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CHAPTER 7: International Organizations and Transnational Actors
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which human rights NGO publicized the arrest of an outspoken critic of Gaddafi’s rule in Libya and
later provided much of the information relied upon by international media and governments?
a. Medicins Sans Frontiere
b. International Red Cross
c. Amnesty International
d. Oxfam
ANS: C REF: 194 NOT: Factual
2. Which actor consists of at least three nation-states?

a. Nongovernment organizations
b. Red Cross
c. International governmental organizations
d. Transnational organizations
ANS: C REF: 195 NOT: Conceptual
3. Which statement(s) is (are) true about IGOs?

a. There are thousands of IGOs in the world today.
b. IGOs generally have permanent secretariats or bureaucracies.
c. Their membership consists of three or more nation-states.
d. All of the above are true about IGOs.
ANS: D REF: 195 NOT: Applied
4. Which of the following is a regional security IGO?

a. World Trade Organization
b. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
c. U.N. Security Council
d. Human Rights Watch
ANS: B REF: 196 NOT: Applied
5. A transnational corporation can be characterized as

a. an organization dedicated to a common global goal.
b. a humanitarian NGO.
c. a company with headquarters operations in multiple locations.
d. a company with sales and production present in more than one country.
ANS: D REF: 197 NOT: Conceptual
6. The primary difference between an international governmental organization and a nongovernmental

organization is
a. the geographic region in which they are located.
b. whether states or private actors are members.
c. the global reach of the organization.
d. the focus of their work.
ANS: B REF: 197 NOT: Conceptual
7. Which part of the United Nations has as its main purpose the creation of a forum for debate on global
issues and to express international consensus?
a. General Assembly
b. Security Council
c. International Court of Justice
d. Food and Agricultural Organization
ANS: A REF: 197 NOT: Applied
8. Which of the following theories claims that states form IGOs because it is in their interest to do so, as
they help to solve problems more easily and less expensively?
a. Liberal institutionalism
b. Constructivism
c. Structuralism
d. Complex interdependency
ANS: A REF: 197 NOT: Conceptual
9. Which of the following concepts refer to efforts needed to negotiate and organize collaboration?
a. Arbitration
b. Synchronicity
c. Transaction costs
d. Mediation
10. Which of the following IGOs reduces transaction costs by providing an ongoing procedure for over a
hundred countries to coordinate their tariffs with each other?
a. International Monetary Fund
b. World Trade Organization
c. World Bank
d. International Court of Justice
11. In liberal theory, international organizations address which of the following problems for states trying
to solve collective action problems?
a. Transaction costs
b. Monitoring
c. Information gathering
d. All of the above are true.
12. A major objective of the United Nations is to

a. solve global environmental problems.
b. protect the world’s children.
c. promote peace and development.
d. solve the crisis in the Middle East.
ANS: C REF: 198 NOT: Applied
13. Making international decisions by negotiation and agreement between state representatives is called
a. intergovernmentalism.
b. transaction costs.
c. arbitration.
d. good offices.
14. Delegating international decisions to an international organization is called

a. illegitimate.
b. democratic deficit.
c. supranationalism.
d. world governmentalism.
15. The principle that any issue that can be dealt with adequately at the national level should be left to that
level is called
a. federalism.
b. conferederalism.
c. subsidiarity.
d. unicameralism.
16. The European Union is best described as a __________.

a. Transnational corporation
b. Transnational advocacy network
c. Regional international governmental organization (IGO)
d. Global IGO
ANS: C REF: 198 | 207 NOT: Applied
17. A founding principle of the United Nations highlights the importance of

a. global peace.
b. economic development.
c. nongovernmental organizations.
d. state sovereignty.
18. The voting framework for the General Assembly of the United Nations is based on
a. the veto power of the great powers.
b. one state, one vote.
c. the economic share of the world’s regions.
d. the victorious countries following World War II.
ANS: B REF: 200 NOT: Factual
19. Resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly

a. are considered international law.
b. have limited legal authority.
c. are dependent upon Security Council approval.
d. immediately alter the course of world events.
20. Many countries are late in paying their membership dues to the United Nations. What is the percentage
of those members who fail to pay their dues in full and on time?
a. 20 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 60 percent
d. 80 percent
ANS: D REF: 200 NOT: Factual
21. President __________, who played a major role in setting up the U.N., recognized that the
organization would never work if the “great powers” could be outvoted by the smaller ones.
a. Woodrow Wilson
b. Franklin Roosevelt
c. John F. Kennedy
d. Herbert Hoover
22. Which of the following was not an original permanent member of the United Nations Security
Council?
a. United Kingdom
b. Soviet Union
c. Germany
d. France
23. The main purpose of the General Assembly is to

a. pass laws.
b. end conflict.
c. provide a forum for debate on global issues.
d. provide humanitarian assistance to those in need.
24. The United Nations General Assembly’s power is actually very clear over which of the following?
a. Over convening binding arbitration panels to resolve conflicts
b. Over the U.N. budget
c. Over resolutions calling for collective security actions against aggressing states
d. Over handling of trust territories
25. The U.N. failed to intervene in 1994 in __________, in which over 800,000 people were killed, mostly
with clubs and machetes.
a. Yugoslavia
b. Sudan
c. Rwanda
d. Zimbabwe
26. What part of the United Nations performs organizational, budgetary, translation, research, and other
support services and administers decisions?
a. General Assembly
b. Security Council
c. Secretariat
d. Parliament
27. The ten nonpermanent members of the United Nations are elected to
a. two-year terms by the General Assembly.
b. four-year terms by the General Assembly.
c. two-year terms by the Security Council.
d. four-year terms by the Security Council.
ANS: A REF: 203 NOT: Factual
28. The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is

a. Kofi Annan.
b. Jimmy Carter.
c. Ban Ki-moon.
d. Nelson Mandela.
29. Which United Nations component is the only one which permits its members to have veto power?
a. General Assembly
b. Security Council
c. Secretariat of the UN
d. International Court of Justice
30. As established, the purpose of the Security Council is to

a. prevent conflict in the world by performing deterrent, peacekeeping, and negotiating
functions.
b. distribute wealth from the rich to the poor countries.
c. protect the interests of the industrialized countries of the world.
d. create and sustain a large, though ineffective, UN bureaucracy.
31. Second generation peacekeeping has as an objective all of the following except
a. offering humanitarian relief.
b. running elections.
c. protecting civilians.
d. remaining neutral in conflicts.
32. Most of the recent deployments of UN peacekeeping forces have been in response to
a. international wars.
b. wars mainly occurring in Europe.
c. civil wars within collapsing states.
d. wars focusing heavily on self-defense.
33. Peacekeeping missions are most likely to succeed when

a. the United States decides to provide its own troops.
b. NATO forces join with UN peacekeeping forces.
c. the conflict is very small and limited.
d. the conflicting parties hope to avoid conflict.
34. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and World
Health Organization (WHO) are examples of
a. nongovernmental organizations associated with the United Nations.
b. specialized agencies of the United Nations.
c. organizations established by the European Union.
d. agencies under the management of the U.S. Department of State.
ANS: B REF: 204 | 206 NOT: Applied
35. Some people view the United Nations as dangerous. Evidence of this point of view can be found in
a. the Left Behind series of novels.
b. the religious Right.
c. the extreme Left.
d. the Third World.
36. Why do some people believe the United Nations is irrelevant?

a. They believe that it is not a respected organization because the United States has too
much power.
b. They believe it is irrelevant because it is too large.
c. They believe it has little legal or military power to compel other actors.
d. They believe NATO and the EU are more powerful and useful organizations.
37. The author presents all of the following views of the United Nations’ future except
a. world government.
b. tool for states.
c. eventual collapse.
d. source of norms.
ANS: C REF: 206 | 207 NOT: Applied
38. The original institution that led to the formation of the European Union was
a. the United Nations.
b. NATO.
c. the World Bank.
d. the European Coal and Steel Community.
39. Which international relations theoretical perspective best explains the United Nations as a source of
international norms?
a. Constructivism
b. Realism
c. Liberalism
d. Economic structuralism
40. The European Union was established in order to

a. offset the power and wealth of the United States.
b. promote peace by binding countries together economically.
c. be the first step toward a world government.
d. create a European military to fight global terrorism.
41. Which of the following IGOs has pushed the bounds of international collaboration further than any
other IGO?
a. United Nations
b. World Trade Organization
c. International Monetary Fund
d. European Union
42. The European Coal and Steel Community eventually became the
a. United Nations.
b. World Trade Organization (WTO).
c. European Union.
d. G-8.
43. __________ is the concept used in the formation of the European Union that focused on how each step
would build an interest in collaboration, leading to demands for further steps.
a. Spillover
b. Incrementalism
c. Evolutionary
d. Rationality
ANS: A REF: 207 | 208 NOT: Conceptual
44. Which of the following states was not an original signatory to the Treaty of Rome?
a. Italy
b. Belgium
c. Great Britain
d. West Germany
45. The significance of the Treaty of Rome was its role in

a. establishing the European Union.
b. establishing the European Parliament.
c. establishing the European Constitution.
d. establishing the Westphalian state system.
46. The evolution of the European Union focused on these two processes.
a. Financial and political
b. Military and financial
c. Widening and deepening
d. Global and regional
ANS: C REF: 208 | 209 NOT: Conceptual
47. By 2007, how many states were members of the European Union?
a. 10
b. 15
c. 20
d. 27
48. The Common Market includes all of the following stages of economic integration except
a. removal of tariffs among members.
b. harmonizing of regulations.
c. common external tariff.
d. free movement of labor and capital.
49. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty stated as its goal the

a. establishment of a single currency.
b. maintenance of distinct foreign policy positions of all member states.
c. writing of a new constitution.
d. provision of separate tariff and non-tariff barriers between countries.
50. The Free Trade Area involves which of the following stages of economic integration?
a. Removal of tariffs among members
b. Harmonizing of regulations
c. Common external tariff
d. Free movement of labor and capital
51. Tariffs inside the European Economic Community were reduced to allow for the countries to move
toward a single integrated, economic space known as the
a. Common Market.
b. Council.
c. customs union.
d. spillover.
52. Britain became a member of the EU in

a. 1962.
b. 1952.
c. 1972.
d. 1975.
53. A common external tariff toward all countries outside the community is also called
a. a customs union.
b. a blockade.
c. a spillover.
d. good governance.
54. The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, relations with Russia, and policy toward the global financial
crisis have all been characterized by
a. divisions between Europe and the United States.
b. agreement between Europe and the United States.
c. strong support from Europe for U.S. policies.
d. strong opposition from all EU member states.
55. Europe’s single currency, the euro, has to some extent

a. failed as a common currency.
b. decreased its value relative to the dollar.
c. not been sought after by other investors and businesses.
d. displaced the dollar as the standard currency for international transactions.
56. Which of the following countries has not adopted the euro?
a. France
b. Italy
c. Great Britain
d. Germany
57. The __________ branch of the EU represents the governments of the member states.
a. European Commission
b. Council
c. European Parliament
d. European Court of Justice
58. According to the Lisbon Treaty, the President of the EU Council will
a. serve a four-year term.
b. serve a two-and-a-half-year term.
c. will rotate every six months.
d. serve a three-year term.
59. The European Commission is analogous to

a. the cabinet in a domestic government.
b. the executive branch in a domestic government.
c. the legislature in a domestic government.
d. the Supreme Court in a domestic government.
60. Members of the European Parliament are

a. selected by the European Commission.
b. chosen by each European government.
c. elected directly by the citizens.
d. selected by representatives of the UN and the European Union.
61. Half of the European Union budget consists of

a. military expansion.
b. agricultural subsidies.
c. social welfare expenditures.
d. education and health expenditures.
62. Today, transnational actors

a. do not include international terrorist groups.
b. are declining in influence.
c. are limited in scope by recent EU initiatives.
d. are rapidly changing international politics.
63. Although transnational corporations (TNCs) have existed for hundreds of years, today’s TNCs are
different in terms of
a. pursuing global strategies for production, sales, research, and investment.
b. targeting only a few regions of the world.
c. having most of their products manufactured in just a few countries.
d. remaining politically neutral in most instances.
64. Most governments today tend to

a. avoid inviting transnational corporations into their country.
b. welcome the arrival of transnational corporations into their country.
c. exert almost complete control over the investments of transnational corporations.
d. cooperate with only a few transnational corporations.
65. One early transnational actor, the Hudson Bay Company, was first established to exploit a demand for
a. fur.
b. tea.
c. spices.
d. rum.
66. The process of forcing foreign companies to sell their investments for less than they are worth is
known as
a. divestment.
b. disinvestment.
c. expropriation.
d. privatization.
67. The main difference between foreign companies that invest in “portfolio investments” and those that
invest in “bricks and mortar” investments concerns the
a. total value of the investment.
b. mobility of the assets.
c. degree to which countries can regulate those investments.
d. origin of those investments.
68. One of the major issues concerning the political impact of transnational corporations is that they
a. strengthen the political independence of countries.
b. are major supporters of the spread of global democracy.
c. effectively erode state sovereignty.
d. are eager to cooperate with international organizations on the environment.
69. Which organizations act across national boundaries to pursue political, social, or cultural goals?
a. International governmental organizations
b. Transnational corporations
c. National states
d. Transnational advocacy networks
ANS: D REF: 217 | 218 NOT: Conceptual
70. All of the following international organizations are transnational advocacy networks except
a. Human Rights Watch.
b. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
c. Greenpeace.
d. Doctors Without Borders.
71. Many transnational advocacy networks perform a function that identifies and publicizes government
shortcomings so that others can promote accountability. This function is known as
a. a watchdog.
b. a whistleblower.
c. spillover.
d. good governance.
72. To a great extent, transnational advocacy networks do all of the following functions except
a. provide financial backing for resolving global problems.
b. set the agenda for other governments.
c. define the key issues which affect other actors.
d. promote global norms.
ANS: A REF: 218 | 219 NOT: Applied
73. Foreign governments often are more likely to work with transnational advocacy networks (TANs)
rather than other governments because they perceive TANs as being
a. incompetent.
b. politically weak.
c. neutral in the conflict.
d. wealthy and willing to provide support.
74. While the size of the state sphere has stayed constant or diminished, the size of the nonstate sphere has
increased dramatically. This has caused some to argue that
a. states are no longer interested in power.
b. the Westphalian state system may be ending.
c. military power is no longer important.
d. states are choosing to give up their power to international organizations.
75. Those who are skeptical about the demise of the Westphalian system believe
a. that the state will survive because it has a monopoly on the use of force.
b. that the state will eventually take back its power.
c. that the state will survive because nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and
international governmental organizations (IGOs) lack funding.
d. that IGOs and NGOs will eventually grow tired of running the system.
ESSAY
1. What are the main defining characteristics of international governmental organizations (IGOs) and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? How are they different? In what ways are they similar?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
2. How are transnational advocacy networks able to influence governments? Provide at least three
methods of influence. Give examples to illustrate your views.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
3. Compare and contrast the roles and powers of the United Nations’ General Assembly and Security
Council? Which powers of the two bodies do you believe deserve augmenting? Why?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
4. Discuss the historical evolution of the European Union. What were the main motivating factors behind
the creation and growth of the European Union?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
5. What are the primary challenges facing the European Union? Will the EU continue to widen and
deepen its structure and functions?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
6. How do transnational corporations help a country’s level of development? How do they hinder a
country’s development?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
7. What are the primary objectives of the reforms of the United Nations? Which reforms are more likely
to succeed?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
8. What are the three barriers to the simple application of UN-sponsored force to retaliate against
aggression?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
9. List and briefly describe the four views of the United Nations.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
10. Describe the organization of the EU and the responsibilities of each section.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
1021
.
Id., serie III, an. I, p. 137.
1022
.
Id., loc. cit., p. 135.
1023
.
Si adduce anche la difficoltà degli apici o punti, come qualcuno li

chiama. Ma non è, come vedremo, obiezione insormontabile.
1024
.
Storia di Roma, ed. Desclée, etc. Roma alla fine del mondo antico p.
174. Roma 1908.
1025
.
Relativamente alla paleografia, gli scrittori che han giudicato la lapide

dagli esemplari che generalmente si trovano sui libri, non hanno del tutto
torto. L’hanno fatta irriconoscibile! Ognuno abbondò in sensu suo.
Perfino han posto sulla vocale I i punti rotondi. Cf. P. I, c. III di questo
studio.
1026
.
E la copia fatta dal Grimaldi sarà esatta?
1027
.
Non è dunque certo che avvenne allora.

1028
.
Dunque quelle due lapidi fanno eccezione alla regola. Dunque si dànno
eccezioni!
1029
.
Non è dunque del tutto certo.
1030
.
E fecero male; ma peggio ancora fanno quelli che mettono sugli I i punti
rotondi. Qui sta l’errore!
1031
.
E ciò è verissimo, nè noi diremo essere accenti.
1032
.
Come il Mommsen (c. I, l. X, 6524) credè potersi liberare dall’imbarazzo

in cui lo pose il Garrucci relativamente all’iscrizione Furfonense, di cui
tra breve parleremo.
1033
.
Zaccaria, Ist. lap. p. 388, edit. rom.
1034
.
Pag. 82, N. Z.
1035
.
Epit. S. Severae, p. 129.

1036
.
Marmor Pisan.
1037
.
Ma questa di Pisa, citata dal Zaccaria (Istit. lap. p. 338, ed. Rom.), non
ha i punti (Bormann C. I, L. XI, 1441).
1038
.
C. I, L. X, 6524.
1039
.
Sylloge Inscript. Lat. p. 290. Aug. Taurin. MDCCCLXXV.
1040
.
Loc. cit.
1041
.
Vol. I, tav. XII.
1042
.
Oltre a ciò il falsificatore del sec. XVII avrebbe usato punti tondi, mai
triangolari. Del resto esistono parecchie iscrizioni dei tempi di Urbano
VIII; eppure sull’I non v’è punto di sorta.
1043
.
Lo stesso Cabrol (Dictionnaire D’Archéologie chrétienne, voce

Amphithéatre, col. 1653, Paris, 1904), l’ha riprodotta in caratteri comuni
e senza apici.
1044
.
Anche ammesso che il musaicista al rifare l’iscrizione «Ego sum via,

veritas et vita» avesse aggiunto arbitrariamente i punti sugl’I, non per
questo l’iscrizione sarebbe falsa, ma una riproduzione genuina e verace
dell’iscrizione primitiva. A tutti nota è l’iscrizione damasiana che dice:
HIC HABITASSE PRIVS, etc. I due primi esametri di questo carme si
leggono nel sepolcro apostolico dell’Appia, e sono una riproduzione fatta
nel secolo XII. Ora se le sillogi, e specialmente il codice di Einsiedeln,
non ci avessero conservato quel carme, la critica moderna avrebbe
ritenuti quei due esametri per una falsificazione di quel secolo. Eppure è
una riproduzione genuina!
1045
.
Loc. cit. p. 146.
1046
.
Ripostigli, p. 198.
1047
.
Ann. Inst. XII, p. 241.
1048
.
Intorno ad alcuni monumenti antichi esistenti al IV miglio dell’Appia.

Roma 1882, pagina 63.
1049
.
De Rossi, Bull. Archeol. Anno I, pp. 23 e 50.

1050
.
M. Armellini, Lez. ecc. 101. «Col 426, egli dice, la sepoltura cessò nei
sotterranei e incominciò nei portici e intorno le basiliche ma fuori del
tempio, onde S. Gregorio Magno, come narra nel l. IV dei dialoghi,
ricorda che i portici del Vaticano si trasformarono in cimiteri.... Lo
splendore delle nostre necropoli ebbe un crollo spaventevole quando
dopo caduta nel 410, di memoria imperitura, la regina del mondo in
mano di Alarico».
1051
.
O al più nel secondo decennio.
1052
.
Cf. P. Scaglia, l. c., p. 52. Questo stesso ch. scrittore a p. 10, dice: De
forma litterarum nihil dicendum, nisi quod eadem est atque in ethnicis
epitaphiis, sed multo deterior propter lapicidarum imperitiam.
1053
.
Fabbretti, Inscript., c. V, p. 363.
1054
.
Maffei, Art. crit. lap. l. III, c. II, p. 175.
1055
.
Morcelli, De stil. Inscript., l. II, part. 3, c. IX, p. 462, vol. 2.
1056
.
Cf. Garrucci, Sill. Inscript., p. 52, 75, 86, 88, 91, 92. — Pizzamiglio,
Storia della Moneta Rom.
1057
.
Garrucci, loc. cit., pp. 185-192, 215.
1058
.
Cf. Bruzza, Bull. dell’Ist. Arch., an. 1870.
1059
.
Dissert. VIII, p. 164.
1060
.
Inscript. Christ., Tom. I, p. 114, p. V.
1061
.
Scaligero, Cf. Red. var. lect., c. XIX, not. ad lib. V, Varr. de ling. lat.
1062
.
Cf. Specimen., p. 56.
1063
.
Cf. Cenot. Pis., dis. IV, quest. 2.
1064
.
Cf. Epit. S. Severae, p. 183.
1065
.
Pag. 138.
1066
.
Cf. Instituzioni, l. II, c. XI; p. 320.
1067
.
Cf. Fabretti, Inscript., p. 110, vol. V, p. 541, n. 278. Bull. A. C. Tom. III,
pagina 151 ecc.
1068
.
P. G. Marchi, Monumenti delle arti crist. primit., p. 116. Roma 1844.
1069
.
Gruter, p. 553, n. 2.
1070
.
De Rossi, Bull. Arch. crist. an. III, p. 12.
1071
.
Marangoni, App. agli atti di S. Vittorino, p. 168.
1072
.
Grut., loc. cit.
1073
.
De Stil. Inscript., l. III, p. III, c. VIII.

1074
.
Pag. 49.
1075
.
Arv. p. 37.
1076
.
Orig. I, XX.
1077
.
Graffiti di Pompei, p. 47.
1078
.
Grut., 1019, 4.
1079
.
Murat., 918, 2.
1080
.
Loc. cit., lib. III, c. II, p. 172.
1081
.
Cf. Civiltà Catt., Serie IX, Vol. XII, p. 718, § 2. V. anche il P. Scaglia,
Not. archeol. crist. Vol. II, pars prima. Epigrafia, pp. 8-9, il quale, dopo
avere riportato un po’ di errori più comuni nelle epigrafi, aggiunge:
integrum possem librum replere idiotismis et erroribus omnimodis....
1082
.
Hist. nat., l. XXXV, c. IX, in fine.
1083
.
Storia della Lett. Ital. Tom. I, p. 8, ed. Napol.
1084
.
Cap. XVII, p. 37.
1085
.
Loc. cit.
1086
.
Liv. lib. I, 28.
1087
.
Garrucci, loc. cit., p. 166.
1088
.
Varr. l. VI, de l. l.
1089
.
Fabbretti, Inscript.
1090
.
Nibby, Analisi ecc. Tom. III, p. 141.

1091
.
Zaccaria, Instit. p. 187; Bull. dell’Ist. 1865, p. 84.
1092
.
Bull. dell’Ist., 1860, p. 258.
1093
.
Id., 1868, p. 228.
1094
.
Inscript. Christ., Tom. I, p. 112.
1095
.
Ammessa la genuinità della lapide, si dovrà pur ammettere, come

vedremo, che Gaudenzio fu l’architetto del Colosseo.
1096
.
Supponendo che fosse già cristiano.
1097
.
Tale infatti fu l’idea primitiva, come dice Marziale:
Hanc unam norint saecula naumachiam.
1098
.
Memorie storiche del Colosseo, p. 23, ed. 2.ª

1099
.
Note al Venuti, Roma Ant. Venuti-Piale, Descriz. topogr. di Roma,

1824, tom. I, p. 51.
1100.
Dio., l. LXVII.
1101.
Anche tralasciando l’indizio estrinsico della forma della lapide, che è

cimiteriale; anche prescindendo dalla testimonianza degli scrittori, coevi
al rinvenimento di essa, i quali dicono che fu tratta fuori dal cimitero di S.
Agnese; le parole Kristus, etc., dichiarano apertamente la cristianità di
Gaudenzio.
1102.
Xiph. e Dione, Traianus, p. 553, Ed. Basileae apud Joannem Oporinum.
1103.
Dopo quello del Panvinio e dell’Iansoni, un catalogo molto ragionato e

stimato fu pubblicato dal Contelori, ed un altro, ancora più accurato, dal
Corsini.
1104.
Loc. cit.
1105.
V. Parte I, c. III di questo lavoro.

1106.
Vitr., Praef. I. VII.
1107.
Plinio, l. VII, c. XXXVII. Vitr., l. c.
1108.
Lib. VI, c. XXXVII.
1109.
Lib. XXXVI, c. XIII. Laberinto italico. Monumento sepolcrale di Porsenna

re di Chiusi. V. Less. ragionato. Lübker.
1110.
Suida. Plinio l. XXXVI, II.
1111.
Xiph., in Adr.
1112.
Vitr., l. c.
1113.
Spart., in Adrian.
1114.
Lib. VIII.
1115.
Lib. IX, epist. XXXIX.

1116.
Plinio XXXIII, c. XV.
1117.
Epigr. LVI, l. VII.
1118.
Loc. cit.
1119.
Ad esempio S. E. il Card. Lugari e il suo fratello Cav. Bernardo,

ambedue membri ordinari dell’Accademia Romana di Archeologia e
notissimi per loro dotte pubblicazioni archeologiche.
1120.
V. Forcellini, voce Theatrum: de quocumque loco ad edenda

spectacula apto.
1121.
Che i liberti servissero agli imperatori, anche come architetti è

certissimo, e si deduce da parecchie lapidi sepolcrali: Cf. c. I. l. VI, 8722,
8724.
1122.
Venuti-Piale, Descriz. top. di Roma. Tom. I, p. 51. Roma 1824.
1123.
Il De Rossi, già si avvide che i martirologî omettono martiri rivelatici

dalle iscrizioni (V. Bull. Arch. Crist. An. 1876, p. 59; 1877, pp. 109-113;
1878, pp. 12-94-95; an. 1883, pp. 151-152-155; 1886, pp. 26-28, ecc.).
1124.
Cf. Migne, P. L. vol. 124, p. 31.

1125.
Quel Passio e quell’S sono certamente del tempo in cui visse il

trascrittore.
1126.
De lingua latina, l. IV.
1127.
Cf. Jordan., Topog. Varr. l. l., V, 49, 50, pp. 601-602. Oppius mons
princeps Esquilis, cis lucum Fagutalem.... Oppius mons terticeps, cis
lucum.... Oppius mons quarticeps, cis lucum.... in figulinis est. Cespius
mons quarticeps cis lucum Poetelium, Esquilis est.
1128.
Il primo le Coniectanea, gli altri due le annotazioni ed emendazioni.
1129.
V. Nibby, Roma Antica, Tom. I, p. 21.
1130.
I boschi sacri dell’antica Roma. Estratto dal «Bullettino della Com. arch.
comunale», fasc. II, an. 1905, p. 14.
1131.
Nel documento seguito dai dotti passati, fino alla metà del secolo
scorso, effettivamente non manca, ed oh quanto è più conforme alla
topografia locale!
1132.
Loc. cit., l. IV.
1133.
Varron. loc. cit.

1134.
Del suolo fisico di Roma, ecc. Cosenza, Tip. di Giuseppe Migliaccio,

1869.
1135.
Così negli Argei secondo Varrone.
1136.
La mia opinione circa le «velocia munera» la manifestai alla Parte II,

cap. I, di questo lavoro.
1137.
Antich. di Roma, vol. I, l. III, p. 94.
1138.
È certo però che al settimo miglio della Via Salaria vi fu una chiesa
dedicata all’Arcangelo Michele; le parole dell’Epitome libri de locis
Sanctorum Martyrum, sono chiare: «Per eandem quoque viam venitur
ad ecclesiam S. Michaelis septimo milliario ab urbe;» ma è pur certo che
varie furono in Roma le chiese dedicate a questo Arcangelo, come: S.
Arcangelo ad Elephantum, in Palliano, inter nubes, in Augusta, in
Laterano, in vico Patricio, in Via Appia, ecc. (Cf. Nuov. Bull. di Arch.
christ. 1910, pag. 84 e segg. «Studio sulla nuova silloge di Cambridge di
O. Marucchi»).
Il Martirologio Geronimiano (codice di Berna) colloca la Chiesa di S.
Michele non al VII ma al VI miglio.
1139.
O in Ortheo. Cf. La Pianta di Roma dell’Anonimo Einsidlense. Dissert.

letta dal Prof. C. Huelsen, 21 Aprile 1906, nella Pont. Accad. Romana di
Archeologia. — Estratto pagina 28.
1140.
Tutti sappiamo che una chiesa dedicata a questa Santa era sotto
l’Esquilino. Il ch.o Huelsen, loc. cit., dice che questa chiesa è
sconosciuta!
1141.
Lib. Pont. Edit. Duchesne, Tom. II, p. 24. Il Grimaldi legge «in
Aventino», ed opina sia lo stesso che il monastero di S. Maria in
Aventino.
1142.
Ediz. Duchesne, Tom. I, p. 262.
1143.
Lib. Pont. p. 268, n. 36.
1144.
Loc. cit. Tom. II, p. 41 n. 63.
1145.
V. G. Starra-Tedde, I boschi sacri, loc. cit.
1146.
Cf. il period. «Buonarroti» Tom. V, p. 68.
1147.
C. Fontana: L’Anfiteatro Flavio descritto e delineato. Aia 1725.
1148.
Marangoni: Delle memorie sacre e profane dell’Anfiteatro Flavio, ecc.

Roma 1745, seconda ediz. 1847.
1149.
Roma ant. Tom. I, pag. 529 e segg.
1150.
Tocco Efisio: Dell’Anf. Flav.... e dei gladiat. Apud Buonarroti, luglio

1869, marzo-aprile 1870.
1151.
F. Gori: Le mem. stor. etc. dell’Anf. Fl. Roma 1874.
1152.
Iusti Lipsi: De anphitheatro etc.
1153.
Degli Anfiteatri.... Verona 1727.
1154.
Memoire sur les anciens monuments de Rome: apud Mém. Acad.

Inscript. et belles lettres: XXVIII, pag. 486. Voyage en Italie: pag. 346 sg.
1155.
L’Anf. Campano illust.... col paragone di tutti gli anfiteatri d’Italia. Napoli
1842.
1156.
Edif. di Roma ant. 1851, vol. III, p. 23 seg. vol. IV. Tav. 164-177. Cf.
etiam: Archit. Ant. III, s. III. t. 119.
1157.
Arvali pag. 225 sg. (Henzen: Arv. CVI).
1158.
Osserv. sull’arena e sul podio dell’Anf. Flav. Roma 1813 — Nuove oss.
ecc. e dell’acqua che lo ricopre. 1814 — Notiz. degli scavi Roma 1813
— Ammonizioni critico-ant. 1813 — Diss. sulle rovine di Roma, ap.
Winckelmann — Storia delle arti, III, 393 seg. — Note al circo di
Caracalla del Bianconi.
1159.
Delle linee dei sedili apud Efemm. Litt. Roma 1823.

1160.
Iscrizioni esistenti sui sedili dei teatri e degli anfiteatri antichi. Ann. Inst.
1856.
1161.
Ann. Inst. 1859.
1162.
Iscriz. dell’Anf. Flavio, Bull. com. di Roma, 1880 pag. 211. e seg. —
Notizie ined. sull’Anf. Flavio, R. Acc. dei Lincei, serie quinta, vol. V, ecc.
1163.
Delle tessere.... ed. Labers, Milano 1827.
1164.
Archit. numism. Londra 1859.
1165.
L’Anfiteatro Flavio rivendicato ai Martiri. Atti della Pont. Acc. Rom. di

Archeol. serie II, Tom. VII, 1899. Questo discorso fu probabilmente
motivato dalla dissertazione, comparsa anonima, del Delehaye
(L’Amphitéâtre Flavien, Bruxelles 1897), nella quale questi sostiene che
nessuna fonte attesta essere stato il Colosseo un luogo di martirio pei
cristiani.
1166.
Antonio Sebastiani.
1167.
Nell’archivio capitolino (Cred. 4, tom. 101, pag. 291) v’è un documento

che dice: «Anno 1727, 12 Novembre. Istrumento di concessione, per
poter affittare l’erbe che nascono dentro al Colosseo».
1168.
Flora of the Coloseum of Rome. London, Groombridge and Sons.

1169.
F. Gori, loc. cit. pag. 113.
1170.
Ann. Inst. 1856.
1171.
Bull. della Comm. arch. comun. di Roma 1880.
1172.
Inscript. Urb. Romae Latinae. Partis quartae fasciculus posterior. —

Additamenta, collegit et edidit Christianus, Huelsen, Berolini, apud
Georgium Reimerum, pag. 3199 e segg. MCMII.
1173.
Lanciani, loc. cit., p. 244-45.
1174.
Dividiamo i frammenti con una linea ed omettiamo i supplementi che si

leggono nello stesso Corpus, perchè, o questi sono facili, come ad es.:
pl ACIDI — ed ognuno può farli da sè: o sono di difficile interpretazione;
e allora è meglio che ognuno faccia i supplementi che creda.
1175.
Loc. cit., p. 217.
1176.
Huelsen, c. I, l. VI, pars 4 add., p. 3224.

Nota del Trascrittore
Ortografia e punteggiatura originali sono state

mantenute, correggendo senza annotazione minimi
errori tipografici.
Le correzioni indicate a pag. 385 (Errata-Corrige) sono
state riportate nel testo.
Per trascrivere la lettera "V" sormontata da un accento si
è usata la notazione "V´".
Copertina creata dal trascrittore e posta nel pubblico
dominio.

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International Politics Power and

Purpose in Global Affairs 3rd Edition

International Politics Power and Purpose in Global

American Government Power and Purpose 13th Edition Lowi

American Government Power and Purpose Brief 13th

Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship in American

Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship in American

Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship in American

Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global

Introducing Comparative Politics Concepts and Cases in

2. Which actor consists of at least three nation-states?

3. Which statement(s) is (are) true about IGOs?

4. Which of the following is a regional security IGO?

5. A transnational corporation can be characterized as

6. The primary difference between an international governmental organization and a nongovernmental

12. A major objective of the United Nations is to

14. Delegating international decisions to an international organization is called

16. The European Union is best described as a __________.

17. A founding principle of the United Nations highlights the importance of

19. Resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly

23. The main purpose of the General Assembly is to

28. The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is

30. As established, the purpose of the Security Council is to

33. Peacekeeping missions are most likely to succeed when

36. Why do some people believe the United Nations is irrelevant?

40. The European Union was established in order to

45. The significance of the Treaty of Rome was its role in

49. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty stated as its goal the

52. Britain became a member of the EU in

55. Europe’s single currency, the euro, has to some extent

59. The European Commission is analogous to

60. Members of the European Parliament are

61. Half of the European Union budget consists of

62. Today, transnational actors

64. Most governments today tend to

Id., serie III, an. I, p. 137.

Id., loc. cit., p. 135.

Si adduce anche la difficoltà degli apici o punti, come qualcuno li

Relativamente alla paleografia, gli scrittori che han giudicato la lapide

E la copia fatta dal Grimaldi sarà esatta?

Non è dunque certo che avvenne allora.

Non è dunque del tutto certo.

E ciò è verissimo, nè noi diremo essere accenti.

Come il Mommsen (c. I, l. X, 6524) credè potersi liberare dall’imbarazzo

Zaccaria, Ist. lap. p. 388, edit. rom.

Epit. S. Severae, p. 129.

Sylloge Inscript. Lat. p. 290. Aug. Taurin. MDCCCLXXV.

Vol. I, tav. XII.

Lo stesso Cabrol (Dictionnaire D’Archéologie chrétienne, voce

Anche ammesso che il musaicista al rifare l’iscrizione «Ego sum via,

Loc. cit. p. 146.

Ann. Inst. XII, p. 241.

Intorno ad alcuni monumenti antichi esistenti al IV miglio dell’Appia.

De Rossi, Bull. Archeol. Anno I, pp. 23 e 50.

O al più nel secondo decennio.

Fabbretti, Inscript., c. V, p. 363.

Maffei, Art. crit. lap. l. III, c. II, p. 175.

Morcelli, De stil. Inscript., l. II, part. 3, c. IX, p. 462, vol. 2.

Garrucci, loc. cit., pp. 185-192, 215.

Cf. Bruzza, Bull. dell’Ist. Arch., an. 1870.

Dissert. VIII, p. 164.

Inscript. Christ., Tom. I, p. 114, p. V.

Cf. Specimen., p. 56.

Cf. Cenot. Pis., dis. IV, quest. 2.