Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction to Social Problems 10th Edition Sullivan Test Bank instant download all chapter
Introduction to Social Problems 10th Edition Sullivan Test Bank instant download all chapter
https://testbankdeal.com/product/introduction-to-social-
problems-10th-edition-sullivan-solutions-manual/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-a-down-to-earth-
approach-12th-edition-henslin-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-7th-edition-
macionis-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-14th-edition-
eitzen-test-bank/
Social Problems 6th Edition Macionis Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-6th-edition-
macionis-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-3rd-edition-
best-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-problems-14th-edition-
kornblum-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/investigating-social-
problems-2nd-edition-trevino-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/think-social-problems-2nd-
edition-carl-test-bank/
Chapter 06 – Poverty
Answer: a
2. Martha, a single parent, finds it difficult to pay for her three children's school tuition with the salary
she gets from waitressing. Based on this information, Martha would be considered poor under the
________ definition of poverty.
a. relative
b. absolute
c. cultural
d. comparative
Answer: c
Answer: d
81
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
a. the poor in the United States are worse off today than they were 55 years ago
b. the poor in the United States are identified as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor
c. poverty has become less chronic
d. poverty has become less dysfunctional
Answer: a
5. The ________ definition of poverty views poverty not only in terms of how many resources people
have but also in terms of why they have failed to achieve a higher economic level.
a. imperial
b. cultural
c. relative
d. absolute
Answer: b
6. Which of the following is a true statement about the cultural definition of poverty?
a. It excludes people who are defined as poor based solely on economic criteria..
b. It identifies the poor as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor.
c. It applies strict economic definitions to explain the ethnic influence of poverty.
d. It states that poverty has become less chronic.
Answer: b
7. Which of the following is considered a major reason for persistently high poverty among children
in the United States?
a. There are more children being born to unmarried mothers.
b. There is an increase in the male death rate.
c. There are more children being born to uneducated parents.
d. There is an increase in the unemployment rate among males.
Answer: a
82
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objective: 6.2 Elaborate on the social characteristics and the social circumstances of the
poor in the United States.
Topic: Who Are The Poor?
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1–Easy
8. Poverty among the elderly in the United States is much higher in figures for ________.
a. Hispanic American elders
b. Asian elders
c. African American men
d. American Indian men
Answer: a
9. Which of the following trends has caused an increase in the percentage of homeless families in the
United States?
a. an increase in the number of industrial jobs that pay a living wage
b. the flight of jobs from the cities where poor people live
c. an increase in the number of children being born to unmarried mothers
d. the need for specialization in the job market
Answer: b
10. ________ has linked homelessness with the trends in health-care institutions of the United States.
a. The decline in chronicity of mental illness
b. The process of deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill
c. The process of cyclically reimbursing the mentally ill
d. The decline in demand for mental hospital beds
Answer: b
11. Susan believes that janitors should receive lesser pay than doctors because janitors perform tasks
that are less useful. Susan has a________ perspective on poverty.
a. functionalist
83
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
b. fundamentalist
c. conflict
d. behavioral
Answer: a
Answer: c
13. ________ refers to the increase in the rates of unemployment caused by economic changes that
are brought about by technological innovation.
a. Absolute deprivation
b. Relative deprivation
c. Structural unemployment
d. Cyclical unemployment
Answer: c
Answer: d
84
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the causes of poverty as considered by each of the theoretical
perspectives in sociology.
Topic: The Causes of Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2–Moderate
15. A difference between the functionalist perspective on poverty and the conflict perspective on
poverty is that ________.
a. the conflict perspective views poverty as a personal problem rather than a societal one, whereas the
functionalist perspective views poverty as a societal problem rather than a personal one
b. the conflict perspective says that inflation can only be reduced by increasing the unemployment
rate, whereas the functionalist perspective says that inflation can never be reduced by increasing
unemployment rate
c. the conflict perspective says that society is made up of many interrelated and interdependent parts,
whereas the functionalist perspective says that society is made up of only a few interrelated and
independent parts
d. the conflict perspective says that inequitable distribution of resources has little to do with rewarding
talent, whereas the functionalist perspective says that inequitable distribution of resources exists to
reward talent
Answer: d
16. In relation to social mobility, the stratification system in the United States is characterized by
________.
a. a high degree of occupational inheritance
b. vast differences in the socioeconomic statuses of parents and children
c. a smaller gap between the educational success of the rich and the poor
d. high levels of instability
Answer: a
17. Mark believes that his friend Timothy, an African American, is poor because of the cultural
orientation of his people. Which of the following sociological perspectives on poverty is shown in the
given scenario?
a. functionalist perspective
b. behavioral perspective
c. conflict perspective
d. interactionist perspective
Answer: d
85
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Question Title: TB_06_17 The Causes of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.3
Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the causes of poverty as considered by each of the theoretical
perspectives in sociology.
Topic: The Causes of Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 3–Hard
18. Which of the following is a fact that invalidates the culture of poverty thesis?
a. It applies only to a limited number of poor people.
b. It only takes into account the flaws of the societal systems.
c. It applies only to the deserving poor.
d. It does not take into account the character flaws of the poor.
Answer: a
19. ________ is a situation in which everyone or nearly everyone who wants to work can find a job.
a. Full employment
b. Strategic employment
c. Relative deprivation
d. Social mobility
Answer: a
Answer: b
21. The Head Start program is based on the belief that ________.
86
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
a. poor people are unambitious and lack initiative
b. people who live in poverty develop a cultural orientation that helps them adapt to their life
circumstances
c. the intergenerational cycle of poverty is a myth
d. people fail in life because their access to conventional channels to success is blocked
Answer: d
22. Which of the following is a difference between the Head Start program and WIN (Work Incentive
Program)?
a. Head Start is an indirect long-term approach, whereas WIN provides temporary public service jobs.
b. Head Start provides jobs for the homeless, whereas WIN aims to improve the durability of poor
workers.
c. Head Start is a direct short-term approach, whereas WIN is an indirect short-term approach.
d. Head Start provides jobs to retired veterans, whereas WIN increases employee motivation.
Answer: a
23. Which of the following is a characteristic of job programs such as Work Incentive Program (WIN)
and Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)?
a. They provide every unemployed poor person with a permanent job.
b. They help in the elimination of poverty.
c. They provide on-the-job training and temporary public service jobs.
d. They fail to take unemployed females into consideration.
Answer: c
87
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
d. It provides retired veterans with on-the-job training.
Answer: c
25. Which of the following is a true statement about social insurance programs?
a. They are exclusively meant to assist the uninsured poor.
b. There is no minimum income to be eligible for these programs.
c. People cannot obtain outside insurance if they are part of a social insurance program.
d. They are specifically started for college students who are temporarily and willingly poor.
Answer: b
26. Shane was an assembly line worker at an automobile factory. An accident at the factory left him
disabled. Which of the following programs is can help Shane?
a. Job Corps
b. Social Security
c. Supplemental Security Income
d. Head Start
Answer: b
Answer: c
88
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the social programs and policies that have been considered or
implemented in efforts to reduce poverty in the United States, and assess how effectively they have
achieved their goals.
Topic: Future Prospects
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2–Moderate
28. Ronald, a sociologist, claims that public assistance programs have lost support from the majority
of the United States population. Which of the following is the reason behind Ronald's claim?
a. Many individuals have been dropped from public-assistance rolls in the past two decades.
b. Public assistance programs only support people who are defined as the deserving poor.
c. There is frustration over the continuing growth in welfare costs.
d. They are perceived as disproportionately supporting the majority white population.
Answer: c
29. A person who feels that poverty programs are ineffective is most likely to agree with the fact that
________.
a. poverty programs are designed by people who are not poor
b. poverty programs target the undeserving poor as well as the deserving poor
c. a majority of the poor are unambitious and irresponsible
d. policy makers and the poor have interests that are very similar
Answer: a
30. Mason believes that a coalition of poor groups and civil rights organizations could be an effective
weapon for alleviating poverty. However, Steve, his friend, disagrees with him. Which of the
following is the reason for Steve's disagreement?
a. Many of the programs intended to alleviate poverty have been designed by politicians, economists,
sociologists, and other experts who are not themselves poor.
b. According to research, majority of the poor people are unthinking, unambitious, irresponsible, and
possibly even dangerous social misfits.
c. Such a coalition could create a backlash against the poor and create substantial reductions in public
assistance.
d. This coalition could fail since civil rights organizations and poor groups do not have any common
goals.
Answer: c
89
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Question Title: TB_06_30 Future Prospects, Analyze, LO 6.4
Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the social programs and policies that have been considered or
implemented in efforts to reduce poverty in the United States, and assess how effectively they have
achieved their goals.
Topic: Future Prospects
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3–Hard
Short Answers
31. How can the relative nature of poverty be taken into account?
Answer: To take the relative nature of poverty into account, one suggestion might be to define the
poor as those families who are on the lowest end of the income scale, say the 15 percent of people
with the lowest income. Or the poor may be defined as people in those families with incomes less than
one-third of the median household income in the United States.
Answer: The use of the absolute definition of poverty in many social policy decisions reflects the
belief of many that the government should provide equal opportunities for people to achieve resources
rather than ensure an equitable distribution of those resources. In this view, the government's role is to
provide people with the minimum necessary resources that will enable them to achieve on their own.
33. Describe a key factor responsible for the poverty of racial and ethnic minorities.
Answer: A key factor responsible for the poverty of racial and ethnic minorities has been oppression
and discrimination. After the abolition of slavery, African Americans experienced decades of severe
oppression during which it was difficult for black families to advance from poverty. American Indians
have confronted some unique problems in the form of the reservation system and the Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA), which were intended to work for the benefit of Indians but seem instead to have
worked to their disadvantage.
34. Describe the reasons for high poverty among children in the United States.
90
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Answer: Children living in large families are especially likely to live in poverty. This is because
economic resources must be spread more thinly in a large family and because the mother is less able
to work outside the home when she has many children. A major reason for the persistently high
poverty among children is changes in the family structure in the United States—higher divorce rates,
more children born to unmarried women, and more female-headed families.
35. Why is income from earned work essential for many poor families to support themselves?
Answer: Only 20 percent of poor families receive cash public-assistance income, although others
receive such government assistance as unemployment benefits, Social Security payments, disability
assistance, government pensions, and the like. Thirty percent of all poor families receive no noncash
benefits, such as food stamps or Medicaid, from the government. So, income earned from work is
essential for many poor families to support themselves.
36. Mention the facts that contradict the popular image that many people have of the poor as able-
bodied people who are unwilling to work.
Answer: Many poor people do work at low-paying or part-time jobs. Among the poor who do not
work at all, one half of them are either ill, disabled, or retired. Another one-third are in school or are
looking for but cannot find work. Others are prevented from working by child rearing or other family
obligations. Still others have given up on trying to find work after years with no success.
Answer: Some of the unemployed become eligible for welfare assistance when unemployment
benefits end, but not all unemployed are eligible for welfare. To be eligible, people may have to sell
their homes and use up most of their savings. Temporary unemployment, then, could devastate a
family that had worked and accumulated resources over the years.
91
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1–Easy
Answer: The existence of poverty ensures that society's "dirty work" will be done. Poverty subsidizes
many of the activities of the more affluent because the poor are willing to work for low wages. It also
creates jobs for all those people who serve the poor, such as social workers, or who protect society
from them, such as police and corrections officers.
39. Explain why social mobility in the United States is mostly short range.
Answer: For the most part, children tend to take jobs that are not too different in socioeconomic status
from those of their parents. Furthermore, children of the affluent have much greater access to a good
education, which has become a key requirement for success.
40. What are income-maintenance programs? Mention the two general categories of income-
maintenance programs.
Answer: Modern governments have taken on the responsibility of assisting those in need through a
variety of programs called income-maintenance programs that provide them with some minimal level
of resources. In the United States, these programs can be divided into two general categories: social
insurance and public assistance.
92
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
seisoi hänen edessään ja näytti niin hyväntahtoiselta,
elämänhaluiselta.
Kun Maria sitte hetkisen jälkeen yksin kulki kotiinpäin kapeaa tietä,
joka johti tehtaalle, tuntui hänestä äskeinen kohtaus unelta. Usean
kerran kääntyi hän matkallaan ympäri katsellen metsään katoavaa
vaaleaa kesäpukua. Hän tunsi sydämessään oudon tunteen, jota
hän ei ollut milloinkaan ennen tuntenut, ja siitä päivästä alkoi hänen
elämässään uusi käänne: hän oppi rakastamaan. Kohtaukset
metsässä "lempipaikalla" jatkuivat sitte joka päivä ja niiden aikaa
pidennettiin yhä enemmän, mitä lähemmäs syksy tuli, kunnes Erikin
matka Upsalaan ne äkkiä keskeytti. Mutta ennenkuin se hetki tuli, oli
kaksi henkilöä kohdannut toisensa tuossa synkässä metsässä —
kallion kielekkeellä, humisevien honkien keskellä — se tapahtui
eräänä kauniina elokuun iltana, kuun kalpeassa valossa, keijukaisten
tanssiessa puiden oksilla. Siellä olivat he silloin viettäneet elämänsä
onnellisimman hetken — he kaksi nimittäin — Erik Bohrman ja Maria
Rudman — koko Norlannissa tunnettujen ikuisten vihollisten lapset.
*****
— Miten pikku Mari jaksaa tänään? On kai ikävää olla näin yksin.
— Hän kosketti kädellään kevyesti ja miellyttävästi Marian poskea.
— Tule istumaan tänne! — Rouva Bohrman osoitti paikkaa, jonka
Maria äsken oli jättänyt. — Minulla on hiukan puhumista kanssasi.
*****
— hän siirtyi niin lähelle tyttöä kuin mahdollista, — sen vuoksi olen
tullut pyytämään, ettette matkustaisi pois, vaan jäisitte tänne —
minun luokseni.
Nyt se oli sanottu. Maria oli istunut liikahtamatta katsellen kauvas
metsään. Luutnantti Elving koetti vetää häntä luokseen ja jatkoi
vapisevalla äänellä:
*****
Maria teki heikon estävän liikkeen, jonka herra Asker käsitti vain
ihastuttavan ujouden ilmaisuksi.
— Kas niin! Kas niin! Teillä on kyllä aikaa hetkinen, pikku neiti, kun
minullakin on "aikaa" olla pari tuntia konttorista poissa ainoastaan
saadakseni tilaisuuden puhella kanssanne.
2.
— Olipa se kiltisti tehty, Villy, että tulit vastaan, sanoi Agnes lyöden
veljeään olalla.
— No niin… no… kyllähän… Enhän minäkään raudasta ole. Oli
muutakin asiaa tänne rantaan. En ollut varma, jos jo tässä veneessä
tulisitte, mutta tulittepahan.
Mutta Emmy oli tulkinnut Agnesin ajatukset ääneen eikä tämä sen
vuoksi saattanut olla harmista vapisevalla äänellä jatkamatta:
— Mutta Emmy on oikeassa, ihan oikeassa, Kaarlo on
sietämättömin olento, jonka tunnen — ei voi tulla kysymykseenkään,
että hän uhraisi pari tuntia päivästä pitääkseen meille seuraa.
Ehdottaa hänelle sitä tai tätä, niin aina on hän äärettömän väsynyt —
raukka! On työskennellyt kovasti konttorissa, ei jaksa — poloinen!
Mutta istua päivät ja yöt ravintoloissa — sitä hän kyllä jaksaa. Siellä
viettää hän näihin aikoihin joka ainoan vapaahetkensä. Koti ja
omaiset eivät hänestä ole muuta kuin nollan arvoisia. Usch! Se on
sopimatonta vakaantuneelle, naineelle miehelle!