A LARCON

CHAPTER 1: LIMITS

EXERCISE 1.1
2
1. I f f x  x  4 x f i n d a f 5 b f y2 1 c f x x d f x 1 f x 1
2
a f 1  5 4 5

 25  20

f  1  45
2
b f y2 1  y2 1 4 y2 1

 y4 2y2 1 4y2 4

 y4 2y2 3

f y2 1  y2 3 y2 1
2
c f x  x  x  x 4 x  x
 x  x x  x 4

f x  x  x  x x  x4
2 2
d f x 1 f x 1  x 1 4 x 1  x 1 4 x 1

 x2  2x  1  4x  4  x2 2x  1 4x  4

 x2 2x  3  x2 6x  5

 x2 2x  3  x2 6x  5

f x  1  f x  1  4x  8 or 2 x  4
x2  3
2. I f y   find x as a function of y
x
x2  3
y
x

x2 3  xy

x2 xy 3  0

Find the value of x by using the quadratic

quadratic equation
equation..
2
b  b  4ac
x  a  1 b   y c  3
2a
2
 y  y 4 1 3
x
2 1
2
y y  12
x
2

3 If y= tan x    find x as a function of y.


y tan x
x   arctan y
x  arctan y  

4. Express the distance D travaled in t hr by a car whose speed is 60 km/hr.

Distance = Rate  Time
D  60 t

5. Express the area A of an equilateral triangle as a function of its side x.

1
A bh
2
2 3
a2  b  c2 Let b = x, h = x
2
2
1 2
x h  x2 1 3
2 A x x
2 2 x
1 2 2 2 x
x h  x 3
4 A x2
4
h2  x2  1 x2 1
4 x 3
2
2
2 4x  x2
h 
4 1 1
2 x x
2 3x 2 2
h 
4

3
h x
2
6. The stiffness
stiffness of a beam of rectangular
rectangular cross section is proporti
proportional
onal to the breadth and the cube of the depth.
depth.
If the breadth is 20 cm, express the stiffness as a function of the depth.

Let S = stiffness, b = breadth, d = depth

3
S bd
3
S  20 d
D
d

7. A right circular
circular cylinder,
cylinder, radius of base x, heigh
heightt y, is incribed
incribed in a right circular cone, radius
radius of base r and height
height h.
Express y as function of x (r and h are constant)

Using ratio and proportion of two similar

triangle  B C D and  A C E E

y h

r x r

D
ry  h r x h
h r x
y
r
y

A B C

r
2 f xh f x
8. If f x  x  1 find  h0
h
2
f xh f x xh 1  x2  1

h h

x2  2xh  h2  1  x2  1

h
2
2 xh  h

h
h 2xh

h
f xh f x
 2x  h
h

2 f h3 f 3
9. If f 3 x  4 x  1  find h0
h
2 2
f h3 f 3 3 h3 4 h3 1  3 3 4 3 1

h h
2
3 h  6 h  9  4 h  12  1  27  12  1

h

2
3 h  18 h  27  4 h  12  1  27  12  1

h
2
3 h  14 h

h
 h 3 h  14

h
f h3 f 3
 3 h  14
h

4 2
10 If f x  and g x  x  3 find f g x and g f x
x3
4
f g x  2
x 33
4
f g x 
x2
2
4
g f x  3
x3
16
g f x  2
3
x  6 x  29
16  3 x  18 x  27
g f x 
x2  6x  9
2
16  3 x  18 x  27
g f x 
x2  6x  9
 3 x 2  18 x  11
g f x 
x2  6x  9
 3 x 2  18 x  11
g f x  2
x3

EXECRCISE 1.2

Evaluate each of the following.

2
1. lim x  4 x  3
x2
2
 2 4 2 3
 
 4 82 3
lim x  4 x  3   1
x2
3x2
2. lim
x3 x4
3 3 2

3 4
9 2

7
3x2 11
lim 
x3 x4 7

lim ta
3. lim n x  sin x
tan

x
4
 
 tan  sin
4 4
2
 1
2
2 2
lim
lim tan x  sin x
tan 
 2
x
4
sin 2 x
4. lim
 sin x
x
3

sin 2
3


sin
3
2
sin
3


sin
3
3
2

3
2

lim sin 2 x 1
 sin x
x
3
 3
5. lim 2 x  x 4
x8
3
2 8  8 4

 16  2  4
3
lim 2 x  x  4  14
x8

6. lim 4 x  3 x2 5
x2
2
 4 2 3 2 5

 8 3 4 5

 5 9

lim 4 x  3  45
x2
3x
7. lim
x3 x x 1
3 3

3 3 1
9

3 4
3x 1
lim 
x3 x x 1 2
3x2
8. lim
x0 x2  2x  4
3 0 2
 2
0 2 0 4
2

4
3x2 1
lim 2

x0 x  2x  4 2

EXERCISE 1.3
Evaluate each of the following.
x 3  64
1. lim 2
x4 x  16
x  4 x 2  4 x  16

x4 x4
x 2  4 x  16
 \
x4
2
4  4 4  16

4 4
16  16  16

8
48
 8
x 3  64
lim 6
x4 x 2  16
x2  2x  8
2. lim
x2 3x6
x4 x2

3 x2
x4

3
2 4

3
6

3
x2  2x  8
lim 2
x2 3x6
x 3  13 x  12
x3 x 3  14 x  15
3. lim
x  3 x2  3x  4

x  3 x2  3x  5
x2  3x  4

x2  3x  5
2
3 3 3 4
 2
3 3 3 5
 9 94

9 95
x 3  13 x  12 14
lim 
3 13
x3 x  14 x  15
3  x2  x  2
x
4. lim 3 2
x2 2 x  5 x  5x  6
x2 x2  x  1

x  2 2 x2  x  3
x2  x  1

2
2x x3
2
2 21

2
2 2 23
4 21
 8 23
x3  x2  x  2 7
lim 3 2

x2 2 x  5 x  5x 6 9
2
x3 9
5. lim
x0 2x
2 2
x3  3

2x
x3 3 x3 3

2x
x x6

2x
x6

2
6

2
2
x3 9

xlim
0 2x 3
x  16  4
6. lim
x0 x
x  16  4 x  16  4
 
x x  16  4
x  16  16

x x  16  4
x

x x  16  4
1

x  16  4
1

16  4
1

4 4
x  16  4 1

xlim
0 x 8
x1
7. lim
x1 x 3  2
x1 x 3  2
 
x 3  2 x 3  2
x1 x 3  2

x 34
x1 x 3  2

x1

 x3 2

 1 3 2

 4 2

 22
x1

1
xlim x 3  2 4
3
x 2
8. lim
x8 x8
3 3 3
x 2 x2  2 x 4
  3 3
x8 x
2
2 x 4
 x8

3 3
x8 x2  2 x 4
1
 3 3
2
x 2 x 4
1

3 2 3
8 2 8 4
1
 3
64  2 2  4
1

4 44
3
x 2 1
lim 
x8 x8 12
1 1
x  4
9. lim
x4 x4
4 x
4x

x4
4 x

4x x 4
x4

4x x 4
1

4x
1

4 4
1 1

x 4 1
lim 
x4 x4 16
x3  8
2 x 2  4
10. xlim
x  2 x2  2x  4

x2 x2
x2  2x  4

x2
2
2 2 2 4

2 2
4 44

4
12

4
x3  8
lim 3
x2 x2  4
x3
11. lim
x3 x 2  4 x
x3 x 2  4 x
 
x 2  4 x x 2  4 x
x3 x 2  4 x

x 2  4 x
x3 x 2  4 x

2x6
x3 x 2  4 x

2 x3
x 2  4 x

2
3 2  4 3

2
1 1

2
2

2
x3
lim 1
x3 x 2  4 x
1 1 1
12. lim 
 x 3 
x 0 x 9
1 x 9 3

x 3 x 9
1 x 9 3 x 9  3

3x x 9 x 9  3
1 x9 9

3x x 9 x 9  3
 1 x

3x x9 3 x 9
x

3x x9 3 x 9
1

3 x9 9 x 9
1

3 0  27  9 0 9
1

0  27  27
1 1 1 1
lim  
x0 x 3 x 9 54
x2 9
13. lim

x23 x 3 2
x 9 x 9
 
x3 2
x 9
x2  9

x3 x2  9
x3 x3

2
x3 x 9
x3

x2  9
3 3

2
3 9
6

0
x2  9
lim   The Limit does not exist
x3 x3
tan 2 x
14. lim
 sec 2 x
x 4
sin 2 x
cos 2 x

1
cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x

cos 2 x

 sin 2 x

 sin 2
4

 sin
2
tan 2 x
lim 1
 sec 2 x
x
4
sin 3 x
15. lim
x0 sin x  tan x
sin 3 x

sin x
sin x 
cos x
sin 3 x

sin x cos x  sin x
cos x
sin 3 x cos x

sin x cos x  sin x
sin 3 x cos x

sin x cos x  1
sin 2 x cos x

cos x  1
2
1  cos x cos x

cos x  1
1  cos x 1  cos x cos x

cos x  1

 
 1 cos x cos x
  1  cos 0 cos 0

  1  1 1
sin 3 x
lim  2
x0 sin x  tan x
 1  cos 2 x
16. lim
x0 1  cos x
1  cos x 1  cos x

1  cos x

 1  cos x

 1  cos 0

 11
1  cos 2 x
lim 0
x0 1  cos x
sin x sin 2 x
17. lim
x0 1  cos x
sin x 2 sin x cos x

1  cos x
2 sin 2 x cos x

1  cos x
2 cos x 1  cos 2 x

1  cos x
2 cos x 1  cos x 1  cos x

1  cos x

 2 cos x 1  cos x

 2 cos 0 1  cos 0

2 1 1 1

2 2
sin x sin 2 x
lim 4
x0 1  cos x

18.

 1  cos x
2

1  cos x
1  cos x 1  cos x

1  cos x

 1  cos x

 1  cos 

 1 1
sin 2 x
lim 2
x 1  cos x

If f x  x  find;
f x f 4
19. lim

x 4 x4
x  4

x4

 x 2
x4
x 2 x 2
 
x4 x 2

x4

x4 x 2
1

x 2
1

4 2
1

2 2
f x f 4 1
lim 
x4 
x 4 4
f 9 x f 9
20. lim
x0 x
9 x  9

x
x 9  3

x
x 9  3 x 9 3
 
x x 9 3
 x 99

x x 9 3
x

x x 9 3
1

x 9  3
1

0 9 3
1

9 3
1

3 3
f 9 x f 9 1
lim 
x0 x 6
2
If f x  x  2 x  3 find;
f x f 2
21. lim
x2 x2
2
x2  2x  3  2  2 2  3

x2
2
x 2x  3  4  4  3

x2
x2  2x

x2
x x2

x2

x
f x f 2
lim 2
x2 x2
f x2 f 2
22. lim
x0 2 x 2
x2 2 x2 3  2 2 2 3

x
x2  4x  4  2x  4  3  4  4  3

x
x2  2x

x
x x2

x

x2

 02
f x2 f 2
lim 2
x0 x

EXERCISE 1.4
Evaluate each of the following.
3 2
1. lim 6x 4x 5 REMINDER:
3
x 8 x  7x  3 1
lim 0
1 x x
3 2
6x 4x 5 x3
 
3 1
8 x  7x 3
x3
3 2
6x 4x 5
 
3 3
x x x3
 3
8x 7x 3
 
3 3 3
x x x
4 5
6 
x x3

7 3
8 
x2 x3
6 00

8 00
6
 8
3 2
6x 4x 5 3
lim 3

x 8 x  7x 3 4
2
3x x2
2. lim
x x3  8x  1
 1
2
3x x2 x3
 
x3  8x  1 1

2
x3
3x x 2
 
x3 x3 x3
 3
x 8x 1
 
3 3
x x x3
3 1 2
 
x x2 x3

8 1
1 
x2 x3
 
0 0 0

1 00
2
3x x2
lim 0
x x3  8x  1
4x5
3. lim
x x2  1
1
2
4x5 x
 
x2  1 1
2
x
4x 5

x2 x2
 2
x 1

2 2
x x
4 5

x x2

1
1
x2
0 0

1 0
4x5
lim 2
0
x x 31
x x2
4. lim
x x2  1
1
x3  x  2 x3
 
x2  1 1
x3
x3 x 2
 
3 3 3
x x x
 2
x 1

x3 x3
1 2
1 
x2 x3

1 1

x3 x
1 00

0 0
x3  x  2


xlim x2  1
8x5
5. lim
x 2
4x 3
1
8x5 x
 
2
4 x 3 1
x
8x 5

x x

4 x2 3

x2 x2
5
8
x

3
4
x2
8 0

4 0
8

2
8x5
lim 4
x 2
4 x 3
 x3
6. lim 2
x 2x1
3
x
 2
4x  4x 1
1
x3 x3
 
2 1
4 x  4x 1
x3
x3
x3
 2
4x 4x 1
 
3 3
x x x3
1

4 4 1
 
x x2 x3
1
 0 00
x3
lim 
2
x 2x1
3 3
x3  x2
7. lim
x x2
3
x  9 x 2  27 x  27  x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8

2
x
x 3  9 x 2  27 x  27  x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8

x2
2
15 x  15 x  35

x2
1
2
15 x  15 x  35 x2
 
x2 1

2
x2
15 x 15 x 35
 
2 2 2
 x x x
2
x
x2
15 35
15  
x x2

1
15  0  0

1
3 3
x3  x2
lim  15
x x2
2
9x 4
8. lim
x 6x1
1
2
9 x 4 x
 
6x1 1
x
9 x2 4

x2 x2

6x  1
x x
4
9
x2

1
6
x
9 0

6 0
3

6
2
9 x 4 1
lim 
x 6x1 2

EXERCISE 1.5
Find the value or values of x for which the function is discontin
discontinuous
uous.. (The functi
function
on is discontinuo
discontinuous
us if the denominator
denominator is equal to 0)
3x
1.
x5
x 5  0
x5
Check
3x
x5
3 5

5 5
15
  Therefore, the function is discontinuous if x=5.
0
 3x2
2. 2
x  8 x  15

x 2  8 x  15  0

x 5 x 3  0

x  5 x  3

Check
3 5 2 3 3 2
2 2
5  8 5  15 3  8 3  15
17 11
 
0 0
Therefore, the function is discontinuos if x=5 and x=3.
5x1
3. 2
x 4

None. The function is continuous.

6x
4. 2
x 9
2
x 9  0
x 3 x 3  0
x  3 x   3

Check
6x
x2  9
6 3
 2
3 9
 18

0
Therefore, the function is discontinuous if x   3.

5. x
1
2 8
x
2 8  0
x
2 8
log 2 8  x Use calculator or just simply assume a number that makes the denominator zero.
x3 log 2 8  x
Check 3
log 2 2  x loga a r  r
1
x 3
2 8 log 2 2 3
1

3
2 8
1

8 8
1
  Therefore, the function is discontinuos if x=3.
0
x3
6.
x3  3 x2  2x
x3  3 x2 2x  0
x x2  3x  2  0
x x 2 x 1  0
x  0 x  2 x  1
Check
x3
x3  3 x2  2x
0 3
 3 2
0 3 0 2 0
3
f 0 
0
5
f 2 
0
4
f 1 
0
EXERCISE 1.6
Sketch the graph of the following functions:
4 6 x2  1 2x
1. y  2. y  3. y  4. y 
x x 2 2
x 1 x1

x2 2x 2 x2
5. y  6. y  2
7. y  2
8. y  2
x2 x 4 x 1 x  9 x  20

4x x2  1
9. y  10. y 
x2  9 x
CHAPTER 2: DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE 2.1
Find the derivative
derivative by use of Delta
Delta Method
Method..
2
1. y  4 x  5 x
2
y  y  4 x  x 5 x  x
2
y  4 x  x 5 x  x  4 x2 5x
dy y
 lim
dx 
x 0  x

2
4 x  x 5 x  x  4 x2  5x

2  x2 2
4 x  2x  x   x  5x  5 x  4 x  5x

x
2 2 2
4 x  8x  x  4  x  5x  5 x  4 x  5x

x
2
8 x  x  4  x  5 x

x
 x 8 x  4 x  5

x

 lim 8 x  4  x  5
 x0

 lim 8 x  4 0  5
 x0
dy
 8x  5
dx
3
2. y  x  2 x
3
y  y  x  x 2 x  x
3
y  x  x 2 x  x  x3  2x
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
3
x  x x   x  x3  2x
2

x
x3  3 x2  x  3x  x2   x3  2x  2 x  x3  2x

x
x3  3 x2  x  3x  x2   x3  2x  2 x  x3  2x

x
2 2 3

3 x x 2x  x   x  2 x

x
2 2
x 3 x  2x x  x  2

x

 lim 3 x 2  2 x  x   x 2  2
 x0

2
 lim 3 x 2  2 x 0  0 2
 x0
dy
 3x2 2
dx

3. y  4 x

y  y  4 x x

y  4 x  x 4 x
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
4 x x  4 x

x
4 x x  4 x 4 x x  4 x
 
x 4 x x  4 x
16 x   x  16 x

x 4 x x  4 x
16 x  16  x  16 x

x 4 x x  4 x
16  x

x 4 x x  4 x
16
 lim
 x0 4 x x  4 x
 16
 lim
 x0 4 x 0  4 x

16
 lim
 x0 8 x
dy 2

dx x
6
4. y 
x
6
y  y 
x  x
6 6
y  
x  x x
dy y
 lim
dx  x0 x
6  6
x  x x

x
6x6 x  x
x x  x

x
6 x  6x  6 x

x x x  x
 6 x

x x x  x
6
 lim
 x0 x x  x
6
 lim
 x0 x x0
dy 6

dx x2
3
5. y  x
3
y  y  x  x
3 3
y  x x  x
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
3 3
x  x  x

x
3 3 3 2 3 3 2
x  x  x x  x  x x x  x
 
x 3
x  x
2

3
x x x 
3
x2
x

3 2 3 3
x x  x  x x x  x2
1
 lim
3 2 3 3
 x0 x x  x x  x  x
2

1
 lim
3 2 3 3
 x0 x 0  x x 0  x2
1
 lim 3 3 3
 x0 2 2 2
x  x  x
dy 1

dx 3
3
x2

6. y  2  5 x

y  y  25 x  x

y  2 5 x  x  2  5x
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
2 5 x  x  2 5x

x
2  5x  5 x  2  5x

x
 5 x

x
dy
 5
dx
7. y  4x3

y  y  4 x  x 3

y  4 x  x 3  4x3
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
4 x  x 3  4x3 4 x  x 3  4x3
 
x 4 x  x 3  4x3
4 x  4 x  3  4x  3

x 4 x  x 3  4x3
4 x

x 4 x  x 3  4x3

 lim 4
 x0 4 x  x 3  4x3
4
 lim
 x0 4 x 0 3  4x3
4
 lim
 x0 2 4x3
dy 2

dx 4x3
2x
8. y 
x1
2 x  x
y  y 
x  x 1
2 x x 2x
y  
x  x 1 x1
dy y
 lim
dx  x0  x
2 x  x 2x

x  x 1 x 1

x
2 x  x x  1  2x x  x  1

x x  x 1 x 1
2 2
2 x  x  x  x   x  2 x  2x  x  2x

x x  x 1 x 1
2 2
2x  2x  2x  x  2 x  2 x  2x  x  2x

x x  x 1 x 1
2 x

x x  x 1 x 1
2
 lim
 x0 x x 1 x1
2
 lim
 x0 x0 1 x1
2
 lim
 x0 x1 x1
dy 2
dx  x1
2

3
9. y 
2x1
3
y  y 
2 x x 1
3 3
y  
2 x  x 1 2x1
dy y
 lim
dx  x0 x
3 3

2 x x 1 2x1

x
3 2x1  3 2 x x 1

x 2x1 2 x x 1
3 2x1  3 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x  x 1
 
x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x  x 1

9 2x1 9 2 x  x 1

x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x  x 1
18 x  9  18 x  18  x  9

x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x  x 1
 18  x

x 2x1 2 x x 1 3 2x1 3 2 x  x 1
  18
 lim
 x0 2x1 2 x  x 1 3 2x1  3 2 x  x 1
 18
 lim
 x0 2x1 2 x 0 1 3 2x1 3 2 x 0 1
 18
 lim
 x0 2x1 2x1 6 2x1
 18
 lim
 x0 6 2x1 2x1
dy 3

dx 2x1 2x1
2
5x
10. y 
4x1
2
5 x  x
y  y 
4 x  x 1
5 x x 2 5 x2
y  
4 x  x 1 4x1
dy y
 lim
dx  x0 x
2 2
5 x x 5x

4 x x 1 4x1

x
2 2
5 x  x 4x1  5 x 4 x  x 1

x 4 x  x 1 4x1
2 2 2
5 x  10 x  x  5  x 4x1  5 x 4 x 4 x  1

x 4 x  x 1 4x1
3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
20 x  5 x  40 x  x  10 x  x  20 x  x  5  x  20 x  20 x  x  5 x

x 4 x  x 1 4x1
2 2 2
20 x  x  10 x  x  20 x  x  5  x

x 4 x  x 1 4x1
2
 x 20 x  10 x  20 x  x  5  x

 4  1 4 1
x 20xx  x10 x  20 xx x  5  x
2
 lim
 x0 4 x x 1 4x1
2
20 x  10 x  20 x 0  5 0
 lim
 x0 4 x0 1 4x1
2
20 x  10 x
 lim
 x0 4x1 4x1
dy 10 x 2 x  1

dx 4x1
2

ds
11 Given s  t  find
dt

s  s  t  t

s  t  t  t
ds s
 lim
dt  t0  t
t  t  t
 t
t  t  t t t  t
 
t t t  t
t  tt

t t  t  t
t

t t  t  t
1
 lim
 t0 t  t  t
1
 lim
 t0 t 0  t
ds 1

dt 2 t
2 dA
12 Given A   r  find
dr
2

A   A  r   r
2 2
 A   r   r  r
dA A
 lim
dr  r0 r
 2
 r  r  r2

r
2
 r  2 r  r   r 2  r2

r
r 2  2 r  r    r 2   r 2


r
2
2 r  r   r

r
 r 2 r   r

r

 lim 2  r    r
 r0

 lim 2  r   0
 r0
dA
d r  2 r
4 dV
13. Given V   r 3  find
3 dr
3
4 r   r
V V 
3
3
4 r  r 4
V    r3
3 3
dV V
 lim
dr  r0 r
3 3
4 r   r 4 r

3 3

r
3
12  r   r  12 r3

9 r
3 2 2 3 3
12  r  3 r  r  3 r  r   r  12 r

9 r
3
12  r  36 2
r  r  36 r  r 2  12  r 3  12 r 3
 9 r
2 2
3  r 12  r  12 r  r  4  r

9 r
2 2
12  r  12 r  r  4  r
 lim
 r0 3
2
12  r  12 r 0  4 0
 lim
 r0 3
2
12  r
 lim
 r0 3
dV
 4 r 2
dr
2 dS
14. Given S  4 r  find
dr
2
S   S  4 r   r
2
 S  4 r   r  4 r 2

dS  S
lim
dr  r0 r
2
4 r   r  4 r2

r
2 2 2
4  r  2 r  r   r  4 r

r
2 2 2
4  r  8 r  r  4  r  4  r

r
 r 8  r  4  r

r

 lim 8  r  4   r
 r0

 lim 8  r  4  0
 r0
dS
 8 r
dr
2t3 dS
15. Given S  3 t  4  find d t
2 t  t 3
S  S 
3 t  t 4
2 t  t 3 2t3
S  
3 t  t 4 3t4
dS S
 lim
dt  r0 r
2 t  t 3 2 t3

3 t  t 4 3t4

t
2 t  t 3 3t4  2t3 3 t  t 4

t 3 t  t 4 3t4
2 t  2 t  3 3t4  2t3 3 t  3 t  4

t 3 t  t 4 3t4
2 2
6 t  8 t  6 t  t  8  t  9 t  12  6 t  9 t  6 t  t  9  t  8 t  12

t 3 t  t 4 3t4
 17  t

t 3 t  t 4 3t4
 17

t0
lim 3 t  t 4 3t4
 17
 lim
 t0 3 t 0 4 3t4
 17
 lim
 t0 3t4 3t4
dS 17

dt 2
3t4

EXERCISE 2.2
dy
Find of each of the following;
dx
3 2
1. y  5 x  4 x  3 x  6
d 1 du d
Use power rule where; un  n un and the constant rule where; c 0
dx dx dx
dy 1 1 1
 5 3 x3 4 2 x2 3 1 x1 0
dx
dy
 15 x 2  8 x  3
dx
3 4
2. y  x   x
x
3 1
Simplify y  x 4x  x
n
d 1 du d n du
Use power rule where; un  n un or um  n . du means the derivative of u.
dx dx dx m 1
m
u
dy 1 11 1
= 4 1 x 
dx 1
1
1
1
3 2
3x 2x
dy 1 4 1
 3  
dx 3 x2 x 2 2 x

3. y  5 6x
d du
Use power rule where; u =
dx 2 u
u  5 6x
d u   6dx
dy 6

dx 2 5  6x
dy 3

dx 5  6x

3
4. y  2x7
n
d n du
Use power rule where; um  n .
dx m 1
m
u
u  2x  7
d u  2dx
n 1

m 3
dy  2
dx 3
3
2x7
2
 2 5
5. y  3 x  4 x  1
d n n1
Use chain rule where; u = n du u
dx
u  3x2 4x  1

d u  6x  4 dx
dy 2 4
 5 6 x  4 3 x  4x  1
dx
dy 4
 30 x  20 3 x 2  4 x  1
dx

6. y  7 3x1

d n n1 d du
Use chain rule where; u = n du u and power rule where; u =
dx dx 2 u
u  7 3x1
3
du  dx
2 3x1
3
dy 2 3x1

dx 2 7  3x1

dy 3

dx 2 7 3x1 2 3x1
dy 3

dx 4 3x1 7 3x1
4x5
7. y 
2x1
d u v du  udv
Use quotient rule where,  .
dx v v2
u = 4x - 5
du = 4dx
v = 2x + 1
dv = 2dx
dy 2 x  1 4  4 x  5 2

dx 2x1
2

dy 8 x  4  8 x  10

dx 2x1
2

dy 14

dx 2x1
2

3x1
8. y 
2
3x 2
d u v du  udv d du
Use quotient rule where;  and power rule where; u 
dx v v 2 dx 2 u
u  3x  1
d u  3dx
2
v 3x 2
3x
dv  2
dx
3 x 2
2 3x
3 x 2 3  3x1
dy 3 x2  2

dx 2
2
3 x 2 2
2 9 x  3x
3 3 x 2 
dy 2
3 x 2

dx 3x 2
2

2 2 2
dy 3 3 x 2 3 x  2  9 x  3x

dx 3x 2 2 2
3x 2
2 2
dy 3 3 x  2  9 x  3x

dx 3
2 2
3x 2
2 2
dy 9 x  6  9 x  3x

dx 3
2 2
3x 2
dy 6  3x

dx 2 3
3 x 2
9. y  2 x  5 4x1
d d du
Use product rule where; uv  u d v  v d u and power rule where; u 
dx dx 2 u
u  2x  5

d u  2dx

v 4x1
2
dv 
4x1
dy 2
 2x5 2 4x1
dx 4x1
dy 2 2x5
 2 4x1
dx 4x1

dy  2 2 x  5  2 4 x  1
dx 4x1
dy 4 x  10  8 x  2

dx 4x1
dy 12 x  8

dx 4x1
2 3
10. y  3 x  4 x 5
d n n1 d
Use chain rule where; u  ndu u and product rule where; uv  udv  vdu
dx dx
2
u  3x4

du  6 3x4
3
v  x 5
2
dv  3 x 5
dy 2 2 3
 3x4 3 x 5  x 5 6 3x4
dx
dy 2 2
 3 x 5 3x4 2 x 5 3x4
dx
dy 2
 3 x 5 3x4 3 x  4  2 x  10
dx
dy 2
 3 x 5 3x4 5x6
dx
4
2x3
11. y 
5x1
d n n1 d u v du  udv
Use chain rule where; u  ndu u and quotient rule where; 
dx dx v v2
u  2x  3
d u  2dx
v  5x  1

d v  5dx
3
dy 2 5x1 5 2x3 2x3
dx  4 5x1
2 5x1
3
dy 10 x  2  10 x  15 2x3
4
dx 5x1
2 5x1
3
dy 17 2x3
4
dx 5x1
2 5x1
3
dy 68 2x3

dx 5x1
2 5x1
3
dy 68 2 x  3

dx 5x1
5

3x4
12. y 
2x5
d u v du  udv d du
Use quotient rule where;   and power rule where; u 
dx v v 2 dx 2 u
u  3x  4
d u  3dx
v 2x5
1
dv  dx
2x5
 3x4
3 2x5 
dy 2x5

dx 2x5
2

dy 3 2x5  3x4

dx 2x5
3

dy 6 x  15  3 x  4

dx 
3
2x 5
dy 3 x  19

dx 2x5
3

3 x 6
13. y 
3x4
d n n1 d u v du  udv
Use chain rule where; u  ndu u and quotient rule where; 
dx dx v v2
u  x6
du dx
v  3x  4

d v  3dx
2

3
dy 1 3x4 3 x6 x6

dx 3 3x4
2 3x4
dy 3 x  4  3 x  18

dx 2 3 x 6
2
3 3x4
3x4
dy 22

dx 2 3 x 6
2
3 3x4
3x4
dy 22

dx 2
3
x 6
2

3 3x4 3 2
3x4
dy 22

dx 3 2 3 4
3 x 6 3x4
3 3
14. y  x2  4 x
d 1
Use power rule where; un  n un
dx
2

y  x 3 4x 3
1
dy 2  3 4
 x  3 4 x
dx 3

dy 2 12
 
dx 3
3
x x4
5
15. y  4 x 1
d d n1
Use product rule where; uv  u d v  v d u and chain rule where; un  ndu u
dx dx
u4

du  0

v x 1
1
dv  dx
2 x
dy 1 4 5
 4 5 x 1  0 x 1
dx 2 x
4
dy 10 x 1

dx x
4
16. y 
5x3
d u v du  udv d du
Use quotient rule where;   and power rule where; u 
dx v v 2 dx 2 u
u4
du  0
v  5x3
5
dv  dx
2 5x3
10
0 5x3 
dy 5x3

dx 5x3
2

10

dy 5x3

dx 5x3
dy 10

dx 5x3
3

2
17. y  3
4x1
d d n1
Use product rule where; uv  u d v  v d u and chain rule where; un  ndu u
dx dx
u2
du  0
3
v  4x1
4
d v   12 4 x  1 dx
dy 4 3
  24 4 x  1  0 4x1
dx
dy 4

d x   24 4 x  1
dy 24

dx 4x1
4

dy
Evaluate at the specif
specified
ied value of x.
dx
3 2
18. y  6 x 2 x8
u6
du  0
3 2
v x 2
3
2 x 2
dv  3
dx
3 x2
3
dy 2 x 2 3 2
6  0 x 2
dx 3
3
x
2

3
dy 4 x 2
  x8
dx 3 2

3x
4 8 2
f' 8  3 2
8
3
4 8 2
f' 8  3
64
4 2 2
f' 8 
4

f' 8  4

19. y  6 x  x4

u  6 x
1
du   dx
2 x
dy 1 1
 
dx 2 x 2 6 x

dy   1
dx 4 x 6 x
1
f' 4  
4 4 6 4
1
f' 4  
4 2 6 2
1
f' 4  
8 4
1
f' 4  
16
3 1
20. y  x  4 x  x1
dy 4
 3x4  x 1
dx x2
4 4
f' 1  3 1 
2
1

f' 1  34
f' 1  1
 3 4
21. y  2 x  1  x2
3x2
3
u  2x1
2
du  6 2x1 dx
1

2
v  4 3x2
3

2
dv  6 3x2
dy 2 6
 6 2x1 
dx 3x2
3

2 6
f' 2  6 2 2 1 
3
3 2 2
2 6
f' 2  6 4 1 
6 2
3

2 6
f' 2  6 3 
3
4
6
f' 2  6 9 
64
3
f ' 2  54 
4
213
f' 2 
4

Find the slope of the tangent to the curve at the given point.
dy
 m or slope
dx
2 3
22. y  7  x  4 x   1 2
dy
  2 x  12 x 2  x   1
dx

f '  1   2  1  12  1 2

f '  1  2  12

f '  1  14
1
23. y  x  2 x  2 3
dy 2
 1 x2
dx x2
2
f' 2  1 2
2
2
f' 2  1
4
1
f' 2  1
2
1
f' 2 
2

24. y  3 x 2  4  2  10
x
dy 4
 6x  2  x  2
dx x
4
f' 2  6 2  2
2
4
f ' 2  12 
4

f ' 2  12  1

f ' 2  13
10  2 x 2
25. y   3
3x 9

u 10  2 x
1
du   dx
10  2 x

v  3x

d v  3dx
 1
3x  3 10  2 x
dy 10  2 x

dx 9x
2

3 10  2 x  3 x
dy 10  2 x

dx 9x
2

dy 30  6 x  3 x

dx 9x
2
10  2 x
dy 30  3 x
 x 3
dx 9x
2
10  2 x
30  3 3
f' 3   2
9 3 10  2 3
30  9
f' 3  
9 9 10  6
21
' 
f 3 81 4
21
f' 3  
81 2
21
f' 3  
162
7
f' 3  
54

Find the values of x for wh

which
ich the derivative
derivative is zero.
zero.
3 2
26. y  x  4 x  3 x  5
dy dy
 3 x 2  8 x  3 0
dx dx

2
0  3x 8x  3

Use quadratic equation to solve for x.

2
b  b  4ac
x  a  3 b  8 c   3
2a
2
8  8 4 3 3

2 3
8  64  36

6
8  100

6
 8  10 1
x 
6 3
 8  18
x  3
6
4 3 2
27. y  x  8 x  22 x  24 x  9
dy dy
 4 x 3  24 x 2  44 x  24 0
dx dx
3 2
0  x  6 x  11 x  6

GCF of -6 is -1,1,6,-6,2,-2,3,-3
To check, it must be equal to zero.
x 3  6 x 2  11 x  6  0
3 2
1  6 1  11 1  6  0
1  6  11  6  0
 12  12  0
00
x1
x 1 x2 5x  6  0

x 1 x 2 x 3  0

x1

x2

x3
 1
28. y ''  12 x  8 x
3
d y 8
3
 12 
dx x2
8
12 
x2
2
12 x  8
8
x2 
12
2
x
3
6
x
3
x1
29. y 
x2  2x  5

u  x1

du dx

v  x2  2x  5

d v  2 x  2 dx
dy x2  2x  5  x  1 2x2

dx x2  2x  5
2

dy x  2x  5  2 x2  4x  2
2

dx x2  2x  5
2

2
dy  x  2x 3

dx x2  2x  5
2

x2  2x  3
0 2
2
x  2x 5
x3 x1

2
0
x2  2x  5

x3

x  1

Find the values of x given that;

1 dy
30. y  2 x  3 x and  14
dx
dy 3
 2 2
dx x
3
14  2 
x2
3
12 
x2

12 x 2  3
1
x2 
4
1
x
2
2 1
3 3
dy 1
31. y  x x and 
dx 4
3 3
y x2  x
3
u x2
2
du  3
dx
3 x
1

vx3
1
dv  3
dx
2
3 x

dy  2  1
dx 3
3
x 3
3
x2
1 2 1
 3

3
4 3 x 3 x
2
1 2 1
 1

1
4 2
3 3
3x 3x
1
3
Let x = u
1 2 1
 
2
4 3u 3u
2
1 6 u  3u

4 3
9u
1 3u 2u1
 3
4 9u
1 2u1

4 2
3u

2
8u4  3u
2
3 u 8u  4  0
2
3 u 2u  6u  4  0

3u2 u 2  0
2
u
3
Subtitute
Subtitute the value of u
u2
1
2
x3 
3
1 Cube both side of the equation
3
x 2
8
x
27

x8
2 1 dy
32. y  3 x  4 x and d x  11
dy 4
 6x  2
dx x
4
11  6 x 
x2
4
  11  6 x  0
x2
3 2
6 x  11 x  4
0
x2
2
x 2 6 x x2  0

x2

EXERCISE 2.3
dy
Use the Chain Rule to find and express the final answer in terms of x.
dx
2
1. y  u  u u  2 x  1
2
y  2 x  1  2x  1
dy
 2 2 2x1 2
dx
dy
 4 2x1 2
dx
dy
 8x  6
dx

2. y  u2  1  u  4 x
2
y 4 x 1

y 16 x  1
dy 16

dx 2 16 x  1
dy 8

dx 16 x  1
 3
2 2
3. y  u  4  u  x 4
3
2 2
y x 4 4
3
2
y  x2

y  x3
dy
 3x2
dx
2
3 3
4. y  2 u  2  u  4x 1
2
3
y  2 4 x3 1 2
2
3
y  8 x3

y  4x2
dy
 8x
dx

5. y  u  2  u  4x  2

y 4x22

y2 x
dy 1

dx x
2u 2
6. y   ux
u2  1
2
2x
y
x4  1

v  2x2

d v  4xd x

w  x4 1

d w  4 x3 dx
4 2 3
dy 4x x 1 2x 4 x

dx x4  1
2

5 5
dy 4 x  4x  8 x

dx ( x -1 )
4 2

4
dy 4x x 1

dx ( x -1 )
4 2

7. y  uu x

y x
4
y x
dy 1
dx  4 4 x3
dy
Use the Inverse Function Rule to find
dx
2 3
8. x  y  y  y
dx
 1 2y  3 y2
dy
dy 1

dx 1 2y 3 y
2

3
9. x  y  y
dx 1 1
 
dy 2 y 3
3
y2
3
dx 3 y2  2 y

dy 6
6
y 7

6 7
dy 6 y
 3 2
dx 3 y 2 y
 3
2
10. x  4  3 y
dx 9 4  3y

dy 2
dy 2

dx 9 4  3y
3
11. x  2 4 y  1
dx 2
 24 4 y  1
dy
dy 1

dx 24 4 y  1
2

6
12. x  2
3y1

u6
du  0
2
v  3y1
d v  6 3 y  1 dy
2
dx 0 3y1 6 6 3y1

dy 3y1
4

dx 36 3 y  1

dy 3y1
4

dx 36

dy 3y1
3

3
dy 3y1

dx 36

13. x  1 1 y

u 1 y
1
du  dy
4 1 y y
dx 1

dy 8 1 1 y  1 y  y
dy
8 1 1 y  1 y  y
dx
4
2y1
14. x 
3y1

u  2y  1

d u  2dy

v  3y  1

dv  3
3
dx 2 3y1 3 2y1 2y1

dy 4 3y1 2 3y1
3
dx 6 y 2  6y 3 2y1
4
dy 3y1
2 3 y1
3
dx 20 2y1
 
dy 3y1
2 3y1
3
dx 20 2 y  1

dy 3y1
5

5
dy 3y1

dx 20 2 y  1
3
EXERCISE 2.4
Find the first and second derivat
derivative
ive of each of the follow
following;
ing;
5 2 
1. y  x  3 x  4 x
dy 6
 5x4  3  4
dx x
2
d y 18
 20 x 3 
2
dx x4
1
2. y 
x
dy 1

dx x2
2
d y 2
dx  x3
2
3. y  4x
dy x

dx 4x
2

ux

du  dx
2
v 4x
x
dv   2
dx
4x
2 x2
2 4x 
d y 4  x2
2
 2
dx 2
4 2 x
4x x
2
d y 4x
2


2 2
d x2 4x
d y 4

dx2 4x
2 2

4x
4. y 
x1

u  4x

d u  4dx

v x1

dv  dx
dy 4 x  1  4x

dx x1
2

dy 1

dx x1
2

2
d y 2
dx2   x1
3

2
5. y  x  5
dy
 2 x 5
dx
2
d y
2
dx2
1 1
2
2 2
6. y  a x
dy a  x

dx x

u a  x
1
du   dx
2 x

v x

dv  1
2 x
x a  x
2  
d y 2 x 2 x

dx2 x
 2
d y a

dx2 2x x
1 x
7. y 
x

u  1 x
1
du  dx
2 x

v x
1
dv  dx
2 x
x 1 x

dy 2 x 2 x

dx x

dy   1
dx 2x x

u1

du  0

v  2x x

dv  3 x dx
2
d y 0 2x x 3 x
2
 3
dx 4x
2
d y 3 x

dx2 4x
3

2
d y 3
2
 2
dx 4x x
x
8. y 
x 1

ux

du  dx

v x1
1
dv  dx
2 x 1
x
x 1 
dy 2 x 1

dx x1
dy 2 x1 x

dx 2 x 1
3

dy x2

dx 2 x 1
3

u  x2

du  dx
3
v2 x1

dv  3 x1
2 3
d y 2 x 1  x2 3 x 1
2
 3
dx 4 x1
2
d y x 1 4 x

dx2 4 x1
3

2
d y 4 x
2

5
dx 4 x 1
 x2
9. y 
x1

u  x2

d u  2xdx

v x1

dv  dx
2
dy 2x x1  x

dx x1
2

2 2
dy 2x 2x  x

dx x1
2

2
dy  x  2x
dx x1
2

u  x2 2x

d u  2x  2 dx
2
v  x 1

d v  2 x 1 dx
2 2
d y 2x2 x1 2 x1 x2  2x
2
 4
dx x1
2 2
d y x1 2 x  2 x  1  2 x  2x

2 4
dx x1
2 2 2
d y 2 x  4x  2  2 x  4x

dx2 x1
3

2
d y 2

dx2 x1 3

3
10. If y= x  find f ' 8 and f '' 8 .
3
y x
dy 1

dx 3
3
x2
1
f' 8  3 2
3 8
1
 3
3 64
1
f' 8 
12
2
d y 2
2
 3
dx 9 x5
2
d y 2
2
 3
dx 9x x2
2
f '' 8   3 2
9 8 8
2
 3
72 64
1
f '' 8  
144
5 4 4
11. If y=x  find y and y .
y  x5
y 4  x 20
y  x5

dy
 5x4
dx
2
d y
2
 20 x 3
d x3
d y
 60 x 2
3
dx
4
d y
 120 x
dx4
 3
12. Find the point on the curve y  x  3 x for which y '  y ''

y  x3  3x
dy
 3x2 3
dx
2
d y
 6x
dx2
2
3 x  3  6x

x 2  1  2x

x2  2x  1  0

x 1 x 1  0

x1
f' 1  3x2 3
2
3 1 3

 33

f' 1  6

f '' 1  6 x
6 1

f '' 1  6

y '  y ''

y  x3  3x
3
 1 3 1

4

1 4
2 2
13. How fast does the slope of the curve y  x  x  1 change at the point wher
where
e x=2?
2 2
y  x x1
dy
 2 2x 1 x2 x 1
dx
dy
 4x 2 x2 x 1
dx
dy
 4x3  4 x2  4x  2 x2 2x  2
dx

dy
 4x3  6 x2  6x  2
dx
3 2
f' 2  4 2 6 2 6 2 2

f' 2  4 8 6 4 6 2 2

f ' 2  32  24  12  2

f ' 2  70
3
14. Find the rate of change of the slope of the curve y  x  1 at 2  7
y  x3 1
dy
 3x2
dx
2
f' 2  3 2
f ' 2  12
dy
Find by implicit differentiation.
dx
3 3
1. x  y  6 x y  0
2 2 dy dy
3 x 3y  6x  6y  0
dx dx

dy 2
3 y  6x  6y  3 x
2
dx
2
dy 6y3x

dx 2
3 y  6x
2
dy 2y x

dx y2  2x
 2 2 2
2. x  x y  y  1
dy dy
2 x  2xy  y2 2y 0
dx dx
dy 2
2xy  2y   y 2x
dx
dy  y2  2x

dx 2y x1
dy y2  2x

dx 2y x1

3. x  y  x y  21
dy
1 dy
dx
x y  0
2 x y dx
dy dy
1  dx  2x x  y dx
 y
2 x y
1 dy 2x x y  1
  y
2 x y dx 2 x y
dy 2x x y  1 1
 y
dx 2 x y 2 x y
dy 2x x y  1 2y x y  1

dx 2 x y 2 x y
dy 2y x y  1 2 x y

dx 2 x y 2x x y  1
dy 2y x y  1

dx 2x x y  1

4. x  y  a
1 1 dy
 0
2 x 2 y dx

1 dy   1
2 y dx 2 x
dy y

dx x
22 2 2 2 2
5. b x  a y  a b
2 2 dy
2b x2a y 0
dx
2 dy 2
2a y  2b x
dx
2
dy b x

dx a2 y
3 2
6. x  y  x y
dy 2 dy
3 1 x y 2 1 x y
dx dx
2 2 dy dy
3 x y 3 x y  2 x y 2 x y
dx dx
2 dy dy 2
3 x y 2 x y  3 x y 2 x y
dx dx
dy 2 2
3 x y 2 x y  3 x y 2 x y
dx
2
dy 3 xy 2 xy

dx 3 xy
2
2 xy
2 2
7. y  4 x  y

y  4x2 4y2
dy dy
 8x  8 y
dx dx
dy dy
 8y  8x
dx dx
dy
1  8 y  8x
dx
dy 8x

dx 1 8y
2 3x1
8. y 
2x3

u  3x  1

d u  3dx
v  2x  3

d v  2d x
dy 3 2x3 2 3x1
2y 
dx 2x3
2

dy 6 x 9  6x 2

dx 2y 2x3
2

dy 11

dx 2y 2x3
2

2
9. y  3 x  2 y  0
dy dy
2y 32 0
dx dx
dy
 
dx 2 y 2 3
dy 3

dx 2 y1

Find y'' in each of the following.

11. x y  32
dy
x y  0
dx
dy
x  y
dx
dy y

dx x
dy
2 x y
d y dx

dx2 x2
y
d 2y  x
 x y
dx2 x2
2
d y 2y

dx2 x2
2 2 2
3 3 3
12. x y a

2 2 dy
  0
3
3
x 3
3
y dx
2 dy 2
 
3
3
y dx 3
3
x
3
dy y

dx 3
x
3
3 1 y 3 1
2 x   y
3 3 3
d y 3 y 2
x 3 x2

dx2 3
x2
3 3
y2 y
 
2 3y 3
d y 3 x2

dx2 3
x
2
3 3 3
3 x2 y 2  3y y
2 3
d y 9y x 2


2 3
dx x 2

2 3 3
d y x2 y2  y y

dx2 3y
3
x4
2 3 3
d y y x2 y  y

dx2 3y
3
x4
2 3 2
d y x y y

2 3
dx 3 x4 y2
 2
13. y  16 x  0
dy
2y  16  0
dx
dy
2y  16
dx
dy 8

dx y
dy
2 8
d y dx

dx2 y2
8
2 8
d y y
2
 2
dx y
2
d y 64

2
dx y3
2 2
14. x  2 x y  3 y  4
dy dy
2 x  2x  2y  6 y 0
dx dx
dy dy
 2x  6y  2y  2 x
dx dx
dy
6 y  2x  2y  2x
dx
dy yx

dx 3yx
dy dy
2 3 yx  1  yx 3 1
d y dx dx

dx2 3yx
2

dy dy dy dy
2 3 y  yx x  3y  y  3x x
d y dx dx dx dx
dx2  3yx
2

y x y x y x y x
2 3 y yx x  3y  y  3x x
d y 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx

dx2 3yx
2

3y y x 3 x y x 3 y y x 3 x y x
2  3y  3x  y x
d y 3yx 3yx 3yx 3yx

dx2 3yx
2

2
d y 2 x 2y
2
 2
dx 3yx
2
d y 2 xy

d x. 4 x 2 39y y 2x 2 36
15
15.
2

dy
8 x  18 y 0
dx
dy
18 y   8x
dx
dy 4x

dx 9y
u  4x
d u  4dx
v  9y
dy
dv  9
dx
dy
2
d y 36 y  36 x
dx

dx2 81 y
2

4x
2 36 y  36 x 
d y 9y
2
 2
dx 81 y
2
144 x
2 36 y 
d y 9y
2
 2
81
d x2 22
y
d y 144 x  324 y

dx2 729 y
3

2 2 2
d y 9 16 x  36 y

dx2 9 81 y
3

2 2 2
d y 16 x  36 y

2 3
 dx2 81 y
3

Find the slope of the curve at the given point.

3 3
16.. 2 x  2 y  9 x y a t
16 2 1
2 2 dy dy
6 x 6y  9x  9y
dx dx
2 dy dy
6y  9x  9y  6 x2
dx dx
dy 2 2
6 y  9x  9 y  6 x
dx
2
dy 9y6x

dx 2
6 y  9x
2
dy 3y2x
d x  2 y2  3x
2
3 1 2 2
f ' 2 1  2
3 1  2

3 8
f ' 2 1 
3 2
' 2y31 
f17. x 251 a t 3  2
2 dy
3y  2x
dx
dy 2x

dx 3y
2

2 3
f ' 3 2  2
3 2
6
f ' 3 2 
12
1
f ' 322  2 2
18. x  4 x y  y  25 a t 4  1
dy
2 x y
dx dy
2x  2y 0
xy dx
dy
2x
dx 2y dy
  2y   2x
xy xy dx
dy 2x 2y
 2y   2x 
dx xy xy
dy 2 x 2y xy 2x x y  2y

dx xy xy
dy x xy  y 2 xy

dx y xy  x 2 xy
dy x xy  y

dx y xy  x

4 1
f ' 4 1   4 1
1 4 1 4

4 4 1
f ' 4 1  
4 4
9
f ' 4 1  
6
3
f ' 4 1  
2
3 2 3
19. x  x y  y  9 a t  1 2

2 2 dy dy
3x x  2xy  3 y2 0
dx dx
dy
x2  3 y2   3 x2  2xy
dx
2
dy 3 x  2xy

dx x2  3 y2
2
3 1 2 1 2
'  
f 1 2 1 2 3 2 2

3 4
f '  1 2  
1  12
1
f '  1 2 
13
 3
20. 3x  4y  5 at 3 2
3
3 4 dy
  0
2 x 3
3
y
2 dx
3
4 dy 3
 
3
3
y 2 dx 2 3x
3
dy 27 y2

dx 2 x
3
4
3 2
27 2
f ' 3 2   3
2 3 4
3
27 4
f ' 3 2   3
2 3 4

27
f ' 3 2  
12
3
f ' 3 2  
2 2 2
21. A circle
circle is drawn
drawn with its center at (8,0) and with radius r such that the circl
circle
e cuts the ellipse
ellipse x +4y =16 at
at ri
right
ght angles
angles..
Find the radius of the circle.
circle.
2
Equation of the circle x  8  y2  r2
2 2
Make the Ellipse Equation into standard form: x  4 y  16
Ellipse Equation
2
x2 4y 16
Make the Ellipse
Ellipse Equation
Equation equal to 1;  
16 16 16
x2 y2
 1
16 4
Differentiate both equation
2
x 8  y2  r2
dy
2 x 8 2y 0
dx
dy
2y   2 x 8
dx
dy x8

dx y
x8
y'  
y
x2 y2
 1
16 4
x y dy
 0
8 2 dx
y dy x

2 dx 8
dy x

dx 4y
x
y'  
4y
x8 x
   1
y 4y
x x8
2
 1
4y

x x 8   4y2
2
Find y using the el
ellips
lipse
e equa
equation
tion
2 2
x y
 1
16 4
y2 x2
 1
4 16
x2
y2  4
4
x2
y2  4
4

Substitute y 2
x2
x x 8   4 4 
4
2
x x  8   16  x
 x 2  x 2  8 x   16
x2
 x2
y2  4
4
2
2
y2  4
4
2
y 3
Finally,
Finally, find the value of r in the circl
circle
e equation
2
x 8  y2  r2
2
2 8 3  r2
2
6 3  r2
2
36  3  r
r 2  39
r 39
2
22. The vertex of the parabola y  9 x is the center of an ellipse.
ellipse. The focus of the parabola
parabola is an end of the minor axis
of the ellipse, and the parabola and ellipse intersect at the right angles. Find the equation of the ellipse.