University of Greenwich ASPECTS AND IMPACTS REGISTER Printed: 07/05/2024

ASPECTS AND IMPACTS REGISTER

Significance score workings
Category REF Activities Environmental aspects Environmental impacts Significance Size of Risk Size of Control / Operating Relevant procedures & Responsibility Related objective Related Other related

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11.1) 12.3 )

ENERGY USE
ENERGY USE 1 Central Plant- e.g. heating, Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 65 5 13 5 5 3 control Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy FM- Building Carbon
cooling, ventilation, lighting, national grid) and Gas consumption
and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy Services Engineers
hot water, server rooms and changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme
lifts. pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of
life and biodiversity
*Depletion of finite resources
*Production of oxides of nitrogen leading to
photochemical smog formation, resulting in damage
to human health, damage to plants and reduction of 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.6
biodiversity (possibly 4.4 and
*Production of sulphur dioxide leading to damage to 4.5 in future) 12.6
ENERGY USE 2 FM Business Equipment - Electricity consumption (from human respiratory
*Production of CO2health and formation
contributing of acid
to climate rain
change 48 4 12 5 4 3 control Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy ILS Carbon
all computers, servers, PCs, national grid) resulting
and in warming
global forest decline andinlake
resulting seaacidification
level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy
audio-visual equipment, changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme
printers, chargers for mobile pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of
phones etc life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 12.6
resources .
ENERGY USE 3 Non-FM business Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 48 4 12 5 4 3 influence Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Carbon
equipment- all computers, national grid) and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy
servers, PCs, audio-visual changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme
equipment, printers, chargers pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of
for mobile phones etc life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil
resources .
ENERGY USE 4 Use in halls of residences Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 44 4 11 5 3 3 influence Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Carbon
national grid) and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.6
changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme (possibly 4.4 and
pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of 4.5 in future) 12.6
life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil
ENERGY USE 5 Catering equipment - Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 36 4 9 5 3 1 influence Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Sodexo, Students Carbon
Includes drinks machines, national grid) and Gas consumption and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy Union, ABM
vending machines, ovens, (ovens etc) changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme Catering, Catering
microwaves pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of and Events Manager
life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 12.6
ENERGY USE 6 Small kitchenettes - Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 32 4 8 5 2 1 control Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Schools/Offices Carbon
toasters, microwaves, national grid) and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy
fridge/freezer, changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme
pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 12.6
life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil
ENERGY USE 7 Laboratories Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 50 5 10 5 4 1 influence Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Schools Carbon
national grid) and gas consumption and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme (possibly 4.4 and
pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of 4.5 in future) 12.6
life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil
ENERGY USE 8 Events - lights, running of Electricity consumption (from *Production of CO2 contributing to climate change 16 2 8 5 2 1 control Normal OC03 - Carbon & energy Carbon
machinery, etc national grid) and gas consumption and global warming resulting in sea level rise, management; 0C04 CRC Energy
changing weather patterns, increased incidence of Efficiency Scheme
pest / diseases, damage to human health / quality of
life and biodiversity. *Depletion of finite gas and oil
resources .
*Production of oxides of nitrogen leading to
photochemical smog formation, resulting in damage
8 to human health, damage to plants and reduction of
biodiversity.
RESOURCE USE (minimising use of water other resources and the production of waste)
9 Mains water consumption Potable/treated water consumption. Renewable resource consumption. 50 5 10 3 4 3 control Normal OC07 - Water management; FM- building Water
for WCs, showers, kitchens, Indirect impact: water treatment process is a carbon Services
catering, cleaning, drink intensive process; consumption of natural resources,
RESOURCE machines contribution to climate change; local ozone; smog
USE and acid rain. 8.6 12.6
10 Mains water consumption Potable/treated water consumption. Renewable resource consumption. 30 3 10 3 4 3 control Normal OC07 - Water management; Grounds Staff Water
for grounds, refurbishment Indirect impact: water treatment process is a carbon
RESOURCE and minor works intensive process; consumption of natural resources,
USE contribution to climate change; local ozone; smog 8.6 12.6
and acid rain.
11 Procurement of FM office Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 40 5 8 2 4 2 control Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
materials, including paper, Indirect impacts associated with manufacturing of resource use Procurement
RESOURCE stationery, furniture paper, envelope, printer toner, pens and other
USE stationary items including:
* Chemicals emitted during manufacturing.
12 Use of FM office materials, Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 40 5 8 2 4 2 control Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
including paper, stationery, Indirect impacts associated with manufacturing of resource use Procurement
RESOURCE furniture, printed publications paper, envelope, printer toner, pens and other
USE stationary items including:
* Chemicals emitted during manufacturing.
13 Food and beverage Use of natural resources Indirect impacts: 40 4 10 2 5 3 influence Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
purchase by catering and * soil quality, fossil fuel use, water consumption and resource use; OC11 - Management of Procurement
RESOURCE other contractors chemical use in the agricultural sector. Contractors
USE * transportation of food & beverages: depletion of 12.4, 12.6
non renewable resources; contribution to climate
14 Catering crockery, cutlery Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 15 3 5 0 4 1 influence Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
change; local noise & nuisance, congestion and
purchase by catering and Indirect impacts: resource use; OC11 - Management of Procurement
local urban runoff.
RESOURCE other contractors * natural resource depletion during manufacturing. Contractors
USE * transportation of items. 12.4, 12.6
15 Bottled mineral water Use of natural resources *Renewable resource consumption. 30 3 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
including use of water *Energy required to chill water, transport bottles and resource use Procurement
RESOURCE coolers, FM and campus clean bottled
USE wide *Waste created via disposable cup usage 12.4, 12.6
16 FM Construction and Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 32 4 8 3 4 1 control Normal OC10 - Sustainable construction; Sustainable
refurbishment materials, Indirect impacts: OC09 - Sustainable Procurement Procurement /
e.g. Those purchased directly * natural resource depletion during manufacturing. Construction and
RESOURCE
by the FM team for on-site * transportation of items. Refurbishment
USE works 8.6, 10.2 12.6
17 Purchase of EEE (Electrical Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 27 3 9 3 5 1 control Normal OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
and Electronic Equipment) Indirect impacts: resource use Procurement
RESOURCE by FM team * natural resource depletion during manufacturing.
USE * transportation of items. 12.6
18 Contractor construction Use of natural resources Reduced consumption of natural resources. 45 5 9 3 4 2 control Normal OC10 - Sustainable construction; Sustainable
materials, e.g. Those Potential reduction in indirect impacts during OC09 - Sustainable Procurement; Procurement
purchased by contractors for manufacture, transport and throughout lifecycle OC11 - Management of Contractors
on-site works.
RESOURCE
USE 12.6
19 Grounds maintenance Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 36 3 12 5 5 2 control OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
materials - including Indirect impacts: resource use Procurement
pesticides, paint, timber, * natural resource depletion during manufacturing.
fencing, machinery, tyre * transportation of items.
RESOURCE pellets for playing fields
USE
20 Procurement and use of Use of natural resources Direct impact: consumption of natural resources. 50 5 10 3 5 2 influence OC09 - Sustainable Procurement and Sustainable
natural resources, Indirect impacts: resource use Procurement
including EEE, campus * natural resource depletion during manufacturing.
wide (i.e. Non-FM depts) * transportation of items.
RESOURCE
USE
20

EMISSIONS TO AIR
21 Use of photocopiers, Release of pollutants to air from Indoor air quality, may harm human health. 12 4 3 2 1 0 control Normal OC13 - Emissions to air Carbon
printers, faxes, etc equipment use Solvents and chemicals may cause various health
EMISSIONS TO problems if these substances enter the body and
AIR can also damage the local ecosystems and food 12.6
chains.
22 Heating, ventilation, air Release of pollutants to air from Indoor air pollution/ contamination: may arise from 55 5 11 5 3 3 control Normal & OC13 - Emissions to air Carbon
conditioning & office equipment use biological growth in air conditioning system, outdoor Emergency
EMISSIONS TO equipment use - campus air pollution & radiation from computer monitors. 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
AIR wide Beyond this there are also issues of thermal comfort. Fgas certificates 12.6
Production of oxides of nitrogen leading to
23 Emergency appliance use Release of pollutants to air from Depending on the chemical used; contribution to 6 1 6 2 4 0 control Emergency OC13 - Emissions to air Environmental
photochemical smog formation, resulting in damage
and maintenance - campus equipment use ozone depletion (e.g. halon) and climate change. Management
to human health, damage to plants and reduction of
EMISSIONS TO wide If misused they also pose a risk of harm to human System
biodiversity. Production of sulphur dioxide leading to
AIR health (e.g. through suffocation, burns, etc.). 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 12.6
24 Refrigerants in chillers and Release of pollutants to air from Depending on the chemical used; contribution to 48 4 12 5 5 2 control Emergency OC13 - Emissions to air Environmental
catering refridgerators: use equipment use ozone depletion, climate change and local air Management
EMISSIONS TO and maintenance - campus quality, may harm human health. System 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
AIR wide Chemical impacts could include: ODPs, flourinated Fgas certificates 12.6
gases and greenhouse gases cause ozone depletion
25 Emissions from Labs Release of pollutants to air from Solvents and Chemicals: Various health problems 40 4 10 5 4 1 influence Normal OC13 - Emissions to air Environmental
and global warming resulting in sea level rise,
(including Fume Cupboards equipment and use of chemicals can be caused if these substances enter the body, Management
changing weather pattersn, increased incidence of
EMISSIONS TO and glass working plus damage can also occur to the local ecosystems and System
AIR metal working) - some food chains 5.1, 5.3 12.6
ventilation is lab's
26 Emissions from Cleaning Release of pollutants to air from use Solvents and Chemicals: Various health problems 12 4 3 0 3 0 control Normal OC13 - Emissions to air; OC05 - Oil
activities -campus wide of chemicals can be caused if these substances enter the body, and Chemicals
EMISSIONS TO damage can also occur to the local ecosystems and
AIR food chains 5.1, 5.3 12.6
27 Smoking in public areas Release of smoke and chemicals to Prevention of production of cancer causing airborne 40 4 10 5 3 2 influence Normal OC13 - Emissions to air Environmental
air chemicals, litter production, air pollution for nearby Management
EMISSIONS TO students/staff. System
AIR 7.3 12.6
28 Refurbishment/ Release of asbestos into air during *Potential release of asbestos fibres into the 52 4 13 5 5 3 control Abnormal OC13 - Emissions to air; OC16 - Environmental
maintenance works in maintenance / refurbishments atmosphere resulting in potential damage to human Asbestos; OC10 - Sustainable Management
EMISSIONS TO Asbestos affected areas - health. Construction System
AIR campus wide *Potential waste disposal issues leading to global 5.2, 5.3 12.6
warming through landfill gas or incinerator emissions
29 Decorating, fittings and Release of pollutants to air from VOCs emissions from building fabric or office 28 4 7 2 4 1 control Normal OC13 - Emissions to air; OC10 -
resulting from the release of CO2 into atmosphere
associated works - campus equipment, materials, and use of furniture (e.g. solvents in paints, formaldehyde in Sustainable Construction; OC09 -
EMISSIONS TO wide chemicals treated timber) cause harm to human and animal Sustainable Procurement
AIR health. There is also greater potentila for land 3.1 12.6
contamination through spillage of fuel and chemicals
30 Extractor fans for Odours and heat emitted, potential Nuisance to neighbours, harm to human health. 10 2 5 2 2 1 influence Normal OC13 - Emissions to air; OC11 -
commercial kitchens biological growth in extractor fan. Management of Contractors
EMISSIONS TO (tenants)
AIR
30

RELEASES TO WATER
31 Oil storage and spillage Oil released to sewer system Pollution/contamination of water course 65 5 13 5 5 3 control Emergency OC05 - oils and chemicals, OC02 - Environmental
during refilling tanks, mixing Risk assessment, OC01 - Accident & Management
RELEASES TO of fuel Incident Reporting, OC11 - System 1.3, 5.1, 6.3, 8.1,
WATER Management of Contractors 8.2, 8.5 12.5, 12.6
32 Water services & Chemical release to water body Pollution/contamination of water course 39 3 13 5 5 3 control Abnormal OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01 - Water
maintenance Accident & Incident Reporting, OC11
RELEASES TO - Management of Contractors; OC07 - 1.3, 6.3, 8.1, 8.3,
WATER Water management 8.4, 8.5 12.5, 12.6
33 Water run off from car Release of rainwater to foul water
*Contamination of groundwater with petrol, diesel, 36 3 12 5 5 2 control Abnormal OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01 - Environmental
parks or grounds drains oil, salt, pesticides, fertilisers and heavy metals such Accident & Incident Reporting, OC11 Management
as lead and platinum. - Management of Contractors System
1.3, 6.3, 8.1, 8.3,
RELEASES TO *Possible entry into freshwater and soil ecosystems
8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.2,
leading to reduction in species diversity.
WATER 10.7 12.5, 12.6
*Loss of ground water as a resource.
34 Unpermitted discharges by Release of unpermitted substance *Contamination of groundwater . Possible entry into 52 4 13 5 5 3 influence Emergency OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01 - Environmental
contractors including for by third party to surface water drains freshwater and soil ecosystems leading to reduction Accident & Incident Reporting, OC11 Management
events, or during an and/or sewerage system e.g. paint, in species diversity. - Management of Contractors; OC15 - System
emergency plaster, filler, etc Emergency arrangements; OC05 -
1.3, 5.1, 6.3, 8.1,
RELEASES TO oils and chemicals,
8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1,
WATER 9.2 12.5, 12.6
35 Leakage of materials stored Release of unpermitted substance *Contamination/potential pollution of local fresh 52 4 13 5 5 3 control Emergency OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01 - Environmental
on-site (chemicals, oil, to surface water drains and/or water courses and soil ecosystems, and wildlife Accident & Incident Reporting, OC11 Management
lubricants, diesel, fertilizer, sewerage system thereon. - Management of Contractors; OC15 - System
antifreeze, cleaning *Potential negative impact on water supply – Emergency arrangements; OC05 -
materials) possible threat to human and animal health – oils and chemicals,
reduction in biodiversity
RELEASES TO 1.3, 5.1, 5.3, 5.4,
WATER 8.2, 8.5, 9.1, 9.2, 12.5, 12.6
36 Potential discharges to Release of chemicals into water Discharge of normal effluent to main sewer. 48 4 12 5 4 3 control Normal OC11 - Management of Contractors, Environmental
sewer (foul drainage - Pressure on water treatment works and subsequent OC02 - Risk assessments, OC05 - Management
effluent) or surface water pollution of controlled waters. oils and chemicals System
drainage during normal *Potential impact on water supply – possible threat
operation , namely: to human and animal health – reduction in
a) toilets biodiversity
b) cleaning – chemicals
down drains
c) catering – maceration
system food waste,
cooking oil
d) laundry
e) dishwashers
f) see also lab chemical etc
release below
g) car parks, delivery areas
and gulleys (oil/petrol)
h) on-site events (diesel,
oil)

RELEASES TO
WATER 5.1, 8.3, 8.4 12.5, 12.6
37 Controlled Chemical Chemicals released to drains under Discharge of normal laboratory effluent to main 48 4 12 5 5 2 influence Normal OC05 - Oils and chemicals, OC02 - Environmental
disposal in laboratories controlled conditions. sewer. Pressure on water treatment works and Risk assessment, OC01 - Accident & Management
RELEASES TO subsequent pollution of controlled waters Incident Reporting System
WATER 8.4, 5.1 12.5, 12.6
37

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (including releases to land)

770147116.xls Version 1 Page 1 of 15

 University of Greenwich ASPECTS AND IMPACTS REGISTER Printed: 07/05/2024

ASPECTS AND IMPACTS REGISTER

Significance score workings
Category REF Activities Environmental aspects Environmental impacts Significance Size of Risk Size of Control / Operating Relevant procedures & Responsibility Related objective Related Other related

5) l
(0- enta

n( /
)
)
score (0-65) - Risk - influence conditions methods of control (See Objectives and Legislation and regulation or

0-3
0-5

tio ers
tio n /
(see Procedure Likelihood Severity Targets document) Regulation (see obligation (see Legal

n(

pa nm

uta old
ula tio
tab for (1-5) (0-13) Legal Register) (FoI Register) (HEFCE

reg gisla

im viro

rep akeh
explanation) obligations could obligations 12.1, 12.2

ct
apply to all aspects and Sustainability

En
Le

St
see Legal Register policy applies to all
38 Office waste produced by Waste generation: both segregated Transportation of waste streams to MRF which 55 5 11 5 3 3 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 11.1) 12.3 )
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
office activities (including for MRF and general mixed waste. leads to indirect impacts of congestions; nuisance; 2.5
confidential waste) water runoff; local air pollution & contribution to Waste transfer
WASTE climate change. notes 12.6
Segregation and recycling: Non renewable
39 Toner and printer Segregated toner cartridges. Transportation of waste streams to hazardous 30 3 10 5 4 1 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
resource use during recycling; contribution to climate
cartridges collected for waste treatment plant which leads to indirect impacts 2.5
change; local ozone; smog and acid rain.
reprocessing of congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air Waste transfer
WASTE pollution & contribution to climate change. notes 12.6
40 Food waste - from caterers Organic waste ( food and beverage) Transportation of food waste to Energy to Waste 36 4 9 5 3 1 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
and also discarded by generation and segregation (in plant or landfill which leads to indirect impacts of
employees and students kitchen black liner bins). Sent either congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
to Landfill or Energy from Waste pollution & contribution to climate change.
plant. 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3,
Energy to Waste: Non renewable resource use 2.4, 2.7, 2.5, 7.1,
during process; contribution to climate change; local 7.2
ozone; smog and acid rain. Waste transfer
WASTE Landfill: Indirect impacts: notes 12.4, 12.6
* Odour and visual impacts
41 First aid & medical waste Segregated medical waste Transportation of food waste to Energy to Waste 10 1 10 5 4 1 control Abnormal OC06 - Waste management Waste
plant or landfill which leads to indirect impacts of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air 2.5, 7.1
WASTE pollution & contribution to climate change. Consignment notes 12.6
42 Hygiene and Sanitary waste Segregated hygiene and sanitary Transportation of food waste to Energy to Waste 20 2 10 5 4 1 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
waste for collection plant or landfill which leads to indirect impacts of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air 2.5, 5.3, 7.1, 8.3
WASTE pollution & contribution to climate change. Consignment notes 12.6
43 Furniture waste due to Segregated and stored for reuse or Reuse: If reused within campus there are no direct 40 4 10 5 3 2 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
damage, obsolescence or recycling. impacts (see below). 2.5
unsuitability. Waste transfer
WASTE If University reuses furniture on another campus / notes 12.6
local charity / organisation there will be
44 Furniture reuse Avoiding the disposal of furniture (+) Reduction in consumption of natural resources 12 4 3 3 0 0 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
transportation related indirect impacts including
(+) Reduction in waste to landfill or recycling
congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
Waste transfer
WASTE notes 12.6
45 EEE (electronic and Storage of redundant electrical Transportation of waste streams to MRF which 60 5 12 5 5 2 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
electrical equipment) waste equipment prior to reuse or leads to indirect impacts of congestions; nuisance; 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.9,
collection by manufacturer. water runoff; local air pollution & contribution to 7.1
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
WASTE climate change. Consignment notes 12.6
2.6, 2.5, 5.1, 5.2,
46 Construction waste Inorganic waste streams generate Consumption of renewable and non-renewable 44 4 11 5 4 2 control Normal OC06 - Waste management; OC10 - Waste 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1
secondary aggregates and resources. Sustainable construction Waste transfer
construction waste which may be notes/consignment
WASTE reusable or alternatively taken to Creation of various waste streams. notes 12.6
landfill.
47 FM chemical waste Segregated chemical waste stream Transportation of waste streams to hazardous 52 4 13 5 5 3 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
waste treatment plant which leads to indirect impacts 2.6, 2.5, 5.1, 5.3,
of congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air 5.4, 7.1,
WASTE pollution & contribution to climate change. Consignment notes 12.6
48 Campus-wide chemical Segregated chemical waste stream Transportation of waste streams to hazardous 65 5 13 5 5 3 influence OC06 - Waste management Waste
waste (e.g. Labs) waste treatment plant which leads to indirect impacts
of congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
WASTE pollution & contribution to climate change. Consignment notes
49 Hazardous waste, including Segregated hazardous waste stream Transportation of waste streams to hazardous 65 5 13 5 5 3 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
heavy metals, lightbulbs, waste treatment plant which leads to indirect impacts 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
batteries from mobile phones, of congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air 2.6, 2.7, 2.5, 5.1,
computers etc, and pesticides pollution & contribution to climate change. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 1.4,
5.5, 5.6, 7.1
WASTE Hazardous waste treatment: Consignment notes 12.6
50 Garden waste Waste streams generated from Composting: Positive environmental impact if waste 28 4 7 5 1 1 control Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste
maintenance of grounds is properly composted and used to put natural 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5
organic nutrients back into the soil on campus. Waste transfer
WASTE notes 12.6
Transportation of waste streams to compost heap
51 Student end of term waste- Waste left behind by students at the Reuse: If reused within campus there are no direct 45 5 9 3 3 3 influence Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
which leads to indirect impacts of congestions;
bedding, furniture, end of term impacts. If the items are donated to a charity or 2.5
nuisance; water runoff; local air pollution &
stationery, crockery, charitable organisation they can have a positive Waste transfer
contribution to climate change.
WASTE social impact on the wider community, through notes 12.6
raising funds for charitable organisations or through
52 Sealed and unsealed Release of Radiation emitting Potential long term contamination of land and 39 3 13 5 5 3 influence Normal OC06 - Waste management Waste 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4,
radiation emitting devices. sources into the trade waste system. watercourses, and resulting damage to animal and 2.5, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5,
human health. 7.1
WASTE Consignment notes 12.6
53 Clinical and lab waste - Segregated animal waste or Transportation of clinical and lab waste to waste 39 3 13 5 5 3 influence OC06 - Waste management Waste
animal products, genetically genetically modified organisms/ cells treatment plant or landfill which leads to indirect 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7,
modified organisms/ cells waste stream impacts of congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local 2.5, 5.1, 5.3, 5.6
WASTE air pollution & contribution to climate change. Consignment notes 12.6
53

TRANSPORT
54 Vehicles- university owned Petrol and diesel use. *Production of CO2 leading to climate change and 48 4 12 5 4 3 control Normal OC08 - Transport Transport and Green Carbon -Transport
transport Electricity consumption to recharge global warming. Travel Manager
electric vehicles *Production of oxides of nitrogen leading to
TRANSPORT photochemical smog formation. 3.5, 4.2 12.6
*Production of sulphur dioxide leading to damage to
55 Vehicles- leased vehicles Petrol and diesel use *Production of CO2 leading to climate change and 40 4 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Transport and Green Carbon -Transport
human respiratory health and formation of acid rain
global warming. Travel Manager
resulting in forest decline and lake acidification.
*Production of oxides of nitrogen leading to
TRANSPORT photochemical smog formation. 3.5, 4.2 12.6
*Production of sulphur dioxide leading to damage to
56 External business travel Aviation fuel consumption for air * air emissions (e.g. water vapour, carbon dioxide, 40 4 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
human respiratory health and formation of acid rain
travel and emission to air. nitrogen oxides) contribute to climate change,
resulting in forest decline and lake acidification.
Taxi- Petrol, diesel or LPG acidification, local air quality, and are believed to
consumption and emission to air. aggravate ozone depletion;
TRANSPORT * aqueous emissions (e.g. surface water run-off 4.2 12.6
contaminated with de-icer) cause water pollution;
57 Inter campus business staff Electricity, petrol or diesel *emissions
air emissions (e.g.
to land water
(e.g. vapour,
tyres, carbon dioxide,
oil) generate a waste 40 4 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
travel consumption and emission to air. nitrogen oxides) contribute to climate change,
burden; and
acidification, local air quality, and are believed to
TRANSPORT aggravate ozone depletion; 3.5, 4.2 12.6
* aqueous emissions (e.g. surface water run-off
58 Encouraging use of Public Prevention of resource consumption. Non renewable resources use, impacts of 9 3 3 3 0 0 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
contaminated with de-icer) cause water pollution;
transport and walking and congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
emissions to land (e.g. tyres, oil) generate a waste
cycling - includes pollution, noise, vibration & contribution to climate
burden;
intercampus bus, train, bus, change.
boat, light rail, tube, tram
TRANSPORT Positive impact by reducing the need to travel by 4.2 12.6
59 Staff commuting Electricity, petrol or diesel private
Non car or taxi.
renewable resources use, impacts of 40 4 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
consumption and emission to air. congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
pollution, noise, vibration & contribution to climate
TRANSPORT change. 4.2 12.6
60 Student commuting Electricity, petrol or diesel Non renewable resources use, impacts of 40 4 10 3 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
consumption and emission to air. congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
pollution, noise, vibration & contribution to climate
TRANSPORT change. 4.2 12.6
61 Student end and start of Electricity, petrol or diesel Non renewable resources use, impacts of 27 3 9 2 4 3 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
term travel consumption and emission to air. congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
pollution, noise, vibration & contribution to climate
TRANSPORT change. 4.2
62 Delivery, couriers and Dependent on mode: petrol, diesel Non renewable resources use, impacts of 36 4 9 3 4 2 influence Normal OC08 - Transport Carbon -Transport
contractor transport or LPG and emission to air. congestions; nuisance; water runoff; local air
pollution & contribution to climate change.
TRANSPORT 3.5, 4.2 12.6
62

NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 0

63 Green spaces, including Managing green spaces Plants and vegetation can support local biodiversity 28 4 7 5 0 2 control Normal OC14 - Natural and Historical Biodiversity
hedgerows, lawns, gardens, when outside, enhance local air quality and moisture Preservation Procedure
NATURAL AND playing fields, flowerbeds, content in the air. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4,
CULTURAL woodland, meadows, Plants remove greenhouse gasses such as carbon 6.5, 6.6, 9.1, 9.2,
HERITAGE borders, streams, ponds. dioxide from the atmosphere. 10.3, 10.7 12.6
64 Maintaining listed buildings Maintaining historic buildings Positive impact: maintaining and preserving the 24 3 8 5 0 3 control Normal OC14 - Natural and Historical Environmental
cultural heritage of the historic buildings that the Preservation Procedure Management
NATURAL AND University of Greenwich occupies. System
CULTURAL
HERITAGE 10.4, 10.5 12.6, 12.7
64

NUISANCE (for occupants and neighbours) 0

65 Noise from students- bars Noise and nuisance Neighbours, residents and animals disturbed by the 24 3 8 5 1 2 influence Normal OC12 - Nuisance Environmental
and residences noise. Management
System
NUISANCE 7.1, 7.2 12.6
66 Construction and Building Nuisance (dust, noise, odour) Potentially affect human lungs. 30 3 10 5 3 2 control Normal OC12 - Nuisance Construction and
maintenance Continuous high levels of noise can cause hearing Refurbishment
disorders and provoke stress related illnesses. 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.6,
NUISANCE 10.7, 5.3, 3.1 12.6
67 Litter Litter production Litter can cause injury to the area's wildlife, pose 44 4 11 5 4 2 influence Normal OC12 - Nuisance Waste
threats to animal health and is aesthetically
displeasing.
NUISANCE 7.1, 7.2, 12.6, 12.7

770147116.xls Version 1 Page 2 of 15

UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH | Sustainability Management System
CD4 Aspects and Impacts Register

Site: All sites Author: Kat Thorne

Version: 3 Approved by: Kat Thorne
Issue date: 11/05/2011 3/18/2013 Department: Facilities Management

Contents
Aspects and Impacts Register
Ranked Aspects
Aspects and Impacts Procedure
Environmental Impacts Glossary

Changes to the procedure:

If you think changes are required please contact Alex Giles, Sustainability Projects
Assistant, on x8813 or email sustainability@gre.ac.uk. If necessary, changes to the
register will be made and recorded below, and a new version will be created.

Change Name Date

Old Version
no.
1 Add in reference to relevant Alyssa Terrell 6/22/2011
legislation, regulation and legal
obligations, update reference to
Sustainable Development Manager
to Head of Sustainability

2 Updated scores Kat Thorne 12/14/2011

3 Added in max and min score for Kat Thorne 3/8/2012
significance scores as requested
by campus planning group
3 Changed the likelihood/size of risk Julia Raybould 3/14/2012
for asbestos emissions to air from
3 to 4, due to the recent
environmental incidents and review
conducted.
3 Changed likelihood from 3 to 4 for Kat Thorne 8/9/2012
chillers - ref 24 Refrigerants in
chillers use and maintenance -
campus wide as they are in
constant use and regularly
maintained

3 Added in catering refrigerators to Kat Thorne 8/9/2012

ref 24
3 Added in reference to events to Kat Thorne 3/18/2013
ref 34 with respect to unpermitted
discharges by contractors - and
changed wording from one off
contractors to contractors

3.1 Changed details of who to contact if A Giles 9/6/2013

Significance Category Activities Environmental aspect REF Related objective
Score

65 ENERGY Central Plant- e.g. heating, cooling, Electricity consumption 1 Carbon

USE ventilation, lighting, hot water, server rooms (from national grid) and
and lifts. Gas consumption
65 RELEASES Oil storage and spillage during refilling tanks, Oil released to sewer 31 Environmental
TO WATER mixing of fuel system Management System

65 WASTE Campus-wide chemical waste (e.g. Labs) Segregated chemical 48 Waste

waste stream

65 WASTE Hazardous waste, including heavy metals, Segregated hazardous 49 Waste

lightbulbs, batteries from mobile phones, waste stream
computers etc, and pesticides

60 WASTE EEE (electronic and electrical equipment) Storage of redundant 45 Waste

waste electrical equipment prior
to reuse or collection by
manufacturer.
55 EMISSIONS Heating, ventilation, air conditioning & office Release of pollutants to 22 Carbon
TO AIR equipment use - campus wide air from equipment use

55 WASTE Office waste produced by office activities Waste generation: both 38 Waste
(including confidential waste) segregated for MRF and
general mixed waste.

52 RELEASES Leakage of materials stored on-site Release of unpermitted 35 Environmental

TO WATER (chemicals, oil, lubricants, diesel, fertilizer, substance to surface Management System
antifreeze, cleaning materials) water drains and/or
sewerage system

52 RELEASES Unpermitted discharges by contractors Release of unpermitted 34 Environmental

TO WATER including for events, or during an emergency substance by third party Management System
to surface water drains
and/or sewerage system
e.g. paint, plaster, filler,
etc

52 WASTE FM chemical waste Segregated chemical 47 Waste

waste stream

52 EMISSIONS Refurbishment/ maintenance works in Release of asbestos into 28 Environmental

TO AIR Asbestos affected areas - campus wide air during maintenance / Management System
refurbishments

50 RESOURCE Mains water consumption for WCs, showers, Potable/treated water 9 Water
USE kitchens, catering, cleaning, drink machines consumption.

50 RESOURCE Procurement and use of natural resources, Use of natural resources 20 Sustainable
USE including EEE, campus wide (i.e. Non-FM Procurement
depts)

50 ENERGY Laboratories Electricity consumption 7 Carbon

USE (from national grid) and
gas consumption

48 ENERGY FM Business Equipment - all computers, Electricity consumption 2 Carbon

USE servers, PCs, audio-visual equipment, (from national grid)
printers, chargers for mobile phones etc

48 ENERGY Non-FM business equipment- all computers, Electricity consumption 3 Carbon

USE servers, PCs, audio-visual equipment, (from national grid)
printers, chargers for mobile phones etc

48 RELEASES Potential discharges to sewer (foul drainage Release of chemicals into 36 Environmental
TO WATER - effluent) or surface water drainage during water Management System
normal operation , namely:
a) toilets
48 RELEASES Controlled Chemical disposal in laboratories Chemicals released to 37 Environmental
TO WATER drains under controlled Management System
conditions.

48 TRANSPORT Vehicles- university owned transport Petrol and diesel use. 54 Carbon -Transport
Electricity consumption to
recharge electric vehicles
48 EMISSIONS Refrigerants in chillers and catering Release of pollutants to 24 Environmental
TO AIR refridgerators: use and maintenance - air from equipment use Management System
campus wide

45 WASTE Student end of term waste- bedding, Waste left behind by 51 Waste
furniture, stationery, crockery, students at the end of
term

45 RESOURCE Contractor construction materials, e.g. Those Use of natural resources 18 Sustainable
USE purchased by contractors for on-site works. Procurement

44 ENERGY Use in halls of residences Electricity consumption 4 Carbon

USE (from national grid)

44 WASTE Construction waste Inorganic waste streams 46 Waste

generate secondary
aggregates and
construction waste which
40 TRANSPORT Inter campus business staff travel Electricity, petrol or diesel 57 Carbon -Transport
consumption and
emission to air.

40 RESOURCE Food and beverage purchase by catering Use of natural resources 13 Sustainable
USE and other contractors Procurement

40 TRANSPORT Staff commuting Electricity, petrol or diesel 59 Carbon -Transport

consumption and
emission to air.

40 TRANSPORT Student commuting Electricity, petrol or diesel 60 Carbon -Transport

consumption and
emission to air.

40 TRANSPORT External business travel Aviation fuel consumption 56 Carbon -Transport

for air travel and emission
to air.
Taxi- Petrol, diesel or
40 EMISSIONS Emissions from Labs (including Fume LPG consumption
Release andto
of pollutants 25 Environmental
TO AIR Cupboards and glass working plus metal emission
air to air.
from equipment and Management System
working) - some ventilation is lab's use of chemicals
responsiblity
40 EMISSIONS Smoking in public areas Release of smoke and 27 Environmental
TO AIR chemicals to air Management System

40 WASTE Furniture waste due to damage, Segregated and stored for 43 Waste
obsolescence or unsuitability. reuse or recycling.

40 TRANSPORT Vehicles- leased vehicles Petrol and diesel use 55 Carbon -Transport

40 RESOURCE Procurement of FM office materials, including Use of natural resources 11 Sustainable

USE paper, stationery, furniture Procurement

40 RESOURCE Use of FM office materials, including paper, Use of natural resources 12 Sustainable
USE stationery, furniture, printed publications Procurement

39 RELEASES Water services & maintenance Chemical release to water 32 Water

TO WATER body

39 WASTE Clinical and lab waste - animal products, Segregated animal waste 53 Waste
genetically modified organisms/ cells or genetically modified
organisms/ cells waste
stream
39 WASTE Sealed and unsealed radiation emitting Release of Radiation 52 Waste
devices. emitting sources into the
trade waste system.

36 RESOURCE Grounds maintenance materials - including Use of natural resources 19 Sustainable

USE pesticides, paint, timber, fencing, machinery, Procurement
tyre pellets for playing fields

36 RELEASES Water run off from car parks or grounds Release of rainwater to 33 Environmental
TO WATER foul water drains Management System

36 ENERGY Catering equipment - Includes drinks Electricity consumption 5 Carbon

USE machines, vending machines, ovens, (from national grid) and
microwaves Gas consumption (ovens
etc)
36 WASTE Food waste - from caterers and also Organic waste ( food and 40 Waste
discarded by employees and students beverage) generation and
segregation (in kitchen
black liner bins). Sent
32 RESOURCE FM Construction and refurbishment Use of natural resources 16 Sustainable
USE materials, e.g. Those purchased directly by Procurement /
the FM team for on-site works Construction and
Refurbishment
32 ENERGY Small kitchenettes - toasters, microwaves, Electricity consumption 6 Carbon
USE fridge/freezer, (from national grid)

30 RESOURCE Mains water consumption for grounds, Potable/treated water 10 Water

USE refurbishment and minor works consumption.

30 RESOURCE Bottled mineral water including use of water Use of natural resources 15 Sustainable
USE coolers, FM and campus wide Procurement

30 WASTE Toner and printer cartridges collected for Segregated toner 39 Waste
reprocessing cartridges.

28 WASTE Garden waste Waste streams generated 50 Waste

from maintenance of
grounds

28 EMISSIONS Decorating, fittings and associated works - Release of pollutants to 29 0

TO AIR campus wide air from equipment,
materials, and use of
chemicals
27 RESOURCE Purchase of EEE (Electrical and Electronic Use of natural resources 17 Sustainable
USE Equipment) by FM team Procurement

27 TRANSPORT Student end and start of term travel Electricity, petrol or diesel 61 Carbon -Transport
consumption and
emission to air.

20 WASTE Hygiene and Sanitary waste Segregated hygiene and 42 Waste

sanitary waste for
collection

16 ENERGY Events - lights, running of machinery, etc Electricity consumption 8 Carbon

USE (from national grid) and
gas consumption

15 RESOURCE Catering crockery, cutlery purchase by Use of natural resources 14 Sustainable

USE catering and other contractors Procurement

12 EMISSIONS Use of photocopiers, printers, faxes, etc Release of pollutants to 21 Carbon

TO AIR air from equipment use

12 EMISSIONS Emissions from Cleaning activities -campus Release of pollutants to 26 0

TO AIR wide air from use of chemicals

12 WASTE Furniture reuse Avoiding the disposal of 44 Waste

furniture

10 EMISSIONS Extractor fans for commercial kitchens Odours and heat emitted, 30 0
TO AIR (tenants) potential biological growth
in extractor fan.

10 WASTE First aid & medical waste Segregated medical 41 Waste

waste

9 TRANSPORT Encouraging use of Public transport and Prevention of resource 58 Carbon -Transport
walking and cycling - includes intercampus consumption.
bus, train, bus, boat, light rail, tube, tram

6 EMISSIONS Emergency appliance use and maintenance Release of pollutants to 23 Environmental

TO AIR - campus wide air from equipment use Management System

0 0 RESOURCE USE (minimising use of water 0 8 0

other resources and the production of
waste)

0 0 EMISSIONS TO AIR 0 20 0
0 0 RELEASES TO WATER 0 30 0

0 0 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (including 0 37 0

releases to land)

0 0 TRANSPORT 0 53 0

0 0 NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 0 62 0

0 0 NUISANCE (for occupants and neighbours) 0 64 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0
Relevant procedures &
methods of control

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme
OC05 - oils and chemicals,
OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01
- Accident & Incident Reporting,
OC11 - Management of
Contractors
OC06 - Waste management

OC06 - Waste management

OC06 - Waste management

OC13 - Emissions to air

OC06 - Waste management

OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01

- Accident & Incident Reporting,
OC11 - Management of
Contractors; OC15 - Emergency
arrangements; OC05 - oils and
chemicals,

OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01

- Accident & Incident Reporting,
OC11 - Management of
Contractors; OC15 - Emergency
arrangements; OC05 - oils and
chemicals,

OC06 - Waste management

OC07 - Water management;

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC11 - Management of
Contractors, OC02 - Risk
assessments, OC05 - oils and
chemicals

OC05 - Oils and chemicals,

OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01
- Accident & Incident Reporting

OC08 - Transport

OC06 - Waste management

OC10 - Sustainable
construction; OC09 -
Sustainable Procurement; OC11
- Management of Contractors
OC03 - Carbon & energy
management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC06 - Waste management;

OC10 - Sustainable construction

OC08 - Transport

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use;
OC11 - Management of
Contractors
OC08 - Transport

OC08 - Transport

OC08 - Transport

OC13 - Emissions to air

OC13 - Emissions to air

OC06 - Waste management

OC08 - Transport

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01

-Accident & Incident Reporting,
OC11 - Management of
Contractors; OC07 - Water
OC06 - Waste management

OC13 - Emissions to air; OC16 -

Asbestos; OC10 - Sustainable
Construction

OC06 - Waste management

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC02 - Risk assessment, OC01

- Accident & Incident Reporting,
OC11 - Management of
Contractors
OC03 - Carbon & energy
management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC06 - Waste management

OC13 - Emissions to air

OC10 - Sustainable
construction; OC09 -
Sustainable Procurement

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC07 - Water management;

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC06 - Waste management

OC06 - Waste management

OC13 - Emissions to air; OC10 -

Sustainable Construction; OC09
- Sustainable Procurement

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use

OC08 - Transport

OC06 - Waste management

OC03 - Carbon & energy

management; 0C04 CRC
Energy Efficiency Scheme

OC09 - Sustainable
Procurement and resource use;
OC11 - Management of
Contractors
OC13 - Emissions to air

OC13 - Emissions to air; OC05 -

Oil and Chemicals

OC06 - Waste management

OC13 - Emissions to air; OC11 -

Management of Contractors

OC06 - Waste management

OC08 - Transport

OC13 - Emissions to air

PR01 Identification of Environmental Aspects and Impacts Procedure
pacts Procedure
Prepared by Upstream King Surge 30 Warwick Street Printed: 07/05/2024

Glossary of terms
Impact Description
Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms: the different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Humans and all other living organisms are dependent on biodiversity for their survival and quality of life, as it plays a crucial role in stabilising natural systems. For example, the maintenance and
Biodiversity regulation of atmospheric quality, climate, fresh water, marine productivity, soil formation, cycling of nutrients and waste disposal are all underpinned by healthy ecosystems. Plants and animals also play a key role in maintaining economic systems by providing food, medicines, energy, building materials, and, for some areas, attracting tourists.
The most significant impediment to the conservation and management of biodiversity is the effects of the human population's activities on it (e.g. habitat destruction through land clearance; species destruction through pollution etc.).

Climate Change is widely recognised as one of the most significant environmental threats facing the planet. Temperature on Earth is maintained by the 'greenhouse effect', whereby radiant heat from the Sun is captured by 'greenhouse' gases in the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour), thus
maintaining the temperature of the Earth's surface. The global temperature, in turn, regulates the climate. The Earth's climate is not constant, and changes naturally over time, mainly due to variations in the Earth's orbit. However, the current rate of global climatic change is far greater than naturally occurring change, and the consensus of
Climate change scientific opinion is that this is due to human activities causing unnatural quantities of greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide, to accumulate in the atmosphere. Since 1800, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has risen from 270 to 370 parts per million - higher now than at any time for 20 million years. Carbon dioxide
emissions are most commonly associated with the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) for energy generation and manufacturing/production processes. It is predicted that the impacts of climate change in the UK will include warmer, wetter winters, increased drought in summer months, and more frequent extreme weather conditions. Climate
change is also predicted to cause sea levels to rise, making low-lying coastal areas prone to flooding.

On many potential development sites in the UK, previous activities have led to the deliberate or accidental release or disposal of substances onto the land that may pose a risk to humans, ecological systems, produce, livestock or buildings. The severity of contamination depends on the potential for the substance to cause harm, and the
Contaminated availability of a 'pathway' to connect a contamination source with a sensitive 'receptor' that would be harmed by the contamination. Receptors include humans, flora, fauna, the atmosphere, water, and soil. One example of a source-pathway-receptor linkage could be the spillage of a toxic chemical from a storage site (the source), that seeps
land/groundwater through the soil towards an aquifer (the pathway) which provides drinking water for a nearby town (receptor).

Emissions to air, land or water refers to the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, the ground or a watercourse that could occur while carrying out an activity. A pollutant, or emission, is released as a direct result of that activity, may be emitted in solid, liquid or gaseous form and is poisonous or toxic to the receptor(s). Receptors include
Emissions to humans, flora, fauna, the atmosphere, water and soil. The severity of an emission depends on the potential for the substance to cause harm, and the availability of a 'pathway' to connect a contamination source with a sensitive receptor that would be harmed by the emission. It is often the accumulation of a pollutant that causes harm. For
air/land/water example, a petrol-fuelled car emits a mixture of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur. One receptor of the carbon dioxide is the atmosphere, where accumulation of carbon dioxide above natural levels is the main driver of climate change. Another receptor of emissions to air from a car is humans, as over time,
exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide and sulphur can cause respiratory conditions. Accidents and unplanned events, for example a spillage of oil or fuel, could pollute the soil, groundwater, or water course causing pollution.

Flooding is a naturally occurring phenomenon that plays a vital role in replenishing river systems, recharging aquifers and depositing nutrient-rich sediment on flood plains. However, it is also extremely damaging to property and transport infrastructure, and the susceptibility of a site to flooding will be a key issue to any prospective developer.
Flood risk Flood risk is an issue of growing importance for two reasons; firstly, a shortage of land means that there is increasing pressure to develop in flood-prone areas; and secondly, warmer, wetter winters and increased storm frequency as a result of climate change will increase the frequency and severity of flood events. Flooding is already a
significant problem in some areas of the UK, where urbanisation has reduced the capacity of a river system to naturally absorb water during periods of heavy rainfall. These areas will become particularly vulnerable as climate change alters the nature and frequency of rainfall in the UK.

Hazardous materials are those that have the potential to harm either people or the natural environment. A wide range of materials used in the construction and maintenance of buildings are classed as hazardous, such as paints (which may contain Volatile Organic Compounds that can cause respiratory conditions in humans) and solvents
Hazardous (which can injure humans if in direct contact with skin, and would be extremely harmful to flora and fauna if they entered a wildlife habitat such as a stream). A common hazardous material often encountered in old buildings is asbestos, a potentially lethal hazard for humans, as when disturbed it can release fibres which can then enter the lungs
materials and cause lung cancer or respiratory conditions.

According to DEFRA, Hazardous waste is essentially waste that contains hazardous properties that may render it harmful to human health or the Environment. Hazardous waste, prior to July 2005, was termed 'special waste' in England and Wales. Hazardous waste includes lead acid batteries, fluorescent tubes and possible ink or paint. If you
are unsure if a material is classified as 'hazardous', refer to:
Hazardous waste • The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 (HWR);
• The List of Waste Regulations 2005 (LoWR).

Health and well- In the UK, people spend on average around 90% of their time in buildings, or within the built environment. The internal environment of a building can therefore have a significant impact upon the health and wellbeing of its occupants. For example, many pollutants can arise from materials used in the building fabric and building services, so
being adequate ventilation is necessary to ensure the health of occupants is not affected. Similarly, poor lighting can lead to headaches and eyestrain, so provision of high quality artificial and natural lighting may avoid these impacts.

There are a number of environmental impacts that could be classed as a nuisance, the most notable being noise, vibration, and dust. Noise is an environmental impact that is often overlooked, but can have a significant detrimental effect on quality of life for people. At its most extreme, exposure to high levels of noise can result in health
problems, such as tinnitus. However, comparatively low levels of noise can also affect people psychologically, leading to stress or depression - this may be particularly true for people who are subject to persistent unwanted noise in their homes. Vibration is linked to noise and is often generated by heavy vehicle movements, compaction and
Nuisance noise waves which can cause disturbances to flora, fauna plus reduce quality of life for people in the vicinity of the impact. Dust is a common problem during construction or demolition, and its impact can range from being an inconvenience (e.g. dust settling on people's cars or gardens in the surrounding area) to a health hazard (e.g. by
reducing air quality and triggering respiratory illness). In some cases the material causing the dust could prove to be hazardous, in which case wind borne particles could be a significant risk to people down-wind of a site without access to breathing apparatus.

Natural resources range from minerals such as iron ore, through to aggregates and timber. Some of the activities involved in gaining the natural materials before the manufacturing of office products and supplies are potentially extremely damaging to the environment, such as open cast mining, or rainforest deforestation. This can be particularly
Material true when the materials originate from developing countries, where legislation protecting the environment may be weak or poorly enforced. Timber is probably the natural resource with the highest profile amongst environmental campaigners, as buyers in America and Europe are often blamed for demanding tropical hardwoods for use in
specification buildings or furniture, which in turn provides an incentive for logging companies to push deep into rainforests such as the Amazon searching for appropriate timber. Tropical rainforests are among the most important areas on Earth in terms of biodiversity, and play an important role in regulating global climate - ensuring their protection is
therefore a paramount concern for environmental groups.
(Resource
depletion)
Nevertheless, timber can be harvested sustainable, using techniques that minimise damage to the surrounding forest and replanting trees to replace those that have been removed. The same applies to other materials - for example there are those mining companies that are responsible, and work to minimise the negative impacts of their
activities, but there are also companies that don't. Similarly, with materials that involve an energy-intensive manufacturing process, such as glass and cement, there may be differences in the approach to energy use by different manufacturers.

Water use Despite the UK's climate, water is a natural resource of surprising scarcity. There are limits to the amount of natural and artificial capacities for storage, and with a high population density there is a relatively small amount of water available to each person. Water consumption is potentially sustainable, provided that there is sufficient rainfall in the
(Resource winter months to refill the aquifers and reservoirs that supply the water. However, demand for water often exceeds supply, particularly in the summer months - a problem that is being exacerbated by the effects of climate change, with drought becoming an increasingly common occurrence. When drought occurs, over-abstraction from aquifers
depletion) can lower the levels of rivers and lakes, damaging or destroying wildlife habitats. Areas such as wetlands are particularly vulnerable. Furthermore, reduced river flows can reduce the flow of nutrients and minerals into the sea, which can then impact upon fisheries that depend on these nutrients.

Raw and Natural

Resource All consumption depletes natural resources, some of which is finite. Beyond resource depletion, consumption has knock on effects associated with manufacture, distribution and disposal. The lifecycle of goods consumed is therefore linked to upstream impact
Consumption

Transport impacts upon the environment in a number of different ways. Most significantly, transport is one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide, and therefore a major contributor to climate change. This is particularly true for air travel, the most polluting form of transport, and road travel, the most common form of transport in the UK. Road
transport accounts for over 90% of passenger travel in the UK, and about 80% of the freight moved (in tonnes), with the majority of passenger travel by private car. The numbers of cars on the road in the UK have been steadily increasing - for example in 1970 there were just fewer than 10 million private cars, by 2002 this figure had risen to 24
million. While modern cars are vastly less polluting than their predecessors, improvements in emissions per car have been more than offset by the growing numbers of cars on the road. Cars also produce other emissions, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, which reduce air quality and can lead to respiratory illnesses.
Transport impacts
Other impacts arising from transport include resource depletion and loss of greenfield land in building transport infrastructure, air pollution, noise and traffic congestion. These impacts can be concentrated and therefore more severe in certain areas, such as around airports, in city centres and alongside major roads. After reducing the need to
travel, the next most effective method of reducing transport impacts, particularly road transport impacts, is to increase the use of public transport (particularly rail), and for shorter journeys, walking and cycling. It is estimated that the average carbon emissions per passenger kilometre for different forms of transport are as follows: short-hall air -
330grams/km, car - 114grams/km, bus - 77grams/km, rail - 73grams/km. Walking and cycling are emission-free.

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Prepared by Upstream King Surge 30 Warwick Street Printed: 07/05/2024

The UK produces over 430 million tonnes of waste each year. Waste is any substance or material that is either degraded or not used at all by the organisation and is therefore discarded. Waste can be in the form of solid or liquid waste, water effluent, air emissions and energy lost. When waste is discarded, the natural resources and energy
embodied within the substance or material are also being discarded. Waste is therefore a needless loss of substance or materials, which is often costly and has negative environmental effects. Firstly replacing an old item with a new one can generate waste. Secondly there are environmental impacts associated with extracting the resources,
manufacturing and distributing the new item. These negative environmental effects can be avoided by reusing the item, for example by recovering wooden floorboards from an old building due to be demolished, in order that they may be used in another building. If an item cannot be reused, it may be possible to recycle it (e.g. crush concrete to
Waste create aggregate), or recover the energy from the product (e.g. the energy retained within organic material such as wood can be burned in a bio-fuel generator to create electricity). If reusing or recycling a redundant item is not possible, disposal will be necessary but this should be the last option.
The main waste disposal method in the UK is landfill yet landfill space is limited. There are a number of environmental impacts associated with landfill sites,
including loss of greenfield sites, emissions to air, land and water. Incinerators offer an alternative to landfill, though these too result in emissions to air.

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