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Lecture 4 - Week 4
Revision

Last week you wrote your first test, you were given an isometric drawing with dimensions and you
converted it into an orthographic drawing by showing THREE views using 3rd angle orthographic
projection. Your drawings showed the correct use of lines, the correct positions of THREE primary
views and the symbol for 3rd angle orthographic projection.

If you are not sure how to do this, then please read and work through my previous lecture notes.

Ok, now we can move on and learn about drawing isometric and orthographic views without the
use of drawing instruments. There are many occasions when you as an Engineer need to explain
your ideas using only a pencil and a sheet of paper, for example when you meet with a client in a
remote power plant in a factory to discuss a product that you are designing.

The best way to see how to do free-hand sketching is by watching a few video tutorials and then
trying it out for yourself. I have posted THREE YouTube videos for you to watch.

Free-hand engineering drawings

Here are a few drawings which I made using only a pencil and a rubber.
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Worksheet 8

Divide one side of your A3 sheet into FOUR parts and then sketch the FOUR drawings as shown
above, start by drawing the small isometric drawing and then the orthographic views.. Do not use
any drawing equipment.

Sectioned Orthographic Drawings

Once you have completed the FOUR drawings, we will move on to learn about sectioned
orthographic drawings. When we draw sectioned views we have to imagine that the object is cut
in half or a small piece is cut out and then we draw 45 degree section lines inside the one half as
shown below. We make use of a cutting plane line A - A to show us where to cut the part.

Example showing a half- sectioned view of a machine part

Source : google.com
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Here are some photos of sectioned views

There are THREE basic rules to remember about sectioning any view and I will outline them here.

Rule 1
Never draw section lines through a bolt, nut, key, rib or a hole.

Rule 2
If a part of an object is already drawn at 45 degrees, then use a different angle to show your
section lines.

Rule 3
Hidden lines become solid lines and darker lines disappear.

Rule 4
Only draw section lines where the object is cut

Notice the PART that was cut-out of this object.

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Example 1 - Part Sectional Drawing

Example 2 - Half Sectional Drawing

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Example 3 - Half Sectional Drawing

Source google.com

Example 4 - Offset and Half-Sectional Drawings

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Source google.com

Photo of a machine part

Sectioned views of the machine part drawn free-hand

Notice the cutting planes (lines) A-A and B-B

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Another free-hand sectioned sketch of a machine part

Notice the cutting planes (lines) A-A and B-B

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Worksheet 9

Using the reverse side of your A3 sheet, and divide your A3 sheet into FOUR parts again and then
start by sketching the sectioned V-Block in the first space without using any drawing instruments.

Worksheet 10

Sketch free-hand the following sectioned views in the remaining THREE spaces in your A3 sheet
without using drawing instruments.
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Note to students

With practice, you will soon become good at free-hand sketching, it is a very useful skill for an
engineer to have. Worksheets 8, 9 and 10 must be submitted to me by 7 May please.

Sometimes engineers like to use 3D isometric grid paper as shown below to help them when
constructing free-hand isometric drawings.