Kenneth Christian Namocatcat

BSEd – Social Studies 1-2

EDUC 1

1) Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development

Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, proposed that human

development occurs in stages based on the focus of the libido, or sexual
energy. He believed that successful completion of each stage leads to healthy
personality development, while unresolved conflicts in a particular stage can
result in fixation and problems later in life.

Here are Freud's five stages of psychosexual development:

Oral Stage (birth to 1 year): In this stage, the infant's primary source of
pleasure and gratification is the mouth, through activities such as sucking and
biting. Successful resolution of this stage involves the development of trust
and the ability to form healthy attachments with caregivers.

Anal Stage (1 to 3 years): During this stage, the child's focus shifts to the
anus, and pleasure is derived from the act of elimination and control over
bodily functions. Successful resolution involves the development of a healthy
sense of autonomy and independence, as well as the ability to follow rules
and regulations.

Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years): In this stage, the focus of pleasure shifts to the
genitals, and the child becomes aware of gender differences. The Oedipus or
Electra complex may occur during this stage, where the child experiences
unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent and hostility towards
the same-sex parent. Successful resolution of this stage involves the
development of a healthy gender identity and the ability to form healthy
relationships with both parents.

Latency Stage (6 to 12 years): During this stage, there is a relative calm in

psychosexual development as the child's libido is suppressed. The child
focuses on developing social skills and engaging in activities such as school
and hobbies.

Genital Stage (puberty to adulthood): This stage marks the reawakening of

sexual impulses and the emergence of mature sexual desires. Successful
resolution of this stage involves the ability to form healthy adult relationships
and to contribute to society in meaningful ways.

It's important to note that Freud's theory has been criticized for its emphasis
 on sexuality and its lack of empirical evidence. Nevertheless, his theory has
had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continues to be studied
and debated by psychologists today.

2) Freud's Personality Component

Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of personality that included three main

components: the id, the ego, and the superego.

The Id: The id is the most primitive and instinctual part of the personality. It is
the source of our most basic drives and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and
sexual desire. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate
gratification of its desires and impulses without regard for consequences or
morality.

The Ego: The ego is the rational, conscious part of the personality that tries to
balance the demands of the id and the realities of the external world. The ego
operates on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy the id's desires in ways that
are safe and socially acceptable. The ego also helps us to navigate the
demands and challenges of our environment by using reason, planning, and
problem-solving.

The Superego: The superego is the moral component of the personality,

representing our internalized values and ideals. It is formed through our
experiences with authority figures and society, and it provides a sense of right
and wrong, guilt and shame. The superego operates on the morality principle,
seeking to control and limit the id's impulses and desires, often through
feelings of guilt or shame.

3) Topographical Model

A topographical model is a representation of a physical space or terrain that

displays its features and elevations. It is commonly used in cartography,
geography, and geology to study and analyze natural and man-made
landscapes.

Topographical models can be created using various methods, including

photogrammetry, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), and GPS (Global
Positioning System) data. These methods allow for the collection of accurate
information about the shape, elevation, and other features of a given area.

The resulting topographical model can be displayed as a 3D representation, a

contour map, or a relief map. These representations provide valuable
information about the physical characteristics of the terrain, including the
height and slope of the land, the presence of water bodies, and the location of
various landmarks and structures.

Topographical models have a wide range of applications, including land-use

planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management. They can be
used to analyze and predict changes in the landscape over time and to plan
for the development of infrastructure and other projects in a given area.