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 104
Chapter 9
Global Stratification
______________________________________________
Detailed Outline

Although poverty is a reality in Canada and other nations, the greatest social inequality is not
within nations but between them. Global stratification refers to patterns of social inequality in
the world as a whole.

I. Global Stratification: An Overview

In global perspective, social stratification is far greater than that observed in Canada.
A. A Word about Terminology
Different models have been developed that help distinguish countries on the basis
of global stratification. The traditional typology of the first, second and third
world is no longer as useful as it once was. A revised system of classification
involves the categories of high-income countries, middle-income countries, and
low-income countries.
B. High-Income Countries
The high-income countries are the richest nations with the highest overall
standards of living. Industrial technology enables these societies to produce
enough economic goods to provide a comfortable material life for most people.
Corporations that design and market computers, as well as most computer users,
are located in these nations. They include most of Western Europe, Canada, the
United States, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Israel, Hong Kong, South Korea, the
Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, Australia, and
New Zealand.
C. Middle-Income Countries
The middle-income countries are characterized by per capita incomes between US
$2500 and $12 500 per year. Two-thirds of people in middle-income countries
live in cities where industrial jobs are common; the remaining one-third live in
rural areas where most are poor and lack access to medical care, safe housing and
drinking water. These countries include, at the high end, Costa Rica, Serbia, and
Kazakhstan, and at the low end, Nicaragua, Cape Verde, and Vietnam. Others are
former members of the Second Word, including Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Georgia,
and Turkmenistan. Other middle-income nations include Brazil, Peru, Namibia,
India, and China.
D. Low-Income Countries
The low-income countries are primarily agrarian societies with some industry.
Most of the people are very poor. These countries are found in Central and
Eastern Africa and in Asia. Population density is generally high, technology is
limited, and hunger and disease are common.

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 105

WINDOW ON THE WORLD – Global Map 9-1: Economic Development in

Global Perspective. In high income countries-a highly productive economy
provides people on average with material plenty. Middle income countries are
less economically productive, with a standard of living about average for the
world but far below that of North America. Low-income countries, poverty is
severe and widespread.

THINKING ABOUT DIVERSITY: RACE, CLASS AND GENDER – Las

Colonias: “America’s Third World”
Numerous settlements have sprouted up in Southern Texas along the Mexican
border. These settlements are desperately poor but most of the inhabitants see
these communities as the first step on the path to the “American dream”.

II. Global Wealth and Poverty

Poverty in low-income countries is more severe and more widespread than it is in
the rich countries.
A. The Severity of Poverty
A key reason that quality of life differs so much around the world is that
economic productivity is lowest in precisely those regions where population
growth is highest.
1. Relative versus absolute poverty
This distinction has an important application to global inequality. Relative
poverty is more salient in the more developed countries. Absolute poverty,
on the other hand, is a particularly serious problem in the poorest nations.
B. The Extent of Poverty
Poverty in low-income countries is more extensive than it is in high-income
nations such as Canada. This contributes to serious problems of hunger and
starvation in these societies.
C. Poverty and Children
The extent and severity of child poverty is greatest in the low-income countries.
Roughly half of all street children are found in Latin American cities where half
of all children grow up in poverty.
D. Poverty and Women
Women in low-income nations experience greater disadvantages than women in
high-income societies. About 70 percent of the world’s people living near
absolute poverty are women. Traditional norms and limited access to birth control
are contributing factors.
E. Slavery
Anti-Slavery International distinguishes four types of slavery:
1. In chattel slavery, one person owns another.
2. Slavery imposed by the state is government imposed forced labour.
3. Child slavery includes abandoned children or those living on the street.

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 106
4. Debt bondage is the practice by which employers hold workers captive
by paying them too little to meet their debts.
5. Servile forms of marriage are also considered slavery.
6. Human trafficking is the moving of men, women, and children from one
place to another for the purpose of performing forced labour.

THINKING GLOBALLY – “God Made Me to Be a Slave” In the North African

Islamic Republic of Mauritania, slavery has been practised for over 500 years.
Racialization based on perceived skin colour is a primary factor of enslavement.
Government laws against slavery belie the cultural norms and realities of the lives
of the poorest people in Mauritania.

F. Explanations of Global Poverty

Certain facts help us to understand what accounts for severe and widespread
poverty throughout much of the world:
1. Technology is limited.
2. Population growth is high.
3. Cultural patterns emphasize tradition.
4. Social stratification is very pronounced.
5. Gender inequalities are also dramatic. Women and girls are kept from
high paying jobs and forced into a pattern of domestic work and high
childbirth, which exacerbates the low standard of living.
6. Global power relationships handicap the poorest nations.
a) Historically, wealth flowed from low-income societies to high-
income nations through colonialism, the process by which some
nations enrich themselves through political and economic control
of other nations.
b) Exploitation continues through neocolonialism, a new form of
global power relationship that involves not direct political control
but economic exploitations by multinational corporations, large
businesses that operate in many countries.

III. Theories of Global Stratification

There are two major explanations for the unequal distribution of the world’s
wealth and power: modernization theory and dependency theory.
A. Modernization Theory
Modernization theory is a model of economic and social development that
explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences
between nations.
1. Historical perspective
The development of industrial technology has raised the standard of living
of even poor people in high-income societies.
2. The importance of culture

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 107
Modernization theory identifies tradition as the greatest barrier to
economic development.
3. Rostow’s stages of modernization
According to W.W. Rostow, modernization occurs in four stages:
a) Traditional stage, people in traditional societies cling to past ideas
and structure life around families and local communities. Life is spiritually
rich, but lacking in material goods.
b) Take-off stage, as a society enters a form of modernity, people
start to use their talents and imagination, sparking economic growth.
c) Drive to technological maturity, the idea of growth becomes
accepted and specialization of labour begins.
d) High mass consumption, living standards increase and mass
production encourages mass consumption.
4. The role of rich nations
Modernization theory claims that high-income countries play four
important roles in global economic development:
a) Controlling population
b) Increasing food production
c) Introducing industrial technology
d) Providing foreign aid
5. Evaluate
Modernization theory has been widely supported among social scientists.
It has shaped the foreign policies of the high-income nations. However, it
has been criticized as being little more than a defence of capitalism. Other
criticisms include: modernization has not occurred in many low-income
countries; it fails to recognize how high-income nations often block the
path of development of low-income nations; it treats high-income and
low-income societies as separate worlds, ignoring how international
relations have affected all nations. It holds up the world’s most developed
countries as the standard for judging the rest of humanity, reflecting an
ethnocentric bias. It blames victims for their own economic problems.

B. Dependency Theory
Dependency theory is a model of economic and social development that explains
global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of low-income societies by
high-income ones.
1. Historical perspective
The economic success of many high-income nations was achieved at the
expense of low-income countries.
2. The importance of colonialism
Formal colonialism has almost disappeared from the world, but
neocolonialism is at the heart of the capitalist world economy and
perpetuates economic relationships shaped under colonialism.

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 108
3. Wallerstein’s capitalist world economy
High-income nations are the core of the world economy. Low-income
nations are at the periphery of the world economy. The dependency of the
peripheral nations results from:
a) Narrow, export-oriented economies
b) Lack of industrial capacity
c) Foreign debt
4. The role of rich nations
Modernization theory holds that high-income societies produce wealth
through capital investment and new technology. Dependency theory views
global inequality in terms of how countries distribute wealth, arguing that
high-income nations have overdeveloped themselves and underdeveloped
the rest of the world. High-income nations have contributed to global
inequality by their pursuit of profit.
5. Evaluate
Dependency theory emphasizes the interdependency of the world’s
societies. However, critics argue that this theory wrongly treats wealth as
if no one gets richer without someone else getting poorer. It predicts that
countries with the strongest ties to rich nations should be the poorest, but
this is not the case. Dependency theory ignores the role of traditional
culture in maintaining poverty. This theory downplays the economic
dependency created by the former Soviet Union. This theory offers only
vague solutions to global poverty.

IV. The Future of Global Stratification

Modernization theory is correct in arguing that global inequality is also a problem of
production and technology.
Dependency theory is correct in claiming that global inequality is also a problem of
distribution and politics.

Chapter Objectives

After reading Chapter 9, students should be able to:

1. Define global stratification.

2. Explain why the current distinction between high-income, middle-income, and low-income
countries is better than the earlier one between first, second, and third worlds.
3. Summarize key characteristics of high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries.
4. Examine the severity of global poverty, distinguishing between relative and absolute poverty.
5. Examine the special problems of women and children living in poverty in the world’s less-
and least-developed nations.
6. Identify and describe five types of slavery.
7. Identify and describe correlates of global poverty.

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 109
8. Distinguish between neocolonialism and colonialism and discuss their role in power
relations among low-income and high-income nations.
9. Compare and contrast modernization theory and dependency theory. Include a discussion of
the contributions and weaknesses of each theory.
10. Identify and describe Rostow’s stages of modernization.
11. Discuss Wallerstein’s model of the capitalist world economy.
12. Identify insights provided by both modernization and dependency theories with respect to
global stratification.

Essay Topics

1. What accounts for severe and extensive poverty throughout much of the world?

2. Discuss relative and absolute poverty in relation to high-income and low-income countries.

3. What are five types of slavery? Where do these occur?

4. What do you think are the main causes of global hunger?

5. Which theory do you think best addresses the issue of alleviating the problem of world
hunger? Why?
6. Summarize the stages of modernization, citing examples for each stage in your discussion.

7. What role does modernization theory and dependency theory assign to rich nations?

8. What role can Canadian citizens play in attempting to ease the problems of global poverty?
How would the answer of a modernization theorist to this question differ from the answer
that might be given by a dependency theorist?

9. What are the weaknesses of modernization theory and dependency theory in solving global
hunger?
_____________________________________________________________________________
Supplemental Lecture Material
I. Born Oppressed: Women in low- income countries

While discrimination on the basis of gender is virtually a cultural universal, legitimate

complaints of women in the high-income countries pale to insignificance when compared
with the lot of poor women in the less developed nations, especially in Asia.
Oppression begins, literally, in the womb. Each year many thousands of abortions are
performed in nations like India and Bangladesh simply because an amniocentesis has shown
that the fetus is female. At one clinic in Bombay, of 8000 abortions performed following this
procedure, 7999 were female fetuses. In rural areas where amniocentesis is unavailable,
female infanticide is widespread. This practice is both cultural-killing an infant daughter is

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 110
widely believed to increase the chances that one’s next child will be male-and practical-
many families cannot afford a large enough dowry to allow a daughter to contract a good
marriage.
No one really knows how many female fetuses are aborted or baby girls are killed, but
census figures strongly imply that the numbers are enormous. “Bangladesh and Afghanistan,
for instance, have only 94 women for every 100 men; India has 93 women per 100 men, and
Pakistan only 92. Official Chinese figures show that in 1990 there were 113 boys for every
100 girls under age 1...The five countries combined are now missing at least 77 million
females”-more than twice the population of Canada. Some of this gap may be because census
takers, sharing the cultural view that women are unimportant, are probably less diligent in
enumerating women, but much of the variance can be attributed to darker causes.
If a girl survives her first year of life, she faces a much more difficult path to adulthood
than do her brothers. Female children are weaned earlier than males, and often receive a
protein deficient diet. If ill, they are rarely hospitalized: “A 1990 study of patient records at
Islamabad Children’s Hospital in Pakistan found that 71 percent of the babies admitted under
age 2 were boys” As a result, more females die than males. “Almost one in every five girls
born in Nepal and Bangladesh dies before age 5. In India, about one fourth of the 12 million
girls born each year die by age 15.”
Few girls receive an education. Only one-third of Pakistan’s sex-segregated schools are
set aside for girls. Typically, young women are withdrawn from school years before their
brothers. The girls remain at home carrying water and firewood, working the fields, and
helping to rear their younger siblings. By the time they are 10 or 12, many are putting in
eight-hour work days.
Arranged marriage often comes early. “In Bangladesh… 738 of girls are married by age
15 and 21% have had at least one child.” Across South Asia, one out of 18 women dies of a
pregnancy-related cause, often from conditions which could have been remedies if poor
women had better access to proper medical care.
“The Indian woman on average has eight to nine pregnancies, resulting in a little over
six live births, of which four of five survive. She is estimated to spend 80% of her
reproductive years in pregnancy and lactation. Because of poor nutrition and a hard
workload, she puts on around [4 kilograms] during pregnancy, compared to [10 kilograms]
for a typical pregnant women in a developed country.”
Throughout their lives, adult women in developing countries work tremendously hard.
One study of a North Indian village found that women did 59% of the total work, often
labouring 14 hours a day and carrying burdens one and one-half times their body weight.
They also suffer extensive legal discrimination. “In Kenya and Tanzania, laws prohibit
women from owning homes. In Pakistan, a daughter is legally entitled to half the inheritance
that a son gets when their parents die. In some criminal cases, testimony by women is legally
given half the weight of a man’s testimony and compensation for the wrongful death of a
woman is half that for the wrongful death of a man.”
As a result of all these factors, women in developing nations die disproportionately
young. In rich nations, women typically outlive men by seven years; in the developing world,
their advantage shrinks to two or three years. And if a woman does outlive her husband, her

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 111
status as a widow is extremely low. The mortality rate of Indian widows over the age of 60 is
three times that of married women their age.

Source
Anderson, John Ward and Molly Moore. “Born Oppressed,” Washington Post, February 14,
1993.

Discussion Question
1) What approaches do you think would be most effective in improving the living standards
of women in the developing nations? What role could Canada play in this process?

Supplemental Lecture Material

II. Debt Bondage and Global Slavery

Officially, foreigners are forbidden to visit the diamond mines of Congo, the former Zaire.
Nonetheless, two journalists recently managed to get a look at a mining camp in the jungle of
eastern Congo. No wonder the government doesn’t tolerate outsiders, since conditions at the
mine are not only extremely harsh, but amount to debt bondage, a form of slavery as explained in
the textbook.

Here, about 120 miners dig from dawn to dusk at the bottom of sweltering pits in the thick rain
forest. Young men wield shovels, the only tools available, to dig their individual plots, risking
the occasional cave-in due to lack of equipment. And why? Because though the mine is privately
owned, each man pays a small fee for the right to dig a plot of his own and whatever small
diamonds he extracts from the sand are his to keep. Should he be so lucky as to find a large one,
he will have to share the profit of its sale with the owner of the mine. Such a find is the stuff
dreams are made of, but it is rare.

In fact, everything around them seems to conspire to rob the miners of hope for more stable
work. Just traveling to the regional center to sell their small diamonds is hazardous. “Nearly
all the men have stories about how the fruit of many months’ toil was seized at gunpoint by
laughing soldiers.” Even if they get to the center, the pay for the usual small diamonds is
barely enough to buy food and clothes, trapping the miners in an endless cycle of digging
and sifting until they are worn out with work and age.

Expanding the investigation of worker exploitation, Kevin Bales has found that a “new
slavery” has been produced by modern day demographics and global capitalism. Mr. Bales, a
sociologist at the London campus of the University of Surrey, defines global slavery as “a
relationship in which one person is completely controlled by another person through violence
or the threat of violence for the purpose of economic exploitation.” He believes that our
understanding of slavery is “muddied” by the obsolete notion of “people as property.”

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

 112
Owning people is already illegal in most of the places where it flourishes, and so
contemporary slavery is hardly susceptible to ablution by the government. Bales points out
that “Nowadays, the population explosion plus the globalization of the economy have pushed
a lot of people into economic vulnerability.” Bribery undermines labour laws, capital flows
where labour is cheap, and workers are easily replaced (or in his term “disposable.)

Mr. Bales describes sex slavery that thrives in Thailand for cultural and economic
reasons, slavery in India, Pakistan’s lucrative manufacturing industries and a variety of debt
bondage in India.
In spite of the extent of the problem, Bales is optimistic that governments, corporations,
and individuals can fight the problem. To attack overpopulation, he suggests improving
education and fighting extreme poverty. To remove violence as a means of exploitation, he urges
political leaders to enact and enforce civil protection. And to disable slavery’s profit engine, he
calls on consumers and investors to support international watchdog groups and to sever their
links
to the slave trade. This means lobbying for economic sanctions against offending countries,
divesting from mutual and pension funds that won’t promise to shun slave labour, and buying
products certified to be slavery free (e.g., the Rugmark campaign aimed as South Asian Carpet
makers).

Sources
Kristof, Nicholas D., “Mine Labour in Congo Dims Luster in Diamonds.” New York Times
(June
1, 1997): 9.

Miller, D. W. “Citing Research 7 Morality, Sociologist Depicts New Slavery.” The Chronicle
of
Higher Education (May 7, 1999): A21-22.

Discussion Questions
1) How does this example typify the dilemma of poverty in low-income countries? What is
the solution to a problem such as this?

2) Discuss how slavery and debt bondage are explained differently by modernization theory
versus dependence theory? How might a combination of both address this issue?

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2008 Pearson Canada Inc.

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BENÉT, STEPHEN VINCENT. Heavens and

earth. *$2 Holt 811

20–21994

This collection opens with a long poem in two parts, Two visions of
Helen followed by Chariots and horsemen; The tall town; Apples of
Eden; The kingdom of the mad. The tall town is made up of poems of
New York.

“So many moods and themes spread over the compass of this
book, riotous and rapturous, whimsical and ironic, and undulating
on waves of swift and thrilling music make ‘Heavens and earth’ an
enjoyment to those who admire poetry when it is first of all music
and imagination, and may be after these anything in the way of
subject and ideal.” W: S. Braithwaite
 + Boston Transcript p4 D 29 ’20 1300w

“He has a swirling dexterity in syntax and rhythm, and practices a

gorgeous, hot impressionism.”

+ − Nation 112:86 Ja 19 ’21 60w

“Originality marks his work in spite of the intimation that his

themes are somewhat threadbare. He possesses a virility that is
manifest at all times and a delight in swinging measures and
emphatic rhymes.” H. S. Gorman

+ N Y Times p11 Ja 9 ’20 100w

BENET, WILLIAM ROSE. Moons of grandeur.

*$2 Doran 811

20–19072

This collection of poems is reprinted from contributions to various

magazines. With a few exceptions the poet takes his inspiration from
history: the renaissance, ancient Egypt, medieval England furnishing
him with subjects. Some of the titles are: Gaspara Stampa; Legend of
Michelotto; Niccolo in exile; The triumphant Tuscan; Michelangelo
in the fish-market; The ballad of Taillefer; The priest in the desert;
Dust of the plains.

“The rich color and vigor of his poetry have caught some of the
brilliance and romance of these times. The vocabulary and allusions
make demands upon the reader which to many will be a serious
drawback.”

+ − Booklist 17:104 D ’20

“A poet so fertile and diversified is bound to be interesting, and

one cannot but recognize Mr Benet’s gifts of streaming phrase and
bannered fancy; at the same time one often misses the clear, strong
note of nature, often feels the absence from this work of actual blood
and bone.”

+ − Nation 112:86 Ja 19 ’21 100w

“The vigor, the individuality, the natural sources of growth and

development in his work, deserve the first word. Mr Benet’s
limitations in making the renaissance, in its essence, live again are
inherent in his method and approach. There was a roundness of
gesture in these years which is missed by nervous actions and
pouncing words.” Geoffrey Parsons

+ − N Y Evening Post p8 Ja 8 ’21 720w

“In ‘Moons of grandeur’ he includes ten such poems that may be

ranked among quite the best things he has done. It is apparent in this
book that he has grown greatly in stature as a poet. An extravagance
that was once fatal to him as an artist at times has been finely curbed
and turned into channels where it becomes a virtue.” H. S. Gorman

+ N Y Times p11 Ja 9 ’21 480w

 “Mr Benet’s poems possess the essential qualities of beauty and
imagination.”

+ Review 3:419 N 3 ’20 10w

“In these pictures of renaissance Italy Mr Benet proves his

possession of rhythm, of knowledge, of an allusiveness as ingathering
as a scythe, of energy, of a lambent and vibrant picturesqueness, of
the gait and swing, if not the soul, of passion. ‘Moons of grandeur,’
with all its attractions, errs somewhat in the obscuration of the
rhyme.”

+ − Review 3:654 D 29 ’20 290w

BENET, WILLIAM ROSE. Perpetual light.

*$1.35 Yale univ. press 811

19–25952

“A memorial to the poet’s wife, who died early in 1919. ‘This verse
is published in her memory,’ says the poet in a foreword, ‘because I
wish to keep together the poetry she occasioned and enable those
who loved her—and they were a great many—to know definitely what
she was to me.’” (Springf’d Republican) “Some of the poems are
reprinted from former books of Mr Benet, and a few of the others
have appeared in American periodicals.” (The Times [London] Lit
Sup)

“Mr Benet has a great command of rich language and rich

rhythms, and many of his poems are of a high literary value.”
 + Ath p194 Ap 9 ’20 80w

“A tribute full of deep and delicate feeling.”

+ Booklist 16:122 Ja ’20

“Poems of much delicate beauty, tenderness and deep feeling.”

+ Cleveland p85 S ’20 30w

“Mr Benet has written no better lyrics than some of those included
in this volume. They are both brave and simple.”

+ N Y Times 25:173 Ap 11 ’20 180w

“Mr Benet has given his best to this little book.”

+ Springf’d Republican p15a Ja 18 ’20

200w
The Times [London] Lit Sup p783 D 25
’19 60w

“The dignity, the courage, the faith, the aspiration of these verses
are like a beacon in this time of unrest and uncertainty.” E: B. Reed

+ Yale R n s 10:205 O ’20 220w

 BENGE, EUGENE J. Standard practice in
personnel work. il *$3 Wilson, H. W. 658.7

20–102

A work which aims to cover the subject of personnel work thoroly,

showing what the standard practice at present is. “The author has
attempted to preserve an impartiality of viewpoint, not by evading
frank statement of conditions, but rather by presenting the pros and
cons on each side of the labor question.” (Preface) Daniel Bloomfield,
editor of the three volumes on industrial relations, contributes a
foreword. Contents: The personnel audit; Job analysis; Study of the
community; Labor turnover and labor loss; Organizing the personnel
department; The employment process; Selection by mental and skill
tests; Methods of rating ability; Education and training; Health
supervision; Maintenance of the working force; Incentives and
wages; Employee representation; Record keeping in the personnel
department; Personnel research; Index.

BENNET, ROBERT AMES. Bloom of cactus. il

*$1.50 (3c) Doubleday

20–7647

Jack Lennon goes prospecting for a lost copper mine in the

Arizona desert. He encounters a fair amazon who, at the risk of her
own safety, tricks him into becoming a partner to her scheme of
rescuing her weak, drunken father from the clutches of a criminal
white brute, and “Dead Hole, dad’s ranch” from marauding renegade
Indians. She succeeds and so does Jack, after facing incredible
dangers, cruelty and all-round slaughter, for Carmena becomes his
own dearly beloved. She proves her metal by not only fighting her
foes in the flesh but her own jealousy of her much more femininely
frail, clinging and pretty foster-sister, Elsie.

BENNETT, ARNOLD. Our women; chapters on

the sex-discord. *$2.50 (5c) Doran 396

20–18319

Sex-discord exists, the author avows; it will always exist; it will

continue to develop as human nature develops—but on a higher
plane; it is the most delightful and interesting thing in existence—a
part of the great search for truth. In this vein a mere man writes
broadly, sanely and humorously about women. Contents: The perils
of writing about women; Change in love; The abolition of slavery;
Women as charmers; Are men superior to women? Salary-earning
girls; Wives, money and lost youth; The social Intercourse business;
Masculine view of the sex discord; Feminine view of the sex discord.

+ Booklist 17:93 D ’20

“‘Our women,’ being witty, human, and full of challenging

contradictions, will bore no reader, but will interest everyone, if only
for the sake of that argument dear to every mind.” Dorothy
Scarborough

+ Bookm 52:363 D ’20 560w

 “He is not always sensible when he is serious, and he is not always
funny when he seeks to be humorous. His discourse is merely the
attempt of a glib and facile writer to toy with a theme upon which he
can play endlessly, and at the end be no nearer his goal that he was at
the beginning.” E. F. Edgett

− + Boston Transcript p6 O 16 ’20 1400w

“The book is diverting to read, but is not without that vein of

vulgarity which mars so much of Mr Bennett’s work.” L. P.

+ − Freeman 2:190 N 3 ’20 270w

Nation 112:90 Ja 19 ’21 400w
+ N Y Times p1 O 10 ’20 1500w

“Mr Bennett writes as a novelist and more or less for the human
fun of it.” K. F. Gerould

+ − Review 3:377 O 27 ’20 900w

Sat R 130:279 O 2 ’20 500w

“We believe that most of his own countrywomen, though they may
praise, will not altogether like his book.”

+ − Spec 125:535 O 23 ’20 720w

“Though fresh enough in style and not philistine in precepts, ‘Our

women’ is as conventional as ‘Godey’s lady’s book,’ which regaled
several generations of young women; it is, however, a book modern
in sentiment.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p10 O 21 ’20 320w

“His pictures of the modern woman are kaleidoscopic—a medley of

truths and halftruths picked more or less at random from past,
present and future.”

− The Times [London] Lit Sup p678 O 21

’20 1000w

BENNETT, ARNOLD. Sacred and profane love.

*$1.50 Doran 822

20–1240

A dramatization of the author’s novel “The book of Carlotta.” The

story is that of Carlotta Peel, who as a young girl of twenty gives
herself for one night to Emilio Diaz, a world famous pianist. She does
not see him again for eight years and then, on learning that he has
become a morphinomaniac, goes to him and nurses him back to
health and manhood and restores him to his old place on the concert
stage.

“It is, evidently, not the Arnold Bennett of ‘Clayhanger’ who plays
upon the glittering instrument of the theatre. And it is that Arnold
Bennett who could fortify the English drama.”

− + Nation 110:435 Ap 3 ’20 200w

 “The dialog leaves us unconvinced and shadowed by the feeling
that sooner or later Carlotta will awaken to the futility of her task. We
glance with foreboding into the future. The present is temporarily
serene, but beyond the final curtain lurks a suspicion that the real
conflict of human emotions is still to come.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p13a Ap 25 ’20

520w

“Mr Bennett could hardly write a play without putting into it some
insight into character, some witty or suggestive comments upon
human life, at least one or two interesting situations and some
passages of good dialogue. Hence, this play is readable enough, but it
is clumsy and unconvincing.”

+ − Theatre Arts Magazine 4:174 Ap ’20

180w

[2]
BENNETT, RAINE. After the day. $1.50
Stratford co. 811

A volume of poems written after the war, reflecting the

impressions of war of one who took part in it. The author is a
Californian who has written dramas for local groups and had one
play produced at the Greek theatre in Berkeley. The introduction, by
George Douglas of the San Francisco Chronicle, says: “These ‘after
the day’ or ‘nocturnal’ impressions were all written with a view to
their being read aloud, and as dramatic reading they take on a
singularly magnetic quality.” Free verse is the form employed.
 “The poems, dramatic rather than lyric, are an earnest expression
of a man—one who has something to say in free verse that is worth
saying.”

+ Boston Transcript p6 N 20 ’20 120w

BENOIT, PIERRE. Atlantida (L’Atlantide).

*$1.75 (2½c) Duffield

20–12951

This prize novel of the French academy is translated from the

French by Mary C. Tongue and Mary Ross. Two French officers
engaged on a scientific expedition into the wilds of Sahara, discover
the mythical island of Atlantis and find that instead of having been
immersed in the sea, the desert had emerged about it preserving it
with all its ancient treasures and through mysterious contact with the
outside world, making it a storehouse of all the sciences and lore of
all the ages. Antinea, its present ruler, a descendant of Neptune, is
continually supplied with men from the outside world, who all die of
love for her while she is unable to love. At last she loves one of the
two officers of our story, but being scorned by him, she compels his
companion to kill him. This one, by the aid of a slave girl in love with
him, succeeds in escaping, but ever after wanders about a restless
spirit, consumed with the desire to return.

BooklistM 17:30 O ’20

 “There is a glamor of mystery in the story; there is a flavor of the
Orient, a glint of gold, an aroma of perfume which attracts the senses
and beckons the reader onward to the end. The French have a
fascinating way with them.”

+ Boston Transcript p6 Ag 25 ’20 200w

“Benoit has learned from Anatole France to display erudition but

the translators make a sad mess of it. What they do to classical
names should be a warning to reformers of the curriculum.”

+ − Dial 69:546 N ’20 90w

“The tale is told with an economy, a sureness and a subtlety that

show how a French writer can come near to salvaging for literature
themes which, in English, are condemned to a humbler sphere.” H.
S. H.

+ Freeman 2:358 D 22 ’20 120w

“Excellent as Monsieur Benoit’s book is, it does not equal, either in

imaginative power, fertility of invention, ingenuity and abundance of
incident, suspense, dramatic effectiveness, construction, character-
drawing, sustained interest or the ability to make the reader feel that
the events narrated actually occurred, any save perhaps some one
among the lesser of the many romances written by Sir Rider
Haggard. This is not to say, however, that it is not an admirable and
very entertaining story, with a conclusion both artistic and dramatic,
and more than one scene of fine imaginative quality.”

+ − N Y Times p24 Ag 1 ’20 1050w

 BENOIT, PIERRE. Secret spring. *$1.75 (3c)
Dodd

20–7919

In this story within a story Lieutenant Vignerte tells his brother-in-

arms the story of his life, which is still casting a melancholy spell
over him. Just before the war he had been a tutor to the heir of the
Grand Duke of Lautenburg-Detmold. He had fallen in love with the
Grand Duchess, received much friendly encouragement, had come
on the track of a mystery which points to the murder of her first
husband—brother to the present duke—by discovering old records
and a secret spring opening a door into a hidden chamber. A
conflagration in the castle and the outbreak of the war prevented
complete disclosure. The duchess herself took him in her private car
to the French frontier and saw him safely into the hands of the
French commander there. While in action in the trenches a German
prisoner of high rank is discovered, by Vignerte’s confidant, to be the
arch-fiend in the Lautenburg tragedy, but here again a complete
revelation of the secret is foiled by a shell that kills both Vignerte and
the prisoner.

+ Cleveland p71 Ag ’20 70w

“In spite of the involved plot, the annoyance of a story within a

story, and the somewhat cloudy narrative style—which latter may or
may not be partly the fault of the translator—the spirit of romance in
this volume makes it fairly acceptable to the leisurely reader.”

+ − N Y Times 25:21 Jl 11 ’20 550w

+−