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Contemporary Human Geography, 2e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 7 Ethnicity

1) Geographers are concerned with ethnicity because


A) it is a core element of culture that individuals always carry with them.
B) it is another term for race.
C) ethnicities are always changing.
D) folk and popular ethnicities sometimes come into conflict.
E) it is the best way to divide people into countries.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

2) President Barack Obama is a good example of the


A) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
B) confusion over ethnicity and race in Kenya.
C) biological basis for classifying humans.
D) principle of the distribution of persons of color.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

3) An equivalent, alternative term to Hispanic is


A) Chicano/Chicana.
B) Latino/Latina.
C) Mexican.
D) Spanish.
E) Spanish American.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

1
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Which of the following is not an element of cultural diversity?
A) language
B) religion
C) ethnicity
D) race
E) art
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

5) The most numerous ethnicity in the United States is


A) African American.
B) Asian American.
C) Latino/Hispanic.
D) American Indian and Alaska Native.
E) Austral-Asian.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

6) Comparing ethnicity and race reveals


A) they are very similar concepts.
B) ethnicity is part of a person's cultural identity but race is not.
C) race is a better indicator of what someone is like than ethnicity.
D) it is possible not to have an ethnicity but everyone belongs to a race.
E) both are biologically determined but only race involves skin color.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Race is
A) characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.
B) self-identification with a group sharing a biological ancestor.
C) determinable from physical characteristics.
D) evenly distributed around the world.
E) defined by statute in most states.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

8) Racism is belief in
A) the biological classification of people.
B) superiority of some groups because of racial identity.
C) inferiority of other groups because of racial identity.
D) all of the above
E) B and C
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Explain the basis of racism

9) Native Americans and Alaska Natives together make up what percentage of the total United
States population?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 8
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

3
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
10) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race?
A) Japanese
B) Black
C) Hispanic/Latino
D) White
E) Samoan
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Analyze how the US Bureau of the Census recognizes and classifies
races

11) African Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
A) Southeast
B) Southwest
C) Plains states
D) Pacific Northwest
E) Northeast
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

12) Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
A) Southwest
B) West
C) Plains states
D) Northeast
E) Southeast
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

4
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States?
A) Northeast, cities
B) West, Southwest
C) Southwest, Southeast
D) cities
E) Pacific Northwest, Plains states
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

Figure 7.2.1

14) This map displays the distribution of what ethnicity in the United States?
A) Hispanic
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) American Indian
E) European
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

5
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.2.2

15) This map displays the distribution of what ethnicity in the United States?
A) Hispanic
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) American Indian
E) European
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

6
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.2.3

16) This map displays the distribution of what ethnicity in the United States?
A) Hispanic
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) American Indian
E) European
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

7
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.2.4

17) This map displays the distribution of what ethnicity in the United States?
A) Hispanic
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) American Indian
E) European
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

18) African American and Hispanic ethnicities are


A) racially similar.
B) not measured by the U.S. Census.
C) similarly distributed across the United States.
D) never found near one another.
E) both spatially concentrated in neighborhoods within large American cities.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe how clustering of ethnicities can occur on two scales

8
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) The largest proportion of Asian Americans are from
A) Vietnam.
B) Japan.
C) China.
D) the Philippines.
E) Korea.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

20) Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
A) neighborhoods and locations.
B) schools and education.
C) language.
D) religion and food.
E) political affiliation.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.

21) The ethnic heritage of most African Americans has roots in


A) forced migration from Africa.
B) common language traditions.
C) skin color, facial features, and hair type.
D) living in central urban locations.
E) migration from Europe to North America.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

9
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
22) African Americans migrated out of the American South as a consequence of
A) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of color.
B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.
C) the development of better highways, allowing for rapid and efficient travel.
D) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal mines and the California gold rush.
E) All of these were factors influencing the migration.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

10
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.3.5

23) Which of the below is the best explanation for the pattern of diffusion shown in the maps?
A) Early migrants were reluctant to move into the countryside since the city was all they knew.
B) African Americans first migrated to neighborhoods where other African Americans lived.
C) Baltimore passed a law in 1940 allowing African Americans to migrate.
D) Growth resulted from natural increase in the African American population.
E) Baltimore was the destination of large numbers of refugees.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States
11
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
24) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in
the United States?
A) rural to urban within the state
B) change to sharecropping
C) relocation to northern cities
D) movement out of inner-cities
E) relocation to coastal cities
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

25) From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos


A) increased.
B) remained the same.
C) decreased.
D) inverted.
E) fluctuated.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

26) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried
A) cloth and trinkets.
B) rum and molasses.
C) slaves.
D) gold and silver.
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Hypothesize as to why the triangular slave trading pattern was
initiated

12
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
27) Discrimination because of race in the United States
A) once allowed for the physical separation of races.
B) has occurred since the formation of the country.
C) prohibited black people from living in many neighborhoods.
D) continues today.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Explain how races were legally segregated in the United States and
South Africa

28) The "separate but equal" doctrine was legally established by


A) states.
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) Brown v. Board of Education.
D) the Missouri Compromise.
E) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Illustrate how spatial interactions in the United States were affected
by the notion of "separate but equal"

29) The Plessy v. Ferguson court decision resulted in


A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants.
B) the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality.
C) the required integration of schools.
D) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
E) B and D.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Illustrate how spatial interactions in the United States were affected
by the notion of "separate but equal"

13
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
30) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled
A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.
B) "white flight" was illegal but there was no way to prove a move was motivated by racism.
C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional.
D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same
quality.
E) B and D.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Illustrate how spatial interactions in the United States were affected
by the notion of "separate but equal"

31) What was apartheid?


A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa
B) South Africa's governmental system
C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa
D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa
E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Describe the history and geographic effect of apartheid laws in South
Africa

32) People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included all but
A) Caucasians.
B) Jews.
C) blacks.
D) Roman Catholics.
E) All of these groups have been restricted by covenants.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Explain how races were legally segregated in the United States and
South Africa

14
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
33) Under apartheid, the South African government
A) allowed blacks to vote but not to own property.
B) allowed blacks and whites to attend school together but not to work together.
C) created "homelands" for blacks to legitimize discrimination.
D) continued the slave trade.
E) supported the goals of the African National Congress.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Describe the history and geographic effect of apartheid laws in South
Africa

34) Nationalism
A) is loyalty and devotion to a nationality.
B) can have a negative impact.
C) is a centripetal force.
D) may be symbolized by flags and songs.
E) all of these choices are correct.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

35) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is
A) nationalism.
B) nation-state.
C) nation.
D) state.
E) multiculturalism.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

15
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
36) A nationality is
A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
B) a country.
C) ethnic identity.
D) any cohesive group of people.
E) a group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

37) In the United States, which is shared by all Americans?


A) nationality
B) language
C) ethnicity
D) race
E) gender
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

38) Elements of nationalism include all but


A) common culture.
B) shared attitudes.
C) shared emotions.
D) political structure.
E) state symbols.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

16
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
39) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States?
A) network television
B) the flag
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
D) "The Star Spangled Banner"
E) baseball
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.3: Explain the concept of a centripetal force, and describe its
relationship to nationalism

40) The distinction between nationality and ethnicity is important because


A) nationalities usually form independent countries.
B) it is similar to the difference between race and ethnicity.
C) nationality is inherited but ethnicity is not.
D) ethnicity is considered more important than nationality.
E) nationality is considered more important than ethnicity.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

41) Which of the following ethnic groups does not share the nationality of the others?
A) English
B) Normans
C) Welsh
D) Scots
E) Northern Irish
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.1: Explain how the United Kingdom is an example of a multiethnic state
and describe the four main groups

17
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
42) The Kurds
A) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans.
C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.
D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in
every one.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.2: Identify the geographic distribution of the Kurds and hypothesize how
they came to be a stateless ethnicity

43) The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of
A) ethnic groups.
B) religious groups.
C) changes in the majority between religious groups.
D) independent armies.
E) famine.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.3: Compare and contrast conflicts between ethnicities in Lebanon and
Sri Lanka

44) Which religion is one of the three most important in Lebanon?


A) Daoism
B) Hinduism
C) Druze
D) Judaism
E) Sikhism
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.3: Compare and contrast conflicts between ethnicities in Lebanon and
Sri Lanka

18
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
45) Ethnic war in Sri Lanka ended
A) with the surrender of the Sinhalese.
B) in a cease-fire brokered by the UN.
C) with independence from colonial occupation.
D) with the defeat of the Tamils
E) It has not ended; the civil war continues today.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.3: Compare and contrast conflicts between ethnicities in Lebanon and
Sri Lanka

46) Western Asia is


A) larger than eastern Asia.
B) ethnically composed of Iraqis, Iranians, Pakistanis, and Afghans.
C) also known as the Middle East.
D) ethnically homogenous because it is more than 90% Muslim.
E) very ethnically diverse.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 7.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.7.1: Hypothesize the consequences of the lack of correspondence between
ethnic and national boundaries in Western Asia

47) Afghanistan
A) has a long history of ethnic conflict.
B) is divided roughly in half between Shiite and Sunni Muslims.
C) was a peaceful country until the Taliban gained control of the government.
D) is composed mostly of the Afghan ethnicity.
E) includes Abkazians and Ossetians.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 7.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.7.1: Hypothesize the consequences of the lack of correspondence between
ethnic and national boundaries in Western Asia

19
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
48) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
A) war.
B) migrational push factors.
C) racism.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) white flight.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.1: Explain ethnic cleansing and its role in recent Balkan history

49) Josip Broz Tito


A) encouraged ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina of Bosnian Muslims.
B) served as a centripetal force for Yugoslavia.
C) was elected to lead a newly independent Kosovo.
D) created the term "Balkanization."
E) was born in Albania but claimed Serbian ethnicity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.1: Explain ethnic cleansing and its role in recent Balkan history

50) Balkanization refers to


A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.
B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.
C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) religions splintering into opposing groups.
Answer: B
Diff: 5
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.3: Discuss how Balkanization leads to the breakdown of states

20
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Figure 7.8.3

51) Examining this map of Bosnia & Herzegovina reveals


A) Bosnia & Herzegovina today is a very unstable country.
B) Croats face daily discrimination.
C) ethnic cleansing removed many Bosnian Muslims.
D) Bosnians and Croats united against Serbs.
E) the greatest conflict was over Kosovo, which is now independent.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 6-Evaluation
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.1: Explain ethnic cleansing and its role in recent Balkan history

52) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused by


A) ethnic cleansing.
B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
C) rivalries among ethnicities.
D) NATO.
E) espionage by Russian agents.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.3: Discuss how Balkanization leads to the breakdown of states

21
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
53) Sudan has seen ethnic conflict in all but which of the following regions?
A) Darfur
B) South Sudan
C) the eastern front. with Eritrea
D) Khartoum
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 7.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.9.1: Describe the outcome of ethnic competition in Sudan

54) The conflict in Rwanda


A) spilled over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
B) was a civil war, not a genocide.
C) consisted of mass killings of Hutus by Tutsis.
D) developed from differences that occurred only after independence from colonialism.
E) began in 2001.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 7.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.9.2: Describe how the long-standing conflict between the Hutus and Tutsis
has affected Central Africa

55) "African American" and "black" are synonymous.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Analyze how the US Bureau of the Census recognizes and classifies
races

56) Ethnic groups in the United States no longer conflict with one another.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.2: Describe how ethnicity and nationality are viewed in North America

22
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
57) Chicago's neighborhoods exhibit a high degree of ethnic clustering.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Apply the concept of scale to the distribution of ethnicities within
urban areas

58) Clustering of ethnicities is most pronounced at the neighborhood level in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Apply the concept of scale to the distribution of ethnicities within
urban areas

59) Slavery has occurred around the world, though it is now abolished in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Explain how the history of slavery is a major factor in the distribution
of African Americans

60) African American northward migration followed the major U.S. highways.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

61) The largest number of slaves shipped across the Atlantic went to North America.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

23
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
62) The term ghettos identifies only the African American neighborhoods in the United States.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Apply the concept of scale to the distribution of ethnicities within
urban areas

63) Plessy v. Ferguson ended racial discrimination in U.S. schools.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Explain how races were legally segregated in the United States and
South Africa

64) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ended racial discrimination in U.S. schools.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Explain how races were legally segregated in the United States and
South Africa

65) Everyone with the same nationality by default shares an ethnicity.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

66) Nationalism is an important example of a centrifugal force.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.3: Explain the concept of a centripetal force, and describe its
relationship to nationalism

24
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
67) A majority of people in Lebanon are Muslim.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.3: Compare and contrast conflicts between ethnicities in Lebanon and
Sri Lanka

68) All Kurds are Iraqis, but not all Iraqis are Kurds.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

69) Persians are the largest ethnic group that adheres to Shiite Islam.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.7.2: Identify the major ethnic groups of Western Asia and the nations in
which they are distributed

70) Kosovo is recognized as independent by all major countries of the world.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.2: Identify ethnicities of the former Yugoslavia

71) Genocide in Rwanda involved Hutus murdering Tutsis.


Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 7.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-Knowledge
Geo Standard: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
Learning Outcome: 7.9.2: Describe how the long-standing conflict between the Hutus and Tutsis
has affected Central Africa

25
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
72) What U.S. government agency does not consider Hispanic or Latino to be a race?
Answer: The U.S. Census Bureau.
Diff: 3
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-Application
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Analyze how the US Bureau of the Census recognizes and classifies
races

73) One-half of all Asian Americans live in what U.S. state?


Answer: California
Diff: 2
Section: 7.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 4-Analysis
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the regional distributions of ethnicities in the United States

74) A system of racial discrimination in South Africa was called ________.


Answer: apartheid
Diff: 2
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.

75) Where are the Kurdish people found?


Answer: Predominantly in Turkey and Iraq; also Iran and Syria
Diff: 2
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.

76) How might the ethnic makeup of Iraq present challenges to political stability there?
Answer: Many nationalities and ethnicities are found within its borders.
Diff: 2
Section: 7.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.

77) Define the term "balkanization."


Answer: The breakdown of a state from ethnic conflict
Diff: 2
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
26
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
78) Explain the difference between race and ethnicity.
Answer: Race is self-identification with a biological ancestor; ethnicity is self-identification
with a cultural hearth or homeland. Race is inherited and ethnicity is learned. Race may also be
socially constructed based on certain physical features.
Diff: 3
Section: 7.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 2-Comprehension
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race

79) Describe the migration patterns that have shaped the African-American ethnic identity.
Answer: Forced migration from Africa; migration to Northern (and Western) cities; migration
out of the ghettoes of northern cities.
Diff: 3
Section: 7.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 4-Analysis
Geo Standard: 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Differentiate between the three major migration flows that have
shaped the current distribution of African Americans within the United States

80) How is ethnicity different from nationality?


Answer: Nationality is identification with a country while ethnicity is identification with a
cultural hearth or homeland. For example, it is possible for different ethnicities to share one
nationality.
Diff: 3
Section: 7.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 6-Evaluation
Geo Standard: 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Learning Outcome: 7.5.1: Identify the concept of nationality and distinguish it from race and
ethnicity

81) Describe the geographical implications of South Africa's "apartheid" laws.


Answer: Varies
Diff: 4
Section: 7.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 4-Analysis
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Describe the history and geographic effect of apartheid laws in South
Africa

27
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
82) Sri Lanka had a long-running conflict between its two main groups of people. Describe the
two groups and the major concern of the losing group now that the war has ended.
Answer: Tamil and Sinhalese; The Tamil fear that their military defeat jeopardizes their ethnic
identity.
Diff: 3
Section: 7.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 6-Evaluation
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Glob Sci Outcome: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Outcome: 7.6.3: Compare and contrast conflicts between ethnicities in Lebanon and
Sri Lanka

83) Describe the ethnic conflicts that happened after the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Section: 7.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 4-Analysis
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Glob Sci Outcome: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Outcome: 7.8.2: Identify ethnicities of the former Yugoslavia

84) Explain the origins of one recent genocide in Sudan.


Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Section: 7.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 4-Analysis
Geo Standard: 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the
division and control of Earth's surface.
Glob Sci Outcome: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Outcome: 7.9.1: Describe the outcome of ethnic competition in Sudan

28
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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