Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers 12th Edition Billstein Test Bank instant download all chapter

Problem Solving Approach to
Mathematics for Elementary School

Teachers 12th Edition Billstein Test
Bank
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankdeal.com/product/problem-solving-approach-to-mathematics-for-elem
entary-school-teachers-12th-edition-billstein-test-bank/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary

School Teachers 12th Edition Billstein Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/problem-solving-approach-to-
mathematics-for-elementary-school-teachers-12th-edition-
billstein-solutions-manual/

School Teachers 11th Edition Billstein Test Bank
billstein-test-bank/

School Teachers 11th Edition Billstein Solutions Manual
billstein-solutions-manual/
Reconceptualizing Mathematics for Elementary School

Teachers 3rd Edition Sowder Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/reconceptualizing-mathematics-
for-elementary-school-teachers-3rd-edition-sowder-test-bank/
Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers 6th Edition
Bassarear Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/mathematics-for-elementary-
school-teachers-6th-edition-bassarear-solutions-manual/
Mathematics for Elementary Teachers 5th Edition

Beckmann Test Bank
teachers-5th-edition-beckmann-test-bank/
Mathematics for Elementary Teachers 5th Edition

Beckmann Solutions Manual
teachers-5th-edition-beckmann-solutions-manual/
Mathematics in Action Algebraic Graphical and

Trigonometric Problem Solving 5th Edition Consortium
for Foundation Mathematics Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/mathematics-in-action-algebraic-
graphical-and-trigonometric-problem-solving-5th-edition-
consortium-for-foundation-mathematics-test-bank/
Mathematics in Action Algebraic Graphical and

Trigonometric Problem Solving 5th Edition Consortium
for Foundation Mathematics Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/mathematics-in-action-algebraic-
graphical-and-trigonometric-problem-solving-5th-edition-
consortium-for-foundation-mathematics-solutions-manual/
Ch. 10 Data Analysis/Statistics: An Introduction
10.1 Designing Experiments/Collecting Data
1 Design an experiment to collect data.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.

1) Suppose a third-grade class had a project to determine how many pets they had. Describe questions that might
be asked, how the data might be collected, how it might be analyzed, and how it might be interpreted.
2) Some adults said they could ʺtell the difference between the namebrand chocolate chips and the generic brand
chocolate chips.ʺ How might students design a study to test whether the adults could tell the difference
between types of chocolate chips if the students were
(a) elementary-grade students?
(b)middle-grade students?
2 Determine if a question is biased. (no exercises available)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
1)
3 Analyze an experiment and determine likely errors.

1) If a class were to investigate how many different major cities students have visited, what are some of the
potential issues to be resolved before the investigation begins?
4 Determine if a sample is representative of a population.

1) Suppose you were conducting a poll regarding types of items purchased at a particular grocery store and
wanted to interview a representative sample of 50 shoppers. If you sat outside the store when it opened and
talked to the first 50 people, explain whether or not you feel you would have a representative sample.
Page 1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.2 Displaying Data: Part I
1 Solve problems involving pictographs.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Use the statistical display to answer the question.

1) Marriage Licenses Issued
(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)
How many licenses are issued in July?

A) 70,000 B) 7,000 C) 80,000 D) 75,000
In which month are the most licenses issued and how many are issued?
A) June; 120,000 B) August; 90,000 C) June; 100,000 D) May; 80,000
Which months differ the most in the number of licenses issued and by how much?
A) March and June; 90,000 B) March and June; 80,000
C) April and June; 80,000 D) April and June; 90,000
Page 2

Which months differ the least in the number of licenses issued and by how much?
A) March and April and May and July; 10,000 B) March and April; 20,000
C) May and July; 10,000 D) March and April and May and July; 20,000
How many more licenses are issued in June than in July?

A) 50,000 B) 30,000 C) 70,000 D) 40,000
Page 3

2 Solve problems involving dot plots.
Construct the requested statistical display.

1) The mileage ratings for city driving of various subcompact cars are listed below. Construct a line plot using the
data.
27 28 10 26 34 27 21 20 19 25 17 29
28 13 23 38 19 32 25 14 11 21 28 24
A)
B)
C)
D)
Use the statistical display to answer the question.

2) The midterm test scores for the seventh-period typing class are shown below on a dot plot.
What are the low and high scores?

A) 56; 98 B) 56; 89 C) 69; 98 D) 50; 100
Page 4

What are the outliers?

A) 56 B) 69
C) 97, 98 D) 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91
What is the most frequent score?

A) 89 B) 98 C) 83 D) 56
What is the largest gap in scores, not including gaps between outliers?
A) 91-97 B) 98-100 C) 83-86 D) 69-91
What cluster has the highest scores?

A) 97-98 B) 71-73 C) 56 D) 86-91
Page 5

3 Solve problems involving stem-and-leaf plots.

1) The attendance counts for this seasonʹs basketball games are listed below. Draw a stem-and-leaf plot for the
data.
227 239 215 219 221 233 229 233 235 228 245 231
A) B)
C) D)
Page 6

2) The weights of 22 members of the varsity football team are listed below. Draw an ordered stem-and-leaf plot
for the data.
144 152 142 151 160 152 131 164 141 153 144
175 156 147 133 172 159 135 159 148 140 171
A) B)
C) D)
Use the figure to answer the question.

3) The weights (in pounds) of a group of high school students are listed below in a stem-and-leaf plot.
Stem Leaves
9 89
10 14678
11 024468
12 3589
13 00246789
14 1222578
15 1679
What does 12 5 represent on the plot?

A) 125 pounds B) 17 pounds C) 512 pounds D) 60 pounds
Page 7

Stem Leaves
9 89
10 14678
11 024468
12 3589
13 00246789
14 1222578
15 1679
What is the most frequent weight?

A) 142 B) 114 C) 159 D) 99
Stem Leaves
9 89
10 14678
11 024468
12 3589
13 00246789
14 1222578
15 1679
Which interval has the most students in it?

A) 130-139 B) 90-99 C) 140-149 D) 110-119
6) The weights (in pounds) of a group of high school students are listed below in a stem -and-leaf plot.
Stem Leaves
9 89
10 14678
11 024468
12 3589
13 00246789
14 1222578
15 1679
What is the difference between the lowest and highest weights?

A) 61 B) 53 C) 60 D) 98
7) The heights (in inches) of a group of high school students are listed below in a back-to-back stem-and-leaf
plot.
Male Stem Female

889 5 578
13466789 6 012223455689
0012223 7 002
What is does 6 5 represent on the plot?

A) 65 inches B) 65 feet C) 11 inches D) 60 inches
Page 8

plot.
Male Stem Female

889 5 578
13466789 6 012223455689
0012223 7 002
Which interval has the most students in it?

A) 60-69 B) 50-59 C) 70-79 D) 50-79
plot.
Male Stem Female

889 5 578
13466789 6 012223455689
0012223 7 002
Which gender has the tallest student?

A) Male
B) Female
C) Both male and female have a student with the same tallest height.
plot.
Male Stem Female

889 5 578
13466789 6 012223455689
0012223 7 002
Which gender has the greatest average height?

A) Male
B) Female
C) Both male and female have about the same average height.
Page 9

4 Solve problems involving histograms.

1) The numbers of male and female students in the College of Arts and Sciences are listed below by major. Make a
double bar graph for the data.
Major Number of Major Number of
Male Students Female Students
Math 100 Math 50
History 100 History 200
English 150 English 200
Science 150 Science 100
Other 75 Other 125
A)
B)
Page 10

2) The wages of the employees of a company are presented in this histogram. Assume that $6 is in the interval
$6-$8, not $4-$6, similarly for $8, $10, and $12.
How many employees earn at least $4 and less than $6 an hour?

A) 20 B) 22 C) 34 D) 10

A) 34 B) 20 C) 46 D) 14
A) 16 B) 10 C) 20 D) 46
Page 11

5 Solve problems involving bar graphs.

1) The numbers of students in the College of Arts and Sciences, categorized by major, are listed below. Make a bar
graph for the data.
Major Number of Students
Math 150
History 300
English 350
Science 250
Other 200
2) Students in Mr. Masonʹs classes collected items from different countries. The data show how many of each
item one class collected. Construct a bar graph for the frequency data.
Stamps, 9
Postcards, 11
Coins, 7
Books, 13
Collected Items from Foreign Countries
Page 12


3) The bar graph below shows the number of students by major in the College of Arts and Sciences.
How many students are in the College of Arts and Sciences?

A) 1225 B) 1325 C) 1050 D) 1275
What is the ratio of history majors to the total number of students in the college?
A) 12 to 49 B) 12 to 48 or 1 to 4 C) 12 to 16 or 3 to 4 D) 49 to 8
What percent of students in the college are history majors (to the nearest tenth of a percent)?
A) 24.5% B) 75.5% C) 32.7% D) 66.7%
Page 13

6) This double-bar graph shows the number of male (M) and female (F) athletes at a university over a four-year
period.
2009 2010 2011 2012

Year
Which year had the greatest number of male athletes?

A) 2012 B) 2009 C) 2011 D) 2010
period.
2009 2010 2011 2012

Year
Which year had the smallest number of male athletes?

A) 2009 B) 2012 C) 2011 D) 2010
period.
2009 2010 2011 2012

Year
Which year had the same number of male and female athletes?
A) 2011 B) 2010 C) 2009 D) 2012
Page 14

period.
2009 2010 2011 2012

Year
What is the only year in which the number of female athletes declined from its previous value?
A) 2012 B) 2011 C) 2010 D) 2009
6 Solve problems involving circle graphs.
Use the circle graph to solve the problem.

1) The circle graph shows the percent of the total population of 93,700 of Springfield living in the given types of
housing.
Apts
41%
Single
family
29%
Duplex →
1%
Townhouse ↗ Condo
10% 19%
Find the number of people who live in single family houses. Round your result to the nearest whole number.
A) 27,173 people B) 29 people C) 66,527 people D) 31,858 people
Page 15

2) A survey of the 9729 vehicles on the campus of State University yielded the following circle graph.
Motorcycles
9%
Convertibles
16% Hatchbacks
36%
Vans →
7%
Sedans→
6% Pickups
26%
Find the number of hatchbacks. Round your result to the nearest whole number.
A) 3502 B) 36 C) 6227 D) 3989
3) In a school survey, students showed these preferences for instructional materials.
About how many students would you expect to prefer computers in a school of 500 students?
A) About 180 students B) About 90 students
C) About 100 students D) About 36 students
About how many students would you expect to prefer lectures in a school of 750 students?
Page 16

About how many students would you expect to prefer written materials in a school of 450 students?
About how many students would you expect to prefer radio in a school of 250 students?
A) About 13 students B) About 45 students C) About 90 students D) About 5 students
About how many students would you expect to prefer TV in a school of 500 students?
Page 17

About how many students would you expect to prefer films in a school of 350 students?
A) About 70 students B) About 63 students C) About 42 students D) About 20 students
7 Determine the best method to display data.

1) Kevin asked some of his friends how many hours they worked during the previous week at their after -school
jobs. Make a frequency table for the data.
5 6 5 3 5 5 9 7 5 3 7 6 7 5 6 7 5 6 7 6 7 7
Hours Tally Frequency
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
A) B)
C) D)
Page 18

2) The average amount of weekend television viewing of high school students is shown below and used to create
a frequency table.
3.5 6 8 7 9.5 4
6.5 10 4.5 7 8.5 3
8.5 6 7 5.5 7.5 3.5
Frequency Distribution Table

3-4.5 I I I I I 5
5-6.5 I I I I 4
7-8.5 I I I I I I I 7
9-10 I I 2
Total = 20
Which interval has the greatest amount of students?

A) 7-8.5 B) 3-4.5 C) 9-10 D) 5-6.5
3) The average amount of weekend television viewing of high school students is shown below in a frequency
table.
Frequency Distribution Table

3-4.5 I I I I I 5
5-6.5 I I I I 4
7-8.5 I I I I I I I 7
9-10 I I 2
Total = 20
To the nearest half hour, what is the most common amount of weekend television viewing?
A) Can not be determined from the frequency table
B) 3-4.5
C) 7-8.5
D) 5-6.5
Page 19

10.3 Displaying Data: Part II
1 Solve problems involving line graphs.

1) The data below give the figures for the United States production of canned fruit from 2002 to 2009. Make a line
graph for the data.
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cases (millions) 106.5 97.7 84.8 96.1 101.5 90.2 88.5 90.8
110
105
100
Cases
95
(millions)
90
85
80
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

2) The sales figures for the Big ʺDʺ Company are shown below in a line graph.
Big ʺDʺ Sales
2012
Sales
(Thousands)
2011
Month
Which month in 2011 had the lowest sales?
A) Month 3 B) Month 2 C) Month 6 D) Month 8
Page 20

Big ʺDʺ Sales
2012
Sales
(Thousands)
2011
Month
Which month in 2012 had the highest sales?
A) Month 12 B) Month 5 C) Month 3 D) Month 6
Big ʺDʺ Sales
2012
Sales
(Thousands)
2011
Month
What were the total sales for the first 6 months of 2011?
A) $290,000 B) $240,000 C) $366,000 D) $46,000
Big ʺDʺ Sales
2012
Sales
(Thousands)
2011
Month
What were the total sales for the first 6 months of 2012?
A) $366,000 B) $302,000 C) $286,000 D) $64,000
Page 21

2 Solve problems involving scatter plots.

1) The one-day temperatures for 12 world cities along with their latitudes are shown in the table below. Make a
scatterplot for the data.
City Temperature (F) Latitude
Oslo, Norway 30° 59°
Seattle, WA 57° 47°
Anchorage, AK 40° 61°
Paris, France 61° 48°
Vancouver, Canada 54° 49°
London, England 48° 51°
Tokyo, Japan 55° 35°
Cairo, Egypt 82° 30°
Mexico City, Mexico 84° 19°
Miami, FL 81° 25°
New Delhi, India 95° 28°
Manila, Philippines 93° 14°
y
100
90
80
70
60
Latitude
(degrees) 50
40
30
20
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 x
Temperature (F)°
Page 22


2) The following scatterplot shows the heights (in inches) of a group of children and their ages.
50
45
40
35
Height
(inches) 30
25
20
15
10
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Age (years)
What can be the expected height range for a 2-year-old child?

A) 25-38 inches B) 20-30 inches C) 40-50 inches D) 35-45 inches
50
45
40
Height 35
(inches) 30
25
20
15
10
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Age (years)
From this data, conjecture how old you think a child is who is about 39 inches tall?
A) 3 years B) 3 months C) 1 year D) 7 years
Page 23

3 Solve problems involving trend lines and association.
Identify whether the given scatterplot shows a positive association, negative association, or no association.
1)
A) positive association B) negative association C) no association
2)
A) negative association B) positive association C) no association
Page 24

3)
A) no association B) positive association C) negative association
4) The following scatterplot shows the temperature of a city and the cityʹs latitude.
90
80
70
60
Latitude 50
(degrees)40
30
20
10
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Temperature (°F)
Page 25

72 y
66
60
54
48
42
Height
(inches) 36
30
24
18
12
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 x
Age (years)
What type of association is there for this data?

Determine the equation of the trend line shown in the scatterplot.

6)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
1 3 ⁻1 3 1 1 3
A) y = x+ B) y = x+ C) y = x+ D) y = ⁻3x +
3 2 3 2 3 2 2
Page 26

7)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
1 1 ⁻1 1 1 1 ⁻1 1
A) y = x- B) y = x+ C) y = x+ D) y = x-
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
8)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
⁻3 3 3 3 ⁻3 1 3 1
A) y = x+ B) y = x+ C) y = x+ D) y = x+
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
Page 27

9)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
⁻1 1
A) y = x B) y = ⁻3x C) y = x D) y = 3x
3 3

-
10) If a trend line has the equation y = 4 x + 6, what y- value would you expect to obtain when the x -value is 0 ?
A) 6 B) 0 C) - 6 D) 2
11) If a trend line had equation y = 6x - 11, what type of association would you expect the data to have?
12) If a trend line had equation y = ⁻3x + 8, what type of association would you expect the data to have?
13) If a trend line had an equation y = 11, what could you say about the data?
A) The data has no apparent association, or the data could be constant.
B) The data has a positive association.
C) The data has a negative association.
D) The data consists of a single data point.
10.4 Measures of Central Tendency and Variation

1 Calculate measures of central tendency.
Find the mean, median, and mode. Round to the nearest tenth when necessary.
1) Given these class sizes: 1, 2, 8, 10
A) 5.3, 5, none B) 3.7, 5, none C) 4.8, 5, 8 D) 5.3, 5, 2
2) Given these board lengths: 2, 4, 5, 13, 14

A) 7.6, 5, none B) 6, 5, none C) 6.6, 5, 5 D) 7.6, 5, 4
3) Given these box weights: 1, 3, 7, 13, 3

A) 5.4, 3, 3 B) 6, 3, none C) 4.4, 3, 7 D) 5.4, 3, none
4) Given these board lengths: 14, 2, 7, 8, 10, 14, 7, 14

A) 9.5, 9, 14 B) 8.2, 9, 7
C) 9.9, 9, two modes 7 and 14 D) 8.2, 9, two modes 7 and 14
Page 28

5) Given these board lengths: 20.2, 1.2, 5, 5.8, 16, 20.2, 5, 1.2, 20.2, 20.2
A) 11.5, 10.9, 20.2 B) 9.6, 10.9, 5
C) 12.7, 10.9, two modes 5 and 20.2 D) 9.6, 10.9, two modes 5 and 20.2
-4 -2 6 9
6) Given these box scores: , , ,
A) 2.3, 2, none B) 0, 2, none C) 1.8, 2, 6 D) 2.3, 2, - 2
Solve the problem.

7) The six Cane brothers spent $88.24, $70.12, $55.74, $57.84, $70.88, and $51.13 on groceries. Find the mean
grocery bill.
A) $65.66 B) $98.49 C) $78.79 D) $66.79
8) Six college buddies bought each other Christmas gifts. They spent $270.98, $273.51, $229.29, $282.02, $212.55,
and $169.14. Find the mean amount spent for Christmas gifts.
A) $239.58 B) $359.37 C) $287.50 D) $275.50
9) The five sales people at Southwest Appliances earned commissions last year of $13,000, $22,000, $47,000,
$15,000, and $24,000. Find the mean commission.
A) $24,200 B) $26,620 C) $22,990 D) $25,410
10) The Wellspring Companyʹs fleet of trucks get 16, 11, 20, 10, 20, 8, and 22 miles per gallon. What is the mean
miles per gallon for the fleet? Round to the nearest whole number.
A) 15 B) 12 C) 14 D) 18
11) The batting percentages of some of the players on the company softball team are 0.218, 0.281, 0.234, 0.327, 0.232,
0.312, and 0.261. What is the mean batting percentage of these players? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0.266 B) 0.280 C) 0.242 D) 0.311
12) Frankʹs Furniture employees earned $278.38, $198.33, $191.76, $170.56, $320.19, and $224.95 last week. Find the
mean wage of the employees. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
A) $230.69 B) $346.04 C) $276.83 D) $264.83
13) Bill kept track of the number of hours he spent exercising each week. The results for four months are shown
below. Find the mean number of hours Bill spent exercising per week. Round your answer to two decimal
places.
7.60 6.50 7.60 7.00 8.00 7.60
7.00 7.60 8.60 7.60 7.00 7.00
8.20 6.50 6.50 8.00 8.00 7.00
A) 7.41 B) 7.84 C) 7.02 D) 7.62
14) The normal monthly precipitation (in inches) for August is listed for 20 different U.S. cities. Find the mean of
the data.
3.5 1.6 2.4 3.7 4.1
3.9 1.0 3.6 4.2 3.4
3.7 2.2 1.5 4.2 3.4
2.7 0.4 3.7 2.0 3.6
A) 2.94 in. B) 3.09 in. C) 2.80 in. D) 3.27 in.
15) The total yearly food bill for a family of four is $9395.59. To the nearest cent, what is the mean weekly food bill?
A) $180.68 B) $187.91 C) $25.74 D) $173.99
Page 29

16) Tom sleeps an average of 8.29 hours a day. In one non-leap year, how many hours does Tom sleep?
A) 3025.85 hours B) 431.08 hours C) 3067.3 hours D) 2989.35 hours
2 Solve problems involving box plots.
Match the given data with one of the box plots from the Table of Box Plots.
1) 28, 40, 30, 60, 76, 84, 94, 110,

128, 148, 112, 160, 190, 164, 164
A) I B) II C) III D) IV
2) 137, 167, 154, 170, 171, 184, 175, 190,

203, 208, 192, 210, 212, 214, 216
A) III B) I C) IV D) II
3) 0, 0, 0, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0,

0, 2.4, 1.6, 1.6, 4.3, 0, 0
A) IV B) I C) II D) III
4) 148, 134, 146, 150, 172, 170, 156, 220,

272, 244, 246, 290, 304, 298, 306
A) V B) II C) III D) IV

5) Following are box-and-whisker plots comparing the study times in hours per week for Sarah and Elaine.
What are the median study times for both Sarah and Elaine?
A) Sarah, 3 hours; Elaine, 6 hours B) Sarah, 6 hours; Elaine, 3 hours
C) Sarah, 2 hours; Elaine, 3 hours D) Sarah, 5 hours; Elaine, 8 hours
Page 30

Which student has the greatest range of weekly study times?

A) Sarah B) Elaine
What is the longest study time by either student? What is the shortest?
A) 9 hours; 0 hours B) 9 hours; 2 hours C) 2 hours; 0 hours D) 8 hours; 2 hours
Describe any similarities or differences in the two distributions represented by the box plots.
Page 31

9) Describe any similarities or differences in the two distributions represented by the following box plots. Assume
that the two box plots have the same scale.
10) Describe any similarities or differences in the two distributions represented by the following box plots. Assume
that the two box plots have the same scale.
3 Calculate measures of variation.
Solve the problem.

1) Jim had grades of 81 and 92 on two chemistry tests. What is the lowest score he can get on the third test to
obtain an average of 85?
A) 82 B) 86.5 C) 86 D) 85
2) In the first two weeks of school, Jill studied 13 hours and 13 hours, respectively. How many hours must she
study during the third week to give her an average of 15 hours per week?
A) 19 hours B) 13 hours C) 20.5 hours D) 15 hours
3) Over the past two weeks, Jane earned $260 and $282 respectively, at her part time job. What must she earn in
the third week to bring her three-week average earnings to $250 per week?
A) $208.00 B) $271.00 C) $396.00 D) $250
4) Bill needs an average of 75 on four tests in science to make the honor roll. What is the lowest score he can
receive on the fourth test if his first three scores are 68, 78, and 61?
A) 93 B) 69 C) 70.5 D) 75
Page 32

5) Liz ran 32 mi, 11 mi, and 20 mi during three weeks. How many miles must she run the fourth week to give her
an average of 20 miles per week?
A) 17 mi B) 21 mi C) 20.8 mi D) 20 mi
6) The same car at three different dealerships had a median price of 14,389.78. The mean price was 14,596.69 and
the range of prices was 1523.91. What were the three prices?
A) 13,938.19, 14,389.78, 15,462.10 B) 14,038.19, 14,389.78, 15,462.10
C) 14,038.19, 14,489.78, 15,562.1 D) 13,838.19, 14,289.78, 15,362.1
7) In one three day weekend, the daily high temperature had a median value of 79. The mean temperature was
75.67 and the range of temperatures was 20. What were the three weekend daily high temperatures?
A) 64, 79, 84 B) 164, 79, 84 C) 164, 179, 184 D) - 36, - 21, - 16
8) A gymnast needs to score an average of 8.4 in order for her team to win the competition. Her score was 9.5 on
her uneven bars, 7.9 on the floor exercise, and 8.5 on the vault. What must her score be on the balance beam for
her team to win?
A) 7.7 B) 8.7 C) 8.6 D) 8.4
9) The mean height of 5 students is 56.4. If one of the students leaves, the mean height becomes 57.25. What is the
height of the absent student?
A) 53 B) 56 C) 50 D) 54
10) A teacher allows the students to each ʺthrow outʺ their lowest test score in order to increase their overall grade.
The original mean score of 5 tests is 75.4. After the removal of the lowest test, the mean score becomes 79.25.
What is the score of the removed test?
A) 60 B) 63 C) 57 D) 61
11) The owner of a small manufacturing plant employs six people. As part of their personnel file, she asked each
one to record to the nearest one-tenth of a mile the distance they travel one way from home to work. The six
distances are listed below:
2.6 5.3 1.1 4.4 6.5 3.6
Compute the range.
A) 5.4 B) 5.3 C) 1.1 D) 1
12) To get the best deal on a microwave oven, Jeremy called six appliance stores and asked the cost of a specific
model. The prices he was quoted are listed below:
$115 $472 $136 $651 $438 $240
Compute the range.
A) $536 B) $472 C) $115 D) $104
13) The manager of an electrical supply store measured the diameters of the rolls of wire in the inventory. The
diameters of the rolls (in m) are listed below.
0.181 0.115 0.481 0.412 0.656 0.288
Compute the range.
A) 0.541 B) 0.481 C) 0.115 D) 0.107
14) Fred, a local mechanic, gathered the following data regarding the price, in dollars, of an oil and filter change at
twelve competing service stations:
32.95 24.95 26.95 28.95
18.95 28.95 30.95 22.95
24.95 26.95 29.95 28.95
Compute the range.
A) $14 B) $12 C) $10 D) $8
Page 33

15) Jeanne is currently taking college economics. The instructor often gives quizzes. On the past nine quizzes,
Jeanne got the following scores:
99 53 98 79 95
87 91 80 88
Determine what test scores are outliers.
A) 53 B) 80, 53 C) 98 D) 98, 99
16) A class of sixth grade students kept accurate records on the amount of time they spent playing video games
during a one-week period. The times (in hours) are listed below:
13.7 12.1 9.7 11.6
12.7 11.9 21.6 14.0
Determine what times are outliers.
A) No outliers are present. B) 21.6
C) 21.6, 9.7 D) 9.7
17) Data for the amount of sun-induced expansion (in mm) of a steel I-beam were collected. The measurements
are 7.82, 7.83, 7.70, 7.81, and 7.75. Find the standard deviation and variance for the data. Round the results to
the nearest thousandth.
A) s = 0.045, v = 0.002 B) s = 0.002, v = 0.001 C) s = 0.111, v = 0.012 D) s = 0.139, v = 0.019
18) The pH of a patientʹs blood was measured periodically during one week, and the measured values were 7.36,
7.37, 7.45, 7.42, and 7.45. Find the standard deviation and variance for the data. Round the results to the nearest
thousandth.
A) s = 0.038, v = 0.001 B) s = 0.001, v = 0.001 C) s = 0.086, v = 0.007 D) s = 0.098, v = 0.010
19) The fluctuation in power (in W) in a microlamp was measured five times, and the measured values were 60.10,
59.93, 60.16, 60.03, and 59.82. Find the standard deviation and variance for the data. Round the results to the
nearest thousandth.
A) s = 0.121, v = 0.015 B) s = 0.015, v = 0.001 C) s = 0.271, v = 0.073 D) s = 0.224, v = 0.050
4 Solve problems involving normal distribution.
Solve the problem.

1) The amount of Jenʹs monthly phone bill is normally distributed with a mean of $55 and a standard deviation of
$9. Within what range are 68% of her phone bills?
A) Between $46 and $64 B) Between $37 and 73
C) Between $37 and $55 D) Between $55 and $64
2) The annual precipitation for one city is normally distributed with a mean of 293 inches and a standard
deviation of 3.1 inches. Fill in the blanks.
In 95% of years, precipitation in this city is between and inches.

A) 286.8, 299.2 B) 293, 299.2 C) 283.7, 302.3 D) 283.7, 293
3) The systolic blood pressures of a group of 18-year-old women are normally distributed with a mean of
120 mmHg and a standard deviation of 12 mmHg. What percentage of women in this group have a systolic
blood pressure between 108 mmHg and 132 mmHg?
A) 68% B) 95% C) 99.8% D) 50%
4) At one college, GPAs are normally distributed with a mean of 3.1 and a standard deviation of 0.5. What
percentage of students at the college have a GPA between 2.6 and 3.6?
A) 68% B) 84% C) 47.5% D) 95%
Page 34

deviation of 3.3 inches. In what percentage of years is precipitation in the city between 392.4 inches and
405.6 inches?
A) 95% B) 68% C) 99.8% D) 97.5%
6) The tread life of a particular brand of tire is a random variable described by a normal distribution with a mean
of 60,000 miles and a standard deviation of 2300 miles. What is the probability a particular tire of this brand
will last more than 57,700 miles? Express the probability as a decimal.
A) 0.84 B) 0.68 C) 0.16 D) 0.975
7) At one college, GPAs are normally distributed with a mean of 2.6 and a standard deviation of 0.6. What
percentage of students at the college have a GPA below 3.2?
A) 84% B) 16% C) 68% D) 95%
8) A townʹs annual snowfall is normally distributed with a mean of 47 inches and a standard deviation of 6
inches. In what percentage of years is the snowfall between 35 and 47 inches?
A) 47.5% B) 68% C) 95% D) 34%
9) The amount of Jenʹs monthly phone bill is normally distributed with a mean of $72 and a standard deviation of
$9. What percentage of her phone bills are between $ 72 and $81?
A) 34% B) 68% C) 95% D) 47.5%
deviation of 3.2 inches. In what percentage of years is the rainfall greater than 295.4 inches?
A) 2.5% B) 5% C) 16% D) 34%
deviation of 2.6 inches. Find the probability that a randomly selected year will have more than 323.8 inches of
rain. Express the probability as a decimal.
A) 0.975 B) 0.95 C) 0.84 D) 0.998
12) A standardized math test was given to 6000 students. The scores were normally distributed with a mean of 380
and a standard deviation of 50. How many students scored between 380 and 480?
A) 2850 B) 5700 C) 2040 D) 4080
13) A standardized math test was given to 6000 students. The scores were normally distributed with a mean of 420
and a standard deviation of 40. If George scored 340, how many students scored more than George?
A) 5850 B) 150 C) 5700 D) 5988
5 Solve problems involving percentiles, quartiles and deciles.
Solve the problem.

1) The following scores on the midterm exam in Chemistry 102 were recorded:
93 81 59 69 82 73 61 77 95 84 88 71
85 97 63 72 89 80 60 98 91 62 78 83
76 81 94 66 83 96
Find the 1st quartile, Q1 .

Find the 3rd quartile, Q3 .
A) 71, 89 B) 71, 85 C) 69, 87 D) 75, 87
Page 35

2) Big Bucks Investment Club has a portfolio that includes stocks from 15 corporations listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. The closing prices (in dollars) of each stock after yesterdayʹs trading are listed below.
1 1 3 1 5
113 45 22 53 23 11 15 30
8 2 8 4 8
7 3 1 3 1
52 77 62 85 104 9 93
8 4 8 8 4
Find the 1st quartile, Q1 .

Find the 3rd quartile, Q3 .
1 3 1 1 3
A) 22 , 85 B) 30, 104 C) 23 , 85 D) 45, 93
2 8 4 4 8
inches. Find P84.
A) 56 inches B) 65 inches C) 51.5 inches D) 38 inches
inches. Find P16.
A) 35 inches B) 62 inches C) 39.5 inches D) 53 inches
deviation of 3.9 inches. Find D5 .
A) 294 in. B) 301.8 in. C) 305.7 in. D) 286.2 in.
10.5 Abuses of Statistics

1 Determine why a claim could be misleading.
Identify the abuse of statistics.

1) Criticize this statement: ʺLast year, Americans consumed 121,358,399,451 gallons of gasoline.ʺ
2) You plan to make a survey of 200 people. The plan is to talk to every 10th person coming out of the school
library. Is there a problem with your plan?
3) An airline company advertises that 100% of their flights are on time after checking 5 randomly selected flights
and finding that these 5 were on time.
4) ʺ7 out of 10 dentists recommend Brand X toothpasteʺ. This finding is based on the results of a survey of 10
randomly selected dentists. What is wrong with this survey?
5) A researcher published this survey result: ʺ74% of people would be willing to spend 10 percent more for energy
from a non-polluting sourceʺ. The survey question was announced on a national radio show and 1,200
listeners responded by calling in. What is wrong with this survey?
6) A researcher wished to gauge public opinion on gun control. He randomly selected 1000 people from among
registered voters and asked them the following question ʺ Do you believe that gun control laws which restrict
the ability of Americans to protect their families should be eliminated?ʺ Identify the abuse of statistics and
suggest a way the researcherʹs methods could be improved.
Page 36

7) A company accused of downsizing workers defended itself with the following statement ʺYes, we were forced
to lay off 20% of our workforce last year, but this year we increased our workforce by 20% and we therefore
now have the same number of employees as before the layoff.ʺ What is the flaw in this argument?
2 Determine if a conclusion is valid.

1) A questionnaire is sent to 10,000 persons. 5,000 responded to the questionnaire. 3,000 of the respondents say
that ʺThey love chocolate ice creamʺ. We conclude that 60% of people love chocolate ice cream. What is wrong
with this survey?
2) ʺ38% of adults in the United States regularly visit a doctorʺ. This conclusion was reached by a college student
after she had questioned 520 randomly selected members of her college. What is wrong with her survey?
3 Determine why a graph could be misleading.

1) The graph shows the increases in a certain expenditure over a four-year period. What is wrong with the graph?
Page 37

Ch. 10 Data Analysis/Statistics: An Introduction
Answer Key
10.1 Designing Experiments/Collecting Data
1 Design an experiment to collect data.
1) Answers will vary. Among the questions that the class will have to determine are the following:
Does this mean only living pets or do we include pets that have died?
Does this include pets in our house and pets we may have that live with the other parent?
Do we include pets that are boarded at another location (horses, sheep, goats, pigs)?
Do we include pets that may be foster pets?
Once the answers to the above (and possibly others) are determined, then the class can decide how to collect the data
and from whom to collect it. Once the data are collected, the data can be displayed in a bar graph and in a frequency
table. How to analyze the data might include using a mean or a median. The interpretation might include discussions
of the meaning of mean and median.
2) Answers will vary. A major decision is what types of chocolate chips could be used. Does this mean brand name milk
chocolate chips versus generic milk chocolate chips, either brand name or generic milk chocolate chips versus either
brand name or generic semi-sweet chocolate chips, and so on? All students might find it necessary to blindfold any
adults in the test so that they cannot see the chocolate chips and tell a difference that way. An additional question is
what is an adult? Middle-school students might want to try and choose adults at random for the test and would have
to consider how to randomize them. (a) Elementary students might blindfold the adults and simply hand them two
different types to see if the adults could tell the difference. (b) Middle-grade students might place a few chocolate
chips in a plastic cup, use a series of
taste tests to eliminate random guessing, and so on.
2 Determine if a question is biased. (no exercises available)
1)
3 Analyze an experiment and determine likely errors.
1) Answers will vary. The two most important questions are, ʺWhat defines a major city?ʺ and ʺWhat does it mean to
visit a major city?ʺ Other possible questions include: Does this mean that your airline landed in the city; that you spent
a night there; that you spent an extended vacation there?
4 Determine if a sample is representative of a population.
1) Answers will vary. One possible answer follows. The sample likely will not be representative. In most cases the first
50 people entering a grocery store will be light shoppers simply stopping to grab a beverage or light breakfast before
heading to work. Most likely these shoppers would not be representative of the typical grocery store shopper, so your
entire sample could be biased.
10.2 Displaying Data: Part I
1 Solve problems involving pictographs.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
2 Solve problems involving dot plots.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
3 Solve problems involving stem-and-leaf plots.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
Page 38

6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
4 Solve problems involving histograms.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5 Solve problems involving bar graphs.
1)
2) Collected Items from Foreign Countries
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
6 Solve problems involving circle graphs.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
Page 39

7 Determine the best method to display data.
1) A
2) A
3) A
10.3 Displaying Data: Part II
1 Solve problems involving line graphs.
1)
110
105
100
Cases
95
(millions)
90
85
80
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
2 Solve problems involving scatter plots.
1)
y
100
90
80
70
Latitude 60
(degrees) 50
40
30
20
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 x
Temperature (F)°
2) A
3) A
3 Solve problems involving trend lines and association.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
Page 40

11) A
12) A
13) A
10.4 Measures of Central Tendency and Variation
1 Calculate measures of central tendency.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) A
2 Solve problems involving box plots.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) Answers will vary.
3 Calculate measures of variation.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) A
4 Solve problems involving normal distribution.
1) A
Page 41

2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
5 Solve problems involving percentiles, quartiles and deciles.
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
10.5 Abuses of Statistics
1 Determine why a claim could be misleading.
1) The number suggests that a very accurate and precise count was taken, but it is actually an estimate. The precision of
the number is unwarranted and deceptive. It would be better to say that ʺ121 billion gallons of gasoline were
consumed.ʺ
2) People who donʹt go to the library are excluded.
3) The sample was too small.
4) The sample was too small.
5) This is not a random sample. The survey is based on voluntary, self-selected responses and therefore has serious
potential for bias.
6) The question is loaded. A more neutral way to phrase the question would be, for example, ʺDo you believe that gun
control laws should be strengthened, weakened, or left in their current form?ʺ
7) Answers will vary. Possible answer: This is a misleading use of percentages as 20% of the reduced workforce is
smaller than 20% of the original workforce. The company therefore did not hire as many new workers as it originally
laid off. The current workforce size is smaller than the size of the workforce before the layoffs.
2 Determine if a conclusion is valid.
1) This is not a random sample. The survey is based on voluntary, self-selected responses and therefore has serious
potential for bias.
2) The sample is biased. College students are not representative of the U.S. population as a whole.
3 Determine why a graph could be misleading.
1) The bars are not drawn in the correct proportions.
Page 42

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Progressive
Chile
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Progressive Chile
Author: Robert E. Mansfield
Release date: May 25, 2022 [eBook #68173]
Language: English
Original publication: United States: The Neale Publishing Company,

1913
Credits: Sonya Schermann and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK

PROGRESSIVE CHILE ***
PROGRESSIVE CHILE
A PAIR OF SPURS
Frontispiece
PROGRESSIVE CHILE
BY
ROBERT E. MANSFIELD
NEW YORK
THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
1913
Copyright, 1913, by
The Neale Publishing Company
TO
MY WIFE
PREFACE
In the following presentation of Progressive Chile, no effort has
been made to elaborate, to give undue coloring to the picture, or to
magnify its defects. It is a record of impressions gained from
personal observations, of the life and customs of the people in one of
the most enlightened, progressive and interesting countries in South
America.
To attempt to conceal from view, to obscure the unsightly spots
and blemishes that mar the social structure and disfigure the body
politic, or to unnecessarily expose the moral and social defects and
infirmities of a people who possess so many admirable qualities,
commendable characteristics and desirable accomplishments, would
be unjust, unfair.
The truth is not always pleasant reading, and it may seem unkind
to withhold the cup that patriotic pride demands. But let those who
know the real life of Chile pass judgment, and if from long
association they have not become so accustomed and inured to
national, social and political deficiencies as to regard them as
established and correct principles, they will agree with one who
regards the situation from an unprejudiced viewpoint.
R. E. M.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Geographical 11
Brief History 25
Indians 73
Classified Husbandmen 93
Habits and Customs 147
Religion 154
Superstitions 167
Marriages 172
Births and Deaths 179
Schools and Colleges 184
Language 189
Courts and Legal Procedure 191
Crime 201
Railways 211
Industrial Interests 221
Population and Colonization 231
Villages and Cities 235
The National Hymn 250
PROGRESSIVE CHILE
GEOGRAPHICAL
The Republic of Chile, beginning at latitude seventeen degrees,
and extending to the farthest southern limits of South America, forms
a narrow longitudinal strip of territory twenty-four hundred miles long,
and not exceeding two hundred miles in width in the extreme. It has
an area of 462,000 square miles, and a population of 3,500,000.
Nature has been prodigal in the bestowal of her varied gifts upon
Chile. Its geographical formation represents a huge serpent with its
sinewy form stretched along the west coast of the continent, its head
resting in the arid desert of Atacama, and its tail coiled about the
wood-crowned hills and ice-bound islands of Tierra del Fuego. Upon
one side loom the Andes Mountains, their snow-capped heads in the
clouds and their feet in the ocean; upon the other stretches the vast
expanse of the Pacific. Bordered as it is by the ocean on one side,
and including within its limits a range of mountains reaching in some
places an altitude of 24,000 feet, Chile presents a variety of
geological, geographical and climatic conditions possessed by few
countries in the world. Being isolated by great natural barriers it
faces away from all the centers of population and ancient homes of
civilization, and of all the countries of South America it occupies the
most unfavorable position geographically, and is the most
inaccessible from Europe, North America and the Ear East. But with
all its isolation, its long struggle to gain a place among civilized
nations, its history of cruel and uncivilized warfare, Chile possesses
natural resources and attractions which intervening years have made
known, and which in the short period of her national life have won for
this long neglected daughter of the Spanish colonial family, a
reputation for wealth and beauty that has given to it a fame as wide
as the world.
NAME.
The name of Chile is of doubtful origin. During the Inca epoch it
was called Tilli, that being the name of a powerful and popular
Araucanian chief. It was pronounced “tele,” which translated means
enemy. From changes in the pronunciation, the word was finally
converted into Chile. Some authorities say that the name is derived
from the Indian word “Tchile,” or “Techile,” which signifies cold,
having direct reference to the snows of the Cordilleras, or the
glaciers of the far south.
DIVISION OF TERRITORY.
Chile is divided into four zones,—“Mineral,” “Mineral and
Agricultural,” “Agricultural” and “Wooded and Fishing.”
In the region of the “Mineral” or north zone, extending from the
province of Coquimbo on the south to the extreme north of the
Republic, rain is unknown; there is very little moisture and scarcely
any water in the streams. As a result of the arid condition of this
territory there is little spontaneous or cultivated vegetation, and no
agricultural interests worthy of mention. But the five provinces
comprising the zone abound in minerals, and form conjointly with the
agricultural resources of other sections the productive wealth of
Chile. Among the products of this section are nitrate of soda and
guano in quantities sufficient to enrich the lands of the world; there
are also deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, quicksilver, zinc,
bismuth, iron, manganese and borax.
The provinces of Tarapaca and Antofagasta comprise the great
nitrate or saltpeter fields of South America, the richest and most
extensive in the world. The province of Tarapaca was acquired from
Peru, in the war with that country in 1879-81, and Antofagasta was
Bolivian territory previous to the same war. Until recent years this
arid region, designated as the pampa or “desierto de Atacama,” was
considered nonproductive and practically worthless. Now the
products of nitrate of soda alone amount to over 100,000,000
Chilean pesos annually, and comprise two-thirds of the export
business of the Republic. This mineral zone covers an area of
235,000 square miles and has a population of 355,000. The great
mineral wealth of the country is not limited to this particular section,
however, as gold and other minerals are found in a majority of the
provinces in Chile, and mines are worked from Tarapaca to Tierra del
Fuego.
It is within the limit of this zone that the once famous mines of
Chanarcillo and Copiapo are located, from which has been taken
millions of dollars worth of ore. But these and other silver mines,
once productive, have practically ceased to yield, from the lack of
application of modern mining methods, and the silver mining industry
has greatly depreciated in Chile in the last decade. Gold mining is
also less extensive than in former years, except in Tierra del Fuego,
and the product has greatly decreased in the northern zone.
With the decrease in gold and silver mining in the Mineral zone
has come increased interest in the production of copper, which now
forms eighty per cent. of the metal exports from Chile.
The Mineral and Agricultural zone may be defined as a section of
semi-mountainous, sparsely watered country, extending north from
Santiago, to the mineral zone. There are within the territory a
number of small streams extending from the mountains to the sea, in
the valleys of which are small farms, called “fundos.” There are few
towns of any consequence in that part of the country, no railways,
few improved roads, and communication between the coast and
interior is slow and difficult. Mule and burro trains are the common
method of transportation, while more rapid communication is made
on horseback.
The Agricultural, or central zone is the garden of Chile. It includes
twelve provinces, extending from Aconcagua on the north to the river
Bio Bio on the south, with an area of 75,000 square miles, and a
population of 1,800,000. About eighty per cent. of the people living in
this zone are engaged either directly or indirectly in agricultural
pursuits. In the northern part of this geographical division is
Valparaiso, the most important commercial center in the Republic; in
the center is Santiago, the beautiful capital city, and in the south,
situated on the Bio Bio is Concepcion, the third city in population and
importance in the country. In this section there is a copious rainfall
between the months of May and September, and consequently a
prolific growth of vegetation. Between the mountain ranges and hills
that crowd close down to the sea, are beautiful valleys, where wheat,
maize, barley, flax, oats, rye, all kinds of fruits, vegetables, and a
variety of grasses grow and mature well. From Santiago, extending
several hundred miles south are wide fertile valleys, high and low
table-lands, wonderfully productive and in a splendid state of
cultivation. This central valley of Chile, lying between the Andes and
the coast range, is a continuous garden of luxuriant beauty. The
cultivated loveliness of the private estates, which surround the
capital, offer a pleasing contrast to the sterner grandeur of mountain
forms and color with which it is enclosed. There are to be found the
ideal South American haciendas, where thousands of acres are
included in one domain, where the primitive system of cultivating the
land, introduced by the Spaniards when they came to the western
world, with few exceptions, still prevails. There is the one storied
castle-like residence of the proprietor, with its wide verandas, roomy
corridors, rambling rooms and beautiful patio. The house is often
surrounded by a magnificent garden and park, where graceful palms,
beautiful trees and brilliant flowers in great variety grow and bloom
the year round. There too, are vast herds of horses, cattle and other
domestic animals, all fat and sleek from feeding upon the rich
pasturage of irrigated “potreros” (fields). Farther south in this zone,
the semi-tropical appearance of the northern regions give place to
wood-crowned hills and streams fringed with forest trees. Rains are
more frequent and the growth of vegetation more general and
prolific. Vast farms extend in every direction. Stolid oxen, drawing
primitive plows or carts, plod through fallow fields, and the
mountains, which are always in sight, give up their solitude in scenes
of domesticity and peaceful industry.
The wooded or southern zone, includes all the territory from the
river Bio Bio, south to Cape Horn, and forms the least developed
portion of Chile. In the southern provinces are vast virgin forests, rich
in varied resources, awaiting commercial development. In some
sections of the country the forests, overrun with creepers, are so
dense that they form an almost impenetrable jungle, where the
sunlight never penetrates, and where twilight lingers throughout the
entire day. In these forests are various woods of excellent quality,
including oak, cypress, lingue (the bark of which makes excellent
tanning material), rauli, redwood, laurel, resin pine, poplar, and
quillai, the bark of which is exported in large quantities, and is used
as a mordant for dyeing.
Sawmills have been established in recent years, and are now in
operation in the timber districts of southern Chile, but the lumber
industry, which promises to become one of the important commercial
interests of the country, is only in its infancy. In fact the mills have so
far made practically no impression upon the forests, their cuttings
being limited to choice timber along the streams and water-ways
where transportation facilities are good.
In addition to the valuable timber interests and great agricultural
resources of southern Chile, it possesses large deposits of coal,
gold, iron ores, Portland cement, roofing slate and other minerals,
awaiting development. On the plains and in the valleys luxuriant
vegetation develops annually and remains to enrich the soil for the
use of future generations. Unexplored hills and mountains, hoarding
a wealth of minerals, await the ambitious prospector and industrious
miner. In the sands of Tierra del Fuego is gold to gladden the hearts
of men, and the forests contain material for lumber sufficient to
supply the demands of the continent. In this subdivision there are
also extensive fisheries and oyster beds. Along the coast, rugged
hills that reach down to the sea are covered with forest trees, and on
the Cordilleras near the southern limits of the continent, vegetation
extends up to an altitude where virgin snows and verdant green
meet and mingle in strange contrast. In the mountain and forest
solitudes of this undeveloped region, are many lakes, resting like
emerald settings in the landscape. Viewed from the sea the scenery
along the coast of southern Chile presents a picturesque
appearance. The Andes Mountains, grand and imposing, form a
splendid background for the verdant forests forming the shore line.
This range of mountains constitutes a conspicuous physical feature
of the continent. To the south it crowds close upon the Pacific, and
throughout the length of Chile the Cordilleras cover a double series
of highly elevated summits enclosing longitudinal valleys within the
region of perpetual snow. On the western range there are three
smaller mid-land mountain chains called the “Cordillera Maritima,”
running parallel with the Andean, between which are numerous well-
watered valleys possessing a delightfully equable climate. From any
of these valleys the giant peaks of the Andes, royally crowned and
ermine robed are plainly visible. And as the day-god rides over them,
touching their white crests with fingers of gold, the scenes presented
are wonderful in variety and spectacular effect.
RIVERS AND WATERWAYS.

The rivers in Chile all have their source in the Andes and empty
into the Pacific. Unvexed by fretting wheels of commerce, they flow
peacefully on from mountains to the sea. The distance being short
and the declivity great, the current of the streams is swift, affording
excellent power for manufacturing purposes. Sometimes in the rainy
season, when the rivers are flushed from excessive rains, or in
summer when their waters are augmented by melting snows, they
become raging torrents, sweeping everything before them, frequently
causing much loss of life and great damage to property. Among the
more important rivers in Chile are the Aconcagua, Mapocho, Maipo,
Cachapoal, Tinguiririca, Teno, Lontue, Mataquito, Rapel, Claro,
Maule, Nuble, and Bio Bio. Some of these rivers are navigable for
light-draft vessels for a short distance from the sea, but the winding
course of the streams, irregular depth of water and the swift current
make traffic unsafe, impracticable and unprofitable. The most
peculiar and complicated river system on the continent is formed by
the converging of the numerous streams that empty into the bay of
Corral, near Valdivia. In some places as many as four rivers
converge at one point. The scenery along these rivers presents a
panorama of constantly changing views. Wooded hills rise abruptly
along the banks, and in many places trees lean out over the
streams, in the crystal waters of which are reflected their inverted
images. Islands, overrun with creepers and brilliant with the scarlet
bloom of coiphues and fuchsias, and the yellow hues of goldenrod,
are some of the features of the picturesque scenery along this
peculiar river system.
The fact that the rivers of Chile afford practically no transportation
facilities is a matter of little commercial importance, because of the
narrow territorial limits of the country from east to west, the general
course of all the streams. As a compensation for this lack of natural
transportation routes to the interior, the coast of southern Chile is a
succession of bays, sounds, gulfs and channels, including the
historic Straits of Magellan, which separate Tierra del Fuego from the
mainland, and Smyth’s Channel, dangerous to navigate because of
the swift currents flowing through the narrow, tortuous ways. In many
places along the coast the descent of the shore is so abrupt that
heavy-draft vessels are enabled to pass within a few yards of the
embankments, and directly under overhanging trees. This southern
archipelago, with its hundreds of islands, presents a panorama of
scenes peculiarly picturesque and interesting. Among the more
important islands of the coast are Chiloe, the original habitat of the
potato, Wellington, Hanover, Queen Adelaide, St. Ines, and
Desolation, so-called because of the lack of vegetation and desolate
aspect of this long narrow strip of land lying at the western entrance
to the Straits of Magellan. In some of the narrow channels separating
the islands from the mainland and from each other, the currents are
so swift, the waters so disturbed and the storms so fierce in certain
seasons, that the sea seems a boiling, seething caldron, terrifying to
passengers and mariners on passing ships. But those dangerous
passages add a fascinating feature to the scenic effects of the most
picturesque portion of the coast country.
The Straits of Magellan are a wise and beneficent provision of
nature, forming a great canal or natural transportation route across
the southern portion of the continent, connecting the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans. Ships pass through the Straits instead of around
Cape Horn, one of the most dangerous seas in the world to navigate.
The Andean range of mountains, extending from the Arctic Ocean,
and stretching its vast, rugged length across the two Americas, ends
at the Straits, Mount Victoria, a massive pile of gleaming ice and
snow, being the last link in the jagged chain. South of the Straits is
Tierra del Fuego, “Land of Fire,” the hills and mountains of which,
including the great pyramidal cone of Mount Sarmiento, perpetually
covered with a mantle of snow, stretch away hundreds of miles to
Cape Horn, the most southern point of the Continent.
The scenery as well as the topographical and geographical
conditions of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, in fact all the southern
archipelago, are different from those in the arctic regions. There is
more vegetation and a greater variety of scenery than in the coast
countries of a corresponding latitude north. There are the beauties of
the Thousand Islands, and Darwin, in describing a voyage through
the Straits, compared the glaciers of Tierra del Fuego to a thousand
frozen Niagaras. All the beautiful tints and combinations of coloring
to be found in lakes Como and Lucerne, of the Mediterranean and
the bay of Naples, are equaled, if not surpassed by, the hues
reflected in the deep waters of those channels. Huge glaciers
crowding down into the sea; giant rocks, rising like sheer walls of
masonry for thousands of feet above the water, sometimes ending in
shapes resembling church pinnacles and cathedral domes;
mountains, whose forest-fringed bases are washed by the sea, their
snow-mantled heads in the clouds; islands, frosted with snow and
bejeweled with ice, in which is mingled the hues of gray-green moss
and verdant vegetation; numerous winding, tortuous water-ways,
dividing the islands from each other and separating them from the
mainland, are some of the features of the panoramic view of coast-
line, mountains and islands, presented in a landscape that is
wonderfully picturesque and prepossessing. When storms sweep
through these narrow channels, driving seas mountain-high against
rocky shores, increasing the force of natural currents, obscuring the
view with a shroud of snow and sleet and mist, a wild aspect is
added to the scene. Mountains and islands rise ghostlike out of the
water, their forms dimly outlined against the angry sky; and the din of
booming seas and swiftly rushing waters adds terrifying confusion to
the dangers of navigation.

Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers 12th Edition Billstein Test Bank instant download all chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers 12th Edition Billstein Test Bank instant download all chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Problem Solving Approach to

Mathematics for Elementary School

Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary

Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary

Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary

Reconceptualizing Mathematics for Elementary School

Mathematics for Elementary Teachers 5th Edition

Mathematics for Elementary Teachers 5th Edition

Mathematics in Action Algebraic Graphical and

Mathematics in Action Algebraic Graphical and

Provide an appropriate response.

2 Determine if a question is biased. (no exercises available)

3 Analyze an experiment and determine likely errors.

Provide an appropriate response.

4 Determine if a sample is representative of a population.

Provide an appropriate response.

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Use the statistical display to answer the question.

(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)

How many licenses are issued in July?

2) Marriage Licenses Issued

(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)

3) Marriage Licenses Issued

(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)

5) Marriage Licenses Issued

(Each ○ represents 20,000 licenses)

How many more licenses are issued in June than in July?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Construct the requested statistical display.

Use the statistical display to answer the question.

What are the low and high scores?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

What are the outliers?

What is the most frequent score?

What cluster has the highest scores?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Construct the requested statistical display.

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Use the figure to answer the question.

What does 12 5 represent on the plot?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the most frequent weight?

Which interval has the most students in it?

What is the difference between the lowest and highest weights?

Male Stem Female

What is does 6 5 represent on the plot?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Male Stem Female

Which interval has the most students in it?

Male Stem Female

Which gender has the tallest student?

Male Stem Female

Which gender has the greatest average height?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Construct the requested statistical display.

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

How many employees earn at least $4 and less than $6 an hour?

How many employees earn at least $6 and less than $8 an hour?

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Construct the requested statistical display.

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Use the figure to answer the question.