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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the inverse of the relation.

1) {(17, -18), (5, -16), (-11, 16)}
A) {(17, -18), (5, -16), (-11, 16)}
B) {(17, -16), (17, 5), (16, -11)}
C) {(-18, 17), (-16, 5), (16, -11)}
D) {(-18, 17), (-11, 5), (16, -16)}
Answer: C
2) {(-6, 6), (-1, 6), (-10, -6)}

A) {(6, -6), (-10, -1), (-6, 20)}
B) {(6, -6), (20, -1), (-6, -10)}
C) {(-6, 20), (-6, -1), (-6, -10)}
D) {(6, -6), (6, -1), (-6, -10)}
Answer: D
3) {(-1, -9), (0, -9), (1, 9), (2, -2)}

A) {(-9, -1), (0, 9), (1, -2)}
B) {(-9, -1), (-9, 0), (9, 1), (-2, 2)}
C) {(-1, -2), (-1, 9), (1, 0)}
D) {(-9, -1), (-2, 9), (1, 0)}
Answer: B
4) {(-5, -2), (5, 2), (-5, 4), (5, -4)}

A) {(-2, -5), (2, 5), (4, 5), (-4, 5)}
B) {(-2, -5), (-5, 5), (4, -5), (-4, 5)}
C) {(-2, -5), (2, 5), (4, -5), (-4, 5)}
D) {(2, -5), (-1, 5), (5, -5), (-4, -5)}
Answer: C
5) {(6, -12), (8, -11), (6, -10), (4, -9)}

A) {(-11, -12), (-12, 6), (6, 8), (-10, -10)}
B) {(-11, -12), (-9, 6), (6, 6), (-10, -10)}
C) {(6, -12), (-11, 8), (6, -10), (-9, 4)}
D) {(-12, 6), (-11, 8), (-10, 6), (-9, 4)}
Answer: D
Find an equation of the inverse relation.

6) y = 4x + 2
A) x = 4y + 2
y+ 2
B) x =
4
C) x = 4y - 2
x
D) y = - 2
4
Answer: A
1
7) y = -6x - 5
A) y = -6 - 5x
B) y = -6x + 5
C) x = -6y + 5
D) x = -6y - 5
Answer: D
8) 9x2 + 8y2 = 16
A) 9y2 - 8x2 = 16
B) 9x2 + 8y2 = 16
C) 9x2 - 8y2 = 16
D) 9y2 + 8x2 = 16
Answer: D
9) x3y = -8
y
A) x3 =
-8
B) y3x = -8
x3
C) = -8
y
D) y3 = -8
Answer: B
10) y = 5x2 - 2x - 9
A) y = 5x2 + 2x + 9
B) x = 5y2 - 2x - 9
C) x = 5y2 + 2y + 9
D) x = 5y2 - 2y - 9
Answer: D
11) x = y - 2y2
A) y = x - 2x2
B) y = x + 2x2
C) y = x + 2y2
D) y = x - 2y2
Answer: A
Graph the equation as a solid line. Graph the inverse relation as a dashed line on the same axes by reflecting across the
line y = x.
2
12) y = 4x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
3
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
5
13) y = x+3
2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
4
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
5
14) y = x2 - 6
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
6
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
15) x = 4 y
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
7
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
8
16) x = y2 - 6
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
9
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
17) y = 5 x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
11
18) y = x3 + 3
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
B)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
C)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
12
D)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
Answer: D
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.

19) Prove that the function f is one-to-one.
f(x) = 3x - 1
Answer: Assume that f(a) = f(b) for any numbers a and b in the domain of f.
Since f(a) = 3a - 1 and f(b) = 3b - 1, we have
3a - 1 = 3b - 1
3a = 3b
a=b
Thus if f(a) = f(b) then a = b and f is one-to-one.

1
f(x) = 6 - x
2
1 1
Since f(a) = 6 - a and f(b) = 6 - b, we have
2 2
1 1
6- a=6- b
2 2
1 1
- a=- b
2 2
a=b

f(x) = x3 - 4
Since f(a) = a 3 - 4 and f(b) = b3 - 4, we have
a 3 - 4 = b3 - 4
a 3 = b3
a=b
13
3
f(x) = x + 5
3 3
Since f(a) = a + 5 and f(b) = b + 5, we have
3 3
a+ 5 = b+ 5
3 3
a = b
a=b
23) Prove that the function f is not one-to-one.

f(x) = x2 + 2
Answer: Answers may vary. Possible answer:
Find two numbers a and b for which a ≠ b and f(a) = f(b). Two such numbers are -1 and 1 because f(-1)
= f(1) = 3. Thus, f is not one-to-one.

f(x) = 2 - x4
= f(2) = -14. Thus, f is not one-to-one.

f(x) = x - 2

2
f(x) =
x6
14
Using the horizontal-line test, determine whether the function is one-to-one.

27) 0.6x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
28) -0.5x2 - 3x - 3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
15
29) f(x) = x3 - 2x + 1
8 y
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
8
30) f(x) =
2
x -2
8 y
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
16
3
31) f(x) = x+3-3
8 y
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
7
32) f(x) =
x
8 y
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
17
Determine whether the function is one-to-one by graphing and using the horizontal line test.
33) f(x) = 6x - 6
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
34) f(x) = 4x2 - 1

y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
18
35) f(x) = 3.57
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
3
36) f(x) = -
x
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
19
2
37) f(x) =
x-2
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
x - 10
38) f(x) =
x+1
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
20
39) f(x) = x - 2
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
40) f(x) = -x3 + 7

y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
21
41) f(x) = x+2
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
42) f(x) = 4 - x2
y
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
Find the inverse of the function.

43) f(x) = 7x
A) f-1(x) = 7 + x
B) f-1(x) = 7x
7
C) f-1(x) =
x
x
D) f-1(x) =
7
Answer: D
22
44) f(x) = x + 5
A) f-1(x) = x - 5
B) f-1(x) = 5 - x
C) f-1(x) = -x + 5
x
D) f-1(x) =
5
Answer: A
45) f(x) = 6 - x
A) f-1(x) = x - 6
x
B) f-1(x) =
6
C) f-1(x) = x + 6
D) f-1(x) = 6 - x
Answer: D
1
46) f(x) = x+4
3
A) f-1(x) = 3x - 12
1
B) f-1(x) = x - 4
3
1
C) f-1(x) = x + 3
4
D) f-1(x) = 3x + 12
Answer: A
47) f(x) = -7x

7
A) f-1(x) = -
x
B) f-1(x) = 7 + x
x
C) f-1(x) = -
7
D) f-1(x) = 7x
Answer: C
3
48) f(x) = x+1
-1
A) f (x) = (x + 1)3
3
B) f-1(x) = x - 1
C) f-1(x) = x3 - 1
D) f-1(x) = (x - 1)3
Answer: D
23
3
49) f(x) = x-9
3
A) f-1(x) = x - 9
B) f-1(x) = x3 + 9
C) f-1(x) = (x + 9)3
D) f-1(x) = (x - 9)3
Answer: B
5
50) f(x) = -
x
5
A) f-1(x) =
x
x
B) f-1(x) = -
5
5
C) f-1(x) = -
x
D) f-1(x) = -5x
Answer: C
Determine whether the given function is one-to-one. If it is one-to-one, find a formula for the inverse.
51) f(x) = 2x + 7
A) Not one-to-one
x+7
B) f-1(x) =
2
x-7
C) f-1(x) =
2
x
D) f-1(x) = - 7
2
Answer: C
52) f(x) = 8x3 - 7

A) Not one-to-one
3 x+7
B) f-1(x) =
8
3 x
C) f-1(x) = +7
8
3 x-7
D) f-1(x) =
8
Answer: B
24
3
53) f(x) =
x+8
x
A) f-1(x) =
8 + 3x
-8x + 3
B) f-1(x) =
x
8 + 3x
C) f-1(x) =
x
D) Not one-to-one
Answer: B
x - 10
54) f(x) =
x-8
8x - 1
A) f-1(x) =
x - 10
8x - 10
B) f-1(x) =
x-1
x + 10
C) f-1(x) =
-8 + x
-8x - 10
D) f-1(x) =
x-1
Answer: B
55) f(x) = x+3

A) f-1(x) = (x + 3)2
B) f-1(x) = x - 3
C) Not one-to-one
D) f-1(x) = x2 - 3, x ≥ 0
Answer: D
6x - 3
56) f(x) =
6x + 3
A) Not one-to-one
6x - 6
B) f-1(x) =
-3x - 3
-3x - 3
C) f-1(x) =
6x - 6
6x - 3
D) f-1(x) =
6x + 3
Answer: C
25
57) f(x) = 2x2 - 5, x ≥ 0
x+5
A) f-1(x) =
2
B) Not one-to-one
2
C) f-1(x) =
x+5
2
D) f-1(x) =
x+5
Answer: A
58) f(x) = (x - 7)3

3
A) f-1(x) = x + 7
B) Not one-to-one
3
C) f-1(x) = -7 - x
3
D) f-1(x) = x - 7
Answer: A
59) f(x) = x 3 - x2
A) f-1(x) = x2 + 3
B) Not one-to-one
C) f-1(x) = x 3 - x2
D) f-1(x) = x3 - 3
Answer: B
3
60) f(x) = x-1
-1
A) f (x) = x3 + 1
B) Not one-to-one
3
C) f-1(x) = x + 1
D) f-1(x) = x3 - 1
Answer: A
The graph of a one-to-one function f is given. Sketch the graph of the inverse function f-1 , on the same set of axes. Use a
dashed line for the inverse.
26
61)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
27
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
Answer: B
62)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
28
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
29
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
Answer: A
63)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
30
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
31
64)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
32
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
65)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
33
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
34
66)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
B)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
C)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
35
D)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
Answer: A
For the function f, use composition of functions to show that f-1 is as given.
7 6
67) f(x) = - x, f-1(x) = - x
6 7
Answer: Answers may vary. One possible solution is:
7 6 7
1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 - x = - - x = x;
6 7 6
6 7 6
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f - x = - - x = x
7 6 7
x + 8 -1
68) f(x) = , f (x) = 7x - 8
7
1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 x + 8 /7 = 7 x + 8 /7 - 8 = x + 8 - 8 = x;
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f 7x - 8 = 7x - 8 + 8 /7 = 7x/7 = x
x - 2 -1
69) f(x) = , f (x) = 9x + 2
9
1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 x - 2 /9 = 9 x - 2 /9 + 2 = x - 2 + 2 = x;
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f 9x + 2 = 9x + 2 - 2 /9 = 9x/9 = x
4 + x -1 4
70) f(x) = , f (x) =
x x-1
4 4 4
1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 4 + x /x = = = = x;
4+x 4+x-x 4
-1
x x x
4 4 x-1 +4
4+
4 x-1 x-1 4x
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f = = = = x
x-1 4 4 4
x-1 x-1
36
3
71) f(x) = x3 - 4, f-1 (x) = x + 4
3 3
1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 x3 - 4 = x3 - 4 + 4 = x3 = x;
3 3 3
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f x + 4 = x+4 -4=x+4-4= x
2 5
72) f(x) = x, f-1 (x) = x
5 2
2 5 2
Answer: 1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1 x = x = x;
5 2 5
5 2 5
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f x = x =x
2 5 2
x + 9 -1
73) f(x) = , f = 5x - 9
5
x+9 x+9
Answer: 1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1 (f(x)) = f-1 =5 - 9 = x;
5 5
5x - 9 + 9
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f(5x - 9) = =x
5
3
74) f(x) = x + 3, f-1(x) = x3 - 3
3 3 3
Answer: 1. (f-1 ∘ f)(x) = f-1(f(x)) = f-1( x + 3) = ( x + 3) - 3 = x;
3
2. (f ∘ f-1 )(x) = f(f-1 (x)) = f(x3 - 3) = (x3 - 3) + 3= x
Graph the one-to-one function as a solid curve and its inverse as a dashed curve on the same axes.
75) f(x) = 5x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
37
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
38
76) f(x) = 2x + 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
39
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
77) y = x-5
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
40
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
41
78) y = x3 + 3
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
B)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
C)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
42
D)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
Answer: B
6
79) f(x) =
x+2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
43
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
44
x+1
80) f(x) =
x-2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
45
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
x-1
81) f(x) =
x+4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
46
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
47
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
3
82) f(x) = x+1
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
48
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
49
Find the domain and range of the inverse of the given function.
83) f(x) = 2x - 8
A) Domain: (- ∞, 8) ∪ (8, ∞); range: all real numbers
B) Domain: [0, ∞ ) ; range: all real numbers
C) Domain and range: all real numbers
D) Domain: all real numbers; range: (-∞ , -8) ∪ (-8, ∞)
Answer: C
84) f(x) = x3 - 4
A) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
B) Domain: all real numbers; range: [-4, ∞)
D) Domain: [-4, ∞); range: all real numbers
Answer: C
85) f(x) = x - 8
A) Domain: [8, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
B) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: [8, ∞ )
D) Domain: all real numbers; range: [8, ∞)
Answer: B
3
86) f(x) = -
x
A) Domain: all real numbers; range: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞ )
B) Domain and range: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
C) Domain: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); range: (- ∞, 0)
D) Domain and range: all real numbers
Answer: B
6
87) f(x) =
x-6
A) Domain: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
B) Domain: (- ∞, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
C) Domain: (- ∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , ∞)
D) Domain: (- ∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
Answer: A
88) f(x) = x2 - 5; x ≥ 0
A) Domain: [-5, ∞); range: [0, ∞)
B) Domain and range: all real numbers
C) Domain: [-5, ∞); range: all real numbers
D) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: [-5, ∞)
Answer: A
50
89) f(x) = 9 - x2 ; x ≥ 0
A) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: (- ∞, 9]
B) Domain: [9, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞)
C) Domain: (- ∞, 9]; range: [0, ∞)
D) Domain: (- ∞, 9]; range: all real numbers
Answer: C
90) f(x) = (4x - 8)3

A) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: all real numbers
B) Domain and range: all real numbers
C) Domain: [8, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
D) Domain: [4, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
Answer: B
3
91) f(x) = x - 4.9
A) Domain: all real numbers; range: [4.9, ∞ )
B) Domain: [4.9, ∞); range: [0, ∞)
C) Domain: all real numbers; range: [0, ∞)
D) Domain and range: all real numbers
Answer: D
x+1
92) f(x) =
x-3
A) Domain and range: (- ∞, ∞)
B) Domain: (- ∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 1) ∪ (1, ∞ )
C) Domain: (- ∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
D) Domain: (- ∞, ∞)
Range: (-∞ , 3 ) ∪ (3, ∞)
Answer: C
51
3 5x + 1
93) f(x) =
3x + 8
3 3
45 45
A) Domain: -∞, ∪ ,∞
3 3
8 8
Range: -∞ , - ∪ - ,∞
3 3
3 3
B) Domain: -∞, 45 ∪ 45 , ∞
8 8
Range: -∞ , - ∪ - ,∞
3 3
3 3
9 9
C) Domain: -∞, ∪ ,∞
6 6
8 8
Range: -∞ , - ∪ ,∞
6 6
3 3
5 5
D) Domain: -∞, ∪ ,∞
3 3
8 8
Range: -∞ , ∪ ,∞
3 3
Answer: A
Find a formula for the inverse of the function described below.

94) A size 10 dress in Country C is size 40 in Country D. A function that converts dress sizes in Country C to those
in Country D is f(x) = x + 30.
x
A) f-1(x) =
-30
B) f-1(x) = x + 30
x
C) f-1(x) =
30
D) f-1(x) = x - 30
Answer: D
in Country D is f(x) = 2(x + 20).
x - 20
A) f-1(x) =
2
x
B) f-1(x) = + 20
2
C) f-1(x) = x - 20
x
D) f-1(x) = - 20
2
Answer: D
52
x
in Country D is f(x) = - 8.
2
A) f-1(x) = 2(x + 8)
B) f-1(x) = 2x + 8
C) f-1(x) = x + 8
D) f-1(x) = 2(x - 8)
Answer: A
97) 32° Fahrenheit = 0° Celsius. A function that converts temperatures in Fahrenheit to those in Celsius is
5
f(x) = (x - 32) .
9
9
A) f-1(x) = x - 32
5
9
B) f-1(x) = x + 32
5
C) f-1(x) = x + 32
5
D) f-1(x) = (x - 32)
9
Answer: B
98) An organization determines that the cost per person of chartering a bus is given by the formula
200 + 4x
C(x) = ,
x
where x is the number of people in the group and C(x) is in dollars.
200
A) C-1 (x) =
x-4
200 + x
B) C-1 (x) =
4
200
C) C-1 (x) =
x+4
4
D) C-1 (x) =
x - 200
Answer: A
Evaluate to four decimal places using a calculator.

99) e 2.8
A) 18.1741
B) 1.0296
C) 7.6112
D) 16.4446
Answer: D
53
100) e 4.76
A) 129.0242
B) 116.7459
C) 12.9390
D) 1.5602
Answer: B
101) e 0.71
A) 2.0340
B) 2.2479
C) -0.3425
D) 1.9300
Answer: A
102) e -1.06
A) 0.3465
B) -2.8814
C) 0.3829
D) 2.8864
Answer: A
103) e -0.80
A) 2.2255
B) 0.4966
C) -2.1746
D) 0.4493
Answer: D
104) e2.404
A) 5.7792
B) 11.0674
C) 6.5347
D) 7.3891
Answer: B
105) e-0.92
A) 0.3985
B) -0.8464
C) 0.8464
D) -2.5008
Answer: A
106) e0.09
A) 2.4596
B) 0.2446
C) 1.0942
D) 14.3660
Answer: C
54
1 2
107)
e2
A) 7.3891
B) 0.1353
C) 0.0183
D) 54.5981
Answer: C
2
108) e4
A) 7.3891
B) 0.0003
C) 2980.9580
D) 54.5981
Answer: C
Match the function with one of the graphs.

109) f(x) = ex - 7
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
55
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
110) f(x) = 2 x + 5
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
56
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
57
1 x
111) f(x) = -
4
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
58
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
112) f(x) = ex - 5
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
59
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
113) f(x) = 5 + ex
A)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
60
B)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
C)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
D)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
61
114) f(x) = 2e-x
A)
20 y
10
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-10
-20
B)
20 y
10
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-10
-20
C)
20 y
10
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-10
-20
D)
20 y
10
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-10
-20
62
Answer: C
Graph the function.

115) f(x) = 5 x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
63
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
116) f(x) = -3 x
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
64
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: C
65
1 x
117) f(x) =
5
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
66
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
118) f(x) = 4 -x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
67
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
68
119) f(x) = 3 (4x - 1)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
69
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
120) f(x) = 3 (x - 4)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
70
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
71
1 x
121) f(x) = +2
5
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
72
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
122) f(x) = 3 (x + 4) - 1
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
73
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
74
123) f(x) = 2 (x + 2)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
75
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: A
124) f(x) = 2 -x - 1
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
76
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: D
77
125) f(x) = -0.4x + 2
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
78
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
126) f(x) = 3e-x

y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
79
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: B
80
127) f(x) = e3x - 3
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
81
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: B
1 x
128) y = e
8
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
A)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
82
B)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
C)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
D)
y
3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-2
-3
Answer: D
83
129) f(x) = ex - 3
y
10
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-5
-10
84
D)
y
10
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-5
-10
Answer: D
130) f(x) = e2 - x
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
85
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: C
86
131) f(x) = 5 - e-x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
87
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
Sketch the graph of the function. Describe how the graph can be obtained from the graph of a basic exponential function.
132) f(x) = 3 x + 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = 3x up 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
88
B) Shift y = 3x down 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = 3x down 1 unit(s)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = 3x up 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
89
133) f(x) = 3 x - 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = 3x down 4 unit(s)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = 3x down 4 unit(s)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = 3x up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
90
D) Shift y = 3x up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
134) f(x) = -3 (x + 1)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s) and

reflect across the x-axis
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
91
B) Shift y = 3x right 1 unit(s) and
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = 3x right 1 unit(s) and

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s) and

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
92
135) f(x) = 3 (x - 2) - 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10

down 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = 3x left 2 unit(s) and

up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
93
up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = 3x right 2 unit(s) and

down 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
136) f(x) = 2 (x + 1) - 5
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
94
down 5 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10

up 5 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10

down 5 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
95
up 5 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
137) f(x) = 4 (x + 5)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
96
B) Shift y = 4x right 5 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = 4x left 5 unit(s)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
97
138) f(x) = 3 (x - 1)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
98
D) Shift y = 3x right 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
139) f(x) = 2 - 5 -x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Reflect y = 5 x across the y-axis, reflect

across the x-axis and down 2 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
99
B) Shift y = 5x up 2 unit(s), reflect across
the y-axis, and reflect across the x-axis
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Reflect y = 5 x across the y-axis, reflect

across the x-axis and shift up 2 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = 5x up 2 unit(s), reflect across

the y-axis, and reflect across the x-axis
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
100
140) f(x) = 4 x - 3 - 2
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20

down 2 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20

up 2 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
101
up 2 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20

down 2 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
Answer: D
141) f(x) = -4 (x - 4)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
102
A) Reflect y = 4 x across the x-axis and
shift up 4 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
B) Reflect y = 4 x across the x-axis and

shift down 4 unit(s)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
C) Shift y = 4x right 4 unit(s) and reflect

across the x-axis
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
103
D) Shift y = 4x left 4 unit(s) and reflect
across the x-axis
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
Answer: C
142) f(x) = 2 ∙ 4 (x - 1) + 4
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) Shift y = 4x right 1 unit(s), stretch it

vertically, and shift it up 4 unit(s)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
104
B) Shift y = 4x left 1 unit(s), stretch it
vertically, and shift it up 4 unit(s)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C) Shift y = 4x left 1 unit(s), stretch it

vertically, reflect across the x-axis and
shift it up 4 unit(s)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D) Shift y = 4x right 1 unit(s), stretch it

vertically, reflect across the x-axis, and
shift it up 4 unit(s)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: A
Graph the function. Describe its position relative to the graph of the indicated basic function.
105
143) f(x) = e3x + 1; relative to f(x) = ex
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shrunk horizontally;
moved up 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Stretched horizontally;
moved up 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
106
C) Shrunk horizontally;
moved down 1 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Stretched horizontally;
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
144) f(x) = e2x - 2; relative to f(x) = ex

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
107
A) Shrunk horizontally;
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shrunk horizontally;
moved up 2 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Stretched horizontally;
moved up 2 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
108
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
145) f(x) = 4(3 - ex), x > 0; relative to f(x) = ex

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Stretched horiz; reflected across y-axis;

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
109
B) Stretched vert; reflected across y-axis;
moved up 3 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Stretched vert; reflected across x-axis;

moved up 12 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Stretched horiz; reflected across x-axis;

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
110
146) f(x) = e-0.4x; relative to f(x) = ex
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Stretched horizontally;
reflected across the y-axis
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Stretched horizontally
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Stretched vertically
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
111
D) Stretched vertically;
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
147) f(x) = e5x; relative to f(x) = ex

y
20
10
-2 -1 1 2 x
-10
-20
A) Shrunk vertically
y
20
10
-2 -1 1 2 x
-10
-20
112
B) Shrunk horizontally
y
20
10
-2 -1 1 2 x
-10
-20
C) Shrunk vertically
y
20
10
-2 -1 1 2 x
-10
-20
D) Shrunk horizontally
y
20
10
-2 -1 1 2 x
-10
-20
Answer: B
113
148) f(x) = e-x + 2; relative to f(x) = ex
y
20
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
A) Reflected across the y-axis;

moved right 2 units
y
20
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
B) Moved right 2 units;

y
20
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
114
C) Reflected across the y-axis;
moved left 2 units
y
20
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
D) Moved left 2 units;

y
20
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
Answer: A
149) f(x) = 4 - e-0.55x; relative to f(x) = ex

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
115
A) Stretched horizontally;
reflected across the y-axis;
moved up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Moved up 4 unit(s);
stretched horizontally;
reflected across the x-axis
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Stretched horizontally;
reflected across x-axis,
reflected across y-axis
Moved up 4 unit(s);
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
116
reflected across x-axis,
reflected across y-axis;
moved up 4 unit(s)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
Graph the piecewise function.

150)
e-x - 7, for x < -2,
f(x) = x - 3, for -2 ≤ x < 1
x3 , for x ≥ 1
y
6
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
117
B)
y
6
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
118
151)
-3, for x ≤ -2,
f(x) = x2 + 4, for -2 < x ≤ 0,
ex, for x > 0
y
8
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A)
y
8
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
B)
y
8
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
119
C)
y
8
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D)
y
8
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: C
Solve the problem.

152) An initial investment of $1000 is appreciated for 3 years in an account that earns 10% interest, compounded
annually. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $1464.10
B) $1210.00
C) $331
D) $1331.00
Answer: D
semiannually. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $1102.50
B) $1103.81
C) $103.81
D) $1076.89
Answer: B
120
154) An initial investment of $14,000 is appreciated for 3 years in an account that earns 8% interest, compounded
semiannually. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $17,714.47
B) $3714.47
C) $17,033.14
D) $17,635.97
Answer: A
quarterly. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $956.76
B) $978.29
C) $956.43
D) $498.29
Answer: B
156) An initial investment of $12,000 is appreciated for 3 years in an account that earns 6% interest, compounded
quarterly. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $14,135.39
B) $14,292.19
C) $14,347.42
D) $2347.42
Answer: C
continuously. Find the amount of money in the account at the end of the period.
A) $690.19
B) $1071.67
C) $2913.10
D) $1266.03
Answer: A
158) Suppose that $1100 is invested at 5% interest, compounded semiannually. Find the function for the amount of
money after t years.
A) A(t) = 1100(1.025)t
B) A(t) = 1100(1.05)t
C) A(t) = 1100(1.05)2t
D) A(t) = 1100(1.025)2t
Answer: D
159) Suppose that $2400 is invested at 7% interest, compounded quarterly. Find the function for the amount of
money after t years.
A) A(t) = 2400(1.0175)t
B) A(t) = 2400(1.0175)4t
C) A(t) = 2400(1.07)t
D) A(t) = 2400(1.07)4t
Answer: B
121
Use the compound-interest formula to find the account balance with the given conditions:
P = principal,
r = interest rate,
t = time, in years.
160) P = $1000, t = 8, r = 6% compounded annually
A) $1593.85
B) $1503.63
C) $593.85
D) $1689.48
Answer: A
161) P = $1000, t = 4, r = 6% compounded semiannually

A) $1229.87
B) $266.77
C) $1266.77
D) $1262.48
Answer: C
162) P = $14,000, t = 3, r = 7% compounded semiannually

A) $16,627.61
B) $3209.57
C) $17,150.60
D) $17,209.57
Answer: D
163) P = $480, t = 8, r = 8% compounded quarterly

A) $424.58
B) $888.45
C) $904.58
D) $886.84
Answer: C
164) P = $12,000, t = 2, r = 5% compounded quarterly

A) $13,230.00
B) $1253.83
C) $13,253.83
D) $13,090.21
Answer: C
165) P = $2146.27, t = 11, r = 7% compounded monthly

A) $4574.80
B) $4517.58
C) $4604.67
D) $4625.08
Answer: D
122
166) P = $1600, t = 7, r = 9% compounded daily
A) $300.39
B) $3003.94
C) $864,584.68
D) $2997.12
Answer: B
167) P = $900, t = 9, r = 5.1% compounded daily

A) $142.42
B) $1424.20
C) $1422.86
D) $88,361.45
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

168) In September 1998 the population of the country of West Goma in millions was modeled by f(x) = 16.6e0.0005x.
At the same time the population of East Goma in millions was modeled by g(x) = 13.5e0.0175x. In both formulas
x is the year, where x = 0 corresponds to September 1998. Assuming these trends continue, estimate the year
when the population of West Goma will equal the population of East Goma.
A) 1986
B) 2010
C) 12
D) 2009
Answer: B
169) In September 1998 the population of the country of West Goma in millions was modeled by f(x) = 17.3e0.0011x.
At the same time the population of East Goma in millions was modeled by g(x) = 13.9e0.0197x. In both formulas
x is the year, where x = 0 corresponds to September 1998. Assuming these trends continue, estimate what the
population will be when the populations are equal.
A) 17 million
B) 1 million
C) 16 million
D) 18 million
Answer: D
170) Suppose the amount of a radioactive element remaining in a sample of 100 milligrams after x years can be
described by A(x) = 100e-0.01938x. How much is remaining after 186 years? Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth of a milligram.
A) 0.03 mg
B) 3676.99 mg
C) 360.47 mg
D) 2.72 mg
Answer: D
123
171) The amount of particulate matter left in solution during a filtering process is given by the equation
P = 800(2)-0.6n , where n is the number of filtering steps. Find the amounts left for n = 0 and n = 5. (Round to the
nearest whole number.)
A) 800 units; 25 units
B) 800 units; 100 units
C) 800 units; 6400 units
D) 1600 units; 100 units
Answer: B
172) The number of bacteria growing in an incubation culture increases with time according to B = 2400(3)x, where x
is time in days. Find the number of bacteria when x = 0 and x = 5.
A) 7200 bacteria; 583,200 bacteria
B) 2400 bacteria; 583,200 bacteria
C) 2400 bacteria; 36,000 bacteria
D) 2400 bacteria; 64,800 bacteria
Answer: B
173) A company begins a radio advertising campaign in Chicago to market a new soft drink. The percentage of the
target market that buys a soft drink is estimated by the function f(t) = 100(1 - e-0.03t), where t is the number of
days of the campaign. After how long will 80% of the target market have bought the soft drink?
A) 55 days
B) 80 days
C) 3 days
D) 54 days
Answer: D
174) The value of a stock is given by the function V(t) = 69(1 - e-1.7t) + 40, where V is the value of the stock after time
t, in months. When will the value of the stock be $106?
A) 3.1 months
B) 1.8 months
C) 1.5 months
D) 0.3 months
Answer: B
175) The number of reports of a certain virus has increased exponentially since 1960. The current number of cases
can be approximated using the function r(t) = 402 e0.003t, where t is the number of years since 1960. Estimate
the of cases in the year 2000.
A) 440 cases
B) 453 cases
C) 907 cases
D) 340 cases
Answer: B
124
176) An element decays at the rate of S(t) = se-0.039t, where t is time in years and s is the initial size in grams. If you
have a 89-gram piece of this element, how many grams will you have 4 years from now? Round your answer
to the nearest tenth of a gram.
A) 104.0 g
B) 0.9 g
C) 42.8 g
D) 76.1 g
Answer: D
177) If x dollars is deposited every four weeks (13 times a year) into an account paying an annual interest rate r,
expressed in decimal form, then the amount A n in the account after n years can be approximated by the
1 + r/13 13n - 1
formula A n = x . If $70 is deposited every four weeks into an account paying 3% interest,
r/13
approximate the amount in the account after 14 years.
A) -$10,412.58
B) $54,903.33
C) $15,810.50
D) $225.86
Answer: C
Graph the function.

y
178) x = 6
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
A)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
125
B)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
C)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
D)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
Answer: A
126
1 y
179) x =
5
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
A)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
B)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
127
C)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
D)
y
5
-20 -10 10 20 x
-5
Answer: B
180) f(x) = log x

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
128
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
129
181) f(x) = ln x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
130
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
182) y = log3 x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
131
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
Find the value of the expression.

183) log 64
8
A) 64
B) 2
C) 16
D) 8
Answer: B
132
184) log 11
11
A) 11
B) 0
C) 10
D) 1
Answer: D
185) log 1
20
A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) 20
Answer: A
186) log 1000

10
A) 3000
B) -3
C) 3
D) 1000
Answer: C
1
187) log 3
81
A) 3
B) 1/4
C) -4
D) 12
Answer: C
188) log17 17
A) 2
B) - 2
1
C) -
2
1
D)
2
Answer: D
189) ln e-3
A) 1
B) -3
1
C) -
3
D) e ln -3
Answer: B
133
190) log7 7 6
A) 7 6
B) 6
C) 1
D) 6log7 7
Answer: B
191) log625 5
1
A)
6
B) -4
1
C)
4
D) 4
Answer: C
192) log6 6 7/3

A) 6 7/3
7
B)
3
3
C)
7
7
D) -
3
Answer: B
Convert to a logarithmic equation.

193) 4 2 = 16
A) 16 = log 4 2
B) 2 = log 16 4
C) 4 = log 2 16
D) 2 = log 4 16
Answer: D
194) 161/4 = 2
1
A) = log 2 16
4
B) 2 = log 1/4 16
1
C) 2 = log 16
4
1
D) = log 16 2
4
Answer: D
134
195) e-3 = 0.04979
A) 0.04979 = log e -3
B) e = log -3 0.04979
C) 0.04979 = log -3 e
D) -3 = log e 0.04979
Answer: D
196) e5 = t
A) log 5 t = e
B) log 5 e = t
C) ln (5) = t
D) ln t = 5
Answer: D
197) 100.301 = 2
A) 2 = log 10 0.301
B) 0.301 = log 10 2
C) 10 = log 9 0.301
D) 0.301 = log 9 10
Answer: B
198) yz = 4
A) y = log 9 z
B) y = log z 4
C) z = log y 4
D) z = log 9 y
Answer: C
199) 5 3 = 125
A) 3 = log 125 5
B) 3 = log 5 125
C) 125 = log 5 3
D) 5 = log 3 125
Answer: B
200) e-t = 25
A) ln 25 = -t
B) log t 25 = e
C) ln t = - 25
D) log 25 (- t) = e
Answer: A
135
1
201) 5 -2 =
25
1
A) = log 5 -2
25
1
B) 5 = log 2
25
C) -2 = log 1/25 5
1
D) -2 = log 5
25
Answer: D
Convert to an exponential equation.

202) log10 100 = 2
A) 1002 = 10
B) 10100 = 2
C) 102 = 100
D) 2 10 = 100
Answer: C
203) log7 343 = t
A) 7 t = 343
B) t7 = 343
t
C) 343 = 7
D) 7 343 = t
Answer: A
204) log10 1 = 0
A) 100 = 1
B) 1 0 = 10
C) 0 10 = 1
D) 101 = 0
Answer: A
1
205) log4 = -3
64
A) 4 64 = 3
1
B) 4 -3 =
64
1
C) 3 4 =
64
1 3
D) =4
64
Answer: B
136
206) ln 29 = 3.3673
A) e29 = 3.3673
B) e3.3673 = 1
C) e3.3673 = ln 29
D) e3.3673 = 29
Answer: D
207) log4 T6 = 7
A) 4 7 = T6
6
B) 7 T = 4
C) 7 4 = T6
6
D) 4 T = 7
Answer: A
208) ln 3a = 2.3
A) e2.3 = 3 a
B) 2.3e = 3 a
C) e3 = 2.3a
D) ea = 2.33
Answer: A
209) log w Q = 6
A) w6 = Q
B) Qw = 6
C) 6 w = Q
D) Q6 = w
Answer: A
210) log 100,000 = 5

A) 100,000 5 = 10
B) 100,000 10 = 5
C) 105 = 100,000
D) 5 10 = 100,000
Answer: C
211) log 11 = 1.0414

A) 1011 = 1.0414
B) 1.041410 = 11
C) 101.0414 = 11
D) 111.0414 = 10
Answer: C
137
Find the following using a calculator. Round to four decimal places.
212) log 68
A) 1.8325
B) 4.7195
C) 1.3325
D) 4.2195
Answer: A
213) log 0.15

A) -1.3239
B) -1.8971
C) -0.8239
D) -1.3971
Answer: C
214) log 74.25

A) 1.8707
B) 4.8074
C) 4.3074
D) 1.3707
Answer: A
215) log 93,600

A) 6.8418
B) 6.8417
C) 4.9713
D) 6.8415
Answer: C
216) log (-6)

A) 1.7918
B) 1.9459
C) Does not exist
D) 5
Answer: C
217) ln 226
A) 83.3948
B) 0.1839
C) 5.4205
D) 2.3541
Answer: C
218) ln 0.999
A) 0.0004
B) -0.0010
C) 0.0010
D) -0.0004
Answer: B
138
219) ln 66,600,000
A) 0.0553
B) 7.8235
C) 18.0142
D) 6.5013
Answer: C
220) ln 0.000316
A) 3.5003
B) -8.0598
C) 8.0598
D) -3.5003
Answer: B
221) ln 0
A) Does not exist
B) -0.7054
C) -0.6808
D) -0.6697
Answer: A
Find the logarithm using the change-of-base formula.

222) log9 7
A) -0.8856
B) 1.7712
C) 1.1292
D) 0.8856
Answer: D
223) log300 30
A) 3.4012
B) 1.677
C) 0.5963
D) 5.7038
Answer: C
224) logπ 100

A) 0.2486
B) 4.6052
C) 1.1447
D) 4.023
Answer: D
225) log200 40
A) 1.4363
B) 5.2983
C) 3.6889
D) 0.6962
Answer: D
139
226) log8 51.92
A) 1.7153
B) 0.5265
C) 6.4900
D) 1.8994
Answer: D
227) log7 0.96

A) -47.6682
B) -0.0177
C) -0.0210
D) 7.2917
Answer: C
228) log8.9 249

A) 27.9775
B) 2.5239
C) 2.3962
D) 0.3962
Answer: B
229) log7.1 5.5

A) 0.7746
B) 0.7404
C) 1.1498
D) 0.8697
Answer: D
230) log40 58.22

A) 1.4555
B) 1.1018
C) 1.7651
D) 0.9076
Answer: B
231) log5.3 1500

A) 4.3852
B) 1.6677
C) 7.3132
D) 0.228
Answer: A
Graph the function and its inverse using the same set of axes. Use any method.
140
232) f(x) = 4 x; f-1 (x) = log4 x
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
141
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: D
233) f(x) = log3 x; f-1 (x) = 3x
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
142
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: A
143
234) f(x) = log x; f-1 (x) = 10x
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
144
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: A
235) f(x) = ex; f-1 (x) = ln x
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
145
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: C
146
236) f(x) = 3log x; f-1 (x) = 10x/3
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
147
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: A
237) f(x) = -3log x; f-1 (x) = 10x/-3
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
A)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
148
B)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
C)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
D)
y
5
-5 5 x
-5
Answer: C
Sketch the graph of the function. Describe how the graph can be obtained from the graph of a basic logarithmic function.
149
238) f(x) = log6 (x + 5)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = log6 x left 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = log6 x right 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = log6 x left 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
150
D) Shift y = log6 x right 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
239) f(x) = log6 (x - 5)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = log6 x right 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
151
B) Shift y = log6 x left 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = log6 x right 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = log6 x left 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
152
240) f(x) = ln(x - 2)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = ln x left 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = ln x left 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = ln x right 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
153
D) Shift y = ln x right 2 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
241) f(x) = ln(x + 2)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = ln x left 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
154
B) Shift y = ln x left 2 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = ln x right 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = ln x right 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
155
242) f(x) = 4 + log2 x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = log2 x up 4 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = log2 x up 4 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = log2 x down 4 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
156
D) Shift y = log2 x down 4 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
243) f(x) = 3 - log5 x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = log5 x down 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
157
B) Shift y = log5 x up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Reflect y = log5 x across the x-axis

and shift down 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Reflect y = log5 x across the x-axis

and shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
158
244) f(x) = ln x - 6
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = ln x right 6 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = ln x up 6 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = ln x down 6 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
159
D) Shift y = ln x down 6 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
245) f(x) = ln x + 2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = ln x right 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
160
B) Shift y = ln x down 2 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = ln x up 2 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = ln x left 2 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
161
246) f(x) = 5 ln x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Stretch y = ln x vertically
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shrink y = ln x vertically
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Stretch y = ln x horizontally
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
162
D) Shift y = ln x up 5 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
1
247) f(x) = ln x
5
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shrink y = ln x vertically
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
163
B) Stretch y = ln x vertically
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = ln x down 5 units

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shrink y = ln x horizontally
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
164
1
248) f(x) = log(x + 3) + 3
2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Shift y = log x to the left 3 units,

shrink it vertically, and shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = log x to the left 3 units,

shrink it vertically, and shift down 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
165
C) Shift y = log x to the left 3 units,
stretch it vertically, and shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D) Shift y = log x to the right 3 units,

shrink it vertically, and shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
249) f(x) = 3 - 5 log(x - 4)

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
166
A) Shift y = log x left 4 units, stretch it
vertically, reflect it over the x-axis, and
shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) Shift y = log x left 4 units, stretch it

vertically, and shift down 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) Shift y = log x right 4 units, stretch it

vertically, reflect it over the x-axis, and
shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
167
D) Shift y = log x left 4 units, stretch it
vertically, and shift up 3 units
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
Find the domain and the vertical asymptote of the function.

250) f(x) = log(x + 2)
A) Domain : (2, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = 2
B) Domain (1, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = 1
C) Domain (0, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = 0
D) Domain (-2, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = -2
Answer: D
251) f(x) = ln(-4 - x)

A) Domain: (- ∞, -4); vertical asymptote: x = -4
B) Domain: (-4, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = -4
C) Domain: (4, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 4
D) Domain: (- ∞, 4); vertical asymptote: x = 4
Answer: A
252) g(x) = ln(x - 6)

A) Domain: (-6, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = -6
B) Domain: (- ∞, ∞); vertical asymptote: none
D) Domain: (0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 0
Answer: C
253) f(x) = 3 + log2 x

A) Domain: (0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: none
B) Domain: (0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 0
D) Domain: [0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 0
Answer: B
168
254) f(x) = 3 - log2 x
A) Domain: [0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: none
D) Domain: [0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 0
Answer: C
255) f(x) = ln x - 3
A) Domain: (- 3, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = - 3
C) Domain: [0, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = 0
D) Domain: (- ∞, ∞); vertical asymptote: none
Answer: B
1
256) f(x) = log(x - 4) + 2
3
A) Domain (- ∞, -4); vertical asymptote: x = -4
B) Domain (-4, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = -4
C) Domain (- ∞, 4); vertical asymptote: x = 4
D) Domain (4, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = 4
Answer: D
257) f(x) = 5 - 5 log(x - 1)

A) Domain (- ∞, -1); vertical asymptote: x = -1
B) Domain (- ∞, 1); vertical asymptote: x = 1
C) Domain (1, ∞); vertical asymptote: x = 1
D) Domain (-1, ∞ ); vertical asymptote: x = -1
Answer: C
Graph the piecewise function.

258) f(x) = 3, for x ≤ 0,
log x - 6, for x > 0
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
169
A)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
B)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
170
D)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: A
259) f(x) = x + 2, for x ≤ 2,

ln(x - 2), for x > 2
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
171
B)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D)
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: A
172
Solve.
260) An earthquake was recorded with an intensity which was 31,623 times more powerful than a reference level
earthquake, or 31,623 ∙ I0. What is the magnitude of this earthquake on the Richter scale (rounded to the nearest
tenth)? The magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake of intensity I is log10(I/I0 ).
A) 0.5
B) 3.5
C) 10.4
D) 4.5
Answer: D
261) If an earthquake measured 8.5 on the Richter scale, what was the approximate intensity of the earthquake in
terms of I0 ? The magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake of intensity I is log10(I/I0).
A) 250,000,000 ∙ I0
B) 320,000,000 ∙ I0
C) 32,000,000 ∙ I0
D) 4900 ∙ I0
Answer: B
262) If an earthquake measured 8.3 on the Richter scale, what was the intensity of the earthquake in terms of I0? The
magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake of intensity I is log10(I/I0 ).
A) 158,489,319∙ I0
B) 199,526,231 ∙ I0
C) 19,952,623∙ I0
D) 4020∙ I0
Answer: B
263) An earthquake had an intensity 106.3 times more powerful than a reference level earthquake, or 106.3 ∙ I0 . What
was the magnitude of this earthquake on the Richter scale?
The magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake of intensity I is log10(I/I0 ).
A) 3.7
B) 6.3
C) 14.5
D) 16.3
Answer: B
264) The loudness, D, in decibels of a sound of intensity I is given by

D = 10 log (I/I0), where I is measured in watt/m2 and I0 = 10 -12 watt/m2 . What is the decibel level of a
noise whose intensity is 4.87 x 10-5 watt/m 2? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
A) 77 decibels
B) 67 decibels
C) 8 decibels
D) 177 decibels
Answer: A
173
265) The population growth of an animal species is described by F(t) = 400 log (2t + 3) where t is the number of
months since the species was introduced. Find the population of this species in an area 6 months after the
species is introduced.
A) 704
B) 470
C) 240
D) 74
Answer: B
266) The population growth of an animal species is described by F(t) = 300 + 20 log3 (2t + 1) where t is the number of
months since the species was introduced. Find the population of this species in an area 1 month(s) after the
species is introduced.
A) 360
B) 320
C) 200
D) 170
Answer: B
267) In chemistry, the pH of a substance is defined by pH = -log [H+ ], where [H+ ] is the hydrogen ion concentration
in moles per liter. Find the pH of a sample of lake water whose hydrogen ion concentration, [H+ ], is 3.05 x 10-9
moles per liter. (Round to the nearest tenth.)
A) 7.3
B) 8.5
C) 10.1
D) 6.4
Answer: B
268) The height in meters of girls of a certain tribe is approximated by h = 0.52 + 2 log (t/3) where t is the girl's age in
years and 1 ≤ t ≤ 20. Estimate the height (to the nearest hundredth of a meter) of a girl of the tribe 4 years of age.
A) 1.12 m
B) 0.52 m
C) 0.77 m
D) 0.96 m
Answer: C
269) Find the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution whose pH is 5.9. Use the formula pH = -log [H+ ].
A) 1.26 × 10-6
B) 7.94 × 105
C) 0.77085201
D) -0.770852
Answer: A
174
Express as a sum of logarithms.
270) log 6 (228 ∙ 255)
A) log 6 6 + log 228 228 + log 255 255
B) log 6 228 + log 6 255
C) log 228 6 + log 255 6
D) log 6 58,140 + log 6 58,140
Answer: B
271) log 10 xy
A) log 10 x + log 10 y
B) log 5 x + log 5 y
C) log 10 x - log 10 y
D) log 5 x - log 5 y
Answer: A
272) logr 9T
A) log 9 + log T
B) logr 9 + logr T + logr r
C) logr 9 + logr T
D) log7 r + logT r
Answer: C
273) log 2 (16 ∙ 4)

A) log 2 16 + log 2 4 + log 2 2
B) log 2 16 + log 2 4
C) log 2 4 + log 2 2
D) log 16 2 + log 4 2
Answer: B
274) log 8 11x

A) log 8 11 - log 8 x
B) log 4 11 - log 4 x
C) log 8 11 + log 8 x
D) log 4 11 + log 4 x
Answer: C
175
3
275) log6 Z
4
A) log6 3Z + log6 4
B) log3 Z + log4Z
3
C) log6 + log6 Z
4
3
D) log6 +Z
4
Answer: C
276) log8 0.13y

A) log8 0.13 + y
B) log 8 +log 0.13
C) log 0.13 + log y
D) log8 0.13 + log8 y
Answer: D
277) logx 5yz

A) log5 y + log5 z
B) (logx 5)(logx y)(logx z)
C) logx 5 + logx y + logx z
D) logx (5 + y + z)
Answer: C
278) ln 4x
A) ln 4 + ln x
B) ln 4x + ln x
C) ln(4 + x)
D) ln 4 - ln x
Answer: A
279) ln 0.6b
A) ln(0.6 + b)
B) ln 0.6 + ln b
C) ln 6 - ln b
D) ln 0.6 - ln b
Answer: B
Express as a product.
280) loga t3
A) log a 3
B) 3 log a t
C) log a 3t
D) log a 3 ∙ log a t
Answer: B
176
281) log 8 x8
A) log 8 8
B) log 8 8x
C) log 8 8 ∙ log 8 x
D) 8 log 8 x
Answer: D
282) log y31

A) y log 31
B) log y ∙ log y
C) 31 log y
D) log y ∙ log 31
Answer: C
283) ln y77
A) 77 ln y
B) ln y ∙ ln y
C) ln y ∙ ln 77
D) y ln 77
Answer: A
284) log c K-5

A) -5 log c K
B) K log c -5
C) log c K ∙ log c K
D) log c K ∙ log c -5
Answer: A
285) log b N-8

A) N log b -8
B) log b N ∙ log b -8
C) -8 log b N
D) log b N ∙ log b N
Answer: C
286) log4 y
A) y log 4
B) log4 y
1
C) log4 y
2
1
D) ylog4
2
Answer: C
177
3
287) ln 8
3
A) ln 8
B) 3 ln 8
1
C) ln ∙ ln 8
3
1
D) ln 8
3
Answer: D
Express as a difference of logarithms.

13
288) log 8
10
A) log 8 10 - log 8 13
B) log 8 13 ÷ log 8 10
C) log 8 13 - log 8 10
D) log 4 13 - log 4 10
Answer: C
x
289) ln
3
A) ln (x - 3)
B) ln x - ln 3
ln x
C)
ln 3
D) ln 3 - ln x
Answer: B
4
290) log
11
A) log 4 - log 11
B) log 11 - log 4
C) log 4 ÷ log 11
D) log ( 4 - 11 )
Answer: A
M
291) log
g 60
A) log 60 - log M
g g
B) log M - log 60
g g
C) log (M - 60)
g
D) log M ÷ log 60
g g
Answer: B
178
5
292) log b
w
A) log b 5 - log b w
B) log b 5 ÷ log b w
C) log b w - log b 5
D) log b - log w
Answer: A
F
293) loga
N
A) loga F ÷ loga N
B) loga (F - N)
C) loga F - loga N
D) loga N - loga F
Answer: C
Express in terms of sums and differences of logarithms.

294) loga x2 yz2
A) 2 loga x + loga y + 2loga z
B) 2 loga x ∙ loga y ∙ 2loga z
C) (loga x)2 + loga y + (loga z) 2
D) loga 2x + loga y + loga 2z
Answer: A
295) loga 3x6yz3

A) loga 3 + loga6x + logay + loga 3z
B) 18 loga 3xyz
C) loga 3 ∙ 6loga x ∙ logay ∙ 3logaz
D) loga 3 + 6loga x + logay + 3logaz
Answer: D
5x4
296) log
y9
4 9
A) log 5 + (log x) - (log y)
B) log 5 ∙ 4 log x - 9 log y
C) log (5 + x4 - y9)
D) log 5 + 4 log x - 9 log y
Answer: D
179
x9 z
297) log
y3
A) 9 log x + log z - 3 log y
B) log (9x + z) - 3 log y
C) (log x)9 + log z - (log y)3
D) 9 log x ∙ log z - 3 log y
Answer: A
17 x
298) log 7
y
1
A) log 7 y - log 7 17 - log 7 x
2
B) log 7 ( 17 x ) - log 7 y
1
C) log 7 17 + log 7 x - log 7 y
2
1
D) log 7 17 ∙ log 7 x ÷ log 7 y
2
Answer: C
m 4 p2
299) logb
n 5 b8
A) logb (m 4 p2 - n5 b8 )
B) 4logbm + 2logbp - 5logbn - 8
C) 4logbm ∙ 2logbp ÷ 5logbn - 8
D) 4logbm + 2logbp - 5logbn + 8
Answer: B
300) ln x3 y
3 1
A) ln x + ln y
2 2
3 1
B) ln x+ y
2 2
C) 3 ln x + ln y
D) 3 ln x + ln y
Answer: A
180
x3 y2
301) logb
z5
3
A) logbx + 2logby - 5logbz
2
3 5
B) logbx - logby + logbz
2 2
3 5
C) logbx ∙ logby ÷ logbz
2 2
3 5
D) logbx + logby - logbz
2 2
Answer: D
3 x4
302) logb
y8z 6
1
A) logbx4 - logby8 - logbz 6
3
4 8
B) logbx - logby + 2logbz
3 3
C) 4logbx - 8logby - 6logbz
4 8
D) logbx - logby - 2logbz
3 3
Answer: D
4 x5 b2
303) logb
y4z 10
5
A) logbx + 2 - 4logby - 10logbz
4
5 1 5
B) logbx + - logby - logbz
4 2 2
5 1 5
C) logbx ∙ - (log by ∙ logbz)
4 2 2
5 1 5
D) logbx + - logby + logbz
4 2 2
Answer: B
Express as a single logarithm and, if possible, simplify.

304) loga 68 + loga 3
A) 68 loga 3
B) loga 204
C) loga 68 ∙ loga 3
68
D) loga
3
Answer: B
181
305) loga 0.01 + loga 100
1
A) loga
10000
B) loga 1
C) 0.01 loga 100
D) loga 0.01 ∙ loga 100
Answer: B
306) loga 100 - loga 10

A) loga 10
B) loga 90
C) 10 loga 100
1
D) loga
10
Answer: A
307) ln 72 - ln 8
A) ln(64)
9
B) ln
8
C) ln(9)
8
D) ln
9
Answer: C
1
308) ln x - ln 3
2
x
A) ln
3
x
B) ln -3
2
x
C) ln
3
D) ln( x - 3)
Answer: A
309) 6 log c x - log c y

6x
A) log c
y
x6
B) log c
y
C) log c x 6 ÷ log c y
D) log c ( x 6 - y )
Answer: B
182
1
310) log s + 3 log m
2
A) log m 3 s
B) log ( m 3 + s )
sm 3
C) log
2
s
D) log + 3m
2
Answer: A
1
311) loga x + 3 loga y - 4 loga x
2
y3
A) loga
x7/2
B) loga x6 y3
C) loga x4 y3
D) loga x y3
Answer: A
2 1
312) loga x + loga y
3 9
A) loga (x2/3 y1/9)
2
B) loga xy
27
C) loga (xy2/27)
D) loga (x2/3 + y1/9 )
Answer: A
313) ln (x2 - 36) - ln (x + 6)

A) ln (x - 36)
B) ln (x + 6)
C) ln (x - 6)
D) ln (x2 - 6)
Answer: C
314) log(t3 + 1000) - log(t + 10)

log(t3 + 1000)
A)
log(t + 10)
B) log(t2 - 10t + 100)
C) log(t3 - t + 1000)
D) log(t2 + 10t + 100)
Answer: B
183
315) log (y2 - 3y + 2) - log (y2 - 1)
A) log(-3y + 3)
(y - 2)
B) log
(y - 1)
log (y2 - 3y + 2)
C)
log (y2 - 1)
(y - 2)
D) log
(y + 1)
Answer: D
316) logb x7 - 2logb x

A) logb (x7 - x)
B) logb x6
logb x7
C)
logb x
D) logb x8
Answer: B
317) logb 3x + 4(logb x - logb y)

12x2
A) logb
y4
(logb 3x)(logb x4)
B)
logb y4
3x5
C) logb
y4
D) logb (3x + x4 - y4 )
Answer: C
3
318) log a - log a 3x
x
3
A) log a
x
3x
B) log a
6
1
C) log a
x
3
D) log a - 3x
x
Answer: A
184
319) ln w - 3[2ln (w - 6) - ln (w + 6)]
w(w + 6)2
A) ln
(w - 6)2
w(w + 6)3
B) ln
(w - 6)6
w(w - 6)3
C) ln
(w + 6)2
w(w + 6)2
D) ln
(w - 6)3
Answer: B
2
320) [ln (j2 - 9) - ln(j + 3)] + ln (j + y)
3
A) ln (j - 3)2/3(j + y)
B) ln (j + 3)2/3(j + y)
C) ln (j - 3)(j - y)
D) ln (j - 3)2/3(j - y)
Answer: A
3 4
321) ln 4y6 - ln 2m 15
2 5
7
A) ln (8 ym 90)
10
2 11/5y9
B) ln
m 12
2 11/5y3
C) ln
m3
D) 8 ln (ym 90)
Answer: B
5
322) 8 ln x3 - 10 ln y4
8
A) ln(x12 - y )
15x8
B) ln
8y10
8x3/2
C) ln
10 y4/5
x12
D) ln
y8
Answer: D
185
Solve.
2
323) Given that loga 2 = 0.693, and loga 11 = 2.398, find loga .
11
A) 1.705
B) 3.091
C) -1.705
D) 0.289
Answer: C
1
324) Given that loga 2 = 0.693, and loga 5 = 1.609, find loga .
10
A) -0.896
B) 0.916
C) -2.303
D) 0.896
Answer: C
325) Given that loga 5 = 0.699, and loga 11 = 1.041, find loga 55
A) Cannot be found from the given information.
B) 0.489
C) 0.728
D) 1.74
Answer: D
326) Given that loga 7 = 0.845, and loga 2 = 0.301, find loga 343.
A) 2.535
B) 1.146
C) 0.254
D) 0.603
Answer: A
327) Given that loga 2 = 0.693, loga6 = 1.792, and loga 5 = 1.609, find loga 60.
A) 3.401
B) 1.998
C) 4.401
D) 4.094
Answer: D
328) Given that loga 2 = 0.3010 and loga 3 = 0.4771, find loga 54.
A) 0.4308
B) 1.7323
C) 1.3801
D) 0.4096
Answer: B
186
9
329) Given that loga 2 = 0.3010 and loga 3 = 0.4771, find loga
8
A) 2.0333
B) 0.1992
C) 0.8293
D) 0.0512
Answer: D
330) Let log b A = 2.484 and log b B = 0.357. Find log b AB.
A) 6.958
B) 0.887
C) 2.841
D) 2.127
Answer: C
A
331) Let log b A = 1.830 and log b B = 0.28. Find log b .
B
A) 0.512
B) 1.830
C) 1.550
D) 2.110
Answer: C
332) Given log b 3 = 0.8397 and log b 7 = 1.4873, evaluate log b 3b .

A) 0.8397
B) 2.327
C) 1.12
D) 1.8397
Answer: D
Simplify.
333) loga a 9
A) 1
B) 9loga a
C) a 9
D) 9
Answer: D
334) ln e4
A) 4 ln e
B) e4
C) 1
D) 4
Answer: D
187
335) 3 log3 (4x - 2)
A) 4x - 2
B) 3 (4x - 2)
C) 3
D) 1
Answer: A
336) 7 log7 (5x)

A) 7 5x
B) 1
C) 7
D) 5x
Answer: D
337) 10log t
A) 1
B) 10t
C) 10t
D) t
Answer: D
338) log e e x - 13
A) log e 13
B) 13log e e
C) x - 13
D) log x - 13
Answer: C
25
339) eln x
A) x
B) x25
25
C) ex
D) ln x25
Answer: B
340) log 10-28

A) 28
B) log -28
C) 28 log 10
D) -28
Answer: D
188
341) log b b5
A) 5
1
B)
2
5
C)
2
D) 3
Answer: C
Solve the exponential equation.

342) 5 x = 25
A) 5
B) 2
C) 1
D) 3
Answer: B
343) 5 (6 - 2x) = 25
A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) -2
Answer: B
344) 2 x = 18
A) 9.000
B) 4.170
C) 0.240
D) 2.197
Answer: B
345) 4 (1 + 2x) = 64
A) 16
B) 1
C) -1
D) 4
Answer: B
346) 7 2x = 7 18.4
A) 7
B) -9.2
C) 9.2
D) 64.4
Answer: C
189
347) 5 7x = 125
A) 243
B) 125
3
C)
7
7
D)
3
Answer: C
2
348) 64 = 45x ∙ 16x
1
A) -3 ,
2
1
B) 3 , -
2
C) -3 , -4
D) 3 , 4
Answer: A
2 1
349) 3 x + 5 x =
729
A) 2 , -3
B) 2 , 3
C) -2 , -3
D) -2 , 3
Answer: C
350) 25x = 10-4x

A) 25
B) -4
C) 0
D) 100
Answer: C
Solve the exponential equation. Round to three decimal places when necessary.
351) 3 x+6 = 4 x
A) -22.913
B) 23.973
C) 21.853
D) 22.913
Answer: D
352) e-x = 4 2x
A) 0.693
B) No solution
C) 4
D) 0
Answer: D
190
353) e-t = 0.02
A) 4.012
B) -3.912
C) 3.712
D) 3.912
Answer: D
354) e-0.12t = 0.19

A) -20.59
B) -11.779
C) 13.839
D) 10.601
Answer: C
355) (3.4)x = 41
A) 3.158
B) 3.022
C) 3.035
D) 3.047
Answer: C
356) 150 - (1.72)x = 0

A) 10.473
B) 10.251
C) 8.005
D) 9.239
Answer: D
357) ex + e-x = 3
A) 0.916, -0.693
B) 0.557, -1.368
C) 1.195, -1.195
D) 0.962, -0.962
Answer: D
358) ex - 12e-x = 4
A) 1.668
B) 1.804
C) 1.915
D) 1.792
Answer: D
ex + e-x
359) =5
ex - e-x
A) 0.28
B) 0.215
C) 0.203
D) 0.326
Answer: C
191
8 x - 8 -x
360) =2
8 x + 8 -x
A) -1.099
B) 0.693
C) -0.424
D) No solution
Answer: D
Solve the logarithmic equation.

361) log 2 x = 3
A) 100
B) 6
C) 8
D) 9
Answer: C
1
362) log 16 x =
2
A) 256
B) 4
C) 65,536
D) 0.00001526
Answer: B
363) log 4 x = -5
1
A)
625
B) 625
1
C)
1024
D) 1024
Answer: C
364) log x = 5
A) 5
B) 100,000
C) 50
D) 0.5
Answer: B
365) ln x = 7
A) 10,000,000
B) e7
C) ln 7
D) 7e
Answer: B
192
366) log (x - 3) = 1 - log x
A) 5
B) -2, 5
C) -5, 2
D) -5
Answer: A
367) ln(4x - 3) = ln 3 - ln (x - 1)
7
A) 0,
4
B) ∅
7
C)
4
1
D) 1,
4
Answer: C
368) log4 (x - 6) + log4 (x - 6) = 1

A) 37
B) - 37, 37
C) -8, 8
D) 8
Answer: D
369) log 3 x = log 4 + log (x - 1 )

A) 4
4
B) -
7
C) -4
3
D)
2
Answer: A
370) log ( 4 + x) - log (x - 4 ) = log 3

A) ∅
3
B)
2
C) - 8
D) 8
Answer: D
193
371) log6 (6x - 2) = 3
A) 212
218
B)
5
109
C)
3
log6 3 + 2
D)
6
Answer: C
372) ln x - ln (x - 7) = ln 9
7 ln 9
A)
ln 9 - 1
63
B)
8
C) 2
D) No solution
Answer: B
373) log (x + 10) - log (x + 4) = log x

A) 2, -5
B) No solution
C) 2
D) 6
Answer: C
374) log2 (x + 2) + log2 (x - 2) = 3

11
A)
2
B) 2 3
8
C)
3
D) 12
Answer: B
Solve.
375) When interest is compounded continuously, the balance in an account after t years is given by P(t) = P0 ekt,
where P0 is the initial investment and k is the interest rate. Suppose that P0 is invested in a savings account
where interest is compounded continuously at 8% per year. Express P(t) in terms of P0 and 0.08.
A) P(t) = P0e8t
B) P(t) = P0e0.08t
C) P(t) = P0e0.8t
D) P(t) = P0e0.08
Answer: B
194
376) Under ideal conditions, a population of rabbits has an exponential growth rate of 11.8% per day. Consider an
initial population of 1000 rabbits. Find the exponential growth function.
A) P(t) = 100e1.18t
B) P(t) = 100e11.8t
C) P(t) = 100e0.118t
D) P(t) = 1000e0.118t
Answer: D
377) In 1998, the population of Country C was 36 million, and the exponential growth rate was 1% per year. Find the
exponential growth function.
A) P(t) = 360.01t , where P(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1998.
B) P(t) = 36e0.01t, where P(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1998.
C) P(t) = 36e0.01, where P(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1998.
D) P(t) = 36e1t, where P(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1998.
Answer: B
378) In 1985, the number of female athletes participating in Summer Olympic-Type Games was 550. In 1996, about
3550 participated in the Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Assuming that P(0) = 500 and that the exponential model
applies, find the value of k rounded to the hundredths place, and write the function.
A) k = 0.19; P(t) = 500e0.19t
B) k = 0.17; P(t) = 500e0.27t
C) k = 0.17; P(t) = 500e0.17t
D) k = 0.16; P(t) = 500e0.16t
Answer: C
379) In 1996, an outbreak of a disease infected 18 people in a large community. By 1997, the number of those
infected had grown to 32. Find an exponential growth function that fits the data. (Round decimals to three
places.)
A) N(t) = 18e0.575t, where t is the number of years after 1997.
B) N(t) = 18e5.75t, where t is the number of years after 1996.
C) N(t) = 18e0.575t, where t is the number of years after 1996.
D) N(t) = 18e5.75t, where t is the number of years after 1997.
Answer: C
380) Let's imagine that in 2001, a surgeon performs the first brain transplant, the only transplant performed that
year. If in 2010, there are 1343 brain transplants, find an exponential growth function that fits the data. (Round
decimals to three places.)
A) N(t) = e0.8t, where t is the number of years after 2010.
B) N(t) = 1343e0.8t, where t is the number of years after 2001.
C) N(t) = e0.8, where t is the number of years after 2001.
D) N(t) = e0.8t, where t is the number of years after 2001.
Answer: D
195
381) The sales of typewriters have declined considerably in recent years because of the advent of computers.
Assume that there were 23 million typewriters sold in 1980 and 5 million sold in 1990. In addition, assume the
sales are decreasing according to the exponential decay model. Find the value k, and write an exponential
function that describes the number of typewriters sold after time t, in years. (Round decimals to three places.)
A) k = 0.161; S(t) = 23e-0.161t, where S(t) is in millions and t is the number of years since 1980.
B) k = 0.153; S(t) = 23e-0.153t, where S(t) is in millions and t is the number of years since 1980.
C) k = 0.314; S(t) = 23e-0.314t, where S(t) is in millions and t is the number of years since 1980.
D) k = -0.153; S(t) = 23e-0.153t, where S(t) is in millions and t is the number of years since 1980.
Answer: B
382) Assume that in 1985, the annual consumption of pork was about 53 lb per person and that in 1997, it was about
38 lb per person. In addition, assume that consumption is decreasing according to the exponential decay model.
Find the value k, and write an exponential function that describes pork consumption after time t, in years.
(Round decimals to three places.)
A) k = 0.028; C(t) = e-0.028t, where t is the number of years since 1985.
B) k = 0.028; C(t) = 53e-0.028t, where t is the number of years since 1985.
C) k = -0.028; C(t) = 53e-0.028t, where t is the number of years since 1997.
D) k = 0.303; C(t) = 53e0.303t, where t is the number of years since 1985.
Answer: B
383) A painting was sold in 1985 for $ 2 million. The painting was then resold in 1996 for $ 6 million. Assume that
the painting's value increases exponentially. Find the exponential growth rate k, and determine the exponential
growth function, assuming V0 = 2. (Round decimals to three places.)
A) k = 0.1; V(t) = 2e0.1t, where V(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1985.
B) k = 0.092; V(t) = 2e0.092t, where V(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1985.
C) k = 0.1; V(t) = 2e0.1t, where V(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1997.
D) k = 0.1; V(t) = 2e0.1, where V(t) is in millions and t is the number of years after 1985.
Answer: A
384) The number of farms in a certain state has declined continually since 1950. In 1950, there were 84,294 farms and
in 1995 that number had decreased to 22,521. Assuming the number of farms decreased according to the
exponential model, find the value of k and write an exponential function that describes the number of farms
after time t, in years, where t is the number of years since 1950.
A) k = -0.031 ; P(t) = P0 e-0.031t
B) k = -0.028 ; P(t) = P0 e-0.028t
C) k = -0.033 ; P(t) = P0 e-0.033t
D) k = -0.029 ; P(t) = P0 e-0.029t
Answer: D
385) How long will it take for the population of a certain country to double if its annual growth rate is 4.3%? Round
to the nearest year.
A) 7 yr
B) 16 yr
C) 1 yr
D) 47 yr
Answer: B
196
386) If the population of a certain country doubles in 11.00 years, find the growth rate k. Assume that the population
increases exponentially.
A) 6.3%
B) 3.1%
C) 8.2%
D) 5.7%
Answer: A
387) The number of books in a small library increases according to the function B = 7300e0.04t, where t is measured
in years. How many books will the library have after 10 year(s)?
A) 6689
B) 2905
C) 18,337
D) 10,890
Answer: D
388) The population of a small country increases according to the function B = 1,200,000e0.03t, where t is measured
in years. How many people will the country have after 7 years?
A) 1,946,172
B) 1,872,777
C) 813,337
D) 1,480,414
Answer: D
389) How long will it take for prices in the economy to double at a 9% annual inflation rate? (Round to the nearest
year.)
A) 13 yr
B) 7 yr
C) 8 yr
D) 23 yr
Answer: C
390) How long will it take for the population of a certain country to triple if its annual growth rate is 2%? Round to
the nearest year.
A) 24 yr
B) 2 yr
C) 55 yr
D) 151 yr
Answer: C
391) There are currently 63 million cars in a certain country, decreasing by 2.8% annually. How many years will it
take for this country to have 41 million cars? Round to the nearest year.
A) 3 yr
B) 15 yr
C) 110 yr
D) 8 yr
Answer: B
197
392) There are currently 56 million cars in a certain country, increasing exponentially by 2% annually. How many
years will it take for this country to have 68 million cars? Round to the nearest year.
A) 6 yr
B) 4 yr
C) 10 yr
D) 124 yr
Answer: C
393) The population of a particular city is increasing at a rate proportional to its size. It follows the function P(t) = 1 +
ke0.06t where k is a constant and t is the time in years. If the current population is 14,000, in how many years is
the population expected to be 35,000? (Round to the nearest year.)
A) 7 yr
B) 15 yr
C) 90 yr
D) 8 yr
Answer: B
394) Susan purchased a painting in the year 2000 for $5000. Assuming an exponential rate of inflation of 2.2% per
year, how much will the painting be worth 5 years later?
A) $7812.90
B) $9176.03
C) $5581.39
D) $4891.02
Answer: C
395) How long will it take for $1600 to grow to $14,000 at an interest rate of 3.7% if the interest is compounded
continuously? Round the number of years to the nearest hundredth.
A) 0.59 yr
B) 5.86 yr
C) 5862.31 yr
D) 58.62 yr
Answer: D
396) How long will it take for $2200 to grow to $20,000 at an interest rate of 6.6% if the interest is compounded
quarterly? Round the number of years to the nearest hundredth.
A) 138.87 yr
B) 134.87 yr
C) 33.72 yr
D) 34.54 yr
Answer: C
397) Suppose that $4000 is invested at an interest rate of 5.5% per year, compounded continuously. What is the
doubling time?
A) 13.6 yr
B) 2 yr
C) 11.6 yr
D) 12.6 yr
Answer: D
198
398) Suppose that $12,000 is invested at an interest rate of 5.5% per year, compounded continuously. What is the
balance after 9 years?
A) $17,940.00
B) $19,785.98
C) $12,660.00
D) $19,685.98
Answer: D
399) Randy invested his inheritance in an account that paid 6.1% interest, compounded continuously. After 9 years,
he found that he now had $59,403.28. What was the original amount of his inheritance?
A) $20,927.27
B) $33,307.00
C) $34,307
D) $35,307.00
Answer: C
400) Kimberly invested $6000 in her savings account for 5 years. When she withdrew it, she had $6832.97. Interest
was compounded continuously. What was the interest rate on the account?
A) 2.5%
B) 2.6%
C) 2.75%
D) 2.7%
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

401) A sample of 600 grams of radioactive substance decays according to the function A(t) = 600e-0.045t, where t is
the time in years. How much of the substance will be left in the sample after 20 years? Round to the nearest
whole gram.
A) 778 g
B) 244 g
C) 1 g
D) 0 g
Answer: B
402) How long will it take a sample of radioactive substance to decay to half of its original amount, if it decays
according to the function A(t) = 200e-0.227t, where t is the time in years? Round to the nearest hundredth year.
A) 45.40 yr
B) 3.05 yr
C) 26.39 yr
D) 23.34 yr
Answer: B
403) A certain radioactive isotope has a half-life of approximately 1800 years. How many years would be required
for a given amount of this isotope to decay to 60 % of that amount?
A) 1267 yr
B) 720 yr
C) 2379 yr
D) 1327 yr
Answer: D
199
404) An artifact is discovered at a certain site. If it has 61 % of the carbon-14 it originally contained, what is the
approximate age of the artifact? (carbon-14 decays at the rate of 0.012% annually.)
A) 3250 yr
B) 4119 yr
C) 5083 yr
D) 1789 yr
Answer: B
405) A certain radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 0.1 % annually. Determine the half-life of this isotope, to the
nearest year.
A) 7 yr
B) 301 yr
C) 693 yr
D) 500 yr
Answer: C
406) A certain radioactive isotope has a half-life of 252 years. Determine the annual decay rate, k.
A) 0.265%
B) 0.195%
C) 0.135%
D) 0.275%
Answer: D
407) There are currently 65 million cars in a certain country, decreasing exponentially by 4.9 % annually. How
many years will it take for this country to have 36 million cars? Round to the nearest year.
A) 69 yr
B) 29 yr
C) 12 yr
D) 6 yr
Answer: C
408) The number of acres in a landfill is given by the function B = 4600e-0.05t, where t is measured in years. How
many acres will the landfill have after 6 years? (Round to the nearest acre.)
A) 3408 acres
B) 5538 acres
C) 2305 acres
D) 2405 acres
Answer: A
409) A bacterial culture has an initial population of 10,000. If its population declines to 4000 in 6 hours, what will it
be at the end of 8 hours? Assume that the population decreases according to the exponential model.
A) 3000
B) 2947
C) 2530
D) 1474
Answer: B
200
410) A bacterial culture has an initial population of 10,000. If its population declines to 7000 in 2 hours, when will its
population be 4900? Assume that the population decreases according to the exponential model.
A) after 5 hr
B) after 4 hr
C) after 7 hr
D) after 9 hr
Answer: B
Solve.
411) In a town whose population is 3000, a disease creates an epidemic. The number N of people infected t days after
3000
the disease has begun is given by the function N(t) = . Find the number infected after 8 days.
1 + 21.6e-0.6t
A) 2550
B) 2549
C) 2545
D) 2547
Answer: D
412) A lake is stocked with 547 fish of a new variety. The size of the lake, the availability of food, and the number of
other fish restrict growth in the lake to a limiting value of 3418. The population of fish in the lake after time t, in
3418
months, is given by the function P(t) = . Find the population after 1 month(s).
1 + 5.87e-0.27t
A) 624
B) 614
C) 634
D) 639
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

413) Newton's Law of Cooling states that if a body with temperature T1 is placed in surroundings with temperature
T0 different from T1 , then the body will either cool or warm to temperature T(t) after time t, in minutes, where
T(t) = T0 + (T1 - T0 )e-kt.
A cup of coffee with temperature 105°F is placed in a freezer with temperature 0°F. After 7 minutes, the
temperature of the coffee is 61.7°F. What will its temperature be 14 minutes after it is placed in the freezer?
Round your answer to the nearest degree.
A) 28°F
B) 30°F
C) 36°F
D) 33°F
Answer: C
201
414) Newton's Law of Cooling states that if a body with temperature T1 is placed in surroundings with temperature
T0 different from T1 , then the body will either cool or warm to temperature T(t) after time t, in minutes, where
T(t) = T0 + (T1 - T0 )e-kt.
A dish of lasagna baked at 400°F is taken out of the oven into a kitchen that is 74°F. After 5 minutes, the
temperature of the lasagna is 353.2°F. What will its temperature be 14 minutes after it was taken out of the
oven? Round your answer to the nearest degree.
A) 270°F
B) 294°F
C) 279°F
D) 285°F
Answer: D
Choose the function that might be used as a model for the data in the scatter plot.
415)
y
10
8
Sales (in millions)
2 4 x
Year
A) Exponential, f(x) = ab-x or f(x) = P0 e-kx, k > 0

B) Logarithmic, f(x) = a + b ln x
C) Exponential, f(x) = abx or f(x) = P0 ekx, k > 0
D) Polynomial, not quadratic
Answer: A
202
416)
y
2
Sales (in millions)
25 50 x
Year
A) Logarithmic, f(x) = a + b ln x
B) Polynomial, not quadratic
C) Exponential, f(x) = abx or f(x) = P0 ekx, k > 0
a
D) Logistic, f(x) =
1 + be-kx
Answer: D
417)
y
8
6
Sales (in millions)
2 4 6 8 x
Year
A) Quadratic, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

C) Polynomial, not quadratic
D) Exponential, f(x) = abx or f(x) = P0 ekx, k > 0
Answer: A
203
418)
y
8
6
Sales (in millions)
2 4 6 8 x
Year
A) Polynomial, not quadratic

a
B) Logistic, f(x) =
1 + be-kx
C) Quadratic, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
D) Exponential, f(x) = ab-x or f(x) = P0 e-kx, k > 0
Answer: A
419)
y
8
6
Sales (in millions)
2 4 6 8 x
Year
A) Polynomial, not quadratic
C) Exponential, f(x) = ab-x or f(x) = P0 e-kx, k > 0
a
D) Logistic, f(x) =
1 + be-kx
Answer: B
204
420)
y
8
6
Sales (in millions)
2 4 6 8 x
Year
A) Exponential, f(x) = abx or f(x) = P0 ekx, k > 0

C) Exponential, f(x) = ab-x or f(x) = P0 e-kx, k > 0
D) Quadratic, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Answer: A
Provide an appropriate response.

421) Explain why f(x) = 2 x is an exponential function but f(x) = x2 is not.
Answer: 2 x is an exponential function because the variable is in the exponent. In f(x) = x2 , the variable is not in the
exponent; this is a polynomial function.
422) Suppose that $1000 is invested for 5 years at 4% interest, compounded annually. In what year will the most
interest be earned? Why?
Answer: The most interest will be earned in the fifth year, because the amount on which the interest is paid is
greatest at the end of the fourth year.
423) Without using a calculator, explain why 2 π must be greater than 8 but less than 16.
Answer: Since 3 < π < 4, 2 3 < 2π < 2 4 ; that is 2 π is greater than 2 3 (or 8), but less than 2 4 (or 16). This is true
because 2 x is an increasing function.
424) Without using a calculator, determine which of these numbers is larger: π1.3 or π2.4.
Answer: Since the bases are the same, the base with the larger exponent is the larger number. Thus, π2.4 is larger.
425) Without using a calculator, determine which of these numbers is larger: 8 3 or 8 3.
Answer: 8 3 = 8 3/2 and 3/2 < 3, so 8 3 is larger.
426) Explain why 1 is excluded from being a logarithmic base.

Answer: It excludes x = 1 y which is not a function.
205
427) Explain why log 13 is between 3 and 4.
2
Answer: log 2 8 = 3 and log 2 16 = 4. Since 8 < 13 < 16, then 3 < log 2 13 < 4. This is true because log 2 x is an
increasing function.
log a 5
428) Explain why a = 5.
log a 5
Answer: Let log 5 = x. Then ax = 5. Replacing x with log 5, we have a = 5.
a a
rs
429) The product, power, and quotient rules enable us to simplify expressions like log . Explain why such
a pv
expressions can always be simplified without using the quotient rule.
rs
Answer: The quotient can be written as the product rs(p-1 )(v-1 )
pv
430) Explain the error in the following: log 2 + log M = log (2 + M).
3 3 3
Answer: A sum of logarithms is not equal to a logarithm of a sum. log 2 + log M = log 2M
3 3 3
431) Explain the error in the following: log 3y = log 3 ∙ log y.

4 4 4
Answer: A logarithm of a product is not equal to a product of logarithms. log 3y = log 3 + log y
4 4 4
432) Explain the error in the following: log 8 - log N = log (8 - N).
6 6 6
Answer: A difference of logarithms is not equal to the logarithm of the difference.
8
log 6 8 - log 6 N = log 6 N
433) Explain how the graph of f(x) = ex could be used to graph the function g(x) = 1 + ln x.
Answer: Reflect the graph of f(x) = ex across the line y = x and then translate it up one unit.
434) Explain how the graph of f(x) = ln x could be used to graph the function g(x) = ex - 1.
Answer: Reflect the graph of f(x) = ln x across the line y = x and then translate it to the right one unit.
435) Explain how the equation log x = 1 could be solved using the graph of f(x) = log x.
Answer: Graph f(x) = log x and g(x) = 1 on the same set of axes. The solution is the first coordinate of the point of
intersection of the two graphs.
436) Explain why negative numbers do not have logarithms.

Answer: Consider f(x) = log x, or y = log x, where a is a positive constant other than 1. Then ay = x, and since a
a a
is positive, x must be positive.
206
5 9x - 1
437) Find f(f-1 (1401)) given that f(x) = .
7x - 7
Answer: 1401
207
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College Algebra Graphs and Models 5th Edition Bittinger

Algebra and Trigonometry Graphs and Models 6th Edition

Elementary and Intermediate Algebra Graphs and Models

Algebra and Trigonometry Graphs and Models 5th Edition

Elementary and Intermediate Algebra Graphs and Models

Precalculus Graphs and Models A Right Triangle Approach

Find the inverse of the relation.

2) {(-6, 6), (-1, 6), (-10, -6)}

3) {(-1, -9), (0, -9), (1, 9), (2, -2)}

4) {(-5, -2), (5, 2), (-5, 4), (5, -4)}

5) {(6, -12), (8, -11), (6, -10), (4, -9)}

Find an equation of the inverse relation.

Provide an appropriate response.

20) Prove that the function f is one-to-one.

21) Prove that the function f is one-to-one.

23) Prove that the function f is not one-to-one.

24) Prove that the function f is not one-to-one.

25) Prove that the function f is not one-to-one.

26) Prove that the function f is not one-to-one.

Using the horizontal-line test, determine whether the function is one-to-one.

34) f(x) = 4x2 - 1

40) f(x) = -x3 + 7

Find the inverse of the function.

47) f(x) = -7x

52) f(x) = 8x3 - 7

55) f(x) = x+3

58) f(x) = (x - 7)3

90) f(x) = (4x - 8)3

Find a formula for the inverse of the function described below.

Evaluate to four decimal places using a calculator.

Match the function with one of the graphs.

Graph the function.

126) f(x) = 3e-x

C) Shift y = 3x down 1 unit(s)

A) Shift y = 3x down 4 unit(s)

B) Shift y = 3x down 4 unit(s)

A) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s) and

C) Shift y = 3x right 1 unit(s) and

D) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s) and

A) Shift y = 3x left 2 unit(s) and

B) Shift y = 3x left 2 unit(s) and

D) Shift y = 3x right 2 unit(s) and

B) Shift y = 2x left 1 unit(s) and

C) Shift y = 2x right 1 unit(s) and

C) Shift y = 4x down 5 unit(s)

D) Shift y = 4x left 5 unit(s)

B) Shift y = 3x left 1 unit(s)

C) Shift y = 3x down 1 unit(s)

A) Reflect y = 5 x across the y-axis, reflect

C) Reflect y = 5 x across the y-axis, reflect

D) Shift y = 5x up 2 unit(s), reflect across

A) Shift y = 4x left 3 unit(s) and

B) Shift y = 4x left 3 unit(s) and

D) Shift y = 4x right 3 unit(s) and

B) Reflect y = 4 x across the x-axis and

C) Shift y = 4x right 4 unit(s) and reflect

A) Shift y = 4x right 1 unit(s), stretch it

C) Shift y = 4x left 1 unit(s), stretch it

D) Shift y = 4x right 1 unit(s), stretch it

144) f(x) = e2x - 2; relative to f(x) = ex