WHAT TO STUDY?

❖ Indian plate
❖ Basic facts of India
❖ India physical divisions – Himalayas ,
Northern plains , Plateau , Desert, coastal
plains, Islands
❖ Indian drainage system
❖ Indian climate
❖ India - minerals & Industry
INDIAN PLATE
 THE INDIAN TECTONIC PLATE
▪ The Indian plate includes Peninsular India
and the Australian continental portions.
▪ The subduction zone along
the Himalayas forms the northern plate
boundary in the form of continent-
continent convergence.
▪ In the east, it extends through Arakan
Yoma moutains of Myanmar towards the
island arc along the Java Trench.
▪ The Western margin follows Kirthar
Mountain of Pakistan. It further extends
along the Makrana coast (Pakistan and
Iranian coasts) and joins the spreading site
from the Red Sea rift
▪ The boundary between India and the
Antarctic plate is also marked by an
oceanic ridge running in roughly W-E
direction
 MOVEMENT OF INDIAN PLATE
▪ India was a large island situated off the
Australian coast. The Tethys Sea separated it
from the Asian continent till about 225 million
years ago.
▪ India is supposed to have started her
northward journey about 200 million years
(Pangaea broke).
▪ About 140 million years ago, the subcontinent
was located as south as 50◦ S latitude.
▪ The Tethys Sea separated the Indian plate and
the Eurasian plate.
▪ The Tibetan block was a part of the Asiatic
landmass.
▪ India collided with Asia about 40-50 million
years ago causing rapid uplift of the
Himalayas
▪ It’s thought that India’s coastline was
denser and more firmly attached to the
seabed, which is why Asia’s softer soil was
pushed up rather than the other way
around.
▪ The process is continuing, and the height of
the Himalayas is rising even to this date.
▪ The northward movement of the Indian
tectonic plate pushing slowly against the
Asiatic plate is evident by the frequent
earthquakes in the region.
▪ During the movement of the Indian plate
towards the Asiatic plate, a major event
that occurred was the outpouring of lava
and formation of the Deccan Traps
INDIA BASIC FACTS
INDIA – GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT
▪ India’s area of 32,87,263 sq km
▪ India is the seventh largest country of the
world.
▪ India accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the
total surface area of the world.
▪ Southernmost point - Pygmalion
Point or Indira Point
▪ Northern most point - Indira Col in
Kashmir
▪ Western most extent – Ghuar Mota
▪ Eastern most point – Kibithu
▪ North to South extent - 3,214 km.
▪ East to west extent - 2,933 km.
▪ The Tropic of Cancer passes through the
middle of the country dividing it into two
latitudinal halves.
▪ The area to the north of Tropic of Cancer is
nearly twice the area which lies to the
south of it.
▪ South of 22° north latitude, the country
tapers off over 800 km into the Indian
Ocean as a peninsula.
 STATES THROUGH WHICH TROPIC OF
CANCER PASSES
1. Gujarat
2. Rajasthan
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Chattisgarh
5. Jharkhad
6. West Bengal
7. Tripura
8. Mizoram
INDIAN STANDARD TIME LINE
▪ India’s East-West time difference is nearly 2
hrs
▪ INDIAN STADERED TIME LINE PASSES
THROUGH
1. Utter pradesh
2. Madhya pradesh
3. Chattisgarh
4. Odisha
5. Adhra pradesh
 INDIA, TROPICAL OR
TEMPERATE COUNTRY?
▪ The temperate part (north of Tropic of
Cancer) is twice the area of tropical part.
▪ But India has always been treated as a
tropical country for two different reasons –
physical and cultural.
Physical Geographical Reasons
▪ The country is separated from the rest of
Asia by Himalayas.
▪ Its climate is dominated by the tropical
monsoons and the temperate air masses
are blocked by Himalayas.
▪ Entire area south of the Himalayas is
essentially tropical from climatic point of
view
Cultural Geographical Reasons
▪ Settlements, diseases, agricultural and
primary economic activities are all tropical
in nature.
THE LENGTH OF INDIA’S LAND BORDERS WITH
NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IS AS UNDER
 Consider the following statements regarding
India
1. Tropic of cancer passes through only 7 states
of India
2. Mahi river is the only river in In dia that cuts
the tropic of cancer twice
choose the correct statement
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 & 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Arrange the following countries in ascending
order based on its length of land boundary
with India
1. China
2. Myanmar
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh
choose the correct answer
a) 2-3-4-1
b) 3-2- 1-4
c) 2-3-1-4
d) 4-3-1-2
 Arrange the following countries in ascending
order based on its length of land boundary
with India
1. China
2. Myanmar
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh
choose the correct answer
a) 2-3-4-1
b) 3-2- 1-4
c) 2-3-1-4
d) 4-3-1-2
THANK YOU