5 STOICHIOMETRY

A. WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATION

1. Chemical Reaction can be written in the form of equation.

2. Equation can be written in :
 ___________ equations

 ___________ equations ( using formula - mostly used , give more information)

3. Example of equation.

Word equation : Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas Water

(g) = gas “and” = “heat” (I) = liquid

Chemical equation : 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O(l)

Reactants Products
4. State symbols
State symbol shows the ________________ of the reactants & products.

Physical states State symbol

Solid
Liquid ( for water only)
Gas
Aqueous
(dissolved in water/ in solution)

5. Balancing Equations

a. A formula/chemical equations MUST be BALANCED.

This means that the no. of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of
the equation.
Try this simple exercise .

State the no. of atoms for each element present in the following compounds.

Compounds No. of atom for Compounds No. of atom for Compounds No. of atom for
each element each element each element
a. Na2CO3 d. 2KOH g. 2(NH4) 2SO4
b. 2 Na2CO3 e. NH4OH h. 2ZnCl2
c. Ca(OH)2 f. 2CuSO4 i. 3Mg(NO3)2

Below is an example on how to balance a Chemical equation .

H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O(l)

We can see in this case that there is one oxygen atom less on the right-hand side of the
equation. The equation is NOT BALANCED.

Try to balance the equation by :

 Putting “2” in front of H2O on the right-hand side of the equation
 Putting “2” in front of H2 on the left-hand side of the equation

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l)

The equation is now BALANCED.

Note : When balancing an equation :

 a number can only be placed in front of the formula .
 the formula CANNOT be change.

Exercise 2 : Balance the following equations.

1. Na + Cl2  NaCl

2. Mg + O2  MgO

3. Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2

4. CuO + C  Cu + CO2

5. Ca + O2  CaO

6. Cl2 + NaBr  NaCl + Br2

7. HNO3+ ZnO  Zn(NO3) 2 + H2O

8. H2SO4 + NaOH  Na2SO4 + H2O

9. HCl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + H2O

10. Na2O + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O

11. Al + Fe2O3  Fe + Al2O3

12. Na2CO3 + HCl  NaCl + H2O + CO2

13. CO + O2  CO2

14. CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

15. ZnO + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O

16. K + H2O  KOH + H2

17. Mg + H2O  Mg(OH)2 + H2

18. Ca + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2

19. MgCO3 + HCl  MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O

20. CaCO3 + HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Exercise 3 : Balance the following equations.
1. _____ Cu + _____ HNO3  ______ Cu(NO3)2 + _____ NO + _____ H2O

2. _____C + _____ CuO  _____Cu + _____ CO2

3. _____ Fe2O3 + _____ H2SO4  _____ Fe2(SO4)3 + ____H2O

4. ____ NH3 + ____ H2SO4  ____ (NH4)2SO4

5. ____ N2 + ____ F2  ____ NF3

6. _____CH4 + _____ O2  _____CO2 + _____H2O

7. ____C4H10 + _____O2  _____CO2 + _____ H2O

8. _____ C4H9OH + _____ O2  _____ CO2 + _____H2O

9. ____ P4 + ____ O2  ____ P2O3

10. _____Fe2O3 + ____CO  ____ Fe + _____CO2

11. ____ N2 + ____ H2  ____ NH3

12. ____ Al + ____ HCl  ____ H2 + ____ AlCl3

13. _____Al2O3  _____Al + _____ O2

14. ______ C16H34  _____C2H4 + ______C2H6

15. ____ AgNO3 + ____ Cu  ____ Cu(NO3)2 + ____ Ag

16. _____SiO2 + ____C  _____ CO + _____SiC

17. ____Li + _____ H2O  _____LiOH + _____ H2

18. _____N2H4 + _____H2O2  _____N2 + ____H2O

19. ____ Na3PO4 + ____ CaCl2  ____ NaCl + ____ Ca3(PO4)2

20. ____ Pb(OH)2 + ____ HCl  ____ H2O + ____ PbCl2