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Noise Pollution Status of Naogaon: GIS and Statistic approach

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Noise Pollution Status of Naogaon: GIS and

Statistic approach.

Md Nazmul Hossain, Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University,

Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract

Noise pollution is one of the most harmful pollution and danger for human health. Uncontrolled
noise of Naogoan sadar Upazila has made a serious and harmful situation for the people and En-
vironment. Mixed areas are used in multidimensional ways so the degree and intensity of noise
pollution is often higher. In this regard, this study has been framed to explore the nature and vul-
nerability of noise pollution in mixed areas as well as to realize its impacts using GIS approach.
Accordingly, an investigation has been carried out employing different field techniques in
Naogaon sadar Upazila area which is a mixed area in nature and important part of the city. This
study put an effort to determine the level of noise pollution and its zone of influence to know
how far noise is affecting the socio-environment of the study area.

Keywords: Naogaon, Noise pollution, Human Health, impacts .GIS, statistic, public

Introduction:

Noise pollution is adversely affecting the
environment of this city and causing physi-
cal and psychological problems, and thus
become an alarming health hazard. In this
densely populated city certain important ar-
eas are being used in multidimensional pur-
poses that increase the potentiality for noise
pollution. Environmental Conservation Act-
1995 (ECA’95)and Environmental Conser-
vation Rules 1997(ECR’97), (Rule 12,
Schedule-4) categorizes areas to point out
standards of sound, and according to these
legal instruments a “Mixed Area” is mainly
a residential area, and also simultaneously
used for commercial and industrial purposes.
The overall study objective was to explore
various aspects of noise pollution immixed
areas of Dhaka city, particularly Raman ar-
ea. With a view to achieving this objective,
this study aimed to identify the present level
of noise pollution of the different points and
important places of the study area and de-
termining the extent of influence of noise
pollution over various types of vulnerable
institutions, offices, hospitals and residences
along with the inhabitants to get a clear view
of the impact of noise pollution.
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Materials and Method

Study Area:
According to 2011 Bangladesh census,
Naogaon Sadar Upazaila had a population of
405,148. Males constituted 50.48% of the
population and females 49.52%. Muslims
formed 92.07% of the population, Hindus
7.65%, Christians 0.05% and others 0.23%.
Naogaon Sadar Upazila had a literacy rate of
53.59% for the population 7 years and
above.
At the 2001 Bangladesh census, Naogaon
Sadar Upazila had a population of 348,940.
Males constituted 51.58% of the population,
and females 48.42%. Naogaon Sadar
Upazila had an average literacy rate of
34.5% (7+ years), against the national aver-
age of 32.4% literate.

Study materials

This study is generally based on many surveys of primary and secondary information. In this re-
search, different methodologies as well as interview with local people, questionnaire, survey, fo-
cus group discussion was applied for the data collection. The electronic and web based in for-
mation were used for data collection.

Primary data collection: Data were collected in two ways

a. Instrumental survey.
b. Questionnaire survey.
a. Instrumental survey:

We used a noise level meter to do this research. And we have identified about 23 places in
Naogaon Sadar Upazila for research. A digital noise meter was used to perform this study.
Data were collected using (Multi-Function Environmental Meter, Model: ST-8820, Made in
China).
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Measurement Range
i) Lo=35~100dB
ii) Hi=65~130dB (Frequency Weighting: A, C)

The sound level in decibel is defined as follows: Sound level (dB)

=10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑝/𝑝0)2
=20 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑝/𝑝0)2

Where,
P = Root-mean square sound pressure
P0 = Standard reference pressure corresponding to the weakest audible sound (20 micro
Newton) per square meter.

b. Questionnaire survey:

The study collected field data to assess the health risks of 23 people. And the relationship of
noise pollution with human health was discovered. I divided Naogaon Sadar Upazila into 23
parts and collected data. Which I did through the questionaries’ survey.

Effects of Noise Pollution on Public Health

Noise pollution is on the rise in Bangladesh,
and so is the risk to human health. Noise
pollution is undesired sound that is disrup-
tive or dangerous and can cause harm to life,
nature, and property. It is often said that
noise differs from other forms of pollution
in that unlike atmospheric pollutants for ex-
ample, once abated; noise leaves no residual
accumulation in the environment or the hu-
man body. Noise does leave behind its ef-
fects, however, and these can deteriorate af-
ter continued exposure to harmful sounds.
So it is not true, strictly speaking, that “noise
leaves no visible evidence” (Lai 1996, p.
389)
The problem of noise pollution is increasing
day by day. In my research, I found in a
field survey that people who spend more
time on the street outside their home watch
TV with more TV volume than other family
members, and have more headaches.
In the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and
Spain, exposure to noise impaired children’s
reading comprehension and caused a delay
in reading skills development (Clark and
Stansfeld, 2005). In Austria, children in
noisier neighborhoods were shown to suffer
from increased stress and diminished moti-
vation (Evans et al., 2001). A fetus exposed
to noise may experience a change in heart
rate, or it may suffer the impact of its moth-
er’s noise-related stress.
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Result and Discussion

Sources of Noise in study area there are many sources of noise in industries, traffic place, resi-
dential area, educational institute, medical institute which has many negative impacts on public
health. The major sources are given

Type of the institute Major sources

industries Finishing machines, Auto machines, Preparatory
machines, Ring fan, Spreader machines, Rolling
machines, Sewing,Genaretor,etc.
Vehicles Bus, Tracks, Auto rickshaw and other motor based
vehicles.
constructions Hamer,Rod Cutter Machine,truck,lorry etc.

Noise pollution Bangladesh standard

Noise Level (dB) of the Selected Areas:

The noise level was collected on the month of April 2, 2022 to April 3, 2022. The noise level
was collected in three sectors. These are (i) Mixed area (ii) Silent area (iii) Commercial area.

Mixed area:
Noise value has been collected from eight places in mixed area of Naogaon Sadar Upazila. As
different types of vehicles and all kinds of work are done in the mixed area, the amount of noise
pollution has been found to be much higher. According to the standard of sound in Bangladesh,
the value of sound in a mixed area during the day should be 60 dB but the standard obtained has
exceeded the standard of Bangladesh. Where it was supposed to be 60 dB in the mixed area but
there is 85 dB available in Kazir Mor area. This is more than one and a half times the standard of
Bangladesh. Table: 1 and show that the sound quality of almost all the places has exceeded the
standard of Bangladesh. Almost all the mixed area values are above the maximum value of 60
dB and the average value is above 40 dB.
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Table: 1

Average Noise Level of Mixed Areas

Mean Min Max

79.7 81.6 85.9 82

74.4 74.3 76.5 72.5 76.2 72.2 78.5 72.3 78.5 78.2
70.4 69.3
45.3 46.7 47.7 45.4 46.4 47.2 45.3 48.6

10.22 am 10.47 am 10.44 am 10.48 am 10.49am 10.51 am 10.10 am 13.23pm

Gostohatir Sorisa Hatir Batar Mor Muktir Mor Kazir Mor Doyaler Mor Bridger Mor Doctorer Mor
Mor Mor
Source: Field survey, 2022

Silent Area:
The standard value of the sound in the silent area should be 45 dB during the day as the standard
value of Bangladesh. But this survey shows that the maximum value of sound is 83.3 dB, which
has exceeded the standard of Bangladesh. The results show that the maximum average value of
sound is 60 dB and the minimum value is 41 dB. So from the data obtained, the results show that
the environment and all the species in the area are endangered or threatened.

Table 2:

Average Noise Level in Silent Areas

Mean Min Max
82.3 82.2 80.5 83.2 82.4
74.4 76.3 74
68.6 66 68.6 68.1 70.4
64.8 60 63.9 63.2
58.8
44.2 43.8 45.3 48.3 48.6 47.4 44.4
41.6 41

9.58 am 9.54am 9.37 am 9.42 am 10.1 am 10.53 am 13.15 pm 10.55 am 11.22 am

K.D School P.M School Naogaon Gonopurto Deputy Upazila Police Line Circuit House Borendro Office
Technical Vobon Administrator Parishad
School Residence
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Commercial Area

The standard value of sound in commercial areas of Bangladesh is 70 dB during the day but it
can be seen from the results obtained that the maximum value of almost all areas was between 70
dB to 84.9 dB. Data has been collected from six locations in the commercial area. The sound
quality of almost all the places is much higher. This is harmful to the environment and a threat to
humans.

Table: 4

Average Noise Level in Comercial Areas

mean min Max
81.6 81 84.9
74 74 74.7 77.5
71.1 69.5 67.3
64.4 65.3

45.1 45.3 46.1 46.6 43.6 42.5

10.05 am 10.13 am 10.17am 12.58pm 10.57 am 9.33 am

Chosma Potti Kapor Potti Ata Potti Balu Danga Naogaon court Degree Mor

Statistics Analysis
Statistics Analysis has shown the relationship between noise pollution and human health risks.
We collected some information from people in a total of 10 places in these 23 areas. And people
in these 10 areas have a relationship with noise pollution. This is shown in Case Processing
Summary (Table 5).

Table: 5

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Included Total
N Percent
Drowsiness 10 100.0% 0 0.0% 10 100.0%
Headache 10 100.0% 0 0.0% 10 100.0%
Hearing 10 100.0% 0.0% 10 100.0%
problem
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Table:6

Drowsiness

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Yes 8 80.0 80.0 80.0
No 2 20.0 20.0 20.0
Total 10 100.0 100.0

Headache

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Yes 7 70.0 70.0 70.0
No 3 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 10 100.0 100.0
Hearing problem

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Yes 2 20.0 20.0 20.0
No 8 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 10 100.0 100.0

Noise pollution causes headaches, Drowsiness and hearing problems. Studies have shown that
noise pollution is associated with 10 people in 10 places. Studies have shown that noise pollution
is associated with almost every human being.

The Bayesian Correlation shows that almost everyone suffers from noise pollution. And the peo-
ple of Naogaon Sadar Upazila are facing various problems due to this noise pollution day by day
and the number of affected people is much higher. Tables 10,11,12 are shown in Bayesian Corre-
lation.
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Table 9: Results of the Bayesian Correlation both Effects of Noise Pollution on Public
Health:

Posterior Distribution Characterization for Pairwise Correlations

Drowsiness Headache Hearing problem
Drowsiness Posterior Mode 0.207 -0.357
Mean 0.153 -0.270
Variance 0.075 0.070
95% Credi- Lower Bound -0.382 -0.748
ble Interval

Upper Bound 0.658 0.247

N 10 10 10
Headache Posterior Mode 0.207 -0.207
Mean 0.153 -0.153
Variance 0.075 0.075
95% Credi- Lower Bound -0.382 -0.662
ble Interval

Upper Bound 0.658 0.379

N 10 10 10
Hearing prob- Posterior Mode -0.357 -0.207
lem
Mean -0.270 -0.153
Variance 0.070 0.075
95% Credi- Lower Bound -0.748 -0.662
ble Interval

Upper Bound 0.247 0.379

N 10 10 10
The analyses
assume refer-
ence priors (c =
0).
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Table 10: Results of the Bayesian Correlation (Drowsiness – Headache)

Table 11: Results of the Bayesian Correlation (Drowsiness - Hearing problem)

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Table 12: Results of the Bayesian Correlation (Headache - Hearing problem)

Conclusion

The present situation of noise pollution in Naogaon Sadar Upazila has been tried through re-
search. Day by day, the people of Naogaon Sadar Upazila are facing various mental and health
risks due to noise pollution. This study has shown the relationship between human health and
various types of mental illness. According to the survey, Kazir Mor had the highest amount of
noise pollution.

This is much worse for human health. And day by day the amount of noise pollution in kazir
Mor is increasing. This is very bad for the people of this area in the future.

Noise pollution is a neglected issue in Bangladesh but it is a severe health hazard for the physi-
cal and mental health of the urban people, particularly of the children. It is imperative for the de-
cision makers, leaders, planners, engineers and concerned persons to keep the noise level within
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the acceptable limits. Hydraulic horns of buses, trucks, minibuses, unregulated drinking, con-
struction work, factories, etc. strain the ears and nerves of the citizens every moment. It is time
for NGOs, the media, the related individuals and the government to work together to reduce the
noise level so that in the long run people can eradicate noise pollution from the country once for
all.

Recommendations

Based on the study investigating noise status the following recommendations are made with a
view to keep the noise levels of Naogaon Sadar Upazila area within the acceptable limit. Some
recommendations are given below to reduce noise pollution:

 There are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including limitation of ve-
hicle speed, limitation of heavy vehicles and alteration of roadway surface structure.
 Old vehicles should be banned/ repaired.
 Complete banning of the vehicular hydraulic horns in any places of the country.
 Law enforcing authorities should prohibit unnecessary or needless use of sound.
 Plantation of trees and construction of sound barriers.
 Modern technology should apply in motor vehicle.
 Ban the use of making for elections campaigns, processions and advertising.
 Low creating noise machines should be used in the industry.
 Workers should use noise protector inside the industries.
 The authors of the industries should make arrangement to reduce noise pollution.
 In the traffic places should avoid unnecessary horns.
 Drivers and passengers should obey traffic law.
 In the medical the patients, public, staffs should avoid unnecessary speech.
 The govt. should take proper steps to reduce noise pollution.

References

Ahmed, F. (1999), “Study on Noise Pollution Caused by Road Traffic in Dhaka City”, B.Sc. En-
gineering Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka.

Ahmed, K (1998), “A Study on Noise Pollution in Dhaka City”, Department of Environ-

ment,.Bangladesh. Alam, J. B., (2006), Risk assessment due to in discriminated pesticide use. J.
Bangladesh Environ. Sci., 57 (4):57-64

Alam, M., Ahamed, M., “Traffic Induced Noise Pollution in Dhaka City”. Alper, Joe. 1991. An-
tinomies Creates the Sounds of Silence. Science 252 (5005): 508–509.

Clark,Charlotte, and Stephen A.Stansfeld. 2005. The Effect of Aircraft and Road Traffic Noise
on Children’s Reading. Literacy Today 44 (9): 24–25. NGOs, the media have to keep contribu-
tions to reduce noise pollution.
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