Professional Documents
Culture Documents
celestial astronomy
celestial astronomy
Search
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Contents
hide
(Top)
Positional phenomena
Ancient structures associated with positional astronomy include
See also
References
External links
Spherical astronomy
32 languages
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Tools
Appearance
hide
Text
Small
Standard
Large
Width
Standard
Wide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Diagram of several
terms in positional astronomy
Spherical astronomy, or positional astronomy, is a branch of observational
astronomy used to locate astronomical objects on the celestial sphere, as seen at a
particular date, time, and location on Earth. It relies on the mathematical methods
of spherical trigonometry and the measurements of astrometry.
This is the oldest branch of astronomy and dates back to antiquity. Observations of
celestial objects have been, and continue to be, important for religious
and astrological purposes, as well as for timekeeping and navigation. The science of
actually measuring positions of celestial objects in the sky is known as astrometry.
The primary elements of spherical astronomy are celestial coordinate systems and
time. The coordinates of objects on the sky are listed using the equatorial coordinate
system, which is based on the projection of Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.
The position of an object in this system is given in terms of right ascension (α)
and declination (δ). The latitude and local time can then be used to derive the
position of the object in the horizontal coordinate system, consisting of
the altitude and azimuth.
The coordinates of celestial objects such as stars and galaxies are tabulated in
a star catalog, which gives the position for a particular year. However, the combined
effects of axial precession and nutation will cause the coordinates to change slightly
over time. The effects of these changes in Earth's motion are compensated by the
periodic publication of revised catalogs.
Positional phenomena[edit]
Planets which are in conjunction form a line which passes through the
center of the Solar System.
The ecliptic is the plane which contains the orbit of a planet, usually in
reference to Earth.
Elongation refers to the angle formed by a planet, with respect to the
system's center and a viewing point.
A quadrature occurs when the position of a body (moon or
planet) is such that its elongation is 90° or 270°; i.e. the body-
earth-sun angle is 90°
Superior planets have a larger orbit than Earth's, while the inferior
planets (Mercury and Venus) orbit the Sun inside Earth's orbit.
A transit may occur when an inferior planet passes through a point of
conjunction.
Ancient structures associated with positional astronomy
include[edit]
Main article: Archaeoastronomy
Arkaim
Chichen Itza
The Medicine Wheel
The Pyramids
Stonehenge
The Temple of the Sun
See also[edit]
Astrological aspects
Astrogeodesy
Astrometry
Celestial coordinate system
Celestial mechanics
Celestial navigation
Diurnal motion
Eclipse
Ecliptic
Elongation
Epoch
Equinox
Halley, Edmond
History of Astronomy
Jyotish
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Occultation
Parallax
Retrograde and prograde motion
Sidereal time
Solstice
References[edit]
Robin M. Green, Spherical Astronomy, 1985, Cambridge University
Press, ISBN 0-521-31779-7
William M. Smart, edited by Robin M. Green, Textbook on Spherical
Astronomy, 1977, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29180-1.
(This classic text has been re-issued)
External links[edit]
Software
Astronomy
Outline
History
Timeline
Astronomer
Astronomical symbols
Astronomical object
Glossary
my Amateur
Observational
Manner
Sidewalk
Space telescope
Galactic / Extragalactic
Celestial
Local system
subject
Solar
Radio
Submillimetre
Infrared (Far-infrared)
Visible-light (optical)
EM methods
Ultraviolet
X-ray
History
Gamma-ray
Neutrino
Cosmic rays
Gravitational radiation
Other
High-energy
methods
Radar
Spherical
Multi-messenger
List
Category
Extremely large telescope
Extremely Large Telescope
Gran Telescopio Canarias
l
Hale Telescope
es
Hubble Space Telescope
Keck Observatory
Large Binocular Telescope
Southern African Large Telescope
Very Large Telescope
d Archaeoastronomy
Astrobiology
Astrochemistry
Astroinformatics
Astrophysics
Astrology and astronomy
Astrometry
Astronomers Monument
Astroparticle physics
Binoculars
Constellation
IAU
Photometry
Planetarium
Planetary geology
Physical cosmology
Quantum cosmology
List of astronomers
French
Medieval Islamic
Russian
Women
Telescope
X-ray telescope
history
lists
Zodiac
Category
Commons
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Code of Conduct
Developers
Statistics
Cookie statement
Mobile view