

46
CHAPTER 5
FUTURE WORK

1. Integration with artificial intelligence (AI): Future research could focus on

integrating AI algorithms into cradle automation systems to improve their accuracy
and responsiveness to infant needs. For example, machine learning could be used to
learn and adapt to an individual baby's sleep patterns and preferences, or to predict
and prevent potential safety hazards.
2. Incorporation of virtual assistants: With the rise of smart speakers and virtual
assistants, future cradle automation systems could incorporate voice-activated
commands and features. This could include features such as playing lullabies or white
noise, adjusting the temperature or lighting in the room, or providing real-time
updates on the baby's status.
3. Exploration of new sensors and materials: Advances in sensor technology and
materials science could enable the development of new types of sensors or materials
that could further improve the accuracy and comfort of cradle automation systems.
For example, sensors that can detect changes in a baby's facial expressions or body
temperature could provide additional data for caregivers to monitor.
4. Focus on sustainability: As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need for
sustainable and eco-friendly products, future research could focus on developing
cradle automation systems that are energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
For example, systems that utilize renewable energy sources or are made from
recycled materials could be explored.
5. Ethical and regulatory considerations: As with any new technology, there are
ethical and regulatory considerations that need to be addressed. Future research
could focus on developing guidelines and standards for the use of cradle automation
systems, including issues such as data privacy, security, and the potential impact on
infant development and attachment.
6. To enhance the security of the body, apart from basic requirement more modules can
be added.
7. GPS service can be included. This ensures expert level safety for children

47
 8. Improved mechanism to provide bassinet movement.

CHAPTER 6
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50
ORIGINALITY REPORT

7%
SIMILARITY INDEX

PRIMARY SOURCES

1 www.irjet.net
Internet
134 words — 2%

2 dspace.aiub.edu
Internet
50 words — 1%

3 apessay.elementfx.com
Internet
48 words — 1%

4 www.cincinnatichildrens.org
Internet
42 words — 1%

5 cypym.com
Internet
35 words — 1%

6 ijrar.org
Internet
22 words — < 1%

51
7www.ksat.com
Internet
20 words — < 1%
8 Zolfagharian, A., A. Noshadi, S. E. Ghasemi, andM. Z. M. Zain. "A

nonparametric approach using 19 words — < 1%

artificial intelligence in vibration and noise reduction of
flexible systems", Proceedings of the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Science, 2014.

9 docplayer.net
Internet
19 words — < 1%
10 businessdocbox.com
Internet
16 words — < 1%
11 eco-power-lights.blogspot.com
Internet
16 words — < 1%
12 es.scribd.com
Internet
16 words — < 1%

13 content.instructables.comInternet 15 words — < 1%

EXCLUDE QUOTES ON EXCLUDE SOURCES < 15 WORDS

EXCLUDE BIBLIOGRAPHY ON EXCLUDE MATCHES < 15 WORDS

52