401

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Q No
4
3
2
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
4
1
4
1
2
3
3
1
3
2
2
3
2
2
4
2
2
3
3
Option
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
Q No
3
1
1
3
3
3
2
4
1
4
3
3
2
1
2
2
3
1
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
2
4
4
2
Option
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
Q No
CIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTRECIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCENTREIASACADEMYIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTRECIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMYCIVICCENTREIASACADEMY
3
1
4
4
3
3
1
1
1
3
2
4
4
4
4
3
1
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
1
3
Option
Key and Explanations
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
Q No
2
3
3
2
1
3
4
4
1
3
4
2
3
4
3
3
2
1
4
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
1
1
3
4
Option
TGPSC | Group-II | Test Series – 2024 | 120 Days Plan | TG2BOT-0401
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
Q No
Every Question is framed based on the Reverse Engineering Technique | www.civiccentre.in

3
3
3
1
4
2
2
4
2
1
1
3
4
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
3
Option
1
Detailed Explanations
1. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ Religions Fairs in Telangana: The people of
▪ Financial Reforms: Telangana state are spiritually motivated and
• Salarjung I abolished the tax farming follow religious values and practices in their daily
system, which benefited daftardars and life.
contractors at the expense of the state and ▪ Religious worship is adhered to both as an
poor peasants. individual attainment and a collective
• He appointed regular Talukdars paid by the endeavour.
state, enabling direct revenue collection ▪ Some of the popular Jataras are enlisted as
from peasants and accurate tax follows:
assessments. • Yedupayal Jatara: This Jatara is held near
▪ Administrative Reforms: Nagasanipalli village of Papannapet mandal
• Salarjung I discontinued the 17th-century in Medak district every year on Shivarathri
Mughal administrative divisions, day.
establishing Talukas as the primary • Nagoba Jatara (Indravelli Jatara): This Jatara
administrative units under Talukdars. is held at Keslapur near Utnoor of lndravelli
• Previously, Talukdars were appointed mandal of Adilabad district.
through bribery and collected revenue • Velala Jatara: This Jatara is held on Maha
through intermediaries. shivarathri day every year at Velala of
• Salarjung's reforms included appointing Chennur Taluq in Adilabad district.
paid Talukdars and introducing the ‘Zama • SiddulaguttaJatara: Siddulagutta is located in
Bandi’ system. Armoormandal of Nizamabad district.
▪ Judicial Reforms: • Sammakka - Saralamma Jatara: This Jatara is
• Salarjung I reformed the judicial system by also known as Medaram Jatara as it is held on
establishing courts in the city and districts, every second year in Medaram ranges of
treating all individuals equally under the Tadwai Mandal in Warangal District.
law. • lnavolu Jatara: [n Warangal district Jatara is
• He abolished mutilation, capital held forMylardeva every year at lnavolu.
punishment, and supported the prohibition • Koravi Jatara: This Jatara is held at Koravi for
of Sati. Sri Veera Bhadra Swamy on every Shivarathri
▪ Police Administration: day. The village Koravi is in l0 kms radius to
• Prior to 1865, the Nizam’s state had no Mahabubabad in Warangal district
organized police force. • NallaKondaJatara:
• Salarjung I established a well-organized ThisJataraisheldatNallakondavillageofKondi
police department, moving away from the myalmandalinKarimnagar district every year
Mughal tradition of relying on village patels on the fullmoon day of Maghmasa (a Telugu
and patwaris, and city Kotwals. almanac month that roughly falls in March).
▪ Transport and Communication: • KomaravelliJatara: In Komaravalli village of
• Recognizing the poor state of Cheryal Mandal in Warangal district, alatara
communication, Salarjung I took measures is held for Mallanna Deva.
to improve it. • Tuljabhavani Jatara: This is held at
• In 1868, he laid the railway line connecting Peddaminigal village of Chandampet mandal
Hyderabad and Sholapur, and in 1870, the in Nalgonda district as a part of the 9 day
line connecting Madras and Bombay Navarathri celebrations during Dussera
through Wadi and Gulbarga. festival.
▪ Education and Public Services: • Kurumurthi Jatara: This Jatara is held near
• Salarjung I prioritized education to foster Atmakur in Mahaboobnagar district.
public awakening and improve state • Gadwal Jatara: This Jatara is held in Lord Sri
administration. Chennakesava temple at Gadwal town in
• His efforts aimed at bringing significant Mahaboobnagar district in Vaishnavite
changes to the education system in tradition.
Hyderabad, thereby producing efficient • Maldagul Jatara: This Jatara is held in
personnel for better governance. Maldagul village in Mahaboobnaga rdistrict
2. Correct Answer: Option (3) and popularly known as Thimmappa Jatara.
3. Correct Answer: Option (2)
Every Question is framed based on the Reverse Engineering Technique | www.civiccentre.in 2
▪ Deccani Culture (Tehzeeb): the Telangana movement during 1950's, 60's and
• Deccani culture, also known as Tehzeeb, later during 90's.
has significantly influenced traditions, ▪ lt has become a bone of contention in giving
customs, and thought processes. impetus to separate Telangana agitation.
• Unique food habits and cultural elements 5. Correct Answer: Option (4)
have emerged, particularly centered on ▪ One of the significant features of Telangana
Hyderabad. society is the existence of tribal communities.
▪ Cultural Components: ▪ Among the adivasi (tribal) Communities in
• Prominent scholar Velchala Kondala Rao Telangana, Gonds and Kolams live in Adilabad
highlighted aspects like Hyderabadi district, Nayakpods live in Adilabad, Karimnagar
hospitality, elegance, love, relaxation, and Warangal, Pardhans and Thoti at Adilabad,
poetry, sophistication, dialect, grandeur, Konda Reddies in Khammam and Walangal,
adornment, nobility, expression, charm, Koyas in Warangal and Khalrunam, Chenchus in
delicacy, biryani, nobility, unity, humor, tea, Nallamala forest ranges of Mahaboobnagar,
gatherings, paan, originality, and the iconic Lambadas in Nalgonda and Medak and Valmikis
Charminar cigarette. in Khammam district.
▪ Global Recognition: ▪ While many of these tribal communities chose
• These cultural values are renowned agriculture as their livelihood, some of them
globally. Kings and dynasties have worked gather food and minor forest products for
to preserve this unique culture. livelihood.
▪ Language Development: ▪ In fact, the tribal communities had self-sufficient
• Deccani culture influenced language, economies with harvesting of food grains to the
leading to distinct forms like Hyderabadi extent of their needs and were never in contact
Telugu, Farsi (Persian), Urdu, and Hindi, with people of plain areas for a long time.
contributing to a rich composite culture. 6. Correct Answer: Option (2)
4. Correct Answer: Option (2) ▪ Art forms, Traditional skills and Handicrafts:
▪ Mulki means local or native. ▪ In Telangana Indian handicrafts are more
▪ It also implies "inhabitant" or "domicile", popular in the world for their craftsmanship,
▪ 'Non - Mulki or "Ghair Mulki means on' alien'or' creativity and beauty.
non-resident'. ▪ These have emanated from generations as rich
▪ Initially, residents were treated as Dakkanies historical heritage in India.
and non-residents were treated as Afhakies. ▪ Among these art forms and handicrafts,
▪ Many people settled along with solidiers during Telangana products occupy a special place.
Asaf Jhahi regime. ▪ Nirmal Artware: Nirmal town in Adilabad district
▪ They included Muslims and Hindus. is the centre for many creative handicraft
▪ They were termed as Dakkanies during products such as artistic toys, pictures on
Bahaman is reign since they were treated as scenaries, furniture and other forms.
residents. ▪ Wood carvings in Bhuvanagiri: Bhuvanagiri town
▪ They occupied many positions. and surrounding areas in Nalgonda district of
▪ During Bahmani Sultan periods, many people Telangana are famous for wood carving artistic
from Iran, Iraq, Turkey and many other forms. These are carved out of logs and woods of
countries settled in Dakkan India' They were different ranges as great artistic forms.
called as Afhakies. ▪ Cheriyal scroll paintings: These paintings are
▪ Afhakies means non-residents. drawn on clothes narrating the scenaries of
▪ Dakkanis were treated as Mulkis and Afhakies folklore. These are drawn at Cheriyal and
treated as Non-Mulkis' surrounding areas of Warangal district and are
▪ The idea of Mulki which signifies the indigenous famous in the country as an artistic product of
or local nativity in opposition to the outsiders in Telangana.
terms of jobs, employment or positions in the ▪ Silver Filigree: This is a precious art form
govemment services assumed significance in undertaken by handicraftsmen in Karimnagar
the history of Hyderabad state. district.
▪ It goes back to 600 years of past history of ▪ Asia Rhumal (Theliya Rhumal): These are made in
Hyderabad and the successive ruling dynasties. Pochampalli and its surrounding areas in
▪ Mulki or non-Mulki, as they were popularly Nalgonda district. These are made with a
called, received serious attention as they led to complex weaving form called Ikkat.

▪ Gadwal-Kothakota Sarees: Hundreds of families • Finally, the responsibility of establishing it
in Gadwal and Kothakota areas of was entrusted to Sri Ravi Narayan Reddy and
Mahaboobnagar district weave this type of Ram Kishan Doot.
sarees. These are delicately weaved with • It was decided that all those who attended
complex procedure with high skills by using silk the Conference of Hyderabad might be
material laces and kalankari. declared as the members of the Congress
7. Correct Answer: Option (2) who would have to form an executive council
▪ Establishment of Hyderabad State Congress: along with many others who were willing to
• In the political history of Hyderabad, the work with the association.
establishment of Hyderabad State Congress • Finally, on January 29, l938, the Hyderabad
assumed a great significance. Sate Congress was formed unanimously.
• This gave impetus to the people's • It formed a temporary "Executive
movement which was fighting for civil rights Committee" with Burgula Ramakrishna Rao,
and responsible govemment even earlier Ravi Narayan Reddy, Harish chandraHeda,
through the Hyderabad State Reforms R.S. Naik, G Rama Chari, Janardhan Rao
Commission and Nizam Civil Society. Desai, Sirijaul HasanTirimji and panduranga
• The establishment of Hyderabad State Joshi.
Congress was influenced by many factors 8. Correct Answer: Option (3)
directly and indirectly. ▪ Nizam's Subjects' League:
• In l92l, Andhra Jana Sangham was • In 1935, the Nizam's Subjects' League
established in Telangana. (Jamiyath Rimayaye Nizam in Urdu) was
• Later, in 1937, Maharashtra Parishad and formed to protect the rights of locals (Mulkis)
Kamataka Parishad were formed. and promote political reforms in the Nizam
• In the Round Table Conferences of 193 1- State, as non-locals (non-Mulkis) dominated
32, held in London, there were certain job opportunities.
proposals for granting Fundamental Rights ▪ Key Figures:
to the people of the Princely States. • President: Nawab Sir Nizamath Jung, who
• In order to achieve this goal, the Swadeshi also served as a High Court Judge and
Movement was started in Hyderabad. Political Affairs Minister.
• At this time, some youth, who attended the • Vice Presidents: Dr. Latif Sayeed and
all lndia Congress Conference in Haripur Ramachandra Nayak.
retuned to Hyderabad. • Secretaries: Syed Abid Hassan, Burgula
• Having been very enthusiastic, they wished Ramakrishna Rao, and Srinivas Sarma.
to establish a non-communal political • Treasurer: Barrister Naushir Chinoy.
association with a nationalistic outlook. ▪ Working Committee Members:
• They came to know that there was such an • Rajabahadur Venkata Ram Reddy
organization, namely State Congress in • Nawab Shamshirjung
Mysore. • Vaman Nayak, Akbar Ali Khan
• In Cochin, a small Princely State also, a • Kashinatha Rao Vaidhya
responsible government was formed. • Madapati Hanumantha Rao
• The ruler of Oudh also had promised to • Abul Hasan Syed Ali
establish a responsible govemment in his • Gopala Rao Vakil
State. • P.V. Joshi
• In spite of so many developments in many • Shankar Rao Borgankar
Princely States, the Nizam government • Janardhan Rao Desai
resorted to anti-people activities which had • Ahmed Mohiuddin
hurt the people of Hyderabad Princely State • Mandumula Narasinga Rao
who loved democracy and civil rights. • Kalilujjama
• So, the youth who attended Haripura • Mir Hasanuddin
Conference, held a number of discussions
• Sripathi Rao Palnitkar
which ultimately led them to take decision
• Nawab Moin Yar Jung
unanimously to establish apolitical
• Nawab Batradur Yar Jung.
association with the name of Hyderabad
▪ Broad Support:
State Congress.

• The League included members from • The reorganization of armed forces and civil
Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Majlis, various administration invited many non-Mulkis for
people's organizations, and the Congress. employment, worsening the future
9. Correct Answer: Option (2) prospects of eligible Telangana youth,
▪ Sculpture in Telangana: despite their educational efforts in
• Sculpture is prominently featured in many Hyderabad and other states.
temples across Telangana. Violation of Safeguards:
• The Kakatiya kingdom particularly • Non-Mulkis entered employment with fake
emphasized sculpture as a popular art form. certificates, leading to unrest.
• Telangana artists excel in various carving Property Acquisition:
techniques, including "Malikas" (designed ▪ Non-Mulkis acquired properties in Hyderabad,
strings), Nakshatra Pushpas (star-like overlooking administrative regulations, leading
embedded flowers), Valli Shilpam to protests and agitations between 1940 and
(circumferential idols), Deergharekha 1952.
Vaividhyam (diversified lines), and ▪ Efforts to send back non-Mulkis halted with the
Chaturbhuja Rekha Chitram (square type formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956,
even line moldings). legitimizing previous acquisitions.
▪ Notable Temples and Sites: Cultural Disrespect:
• Temples like the Ramappa Temple and the ▪ Non-locals belittled locals, mocking the native
Thousand Pillars Temple are renowned for language and Telangana culture. Cinema and
their rich sculptural work. media sectors exacerbated these attitudes,
• The Rayachur Fort features sculptures neglecting local problems and poverty.
depicting scenes like a large boulder being Promotion Difficulties:
pulled by beasts and humans, offering a ▪ Telangana employees faced promotion hurdles
visual feast. as exams were held in Telugu and English,
▪ Post-Independence Patronage: creating obstacles for locals.
• In the post-independence period, Ghair Mulki Agitation:
Telangana society supported notable ▪ In response, concerned citizens, youth, and
sculptors such as Vasthu Shilpi Shri B.N. students initiated the Ghair Mulki agitation in
Reddy, an expert in proper residential 1952 to preserve Telangana's heritage and
construction. safeguard local employment opportunities.
10. Correct Answer: Option (2) ▪ The movement spread to Hyderabad, Warangal,
Violation of Mulki Rules in Hyderabad: and other towns.
▪ Both during the princely state of Hyderabad and 11. Correct Answer: Option (3)
the post-independence period after its ▪ Burgula Rama Krishna Rao Ministry:
integration into India, the Mulki rules (local ▪ As Chief Minister elected through popular vote,
employment regulations) were frequently Shri Krishna Rao ensured representation for all
violated. sections in his ministry. The cabinet included
▪ A renowned newspaper, "The Star of notable figures such as:
Allahabad," highlighted these violations, noting ✓ Digambar Rao Bindu: Home
the indifference in enforcing the rules. ✓ K.V. Ranga Reddy: Excise and Forests
▪ Many Hyderabad civil service officials recruited ✓ Vinayak Rao Vidyalankar: Commerce and
between 1919 and 1934 were non-locals. Industries
▪ After the integration of Hyderabad into the ✓ G.S. Melkote: Finance and Statistics
Indian Union, many non-Mulkis entered ✓ Mehdi Nawaz Jung: Public Health and
employment in Telangana, occupying higher Public Works
positions under government orders. ✓ Marri Chenna Reddy: Agriculture and
Key Developments and Consequences: Planning
▪ Unrest Among Locals: ✓ Anna Rao Jnanamukhi: Rural
• The influx of non-Mulkis into Hyderabad Reconstruction and Education
state jobs caused unrest among local youth ✓ Shanker Dev: Social Welfare
and students. Locals felt their ability to 12. Correct Answer: Option (1)
manage their administration was ▪ Post-Nizam Administration and the Mulki
challenged. Movement:
Impact on Local Youth: • After the Nizam, both the military
administration of J.N. Choudary and the civil
rule of M.K. Vellodi continued appointing ▪ Key Findings of the Report:
non-locals (non-Mulkis) to various jobs and • Lack of Coordination:
positions, mirroring the Nizam's methods. ✓ The police firing in Patherghat, Afzalgunz,
• A significant number of officials from states and City College areas on September 3rd,
like Madras, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, and 1952, resulted from a lack of coordination
Uttar Pradesh were brought in, leading to between political leaders, representatives,
widespread dissatisfaction among the and police officers.
people of Hyderabad State. • Agitator Actions:
▪ Dissatisfaction with Non-Locals: ✓ The agitators, numbering around 40,000,
• Officials from Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, were determined to conduct a major rally.
and Uttar Pradesh mingled well with the ✓ They burned a wireless van, threw stones
people of Telangana. at the police, and seemed poised to attack
• However, officials from Madras, a police station, prompting the police to
particularly those from Andhra, dominated open fire.
and created problems for the local ▪ Efforts to Pacify:
populace. ✓ Political leaders and government officials
• The hopes that problems would end with attempted to pacify and make peace with
the Nizam's rule and life would improve the students.
under Indian administration were dashed. ✓ However, the students' insecurity towards
Locals, especially students, felt that non-Mulkis fueled the movement, leading
employment opportunities would remain the police to opt for firing despite believing
out of reach due to the influx of non-Mulkis. they could control the situation without it.
13. Correct Answer: Option (3) • Political Exploitation:
▪ The committee met and took the opinions from ✓ Some political leaders used the movement
about 100 members on the spot as witnesses. and the students for their own selfish
▪ It also enquired Burgula Rama Krishna Rao, purposes.
Chief Minister, Mohanappa (IGP), ▪ Recommendations:
Shivakumarlal (Commissioner of Police), Sunder ✓ The committee emphasized the need for
Pillai (DCP), Subbaiah (Brigadier), Ramlal, discipline among students and civilians and
Principal of the City College, Collector of made several suggestions to the
Hyderabad and other government officials. government.
▪ After the investigation it submitted a complete ✓ It recommended the strict implementation
report to the Government on 28th December, of Mulki rules and regulations.
1952. ▪ The report highlighted the complexities of the
14. Correct Answer: Option (3) situation and urged both the government and
▪ The Report of Jaganmohan Reddy Committee: the public to take steps towards better
• The state government appointed a coordination and adherence to regulations to
committee chaired by Justice Pingali prevent future conflicts.
Jaganmohan Reddy to investigate the 15. Correct Answer: Option (2)
police firing on people during the Mulki ▪ Formation of New States and the State
agitation on September 3rd and 4th, 1952, Reorganization Commission:
in Hyderabad. • After the formation of Andhra state, the
• The committee visited High Court, City government recognized the need to study
College, Patherghat, and Afzalgunz, local problems for forming new states in
conducting investigations in the presence South India and appointed the State
of locals and taking statements from about Reorganization Commission on December
100 witnesses. 22, 1953.
• Key figures interviewed included Chief • Justice Sayyed Fazal Ali was appointed as the
Minister Burgula Rama Krishna Rao, IGP Chairman, with Hridaynath Kunzru and
Mohanappa, and Police Commissioner Kavalam Madhava Panikkar as members.
Shivakumarlal, DCP Sunder Pillai, Brigadier ▪ Commission Activities:
Subbaiah, City College Principal Ramlal, and • The Commission visited various places in
other officials. India, including Hyderabad in June and July of
• The final report was submitted on 1954, to hear views from different
December 28th, 1952. organizations, individuals, and leaders.

• They received memorandums expressing Electricals Limited - BHEL,
both support and opposition to Ramachandrapuram Indian
Visalandhra. Instiute ofTechnology (IIT) - Kandi
▪ Prominent figures like Konda Venkata Ranga Khammam Manuguru Heavy Water project ,
Reddy and Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy opposed the District Sponze Iron Factory, Nava Bharat
formation of a united Visalandhra, advocating Ferro Alloys , Bhadrachalam Paper
for a separate Telangana. Board , Kothagudam Thermal
▪ Commission's Recommendations: Power Station
• Submitted its report to the government on Ranga Reddy Indian Institute of lnformation
September 30, 1955. District Technology, Indian School of
• Recommended incorporating Kannada- Business,
speaking areas with Mysore state and Biotechnology Park , Sri Vallabhai
Marathi-speaking districts with Bombay Patel National Police Academy,
state. RBVR State Police Academy,
• Did not recommend immediate formation National lnstitute of Rural
of Visalandhra but suggested incorporating Development (NIRD), Nuclear Fuel
Bidar district and Munagala paragana as a ComPlex (NFC), Electronic
separate state named Hyderabad Corporation of India Limited (ECIL),
temporarily. Hindustan Cables Limited, Air Force
• Proposed that after the general elections of Academy- Dundigal
1961, if a 2/3 majority of the Assembly of Nizamabad Nizam sugar factory
Andhra and Telangana areas agreed, both Nalgonda Ramoji Film city
regions could be united as Visalandhra. Hyderabad Hitech city,
▪ Reactions and Opinions: Centre for Cellular and Molecular
• Thenneti Viswanadham remarked that the Biology (CCMB), Indian Institute of
Commission's agreement supported Chemical Technology (IICT),
Visalandhra, but the decree favored National Mineral Development
Telangana. Corporation (NMDC), Hindustan
• K.V. Ranga Reddy, in New Delhi on October Machine Tools (HMT), Hindustan
22, 1955, argued that Telangana would Aeronautics limited(HAL),
thrive as an autonomous region. Survey of lndia , Engineering Staff
16. Correct Answer: Option (1) College of India, National
Tulja Bhavani Jatara: Geophysical research Institute
▪ Celebrated during Navaratri of Dasara festival (NGRI)
at Peddamunigal village of Chandampet
mandal, Nalgonda District. 18. Correct Answer: Option (1)
▪ This Jatara is attended by the Lambadi tribes ▪ Mulki Movement in Hyderabad:
and many others. • The Mulki movement, which began in
▪ The main priest is also a Lambadi. Warangal, spread throughout the state,
Nallakonda Jatara: significantly impacting Hyderabad City.
▪ Celebrated in Narasimha swamy temple in • On August 31, 1952, students organized a
Nallakonda village, Kodimial mandal of Jagtial strike and rallied from Saifabad College to
district. Abids, protesting the unlawful lathi charge
▪ According to puranas, Sri Maha Vishnu stepped on students the previous day.
on this hill (konda) after destroying • On September 2, 1952, Hyderabad City
Hiranyakasyapa. Commissioner Shivakumarlal issued an order
17. Correct Answer: Option (4) warning parents to prevent their children
District Name of the Institution / Industry from participating in violence and disobeying
Adilabad Paper Mill at Sirpur Kagaznagar orders, threatening severe punishment.
District • Despite this, students united and continued
Karimnagar Fertilizers Corporation of India - rallies with slogans such as "non-mulki go
District Ramagundam Coal mines Singareni back - idly sambar go back" and "student’s
Medak District Ordnance Factory (Yeddu union zindabad."
Mylaram) Bharat Dynamic Limited ▪ Student Participation and Government
BDL - Bhanoor Bharat Heavy Response:

• Students from all educational institutions in • In Mahaboobnagar district, hundreds of
Hyderabad and Secunderabad joined the families in Gadwal and Kothakota weave
strike, making it a success. these sarees.
• On September 3, 1952, the government • They are known for their delicate weaving
issued banned orders for peace and process, using silk material, laces, and
security. However, students defied the kalankari, requiring high skill.
orders, intensified the movement, and even 20. Correct Answer: Option (2)
burned the car of Burgula Rama Krishna ▪ The following are some of the predominant
Rao. scheduled tribe inhabiting in Telangana:
• In response, the police fired • Pardhans and Thoti: These tribes are found in
indiscriminately in the areas of City College Adilabad district hills, hillocks and forest
and Pattarghat on September 3, 1952, ranges. Pardhans are given top priority in all
resulting in the deaths of two people and the social relations of Gonds. Hence, they are
serious injuries to 147 others. known as Pradhans or main friend.
• Further police firing occurred on September • Konda Reddies: Konda Reddy tribe lives in
4, leading to the deaths of four more Khammam and Warangal districts of
individuals and injuries to 104 people. Telangana state and Godavari river valley
▪ Notable Aspects: areas. The main occupations of Kondareddy
• The people killed in the police firing were community are agriculture, (Podu
not students but common people who cultivation), food gathering and cattle
participated in the movement under rearing. Konda reddy tribe never uses a
student leadership. plough for cultivation.
• The movement demonstrated significant • Koyas: This tribe lives in Warangal,
support from the general public, indicating Khammam and some parts of Nalgonda
widespread dissatisfaction and solidarity district and West and East Godavari districts
with the students' cause. of Andhra Pradesh. Koyas worship the sun
19. Correct Answer: Option (4) and the moon. They are also known as konda
Art and Craft of Telangana: Doras (Lords of hills).
▪ Nirmal Artware: • Lambada Tribe: Lambadas live in Nalgonda,
• Located in Adilabad district, Nirmal town is Rangareddy, Medak and other districts of
renowned for its creative handicrafts, Telangana in large numbers. Lambada Tribe
including artistic toys, scenic paintings, was recognized as a scheduled tribe in 197
furniture, and other forms. 6by the then Andhra Pradesh government.
▪ Wood Carvings in Bhuvanagiri: Nature worship and multi theism are
• Bhuvanagiri town and surrounding areas in practiced among Lambadas.
Nalgonda district are famous for their 21. Correct Answer: Option (1)
intricate wood carvings. ▪ Salarjung himself was a scholar and he believed
• These artistic forms are crafted from that the state would develop only with the
various types of wood. educated people, wise men and intellectuals.
▪ Cheriyal Scroll Paintings: ▪ He paid much attention to start schools and
• Originating from Cheriyal and surrounding educational institutions in the state.
areas in Warangal district, these paintings ▪ His secretary Sayyed Hussain Bilgrami helped
depict folklore scenes on cloth. Salarjung in improving education.
• They are a well-known artistic product of ▪ In 1855 during Nizam Nasiruddaula, he
Telangana. established Daarul salaam a higher educational
▪ Silver Filigree: institute and introduced western educational
• This delicate art form is practiced by skilled system where Arabic, Urdu and English were
craftsmen in Karimnagar district, creating taught.
intricate designs from silver. ▪ He introduced English medium schools.
▪ Asia Rhumal (Theliya Rhumal): • He introduced the following schools-
• Produced in Pochampalli and its • City High School in 1870.
surrounding areas in Nalgonda district, • Chadarghat High School in 1872
these are woven using the complex Ikkat • For the children of nobility and elite
technique. "Madarsa Alia" in I873.
▪ Gadwal-Kothakota Sarees:

• For the children of nobles and officials • They submitted a memorandum to Nizam
"Madarsa E Aizza in1878. Mahaboob Ali Khan, expressing concerns
• Gloria girls high school in 1881 that Salarjung II was encouraging the
22. Correct Answer: Option (1) dominance of Non-Mulkis.
▪ Mulki means local or native. • In response, during the Nizam's dynasty, a
▪ It also implies "inhabitant" or "domicile", letter was issued to gather information
▪ 'Non - Mulki or "Ghair Mulki, means on' about the number and designations of Non-
alien'or'non-resident'. Mulkis.
▪ Initially, residents were treated as Dakkanies • This led to the release of a civil list of
and non-residents were treated as Afhakies employees in 1886.
23. Correct Answer: Option (3) 25. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ Mulki Problem During the Afzal-ud-Daula ▪ Osman Ali Khan Farmana - 1919:
(1857-1869): • During the regime of the Seventh Nizam,
• The issue of Mulki (local employment Osman Ali Khan issued a Farmana (decree) in
rights) became severe and led to a 1919 to protect the rights of Mulkis (locals)
significant movement during the rule of the in government jobs. This set of rules became
fifth Nizam, Afzal-ud-Daula. known as the Mulki Rules.
▪ Key Reasons for the Mulki Problem: ▪ Key Provisions of the Mulki Rules:
• Post-Sepoy Mutiny Migration: • Exclusive Appointments:
✓ After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 and the ✓ Only Mulkis should be appointed to
fall of the Mughal Empire, many people government jobs.
who lost their positions in Awadh, • Eligibility Criteria:
Lucknow, Bengal, Punjab, Delhi, and ✓ Those born in the Nizam's state were
Murshidabad migrated to the Nizam's considered Mulkis and were eligible for
state. jobs.
✓ The Nizam's state provided a peaceful ✓ Individuals who lived continuously in
refuge for them. These migrants quickly Hyderabad for 15 years and were unwilling
secured high administrative positions, to leave were also treated as Mulkis.
depriving local Mulkis of these ✓ Children of those who worked in
opportunities. Hyderabad State for 15 years were
• Reforms by Salarjung I: considered Mulkis.
✓ Salarjung I, who became Prime Minister in • Extended Eligibility:
1853, implemented numerous reforms to ✓ The wife of a Mulki was also considered a
modernize Hyderabad State. Mulki.
✓ He invited many intellectuals and ✓ Identification as a Mulki required a
educated people from North India, declaration certificate from a higher officer
including Kayasthas and Khatris, to aid in of Collector cadre.
this modernization. • Impact of the Farmana:
✓ Many of these individuals, particularly ✓ Non-Mulki jobs were classified as
from Aligarh University, migrated to temporary.
Hyderabad and secured jobs. ✓ All government jobs were filled based on
✓ It was initially believed they would leave written examinations, ensuring fairness.
after training the locals and assigning ✓ Mulkis were given due justice even in
duties to them. promotions, securing their rightful place in
✓ However, after completing their government employment.
assignments, they settled in important 26. Correct Answer: Option (1)
positions and continued to block Mulki ▪ Farmana - 1933:
individuals from obtaining jobs, causing • The Farmana issued by Osman Ali Khan in
significant injustice to the locals. 1919 also inadvertently benefited Non-
24. Correct Answer: Option (3) Mulkis, allowing them to secure jobs
▪ Mulki Gazette 1888: intended for locals.
• Frustrated by the domination and arrogant • This led to ongoing protests from Mulkis,
attitude of Non-Mulkis, the local Mulkis which intensified by 1930.
initiated a movement. • The appointment of Khan Sahib from Punjab
to higher posts further aggravated the

situation, as Non-Mulkis began to dominate 28. Correct Answer: Option (2)
all departments, denying Mulkis ▪ Administrative reforms and achievements of
promotions and opportunities. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao:
▪ Renewed Mulki Movement: • The progress achieved and efforts made by
• The Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, issued the Rao’s Government in various sectors
another Farmana in 1933 to protect Mulki received wide appreciations.
jobs. • Important achievements are as follows:
• It was decided to fill jobs with educated ✓ Economic stability- Implementation of
Mulkis, and a circular was issued for the Gorwala committee recommendations
strict implementation of this policy. ✓ Abolition of Jagirdari system - protection of
• Mulkis expressed their gratitude for this rights to Tenent farmers
favorable measure. ✓ Land Reforms
▪ Support for Mulkis: ✓ Other Reforms.
• Kothwal, Raja Bahadur Venkata Ram 29. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Reddy, supported Mulkis in all aspects. ▪ Vellodi Government in Hyderabad State (1950-
• A large meeting was held in Hyderabad to 1952):
express gratitude to the Nizam for the • From January 1, 1950, to December 31, 1952,
Farmana. Hyderabad State was governed by the
27. Correct Answer: Option (3) Vellodi administration.
▪ Dr. Ambedkar's Opinions on Smaller States: • The key members of this government
• The reorganization of smaller states has included:
been a topic of discussion even before ✓ M.K. Vellodi: Chief Minister (Civil
India's independence. Administrator)
• In 1953, the central government formed a ✓ M. Sheshadri: Member
committee to address this issue. ✓ C.V.S. Rao: Member
• At the time of independence, India had over ✓ Nawab Jain Yarjung: Member
500 princely states (samsthans), ranging ✓ Burgula Rama Krishna Rao: Member
from small to large, which faced financial ✓ Poolchand Premchand Gandhi: Member
challenges and lacked self-sufficiency. ✓ Vinayaka Rao Koratkar: Member
• By 1950, these princely states were merged ✓ V.B. Raju: Member
to form 28 units, such as Himachal Pradesh, • Additional Nominations:
created from the merger of 30 samsthans ✓ Ramananda Thirtha, Marri Chenna Reddy,
covering 27,000 sq.km in 1948. and Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy were also
▪ Challenges and Solutions: nominated to the Parliament during this
• The diverse linguistic and cultural period.
backgrounds of people posed 30. Correct Answer: Option (4)
administrative and cultural problems, ▪ The Important Points of Resolution (JAC) :
leading to opposition regarding state • A cabinet committee has to be appointed to
boundaries. examine the Mulki rules and regulations. And
• This turbulence fueled a strong desire for this should be announced by the Chief
states based on language. Minister in Newspapers.
• The States Reorganization Commission • The orders should be issued for the
(SRC) agreed with forming states on recruitment of the posts as per the Mulki
linguistic lines but also considered norms. And the posts should be filled
geographical area, resources, and other immediately.
factors, especially in the case of merging • The dominance and superiority of the non-
Telangana and Andhra areas. local people in the Hyderabad state should
▪ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Observations: be controlled to avoid the insecurity feeling
• Dr. Ambedkar noted that the 1956 states of the local people and this should be
reorganization used language as a primary announced.
parameter, attracting severe criticism. 31. Correct Answer: Option (2)
• He observed that the SRC did not give ▪ Kolam: This community is also known as
adequate weightage to geographical area in Kolavars. These people have a language and
the reorganization process based on dialect which is in proximity with Gond language.
linguistic lines.

▪ Kolam tribe practice both podu (shifting) Bahadur yar Jung of Ittehadul Muslimeen Party
cultivation and settled cultivation. Most of was expressed by Mohammad Hasan in 1940.
them are settled in Adilabad and Macherial ▪ The association of Razakars, as a military wing
district. was formed by Bahadur Yar Jung' worked as a
▪ Yerukula: Yerukula found throughout the state, voluntary militia in the Princely State and
and mostly found in Rangareddy, they call resorted to the activities of monstrosity and
themselves as Kurru. They speak their own treachery.
dialect called Yerukula basha that includes ▪ Razakars, a voluntary militia of Muslims and
words from Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada some other Muslim aggressive communalists,
▪ Koya: This tribe lives in Mulugu, Warangal, who indulged themselves in a number of
Khammam and some parts of Nalgonda district treacherous and brutal acts, like attacking the
and West and East Godavari districts of Andhra villages, in day time, insulting, raping and
Pradesh. abducting the women, pillaging houses and
▪ Koyas worship the sun and the moon. They are fields, murdering Hindus and looting non-Muslim
also known as konda doras (Lords of hills) properly in a widespread reign of terror.
▪ Gond: Generally, Gonds live in Telangana 35. Correct Answer: Option (3)
(Adilabad), Maharashtra, Chattisgarh and other Swami Ramananda Teertha
states. ▪ Join Indian Union Movement or Merger
▪ Adilabad district has a cultural heritage of its Movement or Hyderabad Liberation movement.
own and the famous Nagoba Jatara (a religious ▪ This movement was as old as the formation of
fair) is regularly held at Keslapur near Utnoor the Princely State itself it took a tangible
village. manifestation on August 7, 1947 (which means a
32. Correct Answer: Option (4) week before independence)
▪ With the Injustice faced by many students of ▪ With the call “Join the Indian Union” given by the
Telangana the students started a Mulki Executive Committee of the Hyderabad State
agitation in 1952 for achieving their own rights Congress.
in the course of the agitation the students ▪ The call spread like wildfire in the entire Princely
coined many Slogans like: State of Hyderabad, as the people, wearing the
▪ The slogans, "Non-Mulkis Go back", "Idly black badges, participated in a great procession
Sambar Go back and "Hyderabad Belongs to and gave slogans, expressing their ardent desire
Hyderabadis" were clearly showing the to join the Indian Union.
intention of the Telangana people that ▪ Swami Ramananda Teertha led this procession
Telangana should be a separate State and and advised the Nizam government to appreciate
should not be merged with Andhra under any the righteous demands of the people and
circumstances abandon his policy of vacillation and take the
33. Correct Answer: Option (4) decision of joining the Indian Union.
▪ The three parameters suggested by Dr. B.R. 36. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Ambedkar for the formation of small and big ▪ Sri. K.M. Munshi was appointed as the Agent
states are: General to supervise the Agreement of 1947 in
▪ Territory: The state should be of a manageable respect to Hyderabad State. He took this
size. A large state would be difficult to responsibility to obey the directions of the
administer and could lead to problems of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel and
communication and coordination. others.
▪ Financial self-sufficiency: The state should be ▪ His main task was to look after the provisions of
financially self-sufficient. This would mean that the Standstill Agreement in a proper perspective.
it should have enough resources to meet its He wanted to find out a permanent solution to
own needs without having to rely on the central the Hyderabad State by March, 1948.
government. 37. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ Population: population is also one of the ▪ Recommendations of SRC (Fazal Ali
parameters considered for the formation of Commission):
small and big states in India ▪ The commission suggested the abolition of the
34. Correct Answer: Option (2) four-fold classification of states and territories
Razakars: under the original Constitution and the creation
▪ Ittehadul Muslimeen was formed in 1927. of 16 states and 3 centrally administered
▪ The idea of forming an association with the territories.
name of Razakar under the Chairmanship of
▪ It also recommended the merger of Kannada • The Government of India appointed a
speaking areas of Hyderabad State with Mysore Committee under the Chairmanship of
and the Marathi speaking areas with Bombay. Kailasnath Wanchoo, Chief Justice of
▪ Recommended separate Telangana State which Rajasthan High Court.
consisted of ten Districts. In this report, Bidar • The Committee was to study the problems of
district of Karnataka was in Telangana, as the the Capital and Economic conditions of the
majority were Telugu speaking people. Andhra State in view of the division.
▪ The Commission also recommended that, if ▪ Jawahar Lal, Vallabh Bhai & Pattabhi (JVP)
necessary, after 1962 Assembly elections of Committee (1949)
Telangana, Vishalandhra can be formed, if the • During 55th National Congress Meeting
2/3rd of members of Telangana Assembly where a committee was appointed with
accepted. Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and
▪ But does not recommend Hyderabad as Union Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
Territory • This Committee popularly known as JVP
38. Correct Answer: Option (2) Committee; the Committee stated that the
▪ A few days before signing on the Gentlemen's Andhra State should be formed without
Agreement in February, 1956, Burgula wrote a including Madras though there was no need
letter to the President of Congress, U.N. for the formation of new States in the
Debhar. Country.
▪ In that letter, he mentioned as follows: "In his ▪ S.K. Dhar Committee (1948)
tour throughout Telangana, he found out the • GoI appointed Dhar Commission on 17th
agitation for a separate State was very intense June, 1948 to study the viability of the
not only in the cities and towns but also in the formation of linguistic States. The members
villages. on the Committee are NK Dhar, a retired
▪ There is no doubt that majority of Telangana Judge of Allahabad High Court, Dr. Pannalal
people want a separate State and it will not and Jagath Narayana.
cause any harm to anybody. • The Commission mentioned that the
▪ The supporters of Vishalandhra and others are formation of Linguistic States was not
taking it as an emotional issue and may feel a desirable in the existing circumstances.
bit. 41. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ But there will not be any further disturbance or Day Name of the Bathukamma
agitation. Day 1 Engilipoola Bathukamma
▪ On the contrary if Telangana is forcefully Day2 Atukula Bathukamma
merged with Andhra, it would anger the
Day 3 Muddapappu Bathukamma
Telangana people and will not benefit the
Day 4 Nanabiyyam Bathukamma
Andhras."
Day5 Atukula Bathukamma
Day6 Aligina Bathukamma
Shadnagar
Day7 Vepakayala Bathukamma
▪ The Government of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
was formed on 6th March, 1952. Day8 Vennamuddhala Bathukamma
▪ Ramakrishna Rao had previously worked as Day9 Saddula Bathukamma
Revenue Minister in the Government of Vellodi. 42. Correct Answer: Option (4)
▪ He was elected then from Shadnagar Assembly ▪ The word ‘Chindu’ means to leap, and therefore
Constituency in Mahabubnagar District the performance peppered with leaps and
40. Correct Answer: Option (3) jumps.
▪ State Reorganisation Commission or Fazal Ali ▪ It gained the name of Chindu Yakshaganam, the
commission (1953-1955) opposite name for Chindu Bhagavatam.
• It was constituted by the Central ▪ The dance form dates to the second century B.C.
Government of India in December 1953 to and has started by enacting brave acts like war,
recommend the reorganization of state hunting
boundaries.
• The Commission, comprising Justice Fazal
Ali, K.M. Panikkar and H.N. Kunzru
submitted its report.
▪ Wanchoo Committee (1953)

• Amin (Inspector) for every Taluk
• Jamedar for every Thana.
• Dafedar for every Chouki (Police station)
▪ Police officers paid salaries by government and
are kept under the control of District Talukdar.
▪ Promotion as per the performance.
Protected Regions District
1. Amrabad Tiger Reserve Nagarkurnool
2. Kawal Tiger Reserve Mancherial
3. Manjira Wild Life Sangareddy
43. Correct Answer: Option (1) Sanctuary
Warangal Carpets (Tivachi): 4. Pakhal Wild Life Warangal
▪ Locally, Carpets are known as “Jamkanas”. Sanctuary
▪ Warangal Carpets are also known as Durries. 5. Eturunagaram Mulugu
▪ Kothavada of Warangal district in Telangana is 48. Correct Answer: Option (2)
popular for Carpets. ▪ The Banjaras of Telangana celebrate Sri Sri Sri
▪ Italy traveller Marcopolo visited Kakatiya Kingdom Sevalal Maharaj Jayanthi on 15th February.
and mentioned about carpets in his book. Features: Sevalal tried all his life to enlighten the
Siddipet Sarees: Banjaras and make them stop drinking alcohol
▪ Siddipet is well known for Siddipet Gollabhama and give up all the vices.
sarees. ▪ The Lambadi devotees of Kothapally and
▪ The saree received Geographical indication (GI) Adilabad districts used to take Sevalal Deeksha in
status in 2011. the village temple much before Sevalal Jayanti
▪ Telangana weaver who weaved a saree which fits and travel barefoot to Pohragad by the jayanti to
in a matchbox is Parandamulu. Narayanpet redeem their Deeksha there.
Sarees: ▪ Banjaras and Lambadis celebrate Theej to start
▪ These sarees have golden border. They have 100 their agricultural activities, majorly done by
years of History. unmarried girls.
44. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ They put some seeds in the soil arranged in
1. Official TV Channel - DD Yadagiri baskets, worship those baskets for nine days
2. State Festival of - Bonalu through songs and dances and leave them in
Telangana water on the last day.
3. State Sport - Kabaddi ▪ Seethala Bhavani Uthsavam is celebrated on a
4. State Animal - Spotted Deer day convenient to the villagers in the first week
5. State Bird - Palapitta of August.
45. Correct Answer: Option (2) ▪ Goats, fowls and sheep are sacrificed to the deity
▪ Several medium and major irrigation projects Seethala Bhavani in the form of a stone image is
were built by Public Works Department. worshipped by the Lambadis.
▪ In 1904, the Ghanpur anicut was the first 49. Correct Answer: Option (3)
irrigation project constructed across Manjira ▪ Bonalu is a Hindu Festival where Goddess
River Mahakali is worshipped. It is an annual festival
▪ In 1923, Nizamsagar dam was constructed. celebrated in the twin Cities Hyderabad and
▪ In 1928 Wyara and Palair projects in the Secunderabad and other parts of Telangana.
Warangal district were completed ▪ The festival is considered as a form of thanks
46. Correct Answer: Option (2) giving to the Goddess after the fulfilment of
Police Reforms by Salar Jung: vows.
▪ The law and order were separated from ▪ Bonam literally means Meal in Telugu, which is
Revenue department and a separate Police an offering to the Mother Goddess.
Department called Mahakma-i-Kotwali was ▪ Women folk in household prepare rice that is
established with Sadr-ul mehatameeh kotwal as cooked along with Milk, Jaggery in a New Earthen
head of the police department. or Brass Pot, which is adorned with Neem Leaves,
▪ A Police force called Nizamath was created. Turmeric and Vermilion.
• Mahtameen (Superindent of Police) for 50. Correct Answer: Option (3)
every district Place Famous as

1. Mallela Teertham Ooty of Nallamala ▪ The creative people from the subcastes used to
2. Araku vally of Devaracherla propagate the history and biography of caste and
Telangana certain patriarchs of the dominant caste in
3. Anantagiri Hills Ooty of Telangana villages.
• These dominant castes also used to have
4. Niagara of Bogatha Water falls their 'mutts' (bureau) to facilitate various
Telangana services.
5. Vedic study centre Manthani • The creative scholars of these subcastes
6. Land of Temples Alampur known as "Gurus" used to eulogise the
51. Correct Answer: Option (4) distinct features of the caste.
Geographical Differentials of Telangana: ▪ There were also certain art forms, used in the
▪ The Telangana region geographically propagation. For example, Dakkali Jamba
constitutes the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Puranam, Nulaka Chandaiah Puranam, Beeranna
plain area, rivers - rivulets and forest area. Kathalu.
▪ This region is a well-known as a semi-arid region 53. Correct Answer: Option (4)
and an ideal place to settle down. ▪ The structure of the economic system in the
▪ Telangana may be the only region where the erstwhile Hyderabad state had the features of
western and Eastern Ghats simultaneously tradition and modernity. This combination
exist. unveils a complex picture.
▪ The Sahyadri ranges of Western Ghats are ▪ More than 70 percent of the population of
expanded in the north western direction in Telangana depend on agriculture for their living.
Adilabad district. About 70 percent of revenue in the princely state
▪ Eastern Ghats are emerged in Khammam was obtained from land cess.
district and popularly known as Papikondalu. ▪ But, the system of land holdings in Telangana had
▪ On the western side of the Eastern Ghats, a complex nature.
parts of Deccan plateau are found. ▪ Lands were primarily categorized as Khalsa lands
• This plain area formed 700 meters above (diwani lands) and non-Khalsa lands.
the sea level and expanded into ▪ Nizam used to have direct control over Khalsa
Hyderabad, Warangal and Khammam lands.
district areas. • Again, these lands were sub categorized into
▪ The principal rivers of Krishna and Godavari pattadar lands, pot-pattadar lands,
and their rivulets rapidly flow in these plain Skimmidar lands and Asami Skimmidar lands.
areas. • The revenue from these lands was directly
▪ Gondwana rocks, dolamite and coal mines are paid to the officials of Nizam.
the distinct mineral formations of Telangana. • The remaining Khalsa lands were Ijira lands,
▪ The Telangana region also have rich coal mines Panmuktha lands, Tahud lands and so on
that provide quality coal from mines situated which were in the hands of Deshmukhs in the
in Adilabad, Singareni, Kothagudem and other villages.
places. • The power of collecting land cess from this
▪ The iron ore deposits are situated in type of Khalsa lands was with the patels and
Khammam, Warangal and Nizambad. patwaris in villages.
▪ Like this, the natural resources available in ▪ In non-Khalsa land, different types of lands such
Telangana make the region more prosperous. as surf-i-khas lands, peshkush lands, watandar
52. Correct Answer: Option (1) lands, Jagirdar lands and Inam lands were in
Diverse Social Conditions: vogue.
▪ The varna system (fourfold division of Hindu • These land tenures were placed in certain
society) and caste system are prevalent in families on the principle of inheritance.
Telangana, certain diverse social conditions are 54. Correct Answer: Option (2)
also found. Integration of Hyderabad into Indian Union:
▪ According to a noted scholar and distinguished ▪ The Indian Independence Act of 1947 gave
linguist, Professor Jayadheer Tirumala Rao, princely states an option to accede to the newly
subcaste system is predominant in Telangana born dominions India or Pakistan or continue as
region. an independent sovereign state.
▪ Certain subcastes used to serve as subordinate ▪ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (India’s first deputy
castes for every dominant caste. prime minister and the home minister) with the

assistance of V.P menon (the secretary of the ▪ There are also Balaghat ranges in Hyderabad and
Ministry of the States) was given the formidable Mahaboobnagar district. On the eastern side of
task of integrating the princely states. Balaghat, the Golconda fort was built on the hill
▪ The princely state of Hyderabad, though and the capital city of Hyderabad has been
geographically a part of India, was under the extended around this Golconda fort.
regime of Asaf Jahi rulers. 56. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ It joined the Indian Union on September 17, Yedupayala Jatara:
1948, more than a year after India attained ▪ This temple was Built-in 12th Century.
Independence from the British, following a ▪ This Jatara is held near Nagasanipalli village of
“police action”, code-named as Operation Polo. Papannapet mandal in Medak district every year
▪ Operation Polo by the Indian military forces on on Shivarathri day.
then adamant ruler Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th ▪ The temple is also famous for Jatara (fair), a
Nizam, who refused to merge his mighty three-day grand affair celebrated during
Hyderabad state into Indian dominion. Shivaratri in the month of February.
▪ A senior civil servant and as a person who ▪ Edupayalu Vana Durga Bhavani temple is one of
closely monitored the integration of Hyderabad the most famous and powerful pilgrim
into Indian union, Shri V.P. Menon in his book, destinations in the region, dedicated to Goddess
"The story of the Integration of the Indian Kanakadurga.
States", had explained that the Hyderabad ▪ The location marks the confluences of seven
government after the accession to Indian rivulets into the Manjeera River and hence the
Union, strictly adhered to the implementation name Edupayala, which means Edu (seven) and
of the recommendations of A. D. Gorwala Payalu (streams).
committee and achieved surplus budget after Nagoba Jatara/Indravelli Jatara:
successfully resolving all economic problems. ▪ It is a tribal festival held in Keslapur village,
55. Correct Answer: Option (3) Inderavelly Mandal Adilabad district, Telangana,
Geographical location of Telangana: India.
▪ Telangana emerged as the 29th state of Indian ▪ It is the second biggest tribal carnival and
union on June 2, 2014. celebrated by Mesaram clan of Gond tribes for 10
▪ Presently, the Telangana state has 33 districts days.
and surrounded by Chattisgarh state on north ▪ Tribal people from Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh,
east, Maharashtra on North West, Karnataka on Orissa and Madhya Pradesh belonging to the
extreme west and Andhra Pradesh in east and Mesram clan offer prayers at the festival.
south east. ▪ It's Starts in pushya masam.
▪ The geographical area of Telangana consisting Inavolu Jatara:
of ▪ In Warangal district Jatara is held for Mylardeva
• Eastern - Western ghats and every year at Inavolu.
• Plain area. ▪ This temple has sculptures with architectural
▪ The Krishna River enters into erstwhile supremacy and attract many tourists.
Mahboobnagar district where the Eastern ghats ▪ The annual festival to Mylardeva is held for
are segregated as Nallamala and Yerramala atleast 20 days with pomp and gaiety as Jatara.
ranges. Koravi Jatara:
▪ Nallamala ranges are widely extended in ▪ This Jatara is held at Koravi for Sri Veera Bhadra
Mahaboobnagar district. The Nallamala ranges Swamy on every Shivarathri day.
also have dense forests with diverse flora and ▪ The village Koravi is in 10 kms radius to
fauna. Mahabubabad and the Jatara is held for 20
▪ The Papikondalu (a unique ranges and part of consecutive days.
Eastern Ghats) are extended up to Warangal 57. Correct Answer: Option (3)
and Khammam districts of the state with dense Sammakka Saralamma Jatara:
forests. ▪ It is also known as Medaram Jatara, is a vibrant
▪ Further, the hills and hillocks patterned from tribal festival celebrated in the state of
Ajanta ranges and penetrated into Adilabad as Telangana, India.
Western Ghats known as Sahyadri ranges are ▪ The Jatara honors the Hindu tribal goddesses,
known as Nirmal guttalu (Nirmal hills). Sammakka and Saralamma. It is renowned for
▪ Some of these ranges extended up to witnessing one of the largest human gatherings
Karimnagar (as Rakhi ranges) and Warangal- in the world.
Khammam district (Kandagul ranges).
▪ The festivities commence at Medaram, situated ▪ Diwan or Prime Minister was the head of the
in the Tadvai Mandal of Mulugu district. administration.
Medaram is a remote place within the ▪ Salarjung appointed youngsters as ministers and
Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary. established a board called "Majlis-e-malguzari"
▪ The rituals associated with the goddesses are to protect talukadar system of administration in
exclusively performed by the Koya Tribe priests, 1865.
following their customs. ▪ In 1868, he constituted "Sadar Ul Mahath" and
▪ Until 1955, primarily Koya tribe members appointed four ministers and allotted portfolios
visited Medaram, but now a diverse crowd of like Police, Law, Revenue to the first three
pilgrims (approximately 1.3 crore) converges Ministers.
there. ▪ The 4th minister was given portfolio of social
welfare, education, health and local bodies.
▪ These Ministers worked under the central
Government guidelines.
▪ The Prime Minister Salarjung appointed Sayyad
Hussain Bilgrami as his personal secretary, who
also worked as the Principal Secretary to the
Government from 1876 to 1883 i.e., till the last
breath (death) of Salarjung.
Civil List of Employees 1886:
▪ Following the orders issued by Nizam, Salarjung-
II released the civil list of employees in 1886.
▪ Mulkis constituted 52% of the total employees.
58. Correct Answer: Option (1) The amount spent on these employees by the
Adrak-ke-Panje: government was only 42%. Non-mulkis
▪ This is a famous Urdu comedy drama made by a constituted 48% of the total employees. But the
popular Urdu dramatist Babbhan Khan. amount spent on them was 58%.
▪ This comedy drama was performed for more ▪ As per the above report, the non-Mulkis not only
than 10 thousand times for about 5 decades obtained 50% of the jobs, they were claiming
and established a world record. more salaries than Mulkis.
▪ In Telugu 'Adrak' means ginger. ▪ Mulkis were frustrated and intensified their
▪ The theme of the drama is family planning. agitation.
▪ It depicts the uncomfortable living of a poor ▪ Nizam government took measures to control this
employees with a huge family in a comedy agitation.
tonic. ▪ Nizam ruler Mehaboob Ali Khan included the
▪ This drama is very less expensive without any following instructions in the Gazette of 1888.
heavy settings and became very popular.
• The word mulki was used for the first time in
▪ This drama has also attained a place in Guinness
Gazette.
Book of World Records.
• Those who settled in Nizam rule at least 12
▪ This drama is entirely a comedy drama and tries
years were identified as mulkis.
to relieve the pains of family problems for a
• All jobs in the state should be given to Mulkis
while.
according to their qualifications.
• If Non-Mulkis were to be given jobs, they had
Administrative Reforms of salarjung:
to obtain special permission from the Prime
▪ Salarjung divided the State of Nizam into 5
Minister.
Subhas, and 17 Districts.
▪ These districts were divided into Talukas and
Osman Ali Khan Farmana-1919:
each Taluk had governing officers Viz., a
▪ In the regime of Seventh Nizam Osman Ali Khan
Subedar to each Subha, Avval Talkadars
issued a Farmana-1919 for the protection of
(Collector) to district and Tahasildar to Taluka.
mulkies.
▪ He built special offices to them and appointed
sufficient staff. • It was called mulki rules.
▪ Mulki Rules:
▪ The number of employees in a district was
limited. • Only mulkis should be appointed in the
Government Jobs.

• Those who were born in Nizam state were Chandra Naik and Noushir Chenoy also took an
treated as mulkis only. They were eligible active part in all the activities of Nizam subject
for jobs. league.
• Even those who lived in Hyderabad place ▪ This Association fought for the following
continuously for 15 years and were problems with the slogan of "Hyderabad for
unwilling to leave the place were also Hyderabadis".
treated as mulkies. • Being obedient to the Nizam ruler and fight
• The children of those who did their jobs for for the rights for Mulkis.
15 years in Hyderabad State were also • Contributing for the development by
treated as mulkis. honouring the culture and traditions.
• A wife of a Mulki is also a Mulki. • Fighting for the protection of local language,
• If they had to be identified as mulki they • Seeking the unity of the people of all
have to get a declaration certificate from communities and working towards the
higher officer of Collector cadre. upliftment of the down trodden.
▪ Based on this Farmana, the Non-Mulki jobs 64. Correct Answer: Option (3)
were treated as temporary jobs. Simultaneously Police Action - Operation Polo on Hyderabad:
all Government jobs were filled up on the basis ▪ The Indian troops began its operation on
of a written examination. Justice was done to Hyderabad on September 13, 1948.
Mulkis even in promotions ▪ This was termed as Police Action by C. Raj Gopal
62. Correct Answer: Option (1) Chary, whereas in military terminology, its code
Reforms of Salarjung: was "Operation Polo."
▪ Currency Reforms: ▪ The troops invaded Hyderabad from all points of
• Salarjung took steps to control mints. the compass. The troops moved ahead
• he established government mints in victoriously without much protest.
Hyderabad, a central treasury in Hyderabad ▪ Within five days, the Nizam's forces surrendered
and local treasuries in districts in 1885. themselves to the Indian troops.
• Before 1858 the Nizam coins had the name ▪ On September 17, the Nizam surrendered. India,
of Mughal emperor. then, incorporated the State of Hyderabad into
• Salarjung removed Mughal's name and the Indian Union and thus the rule of Nizam
printed name of the Nizam Nawab on coins. ended.
• He also printed "New Halisikka" coins. With ▪ As General El Edroos of Hyderabad surrendered
these reforms, Nizams financial conditions Hyderabad State Forces to Major General of
had improved. India, Jayanth Nath Chaudhari, the Indian troops
▪ He abolished social evil "Sathi Sahagamanam" entered the city of Hyderabad to receive the
in the Hyderabad Society. warm welcome of the people of the city.
▪ He started industrial exhibition in Chadarghat. 65. Correct Answer: Option (2)
It has been continuing till date. Revenue Reforms of Salarjung:
▪ He built a telegraph line between Hyderabad ▪ Revenue reforms were very important reforms
and Bombay. during Salar Jung as the Revenue played an
▪ He established postal department in the year important role in increasing states' income.
1862 and improved information and public ▪ He reconstituted revenue system in 1864-65.
relations among people living in different ▪ He made a new revenue policy called "Jila Bandi
places. Policy".
63. Correct Answer: Option (3) • According to this policy, Salarjung divided
Nizam Peoples Association 1935: the Nizam state into 17 revenue districts and
▪ The success of the Mulki movement led to the each district into 5 regional councils.
establishment of an association named "Nizam ▪ Regional Revenue Zones
People's Association" in 1935. • Northem Region: Nizamabad, Karimnagar
▪ It was termed as "The Nizam Subject League". areas
▪ Nawab Nizamath Zung and Bhurgula Rama • Southern Region: Gulbarga, Sholapur,
Krishna Rao were appointed the president and Rayachur areas
General Secretary. • Western Region: Beedar, Nanded areas
▪ Besides them Kashinatha Rao Vaidya, Madapati • Eastern Region: Warangal, Nalgonda,
Hanumantha Rao, Janardhan Rao, Mandumula Khammam areas
Narsinga Rao, Lathif Sayeed, Sayeed Ali, Rama

• North west Region: Aurangabad and ▪ Dr. Lathif sayeed and Ramachandra Nayak were
neighbourhood areas. its vice presidents.
▪ Each region is governed by a subedar who was ▪ Syed Abid Hassan, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao and
responsible for the collection of land taxes in Srinivas Sarma were its secretaries.
the district. ▪ Barister Naushir Chinoy was elected as its
▪ In 1864, a Revenue Board was setup for taxation treasurer.
of agriculture, industries, export, import, stamp ▪ Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Majlis, people's
duty, roads. organizations and Congress joined in the League.
▪ In 1868 separate Revenue ministry setup which ▪ Ideology and Aims of the League:
had replaced the earlier Revenue Board • Development of fraternity and co-operation
▪ Introduced new Ryotwari system and directly among the different castes, sects of Nizam
linked farmers to states by removing the state.
intermediaries who exploited farmers. • Searching for the possibilities, opportunities
▪ The success of Salar Jung’s revenue policy was for the achievement of League's aims.
evident that the total tax revenue collected • Protection of Mulki rights and explaining
increased between 1853 and 1880 by nearly their duties.
three and half times. • To make efforts to form Asaf Jahi Family
66. Correct Answer: Option (2) Rule, which shall be responsible to the
▪ Lands were primarily categorized as khalsa legislature.
lands (diwani lands) and non-Khalsa lands. • Protection of Hyderabad state monarchy
▪ Nizam used to have direct control over khalsa rights.
lands. 68. Correct Answer: Option (2)
• Again, these lands were sub categorized The Governments of General J.N. Chaudhuri and
into pattadar lands, pot-pattadar lands, M.K. venous:
Skimmidar lands and Asami Skimmidar ▪ After the surrender of the Nizam of Hyderabad,
lands. Major General J.N. Chaudhuri was appointed as
• The revenue from these lands was directly the military ruler to streamline the
paid to the officials of Nizam. administration of the Hyderabad State.
• The remaining Khalsa lands were Ijira lands, ▪ On September 19, 1948, many employees, who
Panmuktha lands, Tahud lands and so on were recruited in advance, joined the service of
which were in the hands of Deshmukhs in the Civil government.
the villages. ▪ the military government was reconstituted In
• The power of collecting land cess from this October, 1948.
type of Khalsa lands was with the patels and ▪ The local leaders of the Hyderabad State
patwaris in villages. Congress who did not have a berth in the
▪ In non-Khalsa land, different types of lands such government, headed by Jayanthanath Choudury,
as surf-i-khas lands, peshkush lands, watandar demanded a people's government in the
lands, Jagirdar lands and Inam lands were in Hyderabad State.
vogue. ▪ As a result, the Government of India appointed
• These land tenures were placed in certain M.K. Vellodi, who was the Secretary to the State
families on the principle of inheritance. Affairs, in the place of J.N. Chaudhuri in
67. Correct Answer: Option (3) November 24, 1949.
Nizam's Subjects' League: ▪ The appointment as per the Order of the
▪ All jobs in Nizam state whether, small or big Government of India would be effective from
were grabbed by the non-locals (non-Mulkis) December 1, 1949.
and getting a job by a local (Mulki) became ▪ On the lines of this Order, the Nizam appointed
difficult. M.K. Vellodi as the Chief Minister of the State of
▪ To overcome this situation in 1935 formed Hyderabad.
Nizam's Subjects' League (which was called as ▪ Thus, the military rule also ended in the
Jamiyath Rimayaye Nizam in Urdu). Hyderabad State, as a people's government was
▪ Nawab Sir Nizamath Jung was elected as its formed.
President. 69. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ He also held the posts of Judge of High Court ▪ Cheriyal scroll paintings:
and that of Political Affairs Minister in Nizam • These paintings are drawn on clothes
cabinet. narrating the sceneries of folklore.

• These are drawn at Cheriyal (Siddipet) and ✓ This tribe invoke the Goddess on hills and
surrounding areas of Warangal district and worship.
are famous in the country as an artistic ✓ A different set of people known as Vijju
product of Telangana. (magicians) are believed to be among the
• The artists or the craftsmen of Cheriyal are members of Konda reddy tribe.
known as 'Nakashis'. • Koyas:
• These paintings are also known as Theme ✓ This tribe lives in Warangal, Khammam and
paintings. some parts of Nalgonda district and West
• The subject matter of the paintings is and East Godavari districts of Andhra
related to the folklore stories and Pradesh.
mythological stories. ✓ Koyas worship the sun and the moon. They
▪ Silver Filigree: are also known as konda Doras (Lords of
• This is a precious art form undertaken by hills).
handicraftsmen in Karimnagar district. • Chenchus:
• With a thin silver and gold lining, many ✓ The Chenchu community enjoys perfect
items are prepared. equality in the family structure between
• With filigree designs, the pandan stand husband and wife.
(beetel leaft stuffed material for chewing) ✓ Chenchus gather food like the tubers,
items, attardanas (incense fragrance roots, fruits and honey from the forest
struob), Huccas (smoking instruments), besides undertaking agriculture.
plates, earrings, keychains, money purses ✓ Chenchus worship the Goddess "Garala
and so on are made. Mysamma" and make offerings as
▪ Asia Rhumal (Theliya Rhumal): community offering.
• These are made in Pochampalli and its 71. Correct Answer: Option (2)
surrounding areas in Nalgonda district. ▪ The military goveqment that was newly
• These are made with a complex weaving established took stringent measures to bring
form called Ikkat. back law and order in Telangana area of
• There are so many linear measures, erstwhile Hyderabad princely state.
pictures and margins engrossed upon ▪ The government had adopted the Suppression of
pieces of cloth. Disturbances Act, popularly known as Disturbed
70. Correct Answer: Option (3) Areas Act passed by the Madras state Assembly.
▪ Tribal Communities in Telangana: ▪ Consequently, the Communists had come out of
• Nayakpods: their violent strategies and expressed willingness
✓ Nayakpods use conventional methods of to participate in parliamentary politics.
cultivation as they still use wooden ▪ Much before these developments, the seventh
spades for ploughing and digging in the Nizam issued a conclusive Farman (order) on 23
process of undertaking podu cultivation. November, 1949 and accepted the constitution
✓ With the strict implementation of forest framed by the constituent Assembly of India.
conservation acts and rules, Nayakpods 72. Correct Answer: Option (2)
migrated to plain areas as tenant farmers ▪ Bhonam means Bhojanam or a complete meal.
and labourers. ▪ People celebrate this festival for expressing
gratitude to the native goddess for protecting
• Pardhans:
people in general and children and women in
✓ Pardhans make musical narrations of
particular and realizing a promising harvest from
brave stories of Gond leaders, render
agriculture.
familial informations and undertake
▪ In Bonala Panduga, the rhythmic dance steps of
agriculture.
Pothu Raju and Drum beats are always a special
✓ Generally, this community protects and
attraction.
preserves the customs and traditions of
▪ The age-old priests of Baindla Community and
Gond community.
their traditions are reflected in the appearance of
• Konda Reddies:
PothuRaju.
✓ The main occupations of Konda reddy
▪ PothuRaju is considered to be the male sibling of
community are agriculture, (Podu
the village Goddesses.
cultivation), food gathering and cattle
▪ ln the Bonalu procession, women, children,
rearing. Konda reddy tribe never uses a
unmarried young girls, newlywed ladies, small
plough for cultivation.
children and elders actively participate.
▪ In the capital city of Hyderabad, in the month of • Maharaia Kishan Parshad extended his
Ashadam (a Telugu almanac month which whole hearted supported to mulkis. In one of
roughly falls in July) Bonalu celebrations are the occasions, he was ready for a verbal fight
held on every Sunday in all parts. with Casson Walker.
▪ The performance of worshipping starts with 75. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Golconda fort (First Sunday) and later at Lal ▪ After the surrender of the Nizam, Major General
Darwaja at old city and Secunderabad Ujjaini J.N. Chaudhuri was appointed as the military
Mahankali Temple. ruler to streamline the administration of the
73. Correct Answer: Option (3) Hyderabad State.
▪ Salarjung Reforms: Different phases Salrjung ▪ On September 19, 1948, many employees, who
who made a number of reforms for three were recruited in advance, joined the service of
decades, classified them into three phases. the civil government.
They are: ▪ The Nizam remained only as a nominal head of
▪ 1857-1864-the first phase of reforms; the Government.
• During this period, reforms were slow. He ▪ ln October, 1948, the military government was
tried to endear himself to the British rulers reconstituted' Four more officials were
first and then to have a firm grip over the appointed to aid and advise the military ruler in
entire administrative system. discharging his duties and look after the affairs of
▪ 1864-1880-the second phase of reforms; various departments.
• During this period, the reforms were ▪ The Military and Police were under the military
implemented swiftly and meticulously. administrator directly.
▪ 1880- 1883 - the third phase of reforms; ▪ D.S.Bhakhale (The Civil Administrator) held
• During this period, with the active support Political Affairs, Home and Railway.
and co-operation of sixth Nizam Mir ▪ Nawab yar Jang and Rajadondi Raj held many
Mahabub Ali Khan and the Britishers, all the other affairs of the Civil Government such as
reforms were carried out. Finance, Revenue, Industries, Labour, Education,
▪ The reforms made by Salarjung may be Customs, etc.
described as follows: 76. Correct Answer: Option (4)
• Administrative Reforms ▪ Burgula Rama Krishna Rao Ministry:
• Economic Reforms • As a Chief Minister who assumed office
• Revenue Reforms through popular vote, Shri Krishna Rao took
• Law Reforms every care to provide representation to all
• Educational Reforms sections in his ministry.
• Police Reforms • The cabinet was filled with stalwarts like
• Currency Reforms ✓ Digambar Rao Bindu (Home),
• Transport Reforms ✓ K.V. Ranga Reddy (Excise and Forests),
▪ He did not work for the establishment of ✓ Vinayak Rao Vidyalankar (Commerce and
responsible government. industries),
74. Correct Answer: Option (1) ✓ G.S. Melkote (Finance and Statistics),
▪ Maha Raja Kishan Parshad: ✓ Mehdi Nawaz Jung (Public Health -Public
• Mahaboob Alikhan, the then ruler, in 1901, works),
appointed Maharaja Kishan parshad as the ✓ Marri Chenna Reddy (Agriculture&
prime Minister following the agitation of Planning),
Mulkis and their discontent. ✓ Anna Rao Jnanamukhi (Rural
Reconstruction & Education)
• He was in favour of Mulkies and controlled
✓ Shanker Dev (Social welfare).
the domination of Non-Mulkis.
• An English man, Casson Walker was
▪ The Mulki Movement, 1952:
appointed as finance secretary with the co-
• The word “Mulki” refers to the local people
operation of Britishers.
of the Hyderabad State.
✓ He also worked as finance minister later.
• In 1919, the Nizam issued a decree stating
• Cason Walker stood by the side of non-
that only Mulkis, i.e., people born in
mulkis and appointed them in high
Hyderabad State or those who had lived
positions and neglected Mulkis. On some
there for at least 15 years, were eligible for
occasions, locals were removed from
public appointments in the State.
services.

• The fear of the people of Telangana • Ramulu - 18 years old-private employee,
regarding the socio-economic exploitation • Shaik Muktar - 40 years old-private
by the Andhras led to the Mulki and non- employee
Mulki agitation in 1952. 79. Correct Answer: Option (4)
• It also gave rise to the slogan “Hyderabad ▪ Report of Jaganmohan Reddy Committee:
for Hyderabadis”. • The state government appointed a
• This was mainly directed against the committee under the chairmanship of Justice
infiltration of the Andhra’s into the Pingali Jaganmohan Reddy to investigate the
administration of Hyderabad in the wake of police firing on people during the Mulki
a merger of Andhra and Telangana regions. agitation on 3rd and 4th September 1952 in
• After ending the rule of the Nizam, the Hyderabad.
military government of General Choudary • This committee conducted a thorough
and the Civil government of Vellodi, I.C.S, investigation, visiting the High Court, City
continued to appoint the non-mulkis or non College, Pattarghat, and Afzalgunz areas.
locals in various positions. ▪ Investigation Process:
• The non-mulkis went to the extent of • The investigation was carried out in the
producing duplicate certificates as Mulkis. presence of the public.
• This greatly disappointed the local people, • The committee collected opinions from
especially the students, who felt insecure in about 100 witnesses on the spot.
the State. • Key figures such as Chief Minister Burgula
• Consequently, they formed a Joint Action Rama Krishna Rao, IGP Mohanappa,
Committee and thousands of students Commissioner of Police Shivakumarlal, DCP
participated in the rally organised by the Sunder Pillai, Brigadier Subbaiah, City College
J.A.C. in July, 1952. Principal Ramlal, the Collector of Hyderabad,
• Later on, 27th, August, 1952, the JAC of the and other government officials were also
Warangal students organised a grand rally questioned.
and a letter was sent to the Chief Minister. ▪ Report Submission:
• On 30th August, 1952 about 200 students of • The committee submitted its comprehensive
Hanumakonda boycotted the classes and report to the government on 28th December
took out a rally. 1952.
▪ City College incident: The police went for firing ▪ Justice Fazal Ali Committee on State
indiscriminately in the areas of City College and Reorganization:
Pattarghat on 3rd September 1952. • The committee, chaired by Justice Fazal Ali
▪ Two persons died and 147 were injured with members Sardar K.M. Panikkar and
seriously. Further, on 4th September, the police Pandit Hridayanath Kunjru, was tasked with
firing took place on the Mulki agitators, four the reorganization of states in India.
members died and 104 injured. • The committee's mandate was to approach
▪ An important point to be noted is that the reorganization impartially, considering
people who were killed in the firing of police historical contexts, current situations, and
were not students. the welfare of the community and the
▪ Large number of common people participated country.
in the movement under the leadership of the ▪ Committee's Activities:
students. • The committee toured the country and
▪ However, the foundation for the future of the received 150,000 appeals.
Telangana students was the sacrifice of the • It also secured 10,000 statements from
martyrs like: prominent figures in various fields.
• Muhammad Kasim - 22 years old-factory • The committee submitted a 252-page report
worker, to the central government in September
• Shaik Mahaboob - 30 years old-rickshaw 1955.
puller, ▪ Recommendations and Outcome:
• Jamaluddin - 40 years old-private • The report recommended dividing the
employee, country into 14 states and 6 union territories.
• Muhammad Khan - 35 years old-private
employee,

• With a few omissions, the Indian formation of a united Vishalandhra, advocating
government accepted the committee's for a separate Telangana.
recommendations. ▪ Commission's Recommendations:
• As a result, the reorganization of states was • Submitted its report to the government on
implemented on November 1, 1956. September 30, 1955.
81. Correct Answer: Option (3) • Recommended incorporating Kannada-
▪ State Reorganization Committee's Visit to speaking areas with Mysore state and
Hyderabad: Marathi-speaking districts with Bombay
• The State Reorganization Committee, state.
chaired by Justice Fazal Ali, visited • Did not recommend immediate formation of
Hyderabad in 1954. Vishalandhra but suggested incorporating
• During their visit, they listened to the Bidar district and Munagala paragana as a
opinions of the state's residents and separate state named Hyderabad
accepted numerous submissions and temporarily.
petitions. • Proposed that after the general elections of
• The commission submitted its report on 1961, if a 2/3 majority of the Assembly of
30th September 1955. Andhra and Telangana areas agreed, both
• It is crucial to closely examine the regions could be united as Vishalandhra.
committee's recommendations concerning ▪ Reactions and Opinions:
the creation of a separate Telangana and • Thenneti Viswanadham remarked that the
Vishalandhra. Commission's agreement supported
▪ Key Points: Vishalandhra, but the decree favored
• Visit and Engagement: The committee Telangana.
engaged with the people of Hyderabad in ▪ K.V. Ranga Reddy, in New Delhi on October 22,
1954, gathering opinions and receiving 1955, argued that Telangana would thrive as an
various petitions. autonomous region
• Report Submission: The committee 83. Correct Answer: Option (1)
submitted its detailed report on 30th ▪ It is also known by the name Linguistic Provinces
September 1955. Commission.
• Focus Areas: The report included ▪ It was constituted in 1948.
recommendations on the creation of a ▪ It was formed mainly to investigate the feasibility
separate Telangana and the formation of of states based on the language.
Vishalandhra. ▪ In 1946 Dr. Rajendra Prasad the President of
82. Correct Answer: Option (1) India established an assembly to appoint the
▪ Formation of New States and the State Linguistic Provinces Commission that was
Reorganization Commission: maintained by the chief chairman S. K. Dhar.
• After the formation of Andhra state, the ▪ S.K. Dhar which submitted its report by the end
government recognized the need to study of 1948.
local problems for forming new states in ▪ The Dhar commission reported against the
South India and appointed the State States' reorganization in the immediate future.
Reorganization Commission on December ▪ The Dhar commission report discouraged the
22, 1953. supporters of geographical linguistic
• Justice Sayyed Fazal Ali was appointed as reorganization in the report.
the Chairman, with Hridaynath Kunzru and 84. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Kavalam Madhava Panikkar as members. J V P Committee:
▪ Commission Activities: ▪ It was also known by the name three Ministers
• The Commission visited various places in Committee.
India, including Hyderabad in June and July ▪ It is because of the involvement of three leaders
of 1954, to hear views from different Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel
organizations, individuals, and leaders. and also Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
• They received memorandums expressing ▪ It was formed in 1949.
both support and opposition to ▪ It was mainly aimed at examining the Dhar
Vishalandhra. Commission.
▪ Prominent figures like Konda Venkata Ranga ▪ It also aims to make recommendations to the
Reddy and Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy opposed the government about Linguistic provinces.

▪ It even rejected the linguistic factor for the together and staged demonstrations under the
reorganization of the state. banners "students union zindabad," "non-mulki
▪ All lndia National Congress constituted J.V.P. go back - idly sambar go back," etc.
Committee to study the problem ▪ Students from all educational institutions of
recommended in 1949 that prior to the Hyderabad and Secunderabad participated and
formation different states Formation of Andhra made the strike success.
Pradesh on linguistic basis, the Andhra State ▪ The Government on 3rd September, 1952 gave a
should be separated from the Madras state. notice of banned orders in the name of law and
▪ It expressed that the Andhra should give up its order for peace and security.
rights in Madras state. ▪ The students disobeyed and shouted slogans
▪ The Telugu people were frustrated by the against the Government.
methods and means used by the Indian ▪ They made the Mulki Movement severe and at a
Congress Government in the formation of the stage they had burnt the car of Burgula Rama
Telugu State. Krishna Rao.
85. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ The police considered this as a serious matter
▪ On September 17, 1948, Nizam's forces, under and they went for firing indiscriminately in the
the command of El Edroos, were forced to areas of City College and Pattarghat on 3rd
surrender to Indian Army due to the police September 1952.
action taken by the Indian Union against the ▪ Two persons died and 147 were injured seriously.
princely state of Hyderabad. ▪ Further, on 4th September, the police firing took
▪ The term "Operation Polo" refers to this police place on the Mulki agitators, four members died
operation. and 104 injured.
▪ Afterwards, Maj or Gen J.N. Chaudhuri was ▪ An important point to be noted is that the
named the state of Hyderabad's military people who were killed in the firing of police
administrator. were not students.
▪ Major General Chaudhuri stayed on till ▪ Large number of common people participated in
December 1949, at which point MK Vellodi was the movement under the leadership of the
installed as the new administration. students.
▪ The chief minister was M.K. Vellodi, a 87. Correct Answer: Option (4)
distinguished civil service officer from India. ▪ Mulk means Country or Mother Land; Mulki
▪ As a token of respect, Nizam received the title means the person who lives on that land or the
of Raj Pramukh. Citizen; and, Gair-Mulki or Non-Mulki means a
▪ Following the adoption of the Indian person who has come from a different place.
Constitution on January 26, 1552, the first ▪ It means a non-local or non-native person.
general elections were held in March of that ▪ The Nizam Government laid some conditions to
year. be considered as a Mulki and documented those
▪ Following its victory in the elections, the Indian conditions clearly in a Firmaan in 1919.
National Congress led by Shri Burgula ▪ According to the formula released by seventh
Ramakrishna Rao established the government. Nizam Osman Ali khan 1919 and 1933.
▪ His cabinet consisted of nine members. ▪ He or she should have been born in Hyderabad.
86. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ Mulki is applicable to the citizens of Hyderabad.
▪ Beginning in Warangal, the Mulki movement ▪ If anyone lived in Hyderabad State for 15 years
quickly expanded throughout the state and had and became a permanent residence and
a significant impact on Hyderabad City. submitted an undertaking stating that he would
▪ The students planned a walkout in Hyderabad not leave Hyderabad was also treated as Mulki.
and on August 31, 1952, they staged a sizable ▪ If the parent of a newly born child was a Mulki,
demonstration against the students' the Mulki status was also applicable to the child.
unjustifiable lathi attack on August 30, 1952, ▪ In case of the death of a Non-Mulki husband of a
from Saifabad College to Abids. Mulki woman, she was treated as Mulki if she
▪ On September 2, 1952, Shivakumarlal, the migrated to Hyderabad.
Commissioner of Hyderabad City, issued a ▪ But her children were not treated as Mulkis.
directive requesting parents to watch over their 88. Correct Answer: Option (4)
children and make sure they don't engage in ▪ Jawaharlal Nehru said that, the slogan
violence or disregard the rules. 'Vishalandhra' itself include imperialistic attitude
▪ They will face harsh penalties if they do this. and did not accept the formation of Vishalandhra
Even then, the student body as a whole came for long period.
▪ On 8m and 9ft December I 95 5 Congress ▪ Mulki agitation started in between July-
Working Committee made a detailed discussion September of 1952 in Warangal which was
on Fazal Ali Commission report. witnessed by Dr Kothapalli Jayashankar, former
▪ Except the recommendations related to Vice-Chancellor of Kakatiya University, Guide and
Telangana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, other Philosopher for Telangana Movement for
recommendations of the Commission were Statehood as follows:
approved. • In August 1952 itself, the teachers of English
▪ To discuss Telangana, Punjab and Himachal and Telugu in the College where I did my
Pradesh issues, the Working Committee Intermediate (Warangal) were imported
constituted a sub-committee; the then from Andhra.
Congress Party president U.N. Dhebar, Pandit • All of them were supporting Vishalandhra.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Govinda Vallabh Panth, and • So on one occasion, they called Ayyadevara
Moulana Abul Kalam Azad were the other Kaleshwar Rao from Vijayawada to address a
members of the sub-committee. public meeting.
▪ Leaders belonging to Andhra and Telangana • But he spoke atrociously which made all of us
submitted their opinion to the subcommittee. revolted at that derogatory speech and the
▪ All Telangana leaders at the beginning opposed situation became chaotic.
the merger, but later some Telangana leaders • "The Mulki agitation was begun mostly by
like Chief Minister Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, students and NGOs.
Swamy Ramanada Teertha and his followers • The trigger for this was the Warangal
had taken a decision in favour of the merger. incident.
▪ One deputy Minister of Ramakrishna Rao • Thus Mulki agitation spread to the other
Cabinet and some other leaders of City Districts within two to three days.
Congress Committee supported the Chief • In 1952, except the Bhadrachalam division,
Minister. on 1st and 2nd August, 1952 there were
▪ But majority members of Telangana Congress protest marches in Khammam, in Madira on
Party, (district units of Congress Party), City 3rd, in Yellandu on 4th and at Mahabubabad;
Congress Party unit, all Ministers (except one the students participated in huge numbers in
deputy Minister) demanded that, Telangana the March with the slogan "Non-Mulki Go
should remain as a separate state. Back."
▪ For the first time, general elections were ▪ The progress achieved and efforts made by the
conducted in Hyderabad State on 6/3/1952 and Burgula Rama Krishna Rao government in various
a democratic Government was formed. sectors received wide appreciations from many
▪ Shri Burugula Rama Krishna Rao was elected quarters.
from Shadnagar constituency of state ▪ Important among the significant achievements
Legislative Assembly and became the Chief are as follows :
Minister of Hyderabad state. • Economic stability-implementation of
▪ Shri Burugula Government was in office from Gorwala committee recommendations
1952 to 1956 for four years and initiated many
• Abolition of Jagirdari system protection of
a reform in the administration.
rights of tenant farmers
▪ Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was born on March
• Land Reforms
13, 1899 in Padakallu village of Kalwakurthy
• Countering communists with an iron hand.
Taluq in Mahaboobnagar District.
• Resolution of Mulki rules dispute.
▪ During the year 1931, the second Annual
convention of Andhra Maha Sabha of Nizam • Creation of trust and confidence in matters
state held at Devarakonda under the of law and order.
chairmanship of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao. 92. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ Shri Rama Krishna Rao played an active role in ▪ Based on the recommendations of the union
Hyderabad state congress. government, the Hyderabad state cabinet
▪ Also he was arrested in Quit India movement in appointed a committee in 1950 under the
1942. chairmanship of a retired ICS (Indian Civil Service)
▪ He was also a minister for revenue and officer Shri A.D. Gorwala.
education during 1948. ▪ Shri A.D. Gorwala committee was mandated to
90. Correct Answer: Option (3) make suggestions for reorganization of
Mulki Agitation:
administrative system and economic system in • Act assured the right of the tenant to buy
the state. land from the land lord at price that is less
▪ The Gorwala committee had studied all aspects than the market price.
and submitted its report with many • Ordinary tenants were assured to their
constructive suggestions in October 1950. tenure for 10 years.
• On the lines of administration in Governor's • This Act also defined the concept of an
provinces, it suggested administrative 'economic holding '(it is type of holding that
reforms and economic reforms to sustain a cultivator and his/her family of (up
modernize the governance in Hyderabad to 5 persons).
state as it would eventually result in 350 • No person was going to be allowed to hold
crores of rupees of surplus funds. more than 5 times the size of an economic
▪ As a Revenue minister in Vellodi cabinet, Shri holding.
Burgula Ramakrishana Rao was actively 95. Correct Answer: Option (3)
involved in the implementation of ▪ Hyderabad Tenancy and agricultural lands
administrative reforms and economic reforms. (Amendment) act 1954 is considered as more
▪ Thus, By the year 1952, Hyderabad state had progressive than the, Hyderabad Tenancy and
achieved economic equilibrium in the state Agricultural lands Act (1950).
budget • The concept of "Economic holding" is further
93. Correct Answer: Option (1) extended to "Family holding’.
▪ Jagirdari system is a system that is prevalent in • Where the monetary value was used to
Hyderabad and in central India where socially determine the size of the family landholding
high profile families were endowed with the rather than numbers as in 1950 act.
authority to collect land revenue from people • It imposed ceilings on present holding and
forcefully. future holding of land by any family.
▪ Jagirdars perform the revenue, police and • An area equal to one third of the family
adjudication functions at the village level. holding was defined as "the basic holding",
▪ The Jagirdari Abolition (Regulation) Act (1949) No unit of cultivation was allowed to fall
was formulated on 15 August, 1949 by the below the size of basic holding.
military government in Hyderabad state. • This measure was meant to prevent extreme
Significant steps under this are fragmentation.
• It has fixed the rate of land revenue to be • This Act has also defined the rent ceilings of
payable by tenant farmers as 12.5 percent. the tenant cultivators.
• This Act had made the tenant farmers free • At the same time, protected the rights of the
from mental agony and psychological land owners by reserving the right to
distress. resumption of land.
• Migrations from Jagirdari areas to Diwani 96. Correct Answer: Option (2)
areas considerably decreased. ▪ The table shows the positive impact of the Land
• This Act also done Justice to jagirdars and reforms legislations undertaken by Burgula
their shareholders by paying some interim Ramakrishna Rao on land holdings and land
relief for first six months. ownership rights in Telangana.
• This act had put an end to extortions (like to ▪ According to survey on land holdings in the year
pay revenue to the landlord on various 1954, the land ownership among small, marginal
occasions such as festivals, marriages etc.) and middle level farmers had been increased to
94. Correct Answer: Option (1) about 60.5 percent of land holdings.
▪ The, Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural lands Type of Size of land % of %of
Act (1950) was formulated on June 10, 1950. farmers holdings( in holdings total
Important benefits is as follows: hectares) area
• If the tenants had held land for a period of Marginal Less than 1 24 8
six years, and regularly paying the rent, Farmers
then considered to be protected Small Farmers 1-2 16 8
• Protected tenant cultivators had a Middle level 2-4 20.5 15
permanent right to continue on their Farmers
holdings. Large Farmers 4-20 33.5 47
Big Farmers More than 6 22
20

▪ According to the Employment Policies of ▪ In the beginning Hyderabad Bhoodan Yagna
Military administration and Vellodi Samithi was constituted with.
Government, policies are as follows: • Ummethala Kesava Rao as coordinator and
• The government has established "Bikanoor Shri Kethi Reddy, Kondandarami Reddy and
Training centre' to provide training for Smt Sangam Laxmi Bai were the active
employability to skilled workers and members.
technical experts. ▪ Later this changed to Bhoodan Yagna Board with
• At least by January 1, 1954 people who • Shri Prabhakar as president and many others
belonged to all social groups are to be as its members.
represented through employment into • Bhoodan Yagna Samithi assisted the
around 60 percent of the posts. government and extended all cooperation.
• The government had appointed certain • According to the code of Bhoodan
people in order to give importance to formulated, the individual who wanted to
Telugu language in the place of Urdu in the donate his lands had to submit a resignation
administration. declaration stating his readiness to forego
• In order to bring stability in governments' the rights on the said charity land to the local
economic conditions around 200 officials of Thahsildar.
Indian civil Services were appointed. 100. Correct Answer: Option (3)
• Government undertook certain reforms in ▪ The land is categorized as "Khareej Khata" land
Police department and Military services and made note for its distribution.
that to reduce their force from 17,870 to • The individual who had donated the land was
10,415. considered as the land donor (Bhoodhata),
• Established Employment Exchanges to and person who receives it as land receiver
undertake recruitment to medium level and (Bhoo-graheetha).
lower level posts. • Primarily, the Thahsildar monitors the issues
• One was located at Hyderabad and the such as the status of public loans, tax arrears
other two at Warangal and Aurangabad etc. in the land and renders consent if any
respectively. liability was not found.
98. Correct Answer: Option (2) • The Bhoodan Samithi used to assist the
Bhoodan Movement: government in distribution of charity land to
▪ Telangana is the birth place for Bhoodan the landless people.
movement. ▪ Land owned and managed by government is
▪ Sarvodaya leader and Gandhi’s follower known as government land.
Acharya Vinoba Bhave sowed the seeds of this ▪ Lavuni Patta are lands that are assigned to
movement on April 18, 1951 at pochampalli, landless families for cultivation.
village of Nalgonda district. ▪ Inam lands are lands granted for free by
▪ Vinoba Bhave declared that land to the tune of government or by Nizams to individuals or
100 acres was available for distribution and laid institutes
the foundation for the mammoth Bhoodan 101. Correct Answer: Option (2)
Movement. ▪ As per the promise made to the students, the
▪ His team visited 51 villages and mobilized Chief Minister Bargula appointed a Cabinet Sub
around 12 thousand acres of land which was to Committee on 26th August, 1952.
be distributed in a democratic manner. ▪ This Committee was supposed to study the Mulki
▪ The first committee (also known as the Soonya problem, identify the Gir-Mulkis who procured
committee) consisted of Shri Ummethala jobs on bogus Mulki certificates and remove
Kesava Rao, Shri Ketireddy Kodanda Rami them from the jobs and see that the Mulki rules
Reddy and Smt Sangam Laxmi Bai as members. were implemented properly.
▪ The gesture of donating individual lands ▪ Mulki means local or native.
became donations of villages, donations at ▪ It also implies "inhabitant" or "domicile", 'Non -
Blocks and District levels. Mulki or "Ghair Mulki, means non 'alien' or 'non-
▪ According to the reports of Sarvodaya within 15 resident'
years of the Commencement of Bhoodan 102. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Movement, 42,27,476 acres of land was ▪ Under the leadership of Sayeed Fazal Ali, States
procured at the national level for distribution. Re-organisation Commission was appointed by

Nehru Government in 1953, December 22, for ▪ As per the original plan,
reorganisation of states in India. • This project was to provide water to 18.58
▪ On September 30, 1955, the States Re- lacs acres to Guntur and Nellore through
organisation Commission recommended right canal.
separate Telangana State which consisted of • Through left canal will provide water to 10
ten Districts. lacs acres to Nalgonda and Khammam
▪ In this report, Bidar district of Karnataka was in districts.
Telangana. • It also decided to provide water to 2.93 lacs
▪ The Commission also recommended that if acres of Krishna and West Godavari districts
necessary after 1962 Assembly elections of through left canal.
Telangana, Vishalandhra can be formed if the ▪ Later Andhra Pradesh government changed the
2/3rd of members of Telangana Assembly project's design.
accepted. • Irrigated area under left canal was reduced
▪ ln honour of the opinion of Shri Govind Vallabh to 5.2 lacs acres, whereas another 3.1 lacs
Pant, the leaders of both Telangana and Andhra irrigated areas was increased in Andhra
regions met for a discussion (on obstacles to the region.
formation of a united Telugu state on the • Because of the release of water through
linguistic basis) in Delhi on 20ft February, 1956. sluices, water level fell down, and because of
103. Correct Answer: Option (1) reduced levels of water, left canal failed to
▪ During the year 1952, the Sarvodaya leader Jaya supply assured water to Telangana.
Prakash Narayan and his wife Smt Prabhavathi • But at the same time Krishna delta received
Devi extensively toured Mahaboobnagar sufficient water.
district as a part of Bhoodan Movement. • Up to 1968, government spent Rs. 37.80
▪ Shri Kethireddy Kodanda Rami Reddy was the crores on right canal but only Rs. 26.58 crores
incharge of this tour. was spent on left canal.
▪ For this team of Bhoodan leaders, the local • With the result that by 1968 Andhra region
leader Shri Pallerla Hanumantha and even Chief got 5.6 lacs irrigated land whereas Telangana
Minister of Hyderabad state Shri Burgula Rama got only 0.9 lacs acres.
Krishna Rao extended their cooperation. 105. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ Jaya Prakash had made an appeal to the people Cultural Diversity:
to donate at least one sixth of property as a ▪ In the Telangana region of Hyderabad state,
mandatory requirement. cultural diversity was largely evident with many
▪ There was a meeting of Sarvodaya Members in cultures coexisting with each other.
Hyderabad on 9th August, under the ▪ Majority of the population were Hindus but the
Chairmanship of Gora, the well-known rulers were Muslim.
Sarvodaya leader. • This had resulted in the existence of the
▪ The Sarvodaya members took a vow to extend Hindu culture, Muslim culture and a
the foundation of the Telangana agitation by composite culture of these two cultures.
sensitizing the coiltrrrotl people of Telangana ▪ Between the Persian language culture and
region in order to help the fulfillment of their Telugu language culture, a new culture known as
aspirations. Deccani Culture had developed.
▪ The meeting condemned the atrocities of the ▪ Hence, the language and dialect of Telugu that
Police and the suppressive measures of the people used contained many Urdu words and
Govemment on the unarmed people and usages peoples' way of living.
peaceful protestors. ▪ The culture of the region is reflected in people’s
104. Correct Answer: Option (2) ways of living.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project: ▪ In Telangana, the culture is a composite culture
▪ To provide water to both Telangana and Andhra that is reflected in people's food habits and dress
regions, before independence, Nizam and habits.
Madras state combinedly made survey for the ▪ Likewise, the festivals, games and sports,
construction of a project at Nandi Konda on the religious beliefs, customs and traditions, the
river Krishna. usages among people in different contexts such
▪ The project construction work was started in as times of birth, death, and marriages and so on
the year 1955. (As per the revised plan are an integral part of the culture.
recommendation made by the Khosla
committee in the year 1955).
▪ Many people from North India such as Muslims, Dakkani were defeated because of the non-
Kayasths, Lodhis, Marwadis, Khathris and cooperation of Afhakies in the army.
professionals migrated to Telangana and 107. Correct Answer: Option (4)
practiced their culture. ▪ During the fifth Nizam ruler, Afzaluddaula (1857-
• The positive aspects of these cultural values 1869) the problem of mulki became serious and
were whole heartedly adopted by the led to a great movement.
people of Telangana and followed with ▪ There are two main reasons for mulki problems
good intention. from the fifth Nizam rule.
106. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ They are:
▪ Mulki movements have played a significant role • After Sepoy's Mutiny (1857) with the end of
in the political history of Hyderabad. Mughal Empire many people who lost their
▪ Though Mulki Movement gained move during positions in the state of Awad, Lucknow,
the reign of Asaf Jahi's, its origin is said to have Bengal, Punjab, Delhi and Murshidabad
six hundred years of history. migrated to Nizam's state.
▪ The seeds of this movement are found during • Nizam's State became a suitable place for
Bahamanis rule though the movement came to peaceful living for them. They have grabbed
a standstill during Quthubshahi's rule. high positions of administration within a
▪ The Mulki movement became strong during short span of time and deprived mulkis of
Asaf Jahi's rule. these positions,
▪ Mulki means local or native. It also implies ▪ The first Salarjung who became the Prime
"inhabitant" or "domicile", "Non-Mulki or Minister in 1853 undertook many reforms to
"Ghair Mulki" means on 'alien' or 'non- modernize Hyderabad State.
resident'. ▪ He invited many intellectuals and educated
▪ Initially, residents were treated as Dakkanies people from north India to help him in this
and non- residents were treated as Afhakies. process of modernization of Hyderabad State.
▪ Many people settled along with soldiers during ▪ Accordingly, Kayasthas, and Khatris migrated to
Asaf Jhahi regime. Hyderabad in large number and obtained jobs.
▪ They included Muslims and Hindus. They were ▪ Salarjung-1 who established Civil Services in
termed as Dakkanies during Bahamanis reign Hyderabad and invited many highly educated
since they were treated as residents. They people from Aligad University.
occupied many positions. ▪ The residents then had a pre-conceived feeling
▪ During Bahmani Sultan periods, many people that they would leave the place after training the
from Iran, Iraq, Turkey and many other locals and assigning duties to them.
countries settled in Dakkan India. ▪ But after the accomplishment of their
• They were called as Afhakies. Afhakies assignment they settled in many important posts
means non-residents. and prevented mulkis from the forthcoming jobs
▪ Dakkanis were treated as Mulkis and Afhakies also. It was a gross injustice to mulkies.
treated as Non-Mulkis. 108. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ Afhakies who came from other countries ▪ The Governments headed by JN. Choudhari, who
became strong in business with the co- formed a military government and K.M. Vellodi
operation of the then government and became who formed a civil government were successful
rich. in solving various problems of the State.
• They occupied prominent positions not only • Law and order was under control.
in business but also in Army and jobs. • The people were granted fundamental
▪ Dakkanis who were residents, were treated as rights.
secondary citizens. • Steps were taken to introduce necessary
▪ Afhakies were very much benefited by taking up reforms which were essential for an effective
many ministerial posts. governance.
• As a result of this discrimination, a sense of • Those, who lost their income from their
hatred developed between Dakkanis and professions due to turmoil in the State, were
Afhakies. Communal riots added fuel as given compensation.
Dakkanis were Sunnis and Afhakies were • Land Reforms were also made to an extent.
Shias. • Proper encouragement was extended to the
▪ The most prominent persons like Hasan and development of trade and commerce.
Md. Gawan during Bahamani's regimes were
also Afhakies when Hasan attacked Gujarat,
• Steps were taken for the civic facilities like ▪ Second day of Bathukamma is Attukula
food, water, roads, irrigation, posts and Bathukamma.
telegraph and civil aviation. ▪ Celebrated on the first day of Ashwayuja Masam.
• The government took steps to facilitate the ▪ Food made of Sappadi Pappu, Atukulu, bellam
students to get education in their mother (jaggery) is offered to the goddess.
tongue. ▪ Saddula Bathukamma:
109. Correct Answer: Option (2) ▪ Last day of Bathukamma is Saddula Bathukamma
Religions & caste’s in Telangana: ▪ Huge bathukammas are made and are immersed
▪ In Hyderabad province, people of different in water called as 'Nimarjan'.
religions and castes lived with fraternity. ▪ Food offered to goddess includes perugannam
▪ Although rulers were Muslims, People of saddi (curd rice), chinthapandu pulihora saddi
different religions like Hindus, Sikhs, Parsis, (tamarind rice), nimmakaya saddi (lemon rice),
Christians, Jains and Buddhists lived peacefully kobbara saddi (coconut rice) and nuvvula saddi
in different parts of Telangana with Religious (sesame rice).
tolerance. Important Points
▪ According to 1881 census, the percentage of ▪ Day 1: Engili pula Bathukamma
Hindus was 90.32%, Muslims 9.4%, Christians ▪ Day 2: Attukula Bathukamma
0.09%, Jains 0.098%, and Parsis 0.006%. ▪ Day 3: Muddappappu Bathukamma
▪ Till the time 1991 census, the percentage of ▪ Day 4: Nanabiyyam Bathukamma
Hindus were decreased by half and population ▪ Day 5: Atla Bathukamma
of Muslims increased. ▪ Day 6: Aligina Bathukamma (alaka Bathukamma)
▪ In Muslims, Shia and Sunni two sects were ▪ Day 7: Vepakayala Bathukamma
there. ▪ Day 8: Vennae muddala Bathukamma
▪ The people who were converted from Hinduism ▪ Day 9: Sadhula Bathukamma
to Islam were known to be Dudekula caste. 111. Correct Answer: Option (3)
They spoke Telugu. Stand Still Agreement:
110. Correct Answer: Option (4) ▪ On November 29th, 1947 Nizam made a ‘Stand
Bathukamma: Still Agreement’ with the Indian Government and
▪ It is the festival of flowers where flowers are handed over the Defence, Foreign affairs,
stacked in rows and worshipped as goddess Communication and Currency of Hyderabad to
Gauri. Indian Government upto 29th November, 1948
▪ Bathukamma means 'Mother Goddess come i.e. for one year.
Alive'. ▪ Rest of the internal administrative powers were
▪ It falls in the monsoon season. kept in the hands of the Nizam’s Government.
▪ Celebrated for nine days beginning from ▪ As soon as the ink dried on the agreement paper
Mahalaya Amavasya. - Nizam government started its violation.
▪ Jataras are held during the days of ▪ Against the provisions of the treaty, the Nizam
Bathukamma. started correspondence with America, England
▪ Women dress up in traditional attire and they and other countries seeking cooperation.
sing, dance by praising goddess Gauri. ▪ Along with this, he sent Ahmed Sayyed, E.L.
▪ Additional Information Edroos the military general of Hyderabad to
Engili pula Bathukamma: England for collection of arms and ammunition
▪ First Day of Bathukamma named as 'Engili Pula through Sidney Cotton and Henry Lashviz and
Bathukamma'. made an agreement with them for the supply of
▪ Celebrated on the day of Mahalaya weapons.
Amavasya/Pethara Amavasya. ▪ Also made an agreement with T.T. Moor, the
▪ On this day food made of rice flour and sesame former military officer of British for the
seeds is offered to Goddess Gauri. gunpowder.
▪ It is celebrated mostly in the Telangana region. ▪ He also made regulations on the usage of Indian
▪ Goddess Maha Gauri is worshipped in the form Rupee in export and import in Hyderabad State.
of Bathukamma. ▪ Against the rule of international affairs, he also
▪ Gauri Matha is worshipped by singing songs to gave 20 crore rupees to Pakistan as a loan from
seek her blessings for good crop harvest and Indian Securities.
income. ▪ The then, Prime Minister of Hyderabad State Mir
Attukula Bathukamma: Laik Ali on 24th August, 1948 complained on
Indian Government to United Nations
Organisation, officially with the help of Sir • Later, due to the circumstances British
Walter Monkton. government took away some places of
▪ As a result, of all these violations the Indian Hyderabad.
Government forced to take police action on • 4 Suba’s left over in the Hyderabad province, out
Hyderabad State. of which Telangana districts were in two Suba’s.
112. Correct Answer: Option (1) ▪ Gulshanabad Suba:
Join India Movement: • Medak
▪ August 7, 1947, was observed as “Join India • Nizamabad
Day.” • Mahbubnagar
▪ However, the Nizam declared his independence • Nalgonda
on August 13, 1947. • Atraf-i-balda (Hyderabad)
▪ Despite the opposition of the Nizam and the ▪ Warangal Suba:
Razakars, Ramananda Theertha hoisted the • Warangal (includes Khammam also)
national flag on August 15, 1947. • Adilabad
▪ He was vehemently supported by the people of
• Karimnagar
Hyderabad.
▪ Aurangabad Suba:
▪ Within a short period, the Join India Movement
• Aurangabad
became a mass movement.
• Parbhani
▪ Hence, the Nizam encouraged the Razakars to
• Nanded
create disturbances in the state.
▪ This ultimately resulted in the Police Action of • Beed
1948. ▪ Osmanabad Suba:
▪ Thus, the Join India Movement proved to be a • Osmanabad
successful movement. • Gulbarga
113. Correct Answer: Option (4) • Bidar
▪ The independent Hyderabad State was founded • Raichur
by Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jahi in 1724. 115. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ He and his successors ruled the State between Geographical Differentials:
1724 and 1948 i.e., 224 years, the period ▪ The Telangana region geographically constitutes
witnessed many ups and downs. the Westen Ghats, Eastern Ghats, plain area,
▪ Salarjung-I who served as Prime Minister of the rivers - rivelets and forest area.
State between 1853-83 C.E. introduced several ▪ This region is a well-known as a semi-arid region
reforms to modernize the State. and an ideal place to settle down with congenial
▪ However, the State still remained as a feudal warmness, breeze and tolerant humidity.
state. ▪ Telangana may be the only region where the
▪ But it was exposed to outside influences such as western and Eastern Ghats simultaneously exist.
the Indian National Congress from 1885 and ▪ The Sahyadri ranges of Westem ghats are
activities of the Press, generated political and expanded in the north western direction in
cultural awareness in the State. Adilabad district.
▪ This resulted in the establishment of many ▪ Likewise Eastern Ghats are emerged in
organizations and Libraries. Khammam district and popularly known as
▪ Among these, 1901 Vignana Chandrika Grandha Papikondalu.
Mandali - Library Movement, Andhra ▪ On the western side of the eastem ghats, parts of
Janasangham of 1921, Andhra Jana Kendra Deccan plateau are found.
sangam of 1924, Andhra Maha Sabha in 1930, ▪ This plain area formed 700 meters above the sea
Hyderabad State Congress in 1938, Comrades level and expanded into Hyderabad, Warangal
Association in 1939, Hyderabad Communist and Khammam district areas.
Party in 1940 and All Hyderabad Students Union ▪ The principal rivers of Krishna and Godavari and
in 1942 revolted against the tyrannical socio- their rivelets rapidly flow in these plain areas.
economic and political policies of Hyderabad 116. Correct Answer: Option (1)
State. Tuljabhavani Jatara:
114. Correct Answer: Option (4) ▪ This is held at Peddaminigal village of Chandampet
• During the reign of the 1st ruler Nizam-Ul-Mulk mandal in Nalgonda district as a part of the 9 day
of Asaf Jahi dynasty, there were Suba’s in the Navarathri celebrations during Dussera festival.
Hyderabad province. ▪ Mainly, people belonging to Lambada community
and others participate in this Jatara.
▪ The chief priest also belongs to the same 120. Correct Answer: Option (2)
community and hundreds of people participate in ▪ Hyderabad State was included in B category of
this Jatara. state of the Constitution which was accepted on
▪ All the priests including the chief priest fast as a 26th January 1950.
religious practice during these 9 days. ▪ Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad
▪ On the culmination of the 9 day festival that falls was appointed as the Raj pramukh and, Vellodi,
on Vijaya dasami, fasting is withdrawn and a large as the Chief Minister.
scale community dinner is arranged. ▪ Owing to the petition filed by the Hyderabad
▪ Hundreds of people belonging to all communities State in the Security Council of UNO, Mir Osman
actively participate in this Jatara. Ali Khan was continued as Raj pramukh up to
117. Correct Answer: Option (2) 26th January 1950.
▪ Adrak-ke -Panje: ▪ He continued up to Burgula's Government was
▪ This is a famous Urdu comedy drama made by a elected through the first State elections on 6th
popular Urdu dramatist Babbhan Khan. March, 1952.
▪ This comedy drama was performed for more than 121. Correct Answer: Option (3)
10 thousand times for about 5 decades and ▪ Before 1724 AD, under the rule of Mughal kings,
established a world record. the rulers had total administrative rights on
▪ In Telugu 'Adrak' means ginger. Surfekhas Jagirs.
▪ The theme of the drama is family planning. ▪ Actually, Surfekhas area was the one which was
▪ It depicts the uncomfortable living of a poor ruled by the subsidiaries of the Mughal emperors
employees with a huge family in a comedy tonic. with complete authority.
▪ This drama is very less expensive without any ▪ So, all the income on the Jagir went to the
heavy settings and became very popular. treasury from which he paid various expenses on
▪ This drama has also attained a place in Guinnis the administration and for his own family.
Book of World Records. ▪ In Telangana, out of 646 Surfekhas villages, which
▪ This drama is entirely a comedy drama and tries to extended to 7113 square miles, 573 villages were
relieve the pains off family problems for a while. in Hyderabad District.
118. Correct Answer: Option(3) ▪ The total number of Surfekhas villages under the
Boddemma Panduga: Nizam's rule was 1443, with a population of
▪ This is a childrens festival. 6,93,398.
▪ It is celebrated in Bhadrapada Masam (a Telugu ▪ Beyond the Surfekhas villages, the Nizam had
almanac month, roughly falls in September) only little administrative rights because, the
from Bahula Navami to Amavasya (New Moon Jagirdars of those areas had their own rights.
days). ▪ Some of them used to pay the Nizam an amount
▪ People perform Boddemma Poojalu of their income called "Chauth" or "Mokasa."
(Worshippings) for 9 days. ▪ From the Chauth amount, 25% went to the ruler
▪ On the first day of the festival, and 75% was paid to maintain the Military, a part
▪ People make a triangular shape a bathukamma of which was paid to Seridar. That was called as
with the soil procured from ananthill and keep Mokasa.
that on a wooden plank to decorate it. 122. Correct Answer: Option (2)
119. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ Kolam: This community is also known as
Osman Ali Khan Farmana - 1919: Kolavars. These people have a language and
▪ During the regime of Seventh Nizam Osman Ali dialect which is in proximity with Gond language.
Khan issued a Farmana 1919 for the protection of ▪ Kolam tribe practice both podu (shifting)
mulkies. cultivation and settled cultivation. Most of them
▪ It was called mulki rules. are settled in Adilabad and Macherial district.
▪ Only mulkis should be appointed in the ▪ Yerukula: Yerukula found throughout the state,
Govemment Jobs. and mostly found in Rangareddy, they call
▪ Those who were born in Nizam state were treated themselves as Kurru. They speak their own
as mulkis only. These were eligible for jobs. dialect called Yerukula basha that includes words
▪ Even those who lived in Hyderabad place from Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada
continuously for 15 years and were unwilling to ▪ Koya: This tribe lives in Mulugu, Warangal,
leave the place were also treated as mulkies. Khammam and some parts of Nalgonda district
▪ The children of those who did their jobs for 15 and West and East Godavari districts of Andhra
years in Hyderabad State were also treated as Pradesh.
mulkis.
▪ Koyas worship the sun and the moon. They are • Nawab Mukarram-ud- daula Bahadur for
also known as konda doras (Lords of hills) revenue department in all its branches
▪ Gond: Generally, Gonds live in Telangana • Nawab Shamshir Jung Bhahdur for Police
(Adilabad), Maharashtra, Chattisgarh and other department
states. • Nawab Shahab Jung Bahadur for Public
▪ Adilabad district has a cultural heritage of its Works, Municipal, Education and Medical
own and the famous Nagoba Jatara (a religious departments.
fair) is regularly held at Keslapur near Utnoor 126. Correct Answer: Option (1)
village. States Reorganization Commission (SRC):
123. Correct Answer: Option (2) • The States Reorganization Commission was
▪ In Telangana there was unity in diversity, which established in 1953.
was well illustrated in the peaceful coexistence • It was headed by Sayyed Fazl Ali and its members
of the people belonging to multi linguistic, were H.N.Kunzru and K.M. Panikkar.
multi-cultural and multi religious backgrounds. • The Andhras hailed the constitution of the
▪ Mahatma Gandhi hailed the cultural scene of commission hoping that their dream of
Hyderabad State as "Ganga Jamuna Tehzeeb" Vishalandhra would come true.
which meant the confluence of two religions as • On the other hand the people of Hyderabad State
the merging waters of two rivers. were unanimous for the trifurcation of the State.
124. Correct Answer: Option (1) • There was a difference of opinion among the
▪ The State administration was divided into 14 people of Telangana about the future of their
departments – Judicial, Revenue, Police, Public region.
Works, Education, Medical, Municipalities, • Some favored its inclusion in the Andhra region
Military, Finance, Post, Railway and Telegraph, to form Vishalandhra with Hyderabad as its
Sarf-I- Khas or his Highness Privy Purse Estate, capital.
Political and Legal. • Others wanted Telangana to be a separate state.
▪ The first seven of the above 14 departments • The communists favored the Vishalandra..
were under the control of separate minster • After the appointment of S.R.C. the demand for
(Sadr-ul-Mihams) who communicated directly Vishalandhra began gaining momentum.
with Prime Minster through the secretaries to • It was at this time K.V. Ranga Reddy and Dr. M.
the government. Chenna Reddy, who were the proponents of
▪ The four Sadar-ul- Mihams were as follows: Vishalandhra changed their stand and argued for
• Nawab Bashir-ud- daula Bahadur for separate Telangana.
Judicial and Jail administration 127. Correct Answer: Option (2)
• Nawab Mukarram-ud- daula Bahadur for City College Incident (3rd, 4th September, 1952):
revenue department in all its branches ▪ On 2nd September, 1952 police commissioner Sri
• Nawab Shamshir Jung Bhahdur for Police Shiva Kumarlal warned the parents to control
department their children and not to let their children create
• Nawab Shahab Jung Bahadur for Public any violence and misbehavior, if they violate
Works, Municipal, Education and Medical then there should be punishment.
departments. ▪ On 3rd September, under Hyderabad city police
125. Correct Answer: Option (3) act section 22 police commissioner Shiva Kumar
▪ The kingdom of Hyderabad state was a union of lal passed orders not to conduct any strikes,
three regions i.e., meetings and rallies.
✓ Marathwada region ▪ City College Principal Dr. Ram Lal informed the
✓ Karnataka region students about the prohibiting orders by the
✓ Telangana region Police Commissioner.
▪ The State administration was divided into 14 ▪ But the students have raised a huge protest in
departments – Judicial, Revenue, Police, Public the City College and surrounding areas, ignoring
Works, Education, Medical, Municipalities, the ban / prohibiting orders.
Military, Finance, Post, Railway and Telegraph, ▪ Konda Laxman Bapuji made efforts to appease
Sarf-I- Khas or his Highness Privy Purse Estate, City College students but they didn’t listen to
Political and Legal. him.
Nawab Bashir-ud- daula Bahadur ▪ On 3rd September, 1952 police opened firing on
▪ The four Sadar-ul- Mihams were as follows: Mulki protesters in the City College and Pattar
• Nawab Bashir-ud- daula Bahadur for Ghat areas.
Judicial and Jail administration ▪ In this incident two died and 147 were injured.
▪ Four people were killed in the firing at Afzalgunj ▪ The developments which were happening in
on 4th September and many were injured. Hyderabad State further increased the desire of
Ordinary people died in this incident and not the people of Telangana to form a separate state
the students. for themselves.
▪ The States Reorganization Commission was ▪ The word “Mulki '' refers to the local people of
established in 1953. the Hyderabad State.
▪ It was headed by Sayyed Fazl Ali and its members ▪ In 1919, the Nizam issued a decree stating that
only Mulkis, i.e. people born in Hyderabad State
were H.N.Kunzru and K.M. Panikkar.
or those who had lived there for at least 15 years,
▪ The Commission’s Report was submitted on 30th
were eligible for public appointments in the
September, 1955.
State.
▪ The S.R.C. visited Hyderabad in July, 1954. ▪ The fear of the people of Telangana regarding the
▪ It interacted with all the stakeholders and heard socio-economic exploitation by the Andhras led
their views. to the Mulki and non-Mulki agitation in 1952.
▪ The Commission recommended the disintegration ▪ It also gave rise to the slogan “Hyderabad for
of the State as the public sentiment both within Hyderabadis”.
and without the state is overwhelming and ▪ This was mainly directed against the infiltration
insisted on the need for the disintegration of the of the Andhras into the administration of
State. Hyderabad in the wake of a merger of Andhra
▪ The Committee did not subscribe to the claims and Telangana regions.
made on behalf of Deccan Culture and for the ▪ After ending the rule of the Nizam, the military
retention of the former Hyderabad State. government of General Choudary and the Civil
▪ The Commission also suggested that for the time government of General Choudary and the Civil
being, the Telangana region might be constituted government of Vellodi, I.C.S, continued to
as the “Hyderabad State” and the issue of the appoint the non-mulkis or nonlocals in various
notification with Andhra could be taken up after positions.
the elections in about 1961. ▪ The non-mulkis went to the extent of producing
129. Correct Answer: Option (3) duplicate certificates as Mulkis.
▪ The Mulki Movement which was started in ▪ This greatly disappointed the local people,
Warangal had a greater impact on Hyderabad especially the students, who felt insecure in the
city. State.
▪ The students resorted to strikes and boycotts. ▪ Consequently, they formed a Joint Action
▪ They organized a rally from Saifabad College to Committee and thousands of students
Abids on 31st August, 1952. participated in the rally organized by the J.A.C. in
▪ This was a protest against the unlawful lathi July, 1952.
charge on the students of Hanamkonda on the ▪ Later on 27th, August, 1952, the JAC of the
30th August, 1952. Warangal students organized a grand rally and a
▪ All the students of Hyderabad and letter was sent to the Chief Minister.
Secunderabad participated in the strikes and ▪ On 30th August, 1952 about 200 students of
made it a grand success. Hanumakonda boycotted the classes and took
▪ They shouted slogans like 'non-mulki, go back’ out a rally.
'Idli Sambar go back', and also against the ▪ They were lathi charged by the police. Soon the
government. agitation had spread to Khammam, Karimnagar,
▪ Soon the movement turned violent and at one Yellandu, Nalgonda, Miryalguda, Bhuvanagiri and
stage the students burnt the car of Burgula Hyderabad.
Ramakrishna Rao on 5th, September, 1952. 131. Correct Answer: Option (1)
▪ Two persons died and 147 were seriously Ahmed Mohiuddin and Abdulla Khan
injured. ▪ Ahmed Mohiuddin and Abdulla Khan- Editor
▪ The next day on the 4th, September, 1952 the ‘Rahebar-e-Deccan’
police fired at the agitators in which 4 people ▪ Mir Hasanuddin - Editor paper 'Mamlakath'
died and 104 were injured. ▪ Mandumula Narasinga Rao - Editor paper
▪ However, it was said that none of the persons ‘Rayyath.’
who died in the police firing were the students. ▪ Ittehadul Muslimeen was formed in 1927
▪ However, the sacrifice of those martyrs laid the ▪ The idea of forming an association with the name
foundation for the future of the Telangana of Razakar under the Chairmanship of Bahadur
students. yar Jung of Ittehadul Muslimeen Party was
expressed by Mohammad Hasan in 1940.

▪ The association of Razakars, as a military wing ▪ The police action by the Indian union on the
was formed by Bahadur Yar Jung' worked as a princely state of Hyderabad resulted in the
voluntary militia in the Princely State and surrender of Nizam's forces led by El Edroos to
resorted to the activities of monstrosity and Indian Army on September 17 ,1948.
treachery. 136. Correct Answer: Option (1)
132. Correct Answer: Option (1) K.V. Ranga Reddy
Tablig ▪ The local leaders of the Hyderabad State
▪ There was much discrimination against Hindus Congress who did not have a berth in the
during Nizam rule, particularly during the government, headed by Jayanthanath Choudary
period of the Seventh Nizam. demanded a people's government in the
▪ Nizam rulers felt that Nizam state was an lslamic Hyderabad State.
state; employment was given to Muslims and ▪ As a result, the Government of India appointed
they encouraged the conversion of Hindus to M.K. Vellodi, who was the Secretary to the State
Islam. Affairs, in the place of J.N. Chaudhuri in
▪ With the support of Nizam, an organization November 24, 1949.
called 'Anjuman Tablig-ul-lslam' worked for the ▪ On the lines of this Order, the Nizam appointed
conversion of poor Hindus and Dalits into lslam. M.K. Vellodi as the Chief Minister of the State of
▪ Nizam imposed prohibition on Anjuman-Tablig- Hyderabad. Thus, the military rule also ended in
ul-Islam because of the opposition from the the Hyderabad State, as a people's government
society and the Land Lords. was formed.
133. Correct Answer: Option (1) ▪ Ministers and their Portfolios in Vellodi's
Narayana Rao Pawar Government:
▪ Activities of Qasim Razwi and Razakars and the • Burgula Rama Krishna Rao (Education and
support of the Nizam to them intensified the Excise),
chaotic condition that was prevailing in the • M Seshadri (Home, Information, Judiciary
State. Assembly Affairs and Elections),
▪ Angered by the activities, a young Hyderabadi, • CVS Rao (Finance and Commerce),
Narayana Rao Pawar and his two friends threw • Nawaz Jain Yar Jung Bahadur (Public Works),
a bomb on the car in which Nizam was • VB Raju (Labour, Customs, Buildings and
travelling, on 4th December, 1947. The bomb Industries),
exploded at the back of the car and the Nizam • Vinayaka Rao Vidyalankar (Agriculture,
had a hair line escape. Veterinary, Cooperative and Supply
134. Correct Answer: Option (3) Departments) and
▪ Sri. K.M. Munshi was appointed as the Agent • Phool Chand Gandhi (Medical & Health and
General to supervise the Agreement of 1947 in Local Institutions)
respect to Hyderabad State. 137. Correct Answer: Option (3)
▪ He took this responsibility to obey the ▪ The Government of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
directions of the leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, was formed on 6th March, 1952.
Sardar Patel and others. ▪ Ramakrishna Rao had previously worked as
▪ His main task was to look after the provisions of Revenue Minister in the Government of Vellodi.
the Standstill Agreement in a proper ▪ He was elected then from Shadnagar Assembly
perspective. Constituency in Mahabubnagar District.
▪ The appointment of Agent general of India in ▪ Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was born on March 13,
Hyderabad can be treated as Union 1899 in Padakallu village of Kalwakurthy Taluq in
governments action against Hyderabad Mahaboobnagar District.
135. Correct Answer: Option (3) ▪ During the year 1931, the second Annual
El Edroos convention of Andhra Maha Sabha of Nizam
▪ The Stand Still Agreement formed on 29th state held at Devarakonda under the
November 1947 was violated by both Indian chairmanship of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao.
Government and the Nizam Government. ▪ Shri Rama Krishna Rao played an active role in
▪ On the pretext of saving the people of Hyderabad state congress.
Hyderabad State from the atrocities of the ▪ Also he was arrested in Quit India movement in
Razakars, the Indian Government sent its Army 1942.
into the Nizam State on 13th September, 1948. ▪ He was also a minister for revenue and education
▪ That act was named as "Operation Polo" during 1948.

138. Correct Answer: Option (4) • Chaitanyapuri
▪ Before the states Re-organisation Commission ▪ Mahabubnagar
many leaders expressed the opinion that the • Mahuru (Buddhist cave)
merger of an advanced region like Andhra with • Komaram Bheem
a backward region Hyderabad State would lead • Vardhamanu fort
to Internal colonisation 142. Correct Answer: Option (2)
▪ The fear of leaders and intellectuals became Forts in Telangana:
true in the short span of time for example: District Fort
• Well-known separatist Mr. E.V. Kamareddy Domakonda fort, Koulas fort
Padamanabham threw Light on the Karimnagar Elagandal fort, Mulanguru fort,
injustices done to Telangana in his paper Nagunur fort
'Flash and Fellowmen'.
• He used to narrate how the Government of Wanaparthy Ganapur Qila, Wanaparthy Gadi
Andhra Pradesh headed by N.T. Rama Rao fort, Panagal fort, Chandraghad
was colonizing Telangana and Hyderabad. fort, Tivudam Palle fort
139. Correct Answer: Option (3) Nalgonda Devarakonda fort, Vadapalli fort,
▪ Due to the failure in implementing Mulki rules Kannekal fort
the youth of Telangana began another Asifabad Sirpurfort, Devadurgam fort
movement called "Gyre Mulki Movement."
▪ By the end of September, the movement Adilabad Vaduru fort, Utnoor fort
reached its height and became very severe. To Jangaon Velupula konda, Zaffar Gadh
put down the movement, police firing took
place at many places' In the police firings, 13
people were shot to death.
Gadwal fort:
▪ To enquire and trace the causes for the police
▪ It was constructed in 17th century by Pedda
firings a committee was formed under ‘Pingali
Somabhupala (Somanadri) in Gadwal region this
Jagan Mohan Reddy'
place is known as Vidwadh gadwal.
▪ There is a 32 feet cannon in this fort, which is
▪ The leader who presided over the 'Telugu
largest in the country.
Bhasha Samithi' meeting in July 1955 and
▪ This fort is in Chalukya – Persian style.
asserted that "Culturally Vishalandhra was
▪ Monolithic statue of Suryanarayana is found in
already a reality" was Konda Venkatappiah
this fort.
▪ He often referred to as Konda Venkat Ranga
▪ There is a temple of Sri Chennakesava Swamy in
Reddy.
90 feet Gali gopuram, which is inside the fort
▪ He was a prominent political figure and played
premises.
a significant role in advocating for the linguistic
▪ The designs which are carved on the stone walls
reorganization of states in India, particularly the
of temple are printed on Gadwal sarees.
formation of Andhra Pradesh.
▪ Kotturu Seetayyagupta was a politician and social
Buddhist Centres in Telangana:
worker from Telangana.
▪ Suryapet District:
▪ He was a member of the Hyderabad State
• Dhulikatta, Mirjam pet Congress Committee and the All-India States
• Peddapalli Peoples Conference.
• Phanigiri, Tirumalagiri ▪ He was also a member of the States
▪ Jagityal Reorganisation Committee, which was set up by
• Kotilingala, Pashigam, Tambalapalli the Government of India to recommend the
▪ Sangareddy reorganization of states on a linguistic basis.
• Kondapur ▪ Seetayyagupta was a strong advocate for the
▪ Nirmal District: merger of the Telugu-speaking areas of
• Badhanakurti (Bavari) Hyderabad State with Andhra Pradesh.
▪ Nalgonda District: ▪ He argued that the people of Telangana would be
• Nagarjuna Konda, Gajula banda better off in a united Andhra Pradesh. He also
▪ Khammam District: believed that the merger would help to promote
• Nelakondapalli economic development in Telangana.
▪ Hyderabad 145. Correct Answer: Option (2)

▪ It is a well-known Buddhist site. opposed to outsiders. The movement aimed to
▪ During excavations, the remains of Buddha prioritize employment opportunities for locals.
from the first and second centuries were found. ▪ "Abolition of the Firmaan issued by the last
▪ In January 2015, during excavations at the Nizam in 1919." This is incorrect. The Firmaan
Phanigiri Buddhist site in Suryapet District. issued by the last Nizam in 1919, which provided
▪ A vessel made of copper and glass from the certain privileges to certain groups of people,
third century A.D. was discovered close to a was not a central focus of the Mulki Movement.
mahastupa. The movement was more concerned with issues
▪ Shiva Temple: related to jobs and representation.
▪ Mahamandaleshwara Rajaditya, the feudatory ▪ The Mulki Movement is often considered as one
king of Vikramaditya IV constructed the of the early signs of the desire for a separate
Rajarajeswara temple at Vemulawada in the Telangana state. The movement highlighted the
11th century. unique identity and concerns of the Telangana
▪ This was a Jain temple that eventually became region and contributed to the eventual demand
a Shiva temple. for statehood.
▪ The Shiva temple, also known as the Telangana ▪ The Mulki Movement was not primarily about
Amarnath, is where Saleshwaram Jatara is protesting against the domination of
celebrated. Seemandhra (the Andhra region) but slowly it
▪ It is situated in the Nallamala forest of was turned against there domination.
Appaipalli village, Lingala Mandal of Nagar 149. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Kurnool district. ▪ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar objectively analysed the
146. Correct Answer: Option (4) advantages and disadvantages of linguistic
Handloom states.
▪ The textile industry is the biggest industry in • He opined that the linguistic states would
India. satisfy the popular aspirations and
▪ The textile industry declined from 19th century strengthen democracy by political
and it was completely ruined after the policy of integration of the people who speak the
liberalization was implemented. same language.
▪ Weaving has become expensive owing to hike ▪ He also analysed the harmful effects of Linguistic
in the cost of raw material. Not being able to states.
pay the loans taken for buying raw materials • The linguistic states might promote linguistic
and to meet house hold expenses, many jingoism and provincial parochialism.
weavers committed suicide. • The linguistic states if left unchecked, would
▪ In those days many from this place went to pose a threat to national integration.
Sholapur in Maharashtra State and learnt the ▪ Still Ambedkar supported linguistic states in the
cloth weaving, returned to Sircilla and started spirit of democracy and felt that formation of
their own handloom weaving. linguistic states was evitable
▪ The ‘Jagir, was a free grant of one more village Dhokra Metal Craft:
from the ruler of the state to the grantee as a ▪ Dhokra means Bell metal art.
reward for some meritorious services either ▪ Wax, mud and brass are used for making toys.
military or otherwise. ▪ This artform is prominent in the tribal areas of
▪ The grantee called the ‘Jagirdar’ had a right to Komaram Bheem Asifabad and Adilabad districts.
collect land revenue from the land holders and ▪ This art can be in Ushgaon, jagaon (Jainuru
generally retained the whole of it without mandal) and Kerimeri mandal.
passing it on to the State. ▪ The “Oja” community is well known for this art.
▪ The jagirs were abolished under the Jagir ▪ The items include tribal designs, horses,
Abolition regulation of 1949, The Hyderabad peacocks, statues of deities are manufactured
Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act which was without any joints.
passed in 1950. ▪ The famous item of Dhokra metal craft is the
▪ In the view of the important nature of the “Dancing girl of Mohenjodaro”.
reforms concerned, the Osmania University ▪ The name Dhokra is derived from the Dhokra
decided to take up a research project under Damar tribes of West Bengal & Odisha, who are
Director Prof. A.M. Khusro to investigate socio the traditional metalsmiths.
economic effects of jagirdari abolition and land
reforms.
▪ One of the key demands of the Mulki
Movement was to ensure that jobs in the
government and other sectors were reserved
for the local residents of Hyderabad State, as

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