Professional Documents
Culture Documents
module 3
module 3
Architecture
Delhi Imperial Mughal Period
11th Century AD 16TH Century AD
Colonial
Slave Babur
Architecture
Khilji Humayun
Arrival of British
Tughlak Akbar
Later colonial (20th
Sayyid Jehangir
Indus Century AD)
Lodhi Post
Valley Independence
Aryans
Modernist
Buddhists
Provincial Contemporary
Various Mughal Period
Hindu Styles 18THCentury AD
Empires 14th Century AD Shahjahan
Ahmedabad Aurangzeb
Jaunpur
Bengal
Bijapur
2
TIME LINE OF MUGHAL RULERS
3
•In AD 1526, on the striating battle fields of Panipat the Babur
“
defeated the last Lodi rulers, Sultan Ibrahim and founded the
Mughal rule in India.
7
• The first Mughal building of note to be constructed in India.
15
16
SACRED COMPLEX
17
1.BULAND DARWAZA
18
• Its is a huge structure and Strength is found because of
scale.
• 42 feet height filled with steep flight of steps.
• Darwaza was built to celebrate continuous victory.
• Scale - Monumental from outside and Human scale from inside.
• Back side parapet into two parts.
• Large central face and smaller sides faces.
• Large arched recess in the centre, the semi dome of which is
carried on 5 surfaces in the form of a half decagon down to
ground.
• Sand stone material.
• Symmetry.
19
20
21
2.TOMB OF SALIM CHISTI
22
• The tomb of Salim Chisti is located in the courtyard of the Jami Masjid at
Fatehpur Sikri, its construction beginning along with the mosque in A.D. 1571.
structure sometime during the end of Jahangir’s reign and the beginning of Shah
Jahan’s reign as per the style of the period, and thus creates a contrast with the
grandiose, massive and purposeful nature of the structures surrounding it with its
own light and airy nature which gives an appearance of chiseled, polished and
fretted exquisiteness.
23
• The tomb consists of a square exterior of 24’ side which contains a
• A wide verandah is carried around the outside, its roof supported by pillars
with the interspaces filled with perforated screens, the whole measuring 48’
square.
24
• There are carved brackets all around to support the extremely wide eaves.
• The pillars forming the porch with their honeycomb capitals and the brackets
springing from their patterned shafts are its distinctive features. The brackets
or struts are unique as they consist of serpentine volutes with the spaces between
the curves filled in with perforated foliations, having the appearance of carved
ivory than chiseled marble. Their prototype can be seen in the temples of Gujarat.
25
26
27
3.JAMA MASJID,FATEHPUR SIKRI
28
1.The Jami Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar in A.D. 1571.
7.A range of pillared kiosks all along the entire parapet breaks the
skyline.
9.The aisles are accessed through archways from the nave and
correspond to the arcaded wings of the façade. In the centre of each of
the aisles is a small chapel, covered by one of the two smaller domes.
32
1.DIWAN-I-KHAS
33
• Theology (the study of the nature of God and religious belief)
happened in Diwan – I – Khas.
• It has pillared Kiosk.
• It has big column in the centre where emperor sat on top.
• 36 columns surrounding one column.
• It has 4 bridges connecting (galleries surrounding main
space).
• It was the birth place of Din – I – Elahi.
• Diwan – I - Khas is the hall of private audience.
• 2 stories flat terraced roof pillared kiosks at each corner.
• Principle architecture features include:-
• Large and substaintial pillar occupying central position with
massive expanding capital supporting circular stone platform.
• Sqaure plan.
• Has balcony/chajjas with brackets.
34
35
2. JODHA BAI’S PALACE
36
• Jodh Bai’s Palace is a structure built as the house of the principal queen and discloses
• The palace in plan measures 320’ X 215’, consisting of a large central courtyard
with buildings arranged around its periphery. The only entrance is through a
• The external wall is 32’ high, plain and forbidding on the exterior, the buildings attached
• The outer façade of the wall is only interrupted thrice, once by the gatehouse on the east,
the hanging pavilion of Hawa Mahal on the north and service and bathing apartments on
the south. 37
• Most of the buildings, places symmetrically around the square courtyard are two storeyed, with
open terraced roofs at regular intervals.
• In the middle of each side and at each corner the structures rise up into separate blocks. Each of these
blocks is a self-contained suite of living rooms, with corridors and passages communicating with each
block on the ground floor. Each group of apartments could be divided off from the others, while the
chambers below could be heated in cold weather; the one’s above always remaining airy and cool.
• In many of its elements and carved decoration, especially in the design of the niches and brackets with
their volute forms and the shapes of the pillars, an influence of Hindu temple architecture can be seen,
showing that artisans from Gujarat were assigned with the construction of the palace.
• Other interesting details include the application blue glaze tiles to some of the roofs and
cupolas and the use of wagon-vault ceiling with groins in one of the upper rooms
38
39
40
Panch Mahal at Fatehpur Sikri
41
• Panch Mahal is a palace in Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• The Panch Mahal meaning 'Five level Palace' was commissioned by Akbar.
• These columns, that originally had jaali (screens) between them, support the
whole structure. Once these screens provided purdah (cover) to queens and
princess on the top terraces enjoying the cool breeze and watching splendid
views of Sikri fortifications and the town nestling at the foot of the ridge.
42
43
BIRBAL'S HOUSE
44
PLANS OF BIRBAL HOUSE
45
• The building known an Birbal’s house is a two storeyed structure, complex in its arrangements
and elaborate in its architectural ornamentation.
• The ground storey is made up of four rooms and two porches, while the upper storey is
made up of two rooms and open terraces enclosed by screens.
• The upper rooms are roofed by cupolas while the porches have pyramidal roofs, all of which are
constructed on a modified form of the double dome in order to keep the interior cool.
• The chief attraction is the treatment of the exterior, particularly the rich character of the eave
brackets.
• Such bracket supports are common in most of the secular structures in Fatehpur Sikri, but they
have employed most liberally and designed and executed most elaborately in Birbal’s House.
46