Entamoeba histolytica

Presentation group 17.

Introduction
• Entamoeba histolytica is an invasive, pathogenic
protozoan causing amoebiasis ,which is basically
an acute disease acquired by .,fecal oral
transmission ,exposure to endemic areas and
swimming in contaminated water's.
• Clinical manifestation range from the asymptomatic
carrier state to dysenteric symptoms represented
by abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.
Intro con't....
• The organism can be prevalent in cold as well as
tropical and sub-tropical regions that have
contaminated water's
• In fact the E.histolytica is an important cause of
morbidity and /or mortality wherever sewage
facilities are inadequate(WHO)
Epidemiology
• Approximately 4 to 10% of this amoeba infection
develop clinical symptoms within a year and
amoebic dysentery is considered as the third
leading cause of death from parasitic diseases
world wide after malaria and schistosomiasis
(Mortimer and Chadee,2010.Ghasemi et al,2015).
• It is told to infect about 10% of the world's
population (Who)
Epidemiology cont...
• The worldwide incidence of E-histolytica is more
likely estimated to be 5 million cases annually, with
global mortality around 100,000 persons per
annum(jackson)
• with the infection,90%of individuals undertake a
non-invasive infection while 10% of individuals
undertake an invasive infection of the E.histolytica.
Epid cont....
• The E.histolytica is a pathogenic protozoan present
in the mucosa and sub mucosa of the large
intestine
• it has three stages
• Trophozoite(invasive form of the parasite)
• Precyst(intermediate stage between trophozoite
and cyst)
• cyst(infective form of parasite)
Epid cont...
Trophozoite(cytoplasm) contains
both ectoplasm ,which is
granular and an endoplasm
which contains ingested RBC.
Mature
quadrinucleated cyst
Present only in the gut lumen .
covered with smooth chitinous
wall, which provides resistance
against gastric acid and other
adverse conditions.
Diseases
• EXTRA-INTESTINE
• Amoebic liver abscess
-single or multiple abscess found most common in
posterior-superior surface of right lobe of the liver.
Complication
Secondary bacterial infection
Rupture into the pleural space(empyema)
Rupture in to the pericardium(pericarditis)
Diseases cont..
Image of the Amoebic liver
abscess
Diseases cont...
• Cerebral amoebiasis
• Cardiac amoebiasis
• Genital-urinary amoebiasis
• Cutaneous amoebiasis
Diseases cont...
• INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS
-chronic amoebiasis
-perinatal skin ulcers
-amoebic pertonitis
Mode of transmission
◼Fecal-oral route (most common)
◼Sexual contact (rare)
◼Vector (very rare)
Signs and symptoms
• INTESTINAL AMOEBIASOS
-Non-dysenteric amoebic colitis
Intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain
-Acute amoebic dysentery(most common form)
acute onset of abdominal pain fever and
tenderness of rectal tenesmus
stool contains blood and mucus
Signs and symptoms cont...
• HEPATIC AMOEBIASIS
• Non-supportive amoebic hepatitis
• Amoebic liver
Most common extra-intestinal amoebiasis
Occurs in 10 -50% of invasive amoebiasis
High fever and right upper abdominal pain.
Preventive control
• Individual prophylaxis
1.improved personal hygiene
2.safe drinking water
Community prophylaxis
1.sanitary disposal of faces
2.prevention of decal contamination of water
3.better management of cases and carriers
Treatment
• LUMINAL AMOEBICIDES
-diloxanide furoate
-Iodoquinol
-Paromomycin
TISSUE AMOEBICIDES (all tissues)
-Metronidazole
-Tinidozole
-Emetine hydrochloride
Treat cont...
• LIVER ONLY
-chloroquine
INTESTINAL WALL ONLY
-Tetracycline
-Erythromycin
GC#214233 & GC#214234

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