2.

1 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM: DATE:
To construct a half-wave rectifier circuit and analyze its output with and without filter.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To impart adequate knowledge on electronic devices and circuits.

COURSE OUTCOME: Developing Power Supply Circuits.
LEARNING OUTCOME: Competency in designing, constructing, analyzing, and troubleshooting half wave rectifier
circuits, and applications in converting alternating current to direct current.

EQUIPMENT:
S.NO NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY
1 PN-Diode IN4001 1
2 Decade Resistance Box 1KΩ 1
3 Voltmeter 0-30V DC 1
4 Ammeter 0-20mA DC 1
5 Transformer(step down) 230V/0-9V 1
6 Capacitor 1000µF/16V 1
7 Dual trace CRO 20MHz 1
8 Bread board 1
9 Connecting wires As per
Requirement

THEORY:
A device is capable of converting a sinusoidal input waveform into a unidirectional waveform with non zero average
component is called a rectifier.
One of the very important applications of diode is in DC power supply as a rectifier to convert AC into DC. DC Power
supply is the important element of any electronic equipment. This is because it provides power to energize all electronic
circuits like oscillators, amplifiers and so on. In electronic equipments, D.C. power supply is must. For example, we can’t
think of television, computer, radio, telephone, mobile as well as measuring instruments like CRO, multi-meter etc. without
DC power supply. The reliability and performance of the electronic system proper design of power supply is necessary.

In half wave rectifier only half cycle of applied AC voltage is used. Another half cycle of AC voltage (negative cycle) is
not used. Only one diode is used which conducts during positive cycle. The circuit diagram of half wave rectifier without
capacitor is shown in the following figure. During positive half cycle of the input voltage anode of the diode is positive
compared with the cathode. Diode is in forward bias and current passes through the diode and positive cycle develops
across the load resistance RL. During negative half cycle of input voltage, anode is negative with respected to cathode and
diode is in reverse bias. No current passes through the diode hence output voltage is zero.
RIPPLE FACTOR:
As the voltage across the load resistor is only present during the positive half of the cycle, the resultant voltage is "ON"
and "OFF" during every cycle resulting in a low average dc value. This variation on the rectified waveform is called
"Ripple" and is an undesirable feature. The ripple factor is a measure of purity of the d.c. output of a rectifier and is

defined a
Vm Vm
Vrms¿ 2 and Vdc¿ ❑
Ripple factor r =√ (V rms /V dc ) −1=1.21
2

Vrms = rms value of input, Vdc = Average value of input and Vm = peak value of output.

RECTIFICATION EFFICIENCY:
Rectification efficiency, η, is a measure of the percentage of total a.c. power input converted to useful d.c. power output.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT FILTER

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITH FILTER

PROCEDURE: (WITHOUT FILTER)

1. Connecting the circuit on bread board as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the primary of the transformer to main supply i.e. 230V, 50Hz.
3. Connect the decade resistance box and set the RL value to 1000Ω (1KΩ)
4. Connect the Multimeter at output terminals and vary the load resistance (DRB) from 100Ω to 1KΩ and note
down the Vac and Vdc as per given tabular form.
5. Disconnect load resistance (DRB) and note down no load voltage Vdc (V no load)
6. Connect load resistance at 1KΩ and connect Channel – II of CRO at output terminals and CH – I of
CRO at Secondary Input terminals observe and note down the Input and Output Wave form on Graph
Sheet.

PROCEDURE: (WITH CAPACITOR FILTER)

1. Connecting the circuit on bread board as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the primary of the transformer to main supply i.e. 230V, 50Hz.
3. Connect a capacitor (1000µF) across the resistor.
3. Connect the decade resistance box and set the RL value to 1000Ω (1KΩ)
4. Connect the Multimeter at output terminals and vary the load resistance (DRB) from 100Ω to 1KΩ and note
down the Vac and Vdc as per given tabular form.
5. Disconnect load resistance (DRB) and note down no load voltage Vdc (V no load)
6. Connect load resistance at 1KΩ and connect Channel – II of CRO at output terminals and CH – I of
CRO at Secondary Input terminals observe and note down the Input and Output Wave form on Graph
Sheet.

Without Filter:

Ripple Factor:
Regulation:

With Capacitor Filter:

Ripple Factor:
Regulation:

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check the wires for continuity before use.

2. Keep the power supply at Zero volts before Start.
3. All the contacts must be intact.
 TABULAR FORMS:
WITHOUT FILTER:

O/P Voltage (Vo) Ripple factor=

Load Resistance % Regulation=
S.No Vac/Vdc
RL (Ω)  VNL-VFL/VNL*100
Vac (V) Vdc (V)
1 100
2 200
3 300
4 400
5 500
6 600
7 700
8 800
9 900
10 1K

WITH CAPACITOR FILTER:

O/P Voltage (Vo) Ripple factor=

Load Resistance % Regulation=
S.No Vac/Vdc
RL (Ω)  VNL-VFL/VNL*100
Vac (V) Vdc (V)
1 100
2 200
3 300
4 400
5 500
6 600
7 700
8 800
9 900
10 1K
WAVEFORMS

Half wave rectifier waveforms

PRE-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS

1. What is a rectifier
2. How Diode acts as a rectifier?
3. What is meant by ripple factor?
4. What is meant by regulation?

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1. What is the maximum efficiency (η) of a half wave rectifier?

2. What is the objective of the experiment?
3. Define the efficiency of the rectifier?
 RESULT:

Signature of the Faculty

EVALUATION:

Marks
Description Marks Awarded
Allotted
Identification 3
operation 3
Performance / result &
4
viva-voce.
TOTAL 10

MINI PROJECT (STUDENT ACTIVITY)

APPLICATIONS:

1. Low power simple battery charger circuit.

2. Pulse Generator Circuits.
3. Signal demodulation circuits.
4. Firing circuits.
5. Soldering Iron circuit.
6. Amplitude Modulation (AM) Radio circuits as a Detector.