ENGM316 – PET3

Take Home Activity 2

General Directions: 1. Use a Cover Page (Printed with box for final score).
2. Use Long Bond Papers only.
3. Hand written solutions only. Printed are considered wrong.
4. Encircle or Box Final Answers with Complete and Organized Solutions.
5. No erasures. Erasures are considered wrong.

I. Use the method for solving Exact Differential Equations to obtain the general or particular
solution for the equations below:

1. ( 2 xy−3 x 2 ) dx+ ( x 2+2 y ) dy=0

2. ¿

3. ¿

4. ( 1−xy )−2 dx + [ y 2 + x 2 (1−xy )−2 ] dy=0 ; when x=4 , y=1

5. ( x y 2+ x −2 y +3 ) dx+ x 2 y dy=2(x + y ); when x=1 , y=1

II. Use the method of Integrating Factor to obtain the general or particular solution for the
differential equations below:

1. ( 3 x y +3 y−4 ) dx+(x+ 1)2 dy=0

2. y '=csc x − y cot x

1
3. ( 3 x−1 ) y ' =6 y−10(3 x−1) 3

di
4. L + Ri=E ; where L , R∧E are constants , when x=2 , y=−1
dt

'
5. y =2 ( 2 x − y ) ; whichpasses through the point (0 , 1)

III. Use the method of Substitution to obtain the general or particular solution for the differential
equations below:

1. ( 3 x−2 y +1 ) dx+ (3 x−2 y +3 ) dy =0

 2. sin y ( x+ sin y ) dx +2 x 2 cos y dy =0

dy 2
3. =( 9 x+ 4 y +1 )
dx

4. 4 ( 3 x + y −2 ) dx−(3 x + y )dy=0 ; when x=1 , y=0

' 2
5. y =2 ( 3 x+ y ) −1; when x=0 , y =1

IV. Solve the following application problems below using the Growth, Decay or Half-Life Equations:

1. The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of

people present at time t. If an initial population P o has doubled in 5 years, how long will it
take to triple? To quadruple?

2. Initially, 100 milligrams of a radioactive substance was present. After 6 hours the mass had
decreased by 3%. If the rate of decay is proportional to the amount of the substance present
at time t, find the amount remaining after 24 hours.

3. The population of a town grows at a rate proportional to the population present at time t.
The initial population of 500 increases by 15% in 10 years. What will be the population in 30
years? How fast is the population growing at t = 30 years?

4. The radioactive isotope of lead, Pb-209, decays at a rate proportional to the amount present
at time t and has a half-life of 3.3 hours. If 1 gram of this isotope is present initially, how
long will it take for 90% of the lead to decay?

dA
5. (a) Consider the initial-value problem =kA , A ( 0 ) =A O as the model for the decay of a
dt
−(ln 2)
radioactive substance. Show that , in general, the half-life T of The substance is T = .
k
(b) Show that the solution of the initial-value problem in part (a) can be written
−t
T
A ( t )= AO 2
(c) If a radioactive substance has the half-life T given in part (a), how long will it take an
1
initial amount AO of the substance to decay to A ?
8 O

6. When interest is compounded continuously, the amount of money increases at a rate

dS
proportional to the amount S present at time t, that is, =rS, where r is the annual rate
dt
of interest.
 a) Find the amount of money accrued at the end of 5 years when $5000 is deposited in a
savings account drawing 5.75% annual interest compounded continuously.
b) In how many years will the initial sum deposited have doubled?
c) Use a calculator to compare the amount obtained in part (a) with the amount

( )
5(4 )
1
S=5000 1+ ( 0.0575 ) that is accrued when interest is compounded quarterly.
4
7. Archeologists used pieces of burned wood, or charcoal, found at the site to date prehistoric
paintings and drawings on walls and ceilings of a cave in Lascaux, France. Determine the
approximate age of a piece of burned wood, if it was found that 85.5% of the C-14 found in
living trees of the same type had decayed.

V. Solve the following application problems below using the Escape Velocity from Earth Equations:

Celestial Body Acceleration of Radius in miles Ve in miles/sec

Gravity at surface
Neptune 0.77 g 4,250
Pluto 0.29 g 1,530
Saturn 4.6 g 36,400
Archimedes 32 g 675,000
SD – 413a 18 g 6,980
SN - 215c 45.3 g 821,200

VI. Solve the following application problems below using the Newton’s Law of Cooling (and Heating)
Equations:

1. A thermometer is taken from an inside room to the outside, where the air temperature is 5 oF.
After 1 minute the thermometer reads 55 oF, and after 5 minutes it reads 30 oF. What is the initial
temperature of the inside room?

2. At 9:00 a.m., a thermometer reading 70 oF is taken outdoors where the temperature is 15 oF. At
9:05 a.m., the thermometer reading is 45oF. At 9:10 a.m., the thermometer is taken back indoors
where the temperature is fixed at 70 oF. Find (a) the reading at 9:20 a.m. and (b) when the
reading, to the nearest degree, will show the correct (70oF) indoor temperature.

3. A small metal bar, whose initial temperature was 20 oC, is dropped into a large container of
boiling water. How long will it take the bar to reach 90 oC if it is known that its temperature
increases 2oC in 1 second? How long will it take the bar to reach 98oC?

4. A dead body was found within a closed room of a house where the temperature was a constant
70oF. At the time of discovery the core temperature of the body was determined to be 85 oF. One
hour later a second measurement showed that the core temperature of the body was 80 oF.
Assume that the time of death corresponds to t = 0 and that the core temperature at that time
 was 98.6oF. Determine how many hours elapsed before the body was found. [Hint: Let t1 > 0
denote the time that the body was discovered.]

5. At 2:00 p.m., a thermometer reading 80 oF is taken outside where the air temperature is 20 oF. At
2:03 p.m., the temperature reading yielded by the thermometer is 42 oF. Later the thermometer
is brought inside where the air is at 80 oF. At 2:10 p.m., the reading is 71 oF. When was the
thermometer brought indoors?