aid) THIEU mot A0r SO PHUONG PHAP GHI CHEP NHAM CAI THIEN KY NANG NGHE HIEU CHO SINH VIEN DU Bi DAI HOC - KHOA QUGe TE, DAI HOC QUOC GIA HANOI (NGUYENTHITHU! HUYEN ‘Dai hoc Quéc gia Ha NOt Abstract ‘Acquiring and mastering note-taking is kely find it difficult to exploit this sillin their learning at International School, Vietnam National Unive taking papers from Genneral English Sti cients were collected to analyse. The results were that there were more non-note-takers than note-takers, and most of the note-takers do not follow a certainh note-taking method - they take notes in their own ways, Therefore, six methods of taking notes were introduced: The Cornell Method, The Mapping method, The Outline Method, The Sentence method, Charting Method, and PARR Method with the hope to improve General English students’ listening comprehension at International me a big hindrance to many learners while they often e for General English students inglish levels are not very high. 50 note- School, Vietnam Netional University ing, note-taking 1 \ép” va tém quan trong cla ghi chép trong viée nghe hiéu Tigng Anh . Khdi niém Theo Dunkel (1985), ghi chép khi nghe ging la Ki nang “ban nang” clia mét sinh vién (SV). 6.18 hanh dong “tom luge lai nhiing gi da dug néi”. Vile 46, mai SV véi kién thie va kinh nghiém cé nhan sé ghi chép theo cach riéng cua minh. Tuy nhién, ghi chép khéng phai la mot hoat dong don gian. Trong qua trinh ghi chép, ngudi nghe phai phan dinh dugc nhiing diéu sau day: 1. Ngudi noi dang néi gi? l 2. Béi canh cia bai nila gi? t 3. Digu dang néi c6 quanh trong khong? iv 4,Téi cé nén chép diéu nay khong? 1 5, Lam thé nao dé ghi chép n6? 1.2. Tm quan trong ciia “Ghi chép” Ghi chép quan trong bdi né tang cudng kha nang tap trung cila ngudi hoc. Khi chép cling 6p phén tao diéu kién cho ngudi hoc ngoai ngit kiém tra lai nhiing diéu da nghe va khac phuc diém yéu trong khi nghe higu. Ngoai ra, khi chép cén cai thién khdu naif cua ngudi hoc cio 104 | Mes Thang 5/2017 ods, listening tips. Udi hoc ngoai ngtt rén luyén tri nh. Theo Carier va Titus (1981), ghi chép la cong cu tuyét voi dé Inu gid théng tin, Otto (1979) cling cho rang trong qué trinh lng nghe bai giang, ‘/ phai bigt céch béc tach théng tin, sau 46 luu gilt va van dung trong cac tinh huéng trong tung lai. Chinh viée hoc tap va thuc hanh Ki nang ghi chép thudng xuyén 4a gitp SV c6 kha nng lang nghe mét loai théng tin cu thé va ap dung khi can thiét. Hau hét SV My déu dugc day ghi chép vi cdc nha giéo duc Hoa Ki cho ring, biét céch ghi chép higu qua sé la chia khéa dé dan toi thanh cOng. Ca SV va ging vin (GV) My déu déng y rang ghi chép da hé trg qué trinh hoc va luu trit théng tin cila nguei hoc. Tom lai, ghi chép trong khi nghe hiéu quan trong véi SV vi: 1) Tang cubng kha nang tap trung chi y;2) Khuyén khich SV nghién cttu dao su tai iu; 3) La céng cu két néi gitfa bai hoc co va kin thc méi 2. Thue trang vé vie ghi chép bai ging cha SV dutbi dai hoc Khoa Quéc té - Dai hoc Quéc gia Ha Noi Tac gia nghién citu bai ghi chép trong git hoc nghe cla 50 SV dy bj dai hoc bat ki (5 cp 46, tircdp 6 1 dén cp dé 5, méi cp 46 10 em) da dugc thu lai dé nghién cutu. Qua phan tich cho va giuip rthay, chi 42% SV trong mau nghién citu cé van dung ki nng ghi chép khi hoc nghe hiéu, 58% con lai khéng ghi chép khi hoc nghe, ho chi ghi ap an lam bai ma khéng ghi ra cdc théng tin lién quan dén bai nghe. Trong 42% (tic 21 SV) 6 a} dung ki nding ghi chép khi hoc nghe, chi 6 3 SV biét van dung phuong phdp ghi chép vao bai ghi chép cilia minh. Cu thé, co 2 em biét viét thanh cdc cu riéng '@ va str dung chit viét tat hoac ki higu, 1 em co ¥ thie ghi chép theo kiéu dan y (nghia la <6 y 1dn va y phu). 18 em con lai ghi chép mét cach ngau hting, khong theo 1 phuong phap nao. Chinh vige ghi chep lon xdn va khéng tuan theo mét phuong php cu thé nao khién cho bai ghi chép cla cdc em kh6 theo dé, it c6 gis tr] khi cdc em nhin lai 61 chiéu véi bai nghe de «im ra dap n dung bai nghe. Phéng van sau mau nghién citu sau 6 cing da cho thay chinh ban than SV cing khong nhén théy viée ghi chép la thyc sy cn thiét d6i véi vic hoan thanh hodc dat diém cao b&i nghe. Cac em li giai vi ghi chép khéng khoa hoc, thiéu tinh hé théng, va thiéu phuang phap, nén khi quyét dinh dap an cho bai nghe hiéu, cdc em khOng théy céc ghi chép cita minh c6 ‘tac dung nhiéu. 3. Gi6i thigu mét s6 phuong phap ghi chép Thue ra, viéc ghi chép trong lic nghe [a vo cling quan trong néu SV muén duge két qua cao trong ki thi nghe, dc bidt véi nhéing ki thi quéc té nhu IELTS hoc TOEFL hoac ki thi VSTEP ~ ky thi danh gia nang Iyc tigng Anh tir bac 3 én bac 5 theo khung nang luc ngoai ngit6 bac dung cho Viét Nam. SV du bi Khoa Quéc té budc phai trai qua mét trong ba ki thi néu trén vdi sé diém quy dinh dé dui diéu kien theo hoc chuyén nganh 6 dai hoc. Véi bai thi nghe, SV chi dugc nghe mot lan. Néu cc em khdng ghi chép, thi khé ¢6 thé 6 duge dap én dting vi théng tin chi duoc dé cap duy nhat mot lén trong bai. Do 46, dé SV co duge két qua tét trong ki thi nghe, cdc em can dugc gidi thiéu vé céc phuong phap ghi chép mot cdc hé thdng cling nhucén duge GV khuyén khich va tao ca hi dé van dung cdc phuong phap nay thudng xuyén trén lép. ‘Sau day la m6t sé phuong phép ghi chép higu qua ma céc em cé thé tham khdo va van dung trong qué trinh hoc nghe higu hoac lam bai thi nghe hiéu, 3.1. Phutong phép Cornell ‘Day [a mét trong nhUng phuong phap phé bign nhat dugc st dung dé ghi chép trong lép hoc. Phuong phap Cornel! cung cp mot dinh dang hé théng ghi chi ma khéng phai mat cong sao chép lai. in Note-Taking Area . Cue Colum Summaries hasten tert thet st ene gestae Theo Cornel, ta chia vé lam ba phn nhu hinh, vé: Cue Column la cét ghi tir gol y, note - taking ghi chép va Summary 8 phan dé ghi tom t8t. Phan bén’tréi: 5/2 Inches dung é ghi cdc tly quan trong, cde ti khéa, cdc su kién (co thé kem theo théi gian) va thudng tra Idi cho cau héi: Ai? Cai gi? Khi nao? Phan phai: 6 inches Phan phat trién y chi tiét tircdc tt khéa, dién giai mé rong y chinh, thudng tra loi cho cau hdi: Nhu thé nao? Lam sao?. Phan phia dudi Ia noi cho ban tom tat. Phuong pip Cornel yéu cdu sinh vién phai nh6 6R (Record - ghi Iai, reduce - tém luge lay, recite ~ ndi lai duge, reflect ~ dat cau hdi cho nguéi trinh bay, néu y kién cla ban than, review - xem lai, recapitulate - t6ng két va tom tt Iai). Phuong phap Cornell gitip sinh vin c6 bai ghi chép hé théng, cé trat ty. Phuong phap nay dé lam, don gian ma higu qua va tiét kigm thdi gian.3.2. Phufong phdp outline (dain y) ioe ‘ | i | 3 | j $ | : t ¢ $ ? a nb Dan y dugc chia lam cc y chinh, 7 phy (cde luan diém, luan cu, ludn chting). Midi quan hé gitia chting duce thé hién qua khoang céch ti dau dong cla mot y dén Ié (Indention). Khoang cach nay cang |dn thi muic 46 khai quat cia ¥ cang giam. Néu trinh bay dug ding theo yéu cau thi ban note cia ban sé rat mach lac, sing sia. Cac ¥ duge trinh bay mét cach khoa hoc, ndi dung chat ché va lién két. Tuy nhién, céch ghi chép nay ddi héi d ban met sy tap trung cao a6. Sé khé thyc hién néu bai thuyét trinh hay bai néi qu nhanh. Do vay, ¢6 thé diing phuong phap nay khi ngudi ghi chép cé thai gian dé sép xép bé cyc cacy. 3.3. Phuong phap so 46 (mapping) Phuang phap nay diing bang biéu dé sp xép thong tin, Phuong php nay sé rat hit {ch véi SV cé kha nang tu duy bang hinh anh tét. Day 6 thé coi la mét phuong phap khé khi ghi chép bai nghe ngay trén lp nhung Iai la mét cong ‘cy hiiu (ch khi sap xép Iai cac thong tin sau khi nghe. 3.4. Phutong Phdp Ké Bang (Charting Method) Néu bai ging cé trat ty 16 rang (nhur trat ty thdi gian) thi SV cé thé ap dung phuong phap ké bang bing cach vé ra cdc cot va dat tiéu dé cho cac cot. Phuong phap nay gitip SV theo déi bai nghe dé dang va trong trudng hgp SV bé Id théng fin lién quan khi nghe cé thé tim lai mét céch dé dang, Sau day [a vi dy ciia phuang phap ké bang: wyolveveur 3.5. Phurong phdp chép cau Trong phuang phép nay, SV sé ghi chép moi y tuting, 36 ligu, chd dé ma minh nghe duge ‘thanh tling cau riéng ré va danh sé ching trong qué trinh ghi chép. Phugng phap nay gitip SV c6 thé ghilai nhiéu théng tin hon, tham chi la tat ca thong tin nhung Iai khéng gitip SV phan biét duoc luan diém Ién va lun diém nho. Sau day [a vi dy cla phuong phap chép cau: A revolution is any occurrence that affects other aspects of life, such as economic life, social life, and so forth. Therefore revolutions cause change. (See page 29 to 30 in your text about this.) Revolution - occurrence that affects other aspects of life: e.g,, ecori,, socl,, etc. Cf. text, pp. 29-30 3.6. Phuong phdp PARR Phung phdp nay tuong adi kho khi so snh véi céc phugng phap da duoc dé cap 6 trén vi né méi duge nghién ctu gan day. Phuong phap nay bao gém 4 bude: Prepare (Chuan bi) - Abbreviation (Viét tt) - Revise (On tap) - Review (Xem lai). Tén cla phuong phdp duge ghép lai tir 4 chit cai du tién cla 4 budc nay. - Prepare (Chuan bi): Bay la budc dau tién dé ghi chép bai hiu qua. SV phai nghe cé chon Igc- biét phan biét dau la théng tin quan trong.Sau dé, sé viét ra nhiing y chinh, vi dy cho y chinh, va c&c chi tiét quan trong, SY cing nén suy nghi dé cho Iva cach thite ghi chép cho méi bai gidng. Abbreviation (Viét Tat): Vidt t6c 49 khi ghi chép vé cing quan trong, vi vay SV phai biét cach viét tat. SV co thé str dyng ki higu, khong én vigt hoa va co thé khong viét cac ti khong quan trong nhu"a" hoc “the” - Revise (On t§p): SV cAn 6n tap lai phn ghi chép cla minh trong vong 24h gid vi trong hoaing thdi gian nay noi dung ghi chép van con nguyén ven trong dau ho. Nguai ghi ché) cling cén hoc thém nhiéu kiéu viét tt, khoanh tron céc cum chia biét, dat cau dua vao cic cum quan trong <3 viét civgc, dat dau sao ban canh nhiing théng tin cén suy ngdim va sia 16i néu c6. + Review (Xem lai): MOt vai phitt xem Iai ki cang sé gidip tiét kiém rat nhiéu thei gian sau 6, Trong buéc nay, ngubi ghi chép cin ty dat ra.cho minh céc cu héi dé on tap lai kiém thtic ii va kiém tra xem minh da hiéu van dé chura. Trén day la mOt sé phuong phap 4é ghi bai higu qua danh cho SV dy bi dai hoc tai Khoa Quéc Té - Bai hoc Quéc gia Ha Néi. Quyét dinh 3. Két luan Viée xéc dinh ding vi tri, vai trd, nhiém vy; hing thuan Igi va kho khan clla GV CVHT trong qué trinh dao tao theo hgc ché tin chi trong céc truéng dai hoc, la rat can thiét, gidp chuing ta cé cai nhin khach quan hon va cé sit dau tu dling muc hon véi nhiém vy cla GV CVHT. Dé nang cao hiéu qua hoat dong giang day & Trudng Bai hoc Ha Tinh néi riéng, gido duc dai hoc noi chung can su né Iyc c6 gang tir nhiéu phia, trong dé ¢6 thé néi GV CVHT ludn la mét trong nhiing ‘cénh tay phai” dac Ic hé tro cho hoc ché tin chi di ding huéng va nang tam giao duc dai hoc cia Viet Nam. Vi vay, dé phat. huy vai tro cia GV CVHT trong qua trinh dao tao. 8Trudng Dai hoc Ha Tinh ddi hoi phai thuc hién nhiing gidi phdp déng bé tir phia nhé truéng, 4c phong ban, khoa, GV va SV. VAI TRO CUA GIANG VIEN CO VAN HOC TA’ chon phuong phap nao tiyy thude chii yéu vio muc dich cia bai gidng. Tuy nhién, dé ghi chép tt théng thuding phai két hgp hai hoac nhiéu phuong phap a3 dugc ligt ké 6 tren. Hi vong véi viée gidi thiéu séu phutong php can ban, don gian, nhung hong kém phan higu qua trén, SV dy bi dai ho« tai Khoa Quéc Té - Dai hoc Quéc gia Ha Néi sé dugc trang bi kin thiic nén vé cdc phuong php ghi chép, a8 ghi chép sé dan trés thanh met ki nang quen thuge vai cdc em, Tal igutham khao 1. Carrey, C.& Titus, A. (1981). Effects of noretaking retraining ‘and text mode expectations on learning from lecture, American Educational Research Journal, 18 4), pp. 385-397. 2, Deese, James and Elin K. ees. How To Study (3rd), New Yorke MeGran-Hil, Inc, 1979, 3. Dunkel, (1985), "Listening arc Notetaking: What b the Effect ‘of Pretraining in Noteteking?” TESOL. Newsletter, pp. 30-31 4, Johnson, Sue. The 47: Teacher/You, Tox, Talk, Test - 4 ‘Systematic Approach To Leaming Success. Calisamia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 5. Pauk, Walter. How To Study In College (2nd Ed). Boston Houghton Miflin Co, 1974, 6,Raygor Alton Land David lark. Systems For Study. New York: McGraw Hil Inc, 1970. 7.ttp:/anwn.sascalpolyedu/asc/ssUnotetaking systemshtml ai ngdy 05/5/2017. Sua chia xong 06/5/2017. Duyét daing 07/5/2017. P... Niép theo trang 99 ‘Tai ligu tham khao 1. 89 Gio duc ~ Bao ta0, Quy ché de tae dai hoc va co ding ‘hé chinh quy theo hé théng tin chi, Ban hanh kém theo quyét dinh 36 43/2007/0D -GDET ngby 15 thang & nam 2007 cia Bd trkong 89 Gido ce vd Bao tao, 2007 2. Phan Binh Anh, TiliguH6ithéo Khoa he«, Sng quan véphdt tridn Chung tin doo go eta Trubng Ber hoc 3 Fnh, 2015. 3. Th tung Chinh pha, Quy inh Bigu le teeong Da hoe, ban han kérn theo quyét din 58 153/2003/0D-TT9 ngdy 30 thang 7 bm 2003 4. Trin Thi Thu Thy, Ti ligu H&i nghi, Vite cia c8 vn hoe tp <#6/v6ihoat dbng hoc tip var uyenchasinhvien, Cn Tho, 2011. 5. Trutng ai hoc Ha Tinh, Quy inh Ché di lam viee ast ol giang vien, Ban Ranh kém theo quyét dinh 36 1052/0D- TOHHT, ngdy 22/12/2015 ete Higu truéng Ting Bal hoc Ha Tinh, 2015, Nhén bai ngay 18/4/2017. Sta chita xong 25/4/2017. Duyét dang 28/4/2017. Théng 5/207 orho pyc | 107