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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Fill in the blank to complete the statement.

1) The collection of the ages of all the U.S. first ladies when they married is a . 1)
A) Sample B) Population C) Parameter D) Statistic

2) Suppose that the age of all the U.S. first ladies when they married was recorded. The mean age of 2)
U.S. first ladies when they married would be a .
A) Parameter B) Statistic C) Sample D) Population

3) Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of women when they marry for the first 3)
time so they survey 500 married or divorced women and ask them how old they were when they
first married. The collection of the ages of the 500 women when they first
married is a .
A) Sample B) Parameter C) Statistic D) Population

4) Suppose that the age of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office was recorded. The 4)
collection of the ages of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office is a .
A) Population B) Statistic C) Parameter D) Sample

5) The mean age of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office would be a . 5)
A) Parameter B) Population C) Sample D) Statistic

6) Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of men when they marry for the first 6)
time so they survey 500 married or divorced men and ask them how old they were when they first
married. The mean of age of the 500 men when they married for the first time would be a
.
A) Population B) Parameter C) Sample D) Statistic

7) Researchers want to find out which U. S. movie has the most positive audience reaction for the 7)
current week. As they exited a randomly selected movie theater, movie-goers were asked to give
the movie they had just viewed a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. In this scenario, the movie-goers
are an example of a .
A) Sample B) Variable C) Population

Solve the problem.

8) The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing 8)
to fund a new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?
A) The deacons B) The survey respondents
C) The congregation D) None of these

Answer the question.

9) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the timeliness of its 9)
subscription service. The publisher finds that only 6% of the subscribers responded. This 6%
represents what?
A) The population B) The sample

1
 10) A magazine publisher always mails out a questionnaire six months before a subscription ends. 10)
This questionnaire asks its subscribers if they are going to renew their subscriptions. On average,
only 4% of the subscribers respond to the questionnaire. Of the 4% who do respond, an average of
48% say that they will renew their subscription. This 4% who respond to the questionnaire are
known as what?
A) The population B) The sample

11) A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber-optic 11)
Ethernet cables that the computer department just received. The computer department received
10 boxes containing 20 cables each. The manager does not have the time to test every cable in each
box. The manager will choose one box at random and test 4 cables chosen randomly within that
box. What is the population?
A) The 4 cables chosen randomly for testing
B) The one box that was chosen at random from the 10 boxes
C) The 10 boxes
D) 200 cables

12) A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber-optic 12)
Ethernet cables that computer department just received. The computer department received 9
boxes containing 20 cables each. The manager does not have the time to test every cable in each
box. The manager will choose one box at random and test 4 cables chosen randomly within that
box. What is the sample?
A) 180 cables
B) The 4 cables chosen for testing
C) The 9 boxes
D) The one box that was chosen at random from the 9 boxes

Solve the problem.

13) All daily maximum temperatures in August last year for all major U.S. cities were recorded. The 13)
mean of all maximum temperatures would be a _____________.
A) Statistic B) Sample C) Parameter D) Population

14) Understand survey terminology] Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of 14)
young adults who watch a certain television program. By interviewing people at a shopping mall,
they can identify people who watch this show. The collection of the ages of these young adults
who watch this television program is a _____________.
A) Parameter B) Statistic C) Population D) Sample

15) A factory manager is monitoring the quality of production of a small battery powered toy. The 15)
factory produces 600 toys in an hour. Thirty toys are tested from each hour's production. Which
one of the following statements is the most accurate?
A) The toys being tested are the sample. The factory's total production is the population.
B) The toys being tested are the sample and the sample size is 30. All toys produced in that hour
is the population.
C) The toys being tested are the population. All toys produced in that hour is the sample and the
sample size is 600.
D) None of these statements accurately describe this situation.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

16) Explain the difference between a population and a sample. Give an example of each. 16)

2
 17) Describe the importance of how survey questions are phrased – in particular, the effect on 17)
the sample results. Explain how such a sample may not be reflective of the population.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

18) Frances is interested in whether students at his college would like to see a portion of the campus 18)
preserved as green space. Using student numbers, he randomly contacts 300 students and receives
a response from 75. Of those who responded, 64% favored the preservation of green space on
campus. This scenario is describing what type of sampling bias?
A) Survey bias B) Voluntary response bias
C) Measurement bias D) Nonresponse bias

19) Max is interested in whether there is community interest in having local musicians perform music 19)
in the park in the evenings during the summer. Max goes to the park for several evenings in a row
and asks people visiting the park whether they would like to hear music in the evening. Out of the
200 people he surveys, 58% respond favorably. This scenario is describing what type of sampling
bias?
A) Survey bias B) Measurement bias
C) Nonresponse bias D) Voluntary response bias

Provide an appropriate response.

20) The government of a town needs to determine if the city's residents will support the construction 20)
of a new town hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city's residents.
Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the
town's residents?
A) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
B) Survey the first 200 people listed in the town's telephone directory.
C) Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city.
D) Survey every 12th person who walks into city hall on a given day.

21) The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town's residents will support the 21)
building of a new library. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the town's
residents. Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a
sample of the town's residents?
A) Survey every 12th person who enters the old library on a given day.
B) Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town.
C) Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town.
D) Survey 300 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state
in which the town is located.

22) Before opening a new dealership, an auto manufacturer wants to gather information about car 22)
ownership and driving habits of the local residents. The marketing manager of the company
randomly selects 1000 households from all households in the area and mails a questionnaire to
them. Of the 1000 surveys mailed, she receives 70 back. Determine the type of bias.
A) Nonresponse bias B) Voluntary response bias
C) Survey bias D) Measurement bias

3
Solve the problem.
23) A researcher is interested in knowing how many students of a particular college would be 23)
interested in having a sandwich shop open within a block of campus. She surveys 300 students on
campus at different times of day by asking students randomly if they would answer a few
questions. She receives a response from 35. Of those who responded, 65% favored having a
sandwich shop within a block of campus. This scenario describes sampling bias. Which statement
most accurately describes the bias?
I. The researcher asked only one question which results in bias.
II. The students voluntarily responded which could result in bias.
III. Not enough students responded which can result in bias.
A) both II and III B) II only C) I only D) III only

24) Max organizes weekly concerts in the local park. He is interested in knowing what type of music 24)
people enjoy. Before one particular concert, he makes an announcement to the audience, and asks
people to visit a web page and take a survey to vote on whether or not they liked the concert. 75
people take the survey, and 58% respond favorably. Max claims that 58% of all of those who were
at the concert liked the music. This scenario describes sampling bias. Which statement most
accurately describes the bias in Max's method?
I. The Max asked only one question which results in bias.
II. The attendees voluntarily responded which could result in bias.
III. Not enough attendees responded which can result in bias.
A) III only B) II only C) both II and III D) I only

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

25) Explain the difference between a statistic and a parameter. Give an example of each. 25)

26) Frederick is interested in whether residents of his community are opposed to the 26)
construction of a party store on the corner of a busy intersection. He randomly polls 150
residents in the community and receives responses from 55 residents. Of those who
responded, 60% were opposed to the construction of the party store in the community so
Frederick concludes that the majority of residents in his community oppose the
construction of the party store. Explain what is wrong with this approach.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

27) If it is being used to make inferences about a population, a good statistic (or estimator) should 27)
A) Be accurate and precise. B) Be derived from population data.
C) Show correlation. D) None of these.

28) Which of the following statements is not true about a sampling distribution? 28)
A) It tells us how often we can expect to see particular values of our estimator.
B) It is the probability distribution of a statistic.
C) It is used for making inferences about a population.
D) All these statements are true.

29) Which of the following statements is not true about a sampling distribution? 29)
A) It is the probability distribution of a statistic.
B) It is used for making inferences about a sample.
C) It gives characteristics of the estimator, such as bias and precision.
D) It gives probabilities for a statistic.

4
 30) According to a snack cracker manufacturer, a batch of butter crackers has a defect rate of 8%. 30)
Suppose a quality inspector randomly inspects 500 crackers. Complete the following statement:
The quality inspector should expect defective crackers, give or take
crackers.
A) 60; 16 B) 60; 12 C) 40; 6 D) 40; 16

31) According to a snack cracker manufacturer, a batch of butter crackers has a defect rate of 6%. 31)
Suppose a quality inspector randomly inspects 400 crackers. Complete the following statement:
The quality inspector should expect defective crackers, give or take
crackers.
A) 25; 12 B) 48; 5 C) 24; 5 D) 45; 6

32) There are four colors in a bag containing 500 plastic chips. It is known that 28% of the chips are 32)
green. On average, how many chips from a random sample of 50 (with replacement) would be
expected to be green?
A) 18
B) 14
C) Not enough information to determine expected value.
D) 28

33) There are four colors in a bag containing 600 plastic chips. It is known that 34% of the chips are 33)
yellow. On average, how many chips from a random sample of 30 (with replacement) would be
expected to be yellow? Round to the nearest whole chip.
A) About 16
B) Not enough information to determine expected value.
C) About 5
D) About 10

Use the following information to answer the question. A pescatarian is a person who eats fish and seafood but no other
animal. An event planner does some research and finds that approximately 2.75% of the people in the area where a
large event is to be held are pescatarian. Treat the 250 guests expected at the event as a simple random sample from the
local population of about 150,000.
34) On average, what proportion of the guests would be expected to be pescatarian, give or take how 34)
many? Round to the nearest whole person.
A) 6 people, give or take 5 people
B) 7 people, give or take 3 people
C) There is not enough information given to calculate expected value.
D) 8 people, give or take 4 people

Use the following information to answer the question. A pollotarian is a person who eats poultry but no red meat. A
wedding planner does some research and finds that approximately 3.5% of the people in the area where a large
wedding is to be held are pollotarian. Treat the 300 guests expected at the wedding as a simple random sample from the
local population of about 200,000.
35) On average, what proportion of the guests would be expected to be pollotarian, give or take how 35)
many? Round to the nearest whole person.
A) 15 people, give or take 4 people
B) There is not enough information given to calculate expected value.
C) 11 people, give or take 3 people
D) 20 people, give or take 5 people

5
Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck
drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once.
36) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all home delivery truck drivers 36)
who have encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once? Round to the nearest
ten-thousandth.
A) 0.1322 B) 0.0132 C) 0.0141 D) 0.0002

Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1200 randomly selected adult office workers,
32% said they had worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once.
37) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all American adult office workers 37)
that have worn a Halloween costume to the office? Round to the nearest ten-thousandth.
A) 0.0143 B) 0.0135 C) 0.4672 D) 0.0002

Solve the problem.

38) If you use an instrument to measure 1 ml of water and do it 3 times, weighing the water each time, 38)
you get 0.751, 0.753, and 0.750 grams. One ml of water should weigh 1.0 grams. The
measurements are _________.
A) precise but not accurate B) both precise and accurate
C) accurate but not precise D) neither precise nor accurate

39) Which of the following statements is characteristics of the sampling distribution of a sample 39)
proportion?
A) The mean of the sampling distribution is the same as the mean of the population from which
the data were sampled.
B) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is the same as the standard deviation of
the population from which the data were sampled.
C) It cannot be used for making inferences about a population.
D) It is the probability distribution of a parameter.

^
40) The bias of p is zero if certain conditions are met. Identify which condition is not required. 40)
I. The sample is randomly selected from the population of interest.
II. The population must be at least 100 times bigger than the sample size.
III. The standard error of the sampling distribution is the same as the standard deviation of the
population.
IV. The mean of the sampling distribution is the mean of the population from which the data
were sampled.
A) I only B) I and IV C) II only D) II and III

41) A survey recently reported that 35% of U.S. citizens believe that we never landed on the moon. 41)
The pertinent question in the survey was "Do you think it was possible or impossible that the event
of the U.S. landing on the moon never happened?" Select the most accurate statement about this
survey.
A) The question worded in a confusing way caused response bias.
B) The results are significant.
C) The question worded in a confusing way caused sampling bias.
D) The question worded in a confusing way caused measurement bias.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

42) A sampling method should be as precise and accurate as possible. Explain what these two 42)
terms mean and how each is measured.

6
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

43) What generally happens to the sampling error as the sample size is decreased? 43)
A) It gets smaller. B) It gets less predictable.
C) It gets more predictable. D) It gets larger.

Solve the problem.

44) A group of screwdrivers produced in a day at a particular factory has a defect rate of 0.7%. 44)
Suppose a quality inspector randomly inspects 500 screwdrivers. Complete the following
statement: The quality inspector should expect ____defective screwdrivers, with an error of ____.
A) 3.5; 0.4% B) 35; 0.4% C) 1; 4.0% D) 1; 0.4%

45) A group of battery powered toys produced in a day at a factory has a defect rate of 0.5%. Suppose 45)
a quality inspector randomly inspects 200 of the toys. Complete the following statement: The
quality inspector should expect ____defective toys, with an error of ____.
A) 10; 0.5% B) 1; 5% C) 1; 0.5% D) 10; 5%

46) There are five colors available in each bag of Skittles. It is known that the 18% of the Skittles are 46)
red. On average, how many Skittles from a random sample of 40 (with replacement) would be
expected to be red? Round to the nearest whole Skittle.
A) About 16 B) About 7 C) About 1 D) About 8

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

A marble manufacturer advertises that its bags of marbles will contain 25% "milky-white" marbles. Suppose that a bag
containing 80 marbles is inspected.
47) What value should we expect for our sampling percentage of milky-white marbles? How 47)
many marbles would this be? Round to the nearest whole marble.

48) What is the standard error? Round to the nearest tenth of a percent. 48)

49) Use your answers to fill in the blanks: We expect ________% milky-white marbles, give or 49)
take ________%.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

50) Suppose that New Mexico lawmakers survey 160 randomly selected registered voters to see if they 50)
favor stricter laws regarding motorcycle helmet use for riders over the age of 17. The lawmakers
believe the population proportion in favor of changing the law is 6% (based on historical data and
previous votes). Which of the following conditions for the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
B) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
C) Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
D) None of these, all the conditions of the CLT are met.

7
 51) Suppose that Illinois lawmakers survey 130 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor 51)
charging a deposit on aluminum cans to encourage recycling. The lawmakers believe the
population proportion in favor of changing the law is 93% (based on historical data and previous
votes). Which of the following conditions for the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
B) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
C) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
D) None of these, all the conditions of the CLT are met.

Use the following information to answer the question. A pollotarian is a person who eats poultry but no red meat. A
wedding planner does some research and finds that approximately 3.5% of the people in the area where a large
wedding is to be held are pollotarian. Treat the 300 guests expected at the wedding as a simple random sample from the
local population of about 200,000.
52) Suppose the wedding planner assumes that 5% of the guests will be pollotarian so she orders 15 52)
pollotarian meals. What is the approximate probability that more than 5% of the guests are
pollotarian and therefore she will not have enough pollotarian meals? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
A) 0.079 B) 0.489 C) 0.421 D) None of these

53) Suppose the wedding planner assumes that only 3% of the guests will be pollotarian so she orders 53)
9 pollotarian meals. What is the approximate probability that she will have too many pollotarian
meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0.477 B) 0.319 C) 0.681 D) 0.251

Use the following information to answer the question. A pescatarian is a person who eats fish and seafood but no other
animal. An event planner does some research and finds that approximately 2.75% of the people in the area where a
large event is to be held are pescatarian. Treat the 250 guests expected at the event as a simple random sample from the
local population of about 150,000.
54) Suppose the event planner assumes that 4% of the guests will be pescatarian so he orders 10 54)
pescatarian meals. What is the approximate probability that more than 4% of the guests are
pescatarian and that he will not have enough pescatarian meals? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
A) 0.387 B) 0.470 C) 0.113 D) None of these

55) Suppose the event planner assumes that only 1.6% of the guests will be pescatarian so he orders 4 55)
pescatarian meals. What is the approximate probability that he will have too many pescatarian
meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0.613 B) 0.113 C) 0.387 D) 0.245

Solve the problem.

56) It is thought that 10% of all children have some level of nearsightedness. 200 randomly selected 56)
children, selected without replacement, had their eyesight tested. Can the Central Limit Theorem
be used to find a good approximation of the probability that more than 15% of the children will be
nearsighted? Which statement is not true?
I.Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
II. The sample does not need to be randomized since all children are likely to have vision
problems.
III. Sample size should be large enough so np>10 and nq>10. This condition is met.
A) I only B) I and II C) I and III D) II and III

8
 57) A survey investigates whether residents of a certain city support an educational tax increase. 57)
Which of the following statements are true?
A) The proportions of "Yes" in many samples of size n will be approximately normally
distributed with mean = p and standard deviation equal to the square root of p*(1-p)/n.
B) The proportion of "Yes" in one sample of size n will be close to p if the Central Limit Theorem
conditions are satisfied.
C) The true proportion of "Yes" in the population is p.
D) All of these statements are true.

58) According to the manufacturer of the candy Skittles, 20% of the candy produced are red. If we take 58)
a random sample of 100 bags of Skittles, what is the probability that the proportion in our sample
of red candies will be less than 20%? Which statement, if any, is not true for the conditions to use
the Central Limit Theorem?
A) The success/failure conditions are satisfied.
B) Though not from a random sample, we can assume that the bags are representative of the
population.
C) The sample size is small compared to the population.
D) All of these statements are true.

59) Suppose that Illinois lawmakers survey 130 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor 59)
charging a deposit on aluminum cans to encourage recycling. The lawmakers believe the
population proportion in favor of changing the law is 93% (based on historical data and previous
votes). Which of the following conditions for the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
B) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
C) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
D) None of these, all the conditions of the CLT are met.

60) According to the manufacturer of the candy Skittles, 25% of the candy produced are green. If we 60)
take a random sample of 10 bags of Skittles, what is the probability that the proportion in our
sample of green candies will be more than 25%? Which statement, if any, is true for the conditions
to use the Central Limit Theorem?
A) Though not from a random sample, we can assume that the bags are representative of the
population.
B) The sample size is small compared to the population.
C) The success/failure conditions may not be satisfied.
D) All of these statements are not true.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

61) Suppose that Michigan lawmakers survey 500 randomly selected registered voters to see if 61)
they favor an extension of the fall duck hunting season. The lawmakers believe the
population proportion in favor of extending the duck hunting season is 45% (based on
historical data and previous votes). State the three conditions of the Central Limit
Theorem and explain whether each condition is satisfied in this scenario.

An event planner does some research and finds that in the area where a large children's event is to be held,
approximately 1.75% of the children are lactose intolerant. Treat the 250 children expected at the event as a simple
random sample from the local population of about 100,000 children.
62) On average, how many of the children attending the event would be expected to be 62)
lactose intolerant, give or take how many? Round to the nearest whole person.

9
 63) Suppose the event planner assumes that 2.8% of the children attending the event will be 63)
lactose intolerant so he orders 7 lactose-free meals. What is the approximate probability
that more than 2.8% of the children attending the event are lactose intolerant and that he
will not have enough lactose-free meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.

64) Suppose the event planner assumes that only 0.8% of the children attending the event will 64)
be lactose intolerant so he orders 2 lactose-free meals. What is the approximate
probability that he will have too many lactose-free meals? Round to the nearest
thousandth.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

65) Which of the following statements is true about the confidence interval for a population 65)
proportion?
A) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.
B) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.
C) It is equal to the sample proportion plus or minus a calculated amount called the margin of
error.
D) It is equal to the population proportion plus or minus a calculated amount called the
standard error.

66) Complete the statement by filling in the blank. When constructing a confidence interval, if the level 66)
of confidence increases the margin of error will and the confidence interval will
be . A larger sample size will improve the accuracy of the confidence interval,
therefore margin of error will and the confidence interval will be
.
A) Decrease, narrower. Increase, wider. B) Increase, wider. Decrease, narrower.
C) Increase, narrower. Decrease, wider. D) Decrease, wider. Increase, narrower

Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1200 randomly selected adult office workers,
32% said they had worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once.
67) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true population 67)
proportion of adult office workers who have worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once?
(Round to the nearest thousandth)
A) 0.013 B) 0.158 C) 0.053 D) 0.026

68) Report the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all adult office workers who have worn a 68)
Halloween costume to the office at least once. (Round final calculations to the nearest tenth of a
percent)
A) (30.7%, 33.4%) B) (29.4%, 34.6%) C) (28.0%, 36.1%) D) None of these

Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck
drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once.
69) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true population 69)
proportion of home delivery truck drivers who have encountered an aggressive dog on the job at
least once? (Round to the nearest thousandth)
A) 0.004 B) 0.053 C) 0.026 D) 0.013

10
 70) Report the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all home delivery truck drivers who have 70)
encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once. (Round final calculations to the nearest
tenth of a percent)
A) (20.7%, 31.3%) B) (24.7 %, 27.3%) C) (23.4%, 28.6%) D) None of these

Solve the problem.

71) A random sample of 830 adult television viewers showed that 52% planned to watch sporting 71)
event X. The margin of error is 3 percentage points with a 95% confidence. Does the confidence
interval support the claim that the majority of adult television viewers plan to watch sporting event
X? Why?
A) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 49% and 55%. The
true proportion could be less than 50%.
B) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 49% and 55%.
Since the confidence interval is mostly above 50% it is likely that the true proportion is
greater than 50%.
C) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 50.5% and 53.5%.
The lower limit of the confidence interval is just too close to 50% to say for sure.
D) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 50.5% and 53.5%.
This is strong evidence that the true proportion is greater than 50%

72) A random sample of 950 adult television viewers showed that 48% planned to watch sporting 72)
event X. The margin of error is 4 percentage points with a 95% confidence. Does the confidence
interval support the claim that the majority of adult television viewers plan to watch sporting event
X? Why?
A) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 46% and 50%.
B) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 46% and 50%.
C) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 44% and 52%.
D) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion
of adult television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 44% and 52%.

73) Suppose that in a recent poll of 1200 adults between the ages of 35 and 45, 38% surveyed said they 73)
have thought about getting elective plastic surgery. Find the 95% confidence interval for the
proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective plastic surgery then
choose the correct interpretation. (Round to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about
getting elective plastic surgery is between 35.2% and 40.7%.
B) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about
getting elective plastic surgery is between 28.5% and 47.5%.
C) The population proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective
plastic surgery is between 28.5% and 47.5%, with a confidence level of 95%.
D) The population proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective
plastic surgery is between 35.2% and 40.7%, with a confidence level of 95%.

11
 74) Suppose that in a recent poll of 900 adults between the ages of 35 and 45, 22% surveyed said they 74)
have thought about participating in an extreme sport such as bungee jumping. Find the 95%
confidence interval for the proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about participating
in an extreme sport such as bungee jumping then choose the correct interpretation. (Round to the
nearest tenth of a percent)
A) The population proportion of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in
an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 13.9% and 30.1%, with a confidence
level of 95%.
B) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about
participating in an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 19.3% and 24.7%.
C) The population proportion of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in
an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 19.3% and 24.7%, with a confidence
level of 95%.
D) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about
participating in an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 13.9% and 30.1%.

Find the required confidence interval.

75) A researcher wishes to estimate the proportion of adults in the city of Darby who are vegetarian. 75)
In a random sample of 1,643 adults from this city, the proportion that are vegetarian is 0.051. Find
a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all adults in the city of Darby that are vegetarians.
A) (0.0268, 0.0752) B) (0.0456, 0.0564) C) (0.0434, 0.0586) D) (0.0404, 0.0616)

76) In a sample of 1,484 patients who underwent a certain type of surgery, 25% experienced 76)
complications. Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all those undergoing this
surgery who experience complications.
A) (0.2343, 0.2657) B) (0.2246, 0.2754) C) (0.2280, 0.2720) D) (0.2388, 0.2612)

Solve the problem.

77) Which of the following statements is true about the confidence interval for a population 77)
proportion?
A) It is equal to the sample proportion plus or minus a calculated amount called the margin of
error.
B) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.
C) It is equal to the population proportion plus or minus a calculated amount called the
standard error.
D) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.

78) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks. 78)

When constructing a confidence interval, if the level of confidence increases, the margin of error
must _____ and the confidence interval will be _____.
A) Decrease, narrower. B) Decrease, wider.
C) Increase; wider. D) Increase; narrower.

79) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks. 79)

A larger sample size will improve the precision of the confidence interval, therefore, assuming no
other values change, the margin of error will _____ and the confidence interval will be _____.
A) Increase, wider. B) Increase, narrower.
C) Decrease; narrower. D) Decrease, wider.

12
 80) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks. 80)
When constructing a confidence interval, if the level of confidence decreases, the margin of error
will _________ and the confidence interval will be _________.
A) Decrease, wider. B) Increase; wider.
C) Increase; narrower. D) Decrease, narrower

81) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks. 81)

When constructing a confidence interval, a larger sample size will _________ the margin of error
and the confidence interval will be _________.
A) Decrease, narrower B) Increase; narrower.
C) Decrease, wider. D) Increase; wider.

From a random sample of workers at a large corporation you find that 58% of 200 went on a vacation last year away
from home for at least a week.
82) An approximate 95% confidence interval is (0.50, 0.66). Which of the following statements is a 82)
correct interpretation?
A) 95% of the coworkers fall in the interval (0.50, 0.66).
B) We are 95% confident that between 50% and 66% of the samples will have a proportion near
58%.
C) We are 95% confident that the proportion of coworkers who went on a vacation last year
away from home for at least a week is between 50% and 66%.
D) There is a 95% chance that a random selected coworker has gone on a vacation last year
away from home for at least a week.

83) Which of the following statements are correct concerning the 95% confidence interval of (0.50, 83)
0.66) of coworkers who went on a vacation last year away from home for at least a week?
A) If the sample size is 500 instead of 200, the confidence interval will be larger.
B) If the confidence level were changed from 95% to 99%, the confidence interval would
become wider.
C) A maximum of 66% of the coworkers went on a vacation last year away from home for at
least a week.
D) If the confidence level were changed from 95% to 90%, the confidence interval would
become wider.

84) What is the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval of (0.50, 0.66) of coworkers who went 84)
on a vacation last year away from home for at least a week?
A) 0.04 B) 0.16 C) 0.08 D) 0.58

In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive
dog on the job at least once.
85) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all home delivery truck drivers 85)
who have encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once? Round to the nearest
ten-thousandth.
A) 0.0141 B) 0.0132 C) 0.1322 D) 0.0002

13
Solve the problem.
86) Is it plausible that more than 10% of Americans believe in aliens? A random sample of 2000 adult 86)
Americans were surveyed and 15% of them said that they believed in aliens. Find the 95%
confidence interval for the proportion of Americans who believe in aliens then choose the correct
interpretation. (Round to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 10% +/- 1.6% with
a confidence level of 95%. The interval includes 10% and therefore, it is plausible that at least
10% of Americans believe in aliens.
B) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 1.6% with
a confidence level of 95%. The interval is higher than 10% and therefore, it is plausible that
more than 10% of Americans believe in aliens.
C) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 0.8% with
a confidence level of 95%. The interval does not include 10% and therefore, it is not plausible
that at least 10% of Americans believe in aliens.
D) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 1.6% with
a confidence level of 95%. The interval includes 10% and therefore, it is plausible that at least
10% of Americans believe in aliens.

87) Which of the following statements is true about the confidence interval for a population 87)
proportion?
A) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.
B) It is equal to the population proportion plus or minus the standard error.
C) It is equal to the sample proportion plus or minus a calculated amount called the margin of
error.
D) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

88) Suppose a city manager conducts a poll and finds that a 95% confidence interval for the 88)
proportion of residents who support parking restrictions during snow removal periods as
63% to 71%. Explain what this confidence interval means – the 95% and what the interval
represents.

89) Explain the difference between the standard error of a sample proportion and the margin 89)
of error of a confidence interval for a population proportion.

In a recent poll of 900 randomly selected adults, 37% reported that they could not swim 24 yards (the length of a typical
gymnasium lap pool).
90) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true 90)
proportion of adults who self-report that they cannot swim 24 yards? Round to the
nearest thousandth.

91) Report the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of adults who self-report that they 91)
cannot swim 24 yards. Round final calculations to the nearest tenth of a percent.

Solve the problem.

92) A survey of 800 randomly selected senior citizens showed that 55% said they planned to 92)
watch an upcoming political debate on television. The margin of error for the 95%
confidence interval is 3.5 percentage points. Does the confidence interval support the
claim that the majority of senior citizens plan to watch the upcoming political debate on
television? Explain why or why not.

14
 93) Suppose that you and a friend read the following statement in a news report, "A recent 93)
poll found that 54% of voters, give or take 3%, plan to vote for candidate X in the next
election (with a confidence level of 95%)". Your friend then makes the statement, "Hey,
look, there's a 95% chance that somewhere between 51% and 57% of voters plan to vote
for candidate X!" How would you explain to your friend why his statement is incorrect, be
sure to provide your friend with the correct interpretation of the confidence interval.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Obtain the required confidence interval for the difference between two population proportions. Assume that
independent simple random samples have been selected from the two populations.
94) In a random sample of 42 Democrats from one city, 10 approved of the mayor's performance. In a 94)
random sample of 58 Republicans from the city, 12 approved of the mayor's performance. Find a
90% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of Democrats and Republicans
who approve of the mayor's performance.
A) (-0.108, 0.170) B) (0.100, 0.376) C) (0.072, 0.404) D) (0.074, 0.404)

95) A survey found that 31 of 60 randomly selected women and 38 of 73 randomly selected men 95)
follow a regular exercise program. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the
proportions of women and men who follow a regular exercise program.
A) (-0.175, 0.167) B) (0.314, 0.720) C) (0.346, 0.687) D) (-0.207, 0.720)

Solve the problem.

96) A polling agency wants to compare support for the president's foreign policies between men and 96)
women. They surveyed 2500 U.S. citizens and found a 95% confidence interval for the difference
in proportions between men and women who support the president's foreign policies as (-0.05 to
-0.025) where population 1 is men and population 2 is women. Select the correct interpretation of
this result.
A) The number surveyed should be increased to increase the accuracy of the confidence
interval.
B) The interval estimates that p1 – p2 < 0 which shows that men are more likely than women to
support with the president's foreign policies.
C) The interval estimates that p1 – p2 < 0 which shows that women are more likely than men to
support with the president's foreign policies.
D) The interval does not contain 0, which shows that there is no significant difference in the
proportions between men and women.

97) Confidence intervals can be used to determine whether different sample proportions reflect a 97)
"real" difference in the population. The basic approach is to...
A) find the difference in the proportions and see if the difference is less than zero.
B) find the margin of error for each proportion and see if the difference is less than zero.
C) find the difference in the proportions and see if the difference is greater than zero.
D) find a confidence interval at the significance level desired for the difference in proportions.

15
 98) A polling agency wants to estimate the proportion of U.S. citizens who support the president's 98)
domestic policies. They surveyed 2500 U.S. citizens and found a 95% confidence interval for the
difference in proportions between men and women who support the president's domestic policies
as (-0.025 to 0.050) where population 1 is men and population 2 is women. Select the correct
interpretation of this result.
A) The interval does not contain zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the
proportions between men and women.
B) The interval contains zero which shows that men are more likely than women to disagree
with the president's foreign policies.
C) The interval contains zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the
proportions between men and women.
D) The interval contains zero which shows that women are more likely than men to disagree
with the president's foreign policies.

99) A medical study examined data on patients with cardiovascular disease who were currently 99)
non-smokers and those who were current smokers. Population 1 were smokers and population 2
were non-smokers. After data analysis, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in
proportions is 0.015 +/- 0.011. The most accurate interpretation is...
A) We are 95% confident that the difference in the proportion of smokers compared to
nonsmokers is between -0.004 and 0.026. There is not a significance difference in the
proportions.
B) We are 95% confident that the difference in the proportion of smokers compared to
nonsmokers is between 0.004 and 0.026. There is a significance difference indicating higher
cardiovascular disease amongst smokers.
C) We are 95% confident that the proportion of smokers compared to non-smokers is between
0.004 and 0.026.
D) We are 95% confident that the interval of the difference in the proportions contains zero.
There is not a significance difference between smokers and non-smokers.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

100) Confidence intervals can be used to determine whether different sample proportions 100)
reflect a "real" difference in the population. Explain the method of how this is
accomplished and what the assumptions are.

101) A polling agency wants to estimate the proportion of U.S. citizens who support the 101)
president's educational policies. They surveyed 1500 U.S. citizens and found a 95%
confidence interval for the difference in proportions between men and women who
support the president's educational policies as (-0.075 to 0.025) where population 1 is men
and population 2 is women. Interpret the result and state if the assumptions are satisfied.

16
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2

1) B
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) D
7) A
8) C
9) B
10) B
11) D
12) B
13) C
14) D
15) B
16) A population is a group of objects or people which are being studied. A population is a total collection. A sample is a
collection of objects or people taken from the population of interest. Examples will vary.
17) A persuasive survey question will result in biased results, which may not accurately reflect the true sentiments of the
population. A confusing question with multiple negatives and irrelevant information can result in inaccurate
responses.
18) D
19) D
20) C
21) C
22) A
23) A
24) C
25) A statistic is a summary of a sample of data, examples will vary. A parameter is a numerical value that characterizes
some aspect of the population, examples will vary.
26) Frederick's survey may have nonresponse bias. The residents who chose not to participate may have different views
about the survey topic then those who did respond.
27) A
28) D
29) B
30) C
31) C
32) B
33) D
34) B
35) C
36) B
37) B
38) A
39) A
40) D
41) D
42) Precision means that sampling results are consistent when a sampling method is repeated. The precision of a sampling
method is measured by the standard error. Accuracy means sampling results are centered around the population
parameter. Accuracy is measured in terms of bias.
43) D
17
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2

44) A
45) C
46) B
47) 25%; 20 milky-white marbles
48) 4.8%
49) 25%; 4.8%
50) A
51) B
52) A
53) B
54) C
55) B
56) B
57) D
58) D
59) B
60) C
61) Sample is random and independent—it is stated that this is a random sample and voters are independent. The sample
is large—a sample of 500 is large enough since it will have at least 10 successes and failures (0.45 × 500 ≥. 10 and 0.55 ×
500 ≥. 10). The population is big—A sample of 500 is large enough because the population is at least ten times larger.
62) 4 children, give or take 2 children.
63) 0.103
64) 0.126
65) C
66) B
67) D
68) B
69) C
70) C
71) A
72) C
73) D
74) C
75) D
76) C
77) A
78) C
79) C
80) D
81) A
82) C
83) B
84) C
85) B
86) B
87) C
88) The 95% indicates that if many polls were taken, 95% of them would result in confidence intervals that include the
true population proportion of residents that support parking restrictions during snow removal. The interval represents
a population estimate +/- a margin of error which depends on the confidence level (95%) and the sample size.

18
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2

89) The margin of error is an amount that is added and subtracted from the estimate which provides the range of
plausible values around the sample proportion base on a chosen level of confidence. The standard error of a sample
proportion is the measure of variation for the data collected in a particular sample.
90) 0.032
91) The upper limit would be 37% + 3.2% = 40.2%. The lower limit would be 37% – 3.2% = 33.8%.
(33.8%, 40.2%)
92) Yes, a confidence interval of 55% ± 3.5% would include plausible population parameter values that are greater than
50% so the claim would not be unreasonable.
93) Answers will vary, but should reference the fact that there is no chance that the population parameter will change,
which is implied when one interprets a confidence level as a probability. The correct interpretation is that the
proportion of voters who plan to vote for candidate X is between 51% and 57%, with a confidence level of 95% which
means the process used to produce the interval will capture the true population proportion 95% of the time.
94) A
95) A
96) C
97) D
98) C
99) B
100) The method for determining whether different sample proportions reflect a "real" difference in the population is find
the difference between the two sample proportions taken from two populations, subtracting the sample proportion for
population 2 from the sample proportion for population 1. Similar to the confidence interval for a single proportion, a
margin of error is calculated that depends on the confidence level, the sample proportions, and the sample size. The
assumptions are that the samples are random and independent, are sufficiently large taken from big populations.
101) The interval contains zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions between men and
women. The assumptions are satisfied: the samples randomly drawn from their populations, samples are
independent, with samples large enough from big populations.

19
Another random document with
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18 Names of places or persons were
often given from some connecting
incident. ↑
19 Hawaii’s earliest antiquarian writer. ↑
20 Various localities seem to claim title
to a place of refuge for safety, but
none with the fame or distinctive
features of Hawaii’s two, at Waipio and
at Honaunau. ↑
21Ulei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia), a
fine-grained hard wood, furnishing
choice arrows or small spears. ↑
22 Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), a
variety of the ohias, a good
serviceable wood. ↑
23 Akia (Wikstroemia foetida), a low
shrub. ↑
24Koa—small-leafed—(Acacia Koa), a
forest tree furnishing an excellent
cabinet wood. ↑
25 Maile (Alyxia olivaeformis), a
fragrant twining shrub, much used
for leis and decorations. ↑
26Pala fern (Marattia Douglasii). The
peku hoki (mule kick) variety has not
become so known. ↑
27 Guava (Psidium guayava), of wild
growth on all the islands. ↑
28Rat’s foot (Lycopodium cernuum), a
desirable evergreen for house
decoration. ↑
29 Turkeys were introduced from Chile
in 1815 by Captain John Meek. ↑
30 No ka pili haole, an expression
implying a leaning towards, or
preference to, the foreigner. ↑
31 The writer is astray in his
chronology, as the time of
Kamehameha II, when this essay was
written, was just about fifty years. The
figure given was most likely his
informant’s age. ↑
32Kahinalii, in ancient tradition, is
identical with Nuu, in the time of the
Deluge, though the sex is here
changed. ↑
33 Kanehoalani, also, was the Luanuu
of that time, “from whom the
Hawaiians and Tahitians are said to
have sprung.” Polynesian Race, vol. i,
p. 60. ↑
34 This name figures prominently in
Hawaiian mythology, not only as a
brother of goddess Pele, acting with, or
apart from her as a volcano deity, but
also as a shark deity of dreaded
power. ↑
35 Literally, the wheel of the heavens. ↑
36 Hapakuela, a place not now known
by this name. ↑
37 Here again the sex differs from the
records. Laka is given in the Kumu-
uli genealogy as son of the first man.
The name is conjured with among the
deities as god and goddess of the
hula. ↑
38Menehune, here given as a son of
Wahieloa, is also said to be a son of
Lua-nuu, traditions of whose
descendants in various parts of the
Pacific are vague and conflicting. ↑
39The Ulu genealogy shows Wahioloa as
the father of Laka, but the wife and
mother is given as Koolaukahili. ↑
40 Pelekumulani is a new name among
celebrities of that time. ↑
41 Tradition credits Pele’s first landing
on these islands as at Puukapele
“Hill of Pele,” on Kauai. ↑
42 Oahu should resent this slight to her
traditions, as Pele is said to have
made two attempts to locate on this
island before testing Molokai. ↑
43 One version of the story of Ualakaa,
whence its name, “rolling potato”,
credits its fame to the time of
Kamehameha, when during his
residence on Oahu he had the whole
slope of this spur of the Manoa range
planted with potatoes which, on being
dug from the ground, when grown,
rolled down to the bottom of the hill and
were there gathered. ↑
44Laina hill (Puulaina) is to the
northwest of Lahainaluna, and is of
647 feet elevation. ↑
45Eeke, or Eke, is a summit crater of
the West Maui mountain range; is
some 4,500 feet high, back of
Waihee. ↑
46 Lihau is the mountain top back of
Olowalu. ↑
47 Maunahoomaha, literally, rest
mountain. ↑
48 The name of strong trade winds
when they break over the mountains
at Lahaina; ofttimes destructive. ↑
49 The islet in the Maui-Kahoolawe
channel. ↑
50 Makole-ulaula, an epithet applied to
Pele. ↑
51 The ancient name of Maui’s famous
crater, which means “rays of the
sun,” and it was these which the
demigod Maui snared and broke off to
retard the sun in its daily course so that
his mother might be able to dry her
kapas. ↑
52 Hee-hee, to melt away, to slough off,
to disappear. ↑
53 No demigod of Hawaii figures so
prominently in Polynesian mythology
as does Maui, nor the hero of so many
exploits throughout these islands. This
will account for the various localities
claiming to be his birthplace. ↑
54 Waianae, as also other places
dispute this claim. ↑
55 Uhu, parrot-fish (Calotomus
sandwichensis). ↑
56 Makamakaole, friendless; without
relatives. ↑
57 This act indicates they recognized
the godly character of the child. ↑
58 Moemoe means to lie down to sleep.
This is a name given to the sun’s
rays which he finds at the cave. ↑
59 Haleakala, house of the sun, was
formerly Alehakala. See note 8,
preceding story. ↑
60 Peeloko, hide within. ↑
61 A point on the shore north of
Lahaina. ↑
62 Still referring to the rays of the sun at
its setting. ↑
63 Literally, stone of the mountain
woman. ↑
64 Aina, personification of the moon,
appealed to. ↑
65 This has reference to his learning
how fire was produced. ↑
66 In whatever way these islands
originated so was Kekaa’s origin. ↑
67 This must then have been earlier
than the recognition of Lele, as the
earlier name of Lahaina, for Lele is the
name given at the introduction of the
breadfruit. ↑
68 Given in tradition also as
Kakaalaneo. ↑
69 Kaululaau, son of Kaalaneo. ↑
70 Trying out oil, as was done in Maui’s
whaling days. ↑
71A place, likely, to which the dead
whales were brought as a protection
against the voracious sharks of those
waters. ↑
72 This was the vicinity of several
bloody battles, that doubtless left
their toll. ↑
73This is one of the supposed
provinces of the aumakua or
ancestral deity. ↑
74 Nowhere else is the idea presented
of the souls of the lopa—the low
farming class—being admitted to the
same realm as those of the chiefs. On
the contrary, lacking aumakuas to aid
them, their spirits were doomed to a
wandering, friendless sphere. ↑
75 Welehu, the month of November of
Hawaii’s calendar. It differed on the
other islands. ↑
76 The famous fortress and successful
safeguard of Hana from several
stubborn Hawaii invasions. ↑
77A division in Hana district to the
south of Kauiki takes this same
name, Hamoa. ↑
78 Kaihuakala, lit., the nose of the sun,
is the mountain peak, 2,458 feet
elevation, in the Aleamai division of
Hana. ↑
79 Kahaule or Kahaula, is the clump of
hills just back of Hana village. ↑
80 Nuu is the landing of a division of
same name in the Kaupo district. ↑
81 Name of a division of Kaupo
eastward of Nuu. ↑
82 Name of a large tract of land in the
adjoining district westward of Nuu. ↑
83 A hill in the vicinity of Waikapu, West
Maui, takes this name “Puuhele.” ↑
84 Name of a large division of the Hana
district. ↑
85 Kahiki, foreign; from abroad. ↑
86 Kaena, the northwestern point of
Oahu. ↑
87 No place of that name now known in
Hana. ↑
88 Peapea, a celebrity in the time of
Kahekili. ↑
89 Pueokahi is the name of the harbor
of Hana. ↑
90 This has no connection with other
stories of Pumaia and Wakaina. ↑
91 The club was evidently used to
suspend calabashes from. In the
absence of shelving in a Hawaiian
house, all food, etc., to be kept out of
harm’s way was suspended by cord or
net. ↑
92 Ape, largest species of the genus
Gunnera petaloidea. ↑
93 An owl deity. ↑
94 A shipping point of central Maui in
early days. ↑
95 Akolea, a species of fern
(Polypodium keraudreni ana). ↑
96This identifies it with Lanai, for
Kaululaau was the son of
Kakaalaneo, the king of Maui, who
banished him for his wild pranks. ↑
97 The harbor on the northern shore of
Lanai, off the eastern point of which
is a detached rock known by the name
of “Puupehe”, the legend of which does
not connect with this story. ↑
98This is the same name given the
shark which took his line and is to be
considered his guardian aumakua. ↑
99 Mauimua, first-born, or elder Maui. ↑
100 Mauihope, last, or after Maui. ↑
101 Mauikiikii, “Swollen, or hair-dressed
Maui”; the word kiikii having these
two meanings. In olden time to paint
the hair over the forehead white
received this definition. ↑
102 Mauiokalana, “Maui of the float”;
buoyant Maui. This, the youngest of
the brothers, is the famed Maui of
Polynesian tradition. ↑
103 This name divided tells its story, Ka-
alae-hua-pi, “the stingy alae”, from
its reluctance to impart the knowledge
of the source of fire. ↑
104 Hamau, “silence”. Name also of a
species of the ohia. ↑
105 Hooleia, one definition of this is
“denial”; refused acknowledgment
of. ↑
106 Ka-mau-oha, the enduring branch,
or stock. ↑
107 Kaaiai, the brightness. ↑
108One of the national traits often put
to the test in olden times. Sport, or
other contests without betting, was
almost unknown. ↑
109Eha mua akahi, i.e., got in the first
blow by winning all his opponent’s
property. ↑
110Puehu, rendered here completely,
conveys the further idea of the
whirlwind character of Kaaiai’s loss. ↑
111 These names of the canoe owners
have reference to the occasion, viz.;
Liuliu, shortly; Makaukau, ready;
Aumai, swim hither. ↑
[Contents]
Traditionary Stories.
RELATING TO THE
DEAD IN ANCIENT
TIME.
When confined with long illness,
and death draws near, a person
before his demise mutters in an
indistinct and mumbling way,
speaking of his relatives and his
gods, whether they be dead or
whether they be living, in this
manner: “So and so is coming to
get me to go.” And thus he would
rave until he died. Whereupon all
his relatives mourned, and if he
was greatly beloved, they
Na Moolelo mai na
Kupuna Mai.
NO NA KUPAPAU I KA
WA KAHIKO.
I ka wa kaa mai ana a kokoke e
make, he oeoe mamua aku o ka
make ana o kekahi mea o na
makamaka, a me na mea e ae o
mea nei, ina he poe ua make a
ina he poe ola, a penei ka ka
mea mai e olelo ai: “Eia ae o
mea ke kii mai nei ia’u e hele.” A
pela ia e olelo pinepine ai a hiki i
kona wa e make ai. Aia hoi o
kona poe makamaka a pau, uwe
no lakou, a ina he mea ia i aloha
extracted something from his
corpse, such as a nail, a tooth,
or perhaps some hair. 1 Here is
another thing: if something was
seen issuing from the mouth or
the eyes, possibly a white
substance accompanied with
tears, the deceased truly loved
his relatives; his corpse would
then be kept uninterred four or
five days, or even longer, to
show their regard.
If the corpse be left unburied, it
should be placed in a box 2
unseen by the people, and
should be arranged in this
manner: Lower the head of the
corpse until it is bowed between
the legs, draw up the legs so that
the knees would project beyond
the shoulders; slip in a cord at
the knee-joints and fasten tightly;
the corpse then would be round
in appearance. 3 If there be
anything which the deceased
had, such as money, or clothes
or other articles, it is buried with
the corpse. Food is also left; fish,
or tobacco, or kapa, it may be,
so that the dead would not go
hungry for food, 4 or be cold;
such is what I have heard.
nuiia, unuhi lakou i kekahi mea o
ua mea make nei, ina he maiao,
a ina he niho, a ina he lauoho
paha. Eia no hoi, ina ua ike ia
kekahi mea mai kona waha mai,
a me kona maka, he mea
keokeo, a me ka waimaka, he
aloha io no ua kupapau nei i
kona poe makamaka, a loihi no
ka waiho ana o kekahi iluna,
eha, elima la, a nui aku no ko
lakou aloha.
Ina e waiho ke kupapau maloko
o ka pahu, e waiho ai me ka ike
ole mai o ka lehulehu. Penei ka
hana ana: E hookulou iho i ke
poo o ke kupapau a komo ke
poo ma ke kowa o ka uha, a
pupuu mai na uha e puka ana na
kuli maluna o na poohiwi, a
hookomo i ke kaula ma ke ami o
na kuli, a nakii a paa loa; he
poepoe ke kupapau ke nana aku
ia manawa. Ina he mea na ua
kupapau nei, he kala paha, he
lole paha a he mea e ae no
paha, ua kanu pu ia lakou me ia,
a waiho pu ia i ai, i ia i paka
paha, i kapa paha kekahi, i ole
ka e anu, a pololi ka i ka ai, wahi
a ko’u lohe.
In taking the corpse to be
hidden, 5 it is done by two or
three of his friends; not by many
people. The burial is done at
night, however, not in the day
time. In digging the grave, it is
dug round like a banana hole.
The usual depth of the grave is
up to one’s waist, that is, up to
the loin of a man. In the olden
time, this grave was called a
pahee (smooth place). Upon
digging, take the dirt from the
grave to another place in a fine
mat, or a gourd, else the tracks
would be shown. Should it be a
new house, the friends of the
dead would dig from the outside
till they reached within, 6 without
the house owner knowing
anything about it. The people
thought that if the burial place
was known, the bones would be
taken for fish hooks, and the
flesh for shark bait. There are
some hidden graves among the
precipices; others are on plains.
There is a hidden grave at
Haleakala; it is called the grave
of Kaawa; it is right mauka of
Nuu, on Maui. This is the way
the corpse is treated before
I ka lawe ana e huna i ke
kupapau, elua, a ekolu o kana
poe makamaka aole lehulehu. I
ka po nae e lawe ai e kanu, aole
i ke ao. I ka eli ana i ka lua, he
lua poepoe no, ano like me ka
lua maia. O ka hohonu kupono o
ka lua, i ka humemalo, oia hoi ka
puhaka o ke kanaka, he pahee
ka inoa o keia lua i ka wa kahiko;
i ka eli ana, e lawe ka lepo o ka
lua i kahi e iloko o ka ahu, ipu, o
ike ia ka meheu. Ina he hale
hou, eli mai no ka poe nana ke
kupapau mawaho mai, a komo
iloko o ka hale, me ka ike ole
mai o ka mea nona kela hale.
Manao na kanaka, ina e ike ia
kahi i waiho ai, kii ia na iwi i mea
makau; o ka io hoi i mea kupalu
mano. He mau lua huna kekahi
ma ka pali, ma kahi papu kekahi.
Aia no kekahi lua huna ma
Haleakala, o ka lua o Kaawa ka
inoa, mauka pono o Nuu ma
Maui nei. Penei ka hana ana i ke
kupapau mamua o ka hoolei
[573]ana iloko oia lua. I ka lawe
ana o na mea nona ke kupapau,
me na mea ono a kela mea i
make e lawe pu ai, oia hoi he
puni; ina he puaa ka puni, maia,
being thrown into [572]that hole.
When the friend of the dead
takes the corpse, he takes also
what the deceased was fond of
when living: If he was fond of
pork, banana, or perhaps sugar-
cane, etc., he takes them; and
upon arriving at the grave, the
friend of the deceased calls to
the departed ancestors 7 first
buried in that grave, thus: “So
and so, here comes your
descendant.” If the corpse
should keep falling until it drops
into the water, and a rainbow
appears, then it is without
relatives; but the corpse who has
relatives is grasped by them
when the body is thrown, and is
stranded on the precipice, and
not dropped into the water. After
the burial [they] come home and
mourn.
Another thing: If the corpse is
being carried, and the one he
loved is far in the rear, no
progress would be made, for the
deceased would demur. The one
he loved should be immediately
behind, then there would be no
demurring. This is what the
friend of the dead should say: “I
ko paha, me ia mea aku ia mea
aku, e lawe no e like me ia, a
hiki i ka lua, kahea aku ka mea
nana kela kupapau i ke kupuna i
make mua iloko o ua lua nei,
penei e kahea ai: “E mea e, eia
mai kau keiki.” A ina e haule loa
ke kupapau iloko o ka wai, a pio
ke anuenue, alaila aole ona
makamaka e pili ana ia ia, aka o
ka mea makamaka, hopu mai no
lakou ia ia ke hoolei ia aku, o ka
ili mai la no ia i ka pali, aole e
haule iloko o ka wai. A mahope
iho o ka nalo ana, alaila, hoi mai
a ka hale, alaila, uwe nui a
kanikau. Eia no hoi, ina e amo ia
ana ua kupapau nei mamua a o
kana mea i aloha ai mahope loa,
aole e hiki ana, e hoololohe ana
ke kupapau, aia no o kana mea i
aloha mahope iho o ka kupapau
alaila, aole e hoololohe. Eia ka
olelo a ka mea nana ke
kupapau: “Kaino paha he aloha
kou ia’u, aole ka, ina penei kau
hana haihai ia kou mau wahi
iwi.” A pau kana olelo ana pela,
a alualu mai ka ke kupapau, a o
ka mama no ia a hiki i kahi e
kanu ia ai. Haliilii ia ka lua a
maikai, a waiho ia no hoi ke
kupapau, o ke poo ma ka hikina,
thought you loved me, but you
do not; if you act like this, your
bones will be broken.” When he
has finished saying that, the
corpse will acquiesce, and it will
be light work carrying it to the
place of burial. The grave should
be well lined, and the corpse laid
to rest, the head towards the
east, the feet towards the west. 8
It is wrong to lay the corpse with
the head towards the west, for it
would appear as a ghost. When
the body is buried, the friend
should repeat these words: “Do
not go wandering to houses, but
stay quietly here; you have food,
fish and clothes.”
Another thing: Some people
when they see that a person is
dead would strip the flesh from
the bones and make them into
knives or fish-hooks; or else they
would be hung up in the house,
so that the loved ones may go
and see them. Some of the
corpses are taken to the sea or
water and thrown in, so that they
may become shark- or lizard-
gods.
Here are the secret graves
o ka wawae ma ke komohana.
Eia ka hewa, o ka mea waiho ia
ke poo ma ke komohana, o ka
hele mai e lapu. A pau ia, eia ka
olelo a ka mea nana ke
kupapau: “Mai hele i kauhale,
noho maile no, he ai no he ia no,
he kapa no.”
Eia kekahi. O kekahi poe, ike
lakou ua make ke kanaka,
holehole ia na iwi a pau ka io,
hana no ka i pahi, i makau, a i
ole ia kau malie no iloko o ka
hale i noho no ke aloha, hele
aku no e nana. A o kekahi
kupapau, ua lawe ia ma ke kai e
kiola ia ai, a ma ka wai paha, i
akua mano a me ka moo lakou.
Eia no hoi na lua huna i kanu ia
wherein the chiefs of Nuu were
buried: Makaopalena, Kealaohia
and Puukelea, all on the side of
Haleakala on the eastern side of
Maui. Hanohano and Alalakeiki
are others. At Alalakeiki a
number of men from Hawaii who
had brought a corpse to be
hidden were killed. When those
men from Hawaii had gone into
the cave a man of the place,
Niuaawaa by name, came along
and closed up the mouth of the
cave with stones, and those
people stayed in there until they
died. There is no living man who
knows any of these secret burial
places, 9 so well hidden are they.
concerning the soul
after a person’s
death.
The Hawaiians are not agreed in
the idea as to what becomes of
the soul after a person dies.
They say that the soul has three
abiding places, namely: the
volcano, in the water, and on dry
plains like the plains of
Kamaomao and Kekaa. 10
ai na alii o Nuu; o Makaopalena,
Kealaohia, o Puukelea, aia ma
ke alo o Haleakala, ma Maui
Hikina lakou apau. O Hanohano
ame Alalakeiki kekahi, a ma
Alalakeiki kahi i make ai o na
kanaka mai Hawaii mai i lawe
mai i ke kupapau e huna ai, a
pau kela poe kanaka no Hawaii
mai i ke komo iloko o ka lua, hiki
mai kekahi kanaka kamaaina, o
Niuaawaa ka inoa, a pani i ka
waha o ka lua i ka pohaku,
malaila lakou i noho ai a pau i ka
make. Aole kanaka e ola ana i
ike i kekahi o keia mau lua huna,
ua nalo loa.
no ka uhane mahope
iho o ka make ana o ke
kanaka.
Aneane kulike ole ka manao o
na kanaka Hawaii nei no ka
uhane mahope iho o ka make
ana o ke kino. Ekolu wahi e
noho ai ka uhane, wahi a lakou,
oia hoi: o ka lua Pele, oloko o na
wai, a me na aina maloo, e like
me ke kula o Kamaomao, a me
Kekaa.
Should a chief die, or any of his
own men, or the servants of
Pele, then their souls will go to
the volcano, and the servants of
Pele and other men will serve as
they [574]served in this world. 11
And the servant of Pele will be
his caretaker, who will lord it over
his stewards or even over his
own body servants. When the
soul is living there, should some
one wish to see it, then this is
the process: go with a servant of
Pele, and he will call by chanting
one of the chants of that chief.
Some say that should a person
die and is buried at the edge of a
river, or a spring, or a
watercourse, then his soul will
enter another body such as a
shark’s, or an eel’s, or any other
living body of the sea. Those that
are buried by a body of fresh
water will enter that stream and
become a large okuhekuhe or
tailed-lizard; and if buried on dry
land, then they will enter the
body of an owl, and such like.
These things which are entered
Ina i make ke kino o na ’lii, a o
kona mau kanaka ponoi paha, a
me na kahu Pele, alaila, e hoi ko
lakou uhane i ka lua o Pele, a e
lawelawe mai na kahu Pele, a
me [575]na kanaka, e like me ka
noho ana ma keia ao. A o na
kahu Pele, o lakou kona poe
puuku, a he mau luna hoi
maluna o na kanaka ai puupuu,
a i ole ia, o kona poe kahu ponoi
no. I ka noho ana o ka uhane
malaila, ina makemake kekahi e
ike ia lakou, alaila, penei e ike ai,
e hele pu me ke kahu Pele, a na
ke kahu Pele e kahea aku; me
ka mele o kela alii e hea aku ai.
Olelo mai kekahi poe, ina i make
kekahi kanaka a kanu ia ma ke
kae o ka muliwai, a o ka
punawai, a o ka auwai paha,
alaila, e komo ana ka uhane
iloko o kekahi mea kino e ae, i
ka mano paha, ka puhi paha, a
me na mea e ae o ka moana;
aka, o na mea ma ka lihiwai, e
komo lakou iloko o ka muliwai, a
lilo i Okuhekuhe nui, a i mau
moo huelo, a ina ma ka aina
maloo, alaila, e komo ana iloko o
ka pueo, a me na mea ano like.
by the souls of men become
guides 12 to their friends who are
living. This is what the soul
which has entered these things
would do: It would proceed and
enter his friend, and when it has
possessed him, the soul would
eat regular food until satisfied,
then go back. And he would
repeatedly do that. And this
friend, should he have any
trouble on land, such as war,
then the owl 13 would lead him to
a place of safety; and if in fresh
water, the lizard and such like
would keep him safe; and if the
trouble is in the ocean, the shark
and such like would care for him.
This is one reason why a great
many people are prohibited from
eating many things.
Another thing: The soul also
lives on a dry plain after the
death of the body; and such
places are called ka leina a ka
uhane (the casting-off place of
the soul). This name applies to
wherever in Hawaii nei people
lived. Following are the places
O keia mau mea i komo ia e ka
uhane o na kanaka, ua lilo lakou
i mau mea e alakai ana i ko
lakou poe e ola ana. Penei ka
hana ana a keia uhane i komo
iloko o keia mau mea kino. Hele
hou aku no ia, a komo iloko o
kona makamaka, a no kona
noho ana iluna ona, a ai mai
keia uhane i ka ai maoli a
maona, alaila, hoi aku, a pela
mau ka hana ana. A o keia poe
makamaka, ina he pilikia ko
lakou ma ka aina, no ke kaua ia
mai, alaila, na ka pueo e alakai
ia lakou ma kahi e pakele ai. A
ina ma ka muliwai, na ka moo, a
me na mea ano like e malama ia
lakou. A ina ma ka moana ka
pilikia, na ka mano e malama, a
me na mea ano like. No keia
mau mea ka hookapu ana o na
kanaka i kekahi mau mea ai he
nui wale.
Eia kekahi: Aia ma ka aina
maloo kahi e noho ai ka uhane
mahope iho o ka make ana o ke
kino, a ua kapaia keia mau wahi
o ka leina a ka uhane. Ua lawa
keia inoa ma na wahi a pau o
Hawaii nei kahi i noho ai ke
kanaka. O kahi e noho ai ka
where the souls live: For the
people of Niihau, Kapapakiikii,
and a second one is at Mauloku,
Lehua; for the Kauai people, at
Hanapepe; for the Oahu people
at Kaimalolo; for the Molokai
people, at the boundary of
Koolau and Kona, at the district
of Wainene; for the Lanai people,
at Hokunui; for the Maui people,
there are two places, at Kekaa
and the plains of Kamaomao;
and for the Hawaii people, there
are three places, at Hilo, at
Waipio, and at Palilua. All these
places are known as the casting-
off places of souls. 14 Should a
soul get to any of these places it
will be impossible for it to come
back again.
Still another thing: Should the
body die, the soul may appear
as if in the flesh; then there
becomes no more night to the
soul, only light. The chiefs have
a separate place to dwell in, and
the warriors have a different
place. Sports are carried on
there as during real life, such as
throwing the spear, guessing the
hidden no’a, 15 coasting down hill,
surfing, fencing, wrestling; there
uhane o ko Niihau poe,
Kapapakiikii, o ka lua, Mauloku,
ma Lehua, ko Kauai aia ma
Hanapepe, ko Oahu o
Kaimalolo, ko Molokai aia ma ka
palena o Koolau a me Kona, o
Wainene ka aina nui. Ko Lanai,
Hokunui, ko Maui elua wahi e
noho ai, o Kekaa a me ke kula o
Kamaomao, a ko Hawaii ekolu
wahi e noho ai, o Hilo, Waipio a
me ka Palilua. O keia mau wahi
a pau, ua kapaia o ka leina a ka
uhane. Ina e hiki ka uhane ma
keia mau wahi aole hiki ke hoi
hou mai.
Eia no kekahi: Ina make ke kino,
hele no ka uhane me ke ano o
ke kino, pela no ka uhane e hele
ai, aole no hoi he po, he ao wale
no. Okoa ko na ’lii wahi e noho
ai, okoa ko na koa. Malaila na
hana a pau e like me ka wa e ola
ana, oo ihe, puhenehene,
heeholua, heenalu, moku, lua,
he nui ka ai, he ai ulu wale no;
uala, kalo, ape, ia mea aku ia
mea aku, a no keia manao o
is plenty of food, food which lakou, a i make ke kino, e kanu
needed no cultivation, such as pu ia ka ai, ia, paka, wai, kila ahi,
potatoes, taro, ape, etc.; and o-o, ihe, koi, pahi, manao lakou
because of this people think e hana ka uhane me keia mau
when the body is dead the mea ma ia wahi. [577]
following should be provided:
Food, fish, tobacco, water, steel
on which to strike flint and obtain
fire, o-o, spear, axe, knife;
because they think the soul will
need these things to work with at
that place.

Another thing: Some people Eia kekahi: Manao kekahi poe,

think that the soul has no abiding
place, but only [576]wanders
about, and then comes and
enters a living person. Such a
soul is called “wind,” or
“unihipili”—the spirit of a
deceased person. That is what
people in the olden time thought.
he hele wale no ka uhane, a hoi,
a noho iluna o ke kanaka e ola
ana. Kapaia kela uhane he
Makani, a he Unihipili. Oia na
manao o kanaka kahiko.
S. Kamaka.

S. Kamaka.

STORY OF THE HE MOOLELO NO KA

OHELO. OHELO.
I do not know what the ohelo is
used for, but I do know that it is
good to eat. I have seen only
one kind of ohelo: the creeping
ohelo; the ohelo bush plant 16 I
have not seen. It is thought the
ohelo originated in two places: 1,
in Kahiki; 2, here in Hawaii.
Therefore let us now consider its
being received from Kahiki. 17
Kaohelo was a fine-formed
woman; her face was good to
look upon. Her older sisters were
Pele, Hiiaka and Malulani. 18
Their birthplace and where they
lived for a long time was
Nuumealani, 19 a place at the
border of Kahiki. While they were
living there in harmony, and with
love each had for the other, there
arrived from Hawaii a man
named Aukelenuiaiku. 20 Upon
his arrival there he waged war
and conquered the land, and that
was why Kaohelo and the others
left their birthplace and came
here to Hawaii.
When they arrived here Malulani
O na hana a ka ohelo, aole au i
ike, o ka’u mea no nae i ike, he
mea ai. Hookahi no nae a’u
ohelo i ike, oia ka ohelo
neepapa, o ka ohelo ku i luna,
aole au i ike. He elua wahi i
manao ia’i kahi i loaa mai ai ka
ohelo: 1, No Kahiki mai; 2, No
Hawaii nei iho no.
Nolaila, maanei kakou e ike iho
ai o kona loaa ana mai mai
Kahiki mai. O Kaohelo, he
wahine u-i a maikai kona
helehelena i ka nana’ku, a o
kona mau hanau mua, o Pele, o
Hiiaka, a me Malulani. O ko
lakou nei aina hanau i noho ai
hoi a kupa, o Nuumealani, aia no
ia wahi Kukuluokahiki. Ia lakou
nei hoi e noho ana, me ka oluolu
a me ke aloha kekahi i kekahi, a
ma i hope iho, holo aku la kekahi
kanaka o Hawaii nei, o
Aukelenuiaiku kona inoa, a i
kona hiki ana ’ku ilaila, o ke kaua
iho ’la no ia a lilo ka aina ia
Aukelenuiaiku; oia ke kumu o ko
Kaohelo ma hele ana mai i
Hawaii nei, a haalele aku i ke
one hanau.
I ko lakou nei hele ana mai, ma