Assignment 2 (Spring 24)

(Solution)
Circuit Theory (PHY301)
Marks: 30
Due Date: June 24, 2024

Q.1:
Use Mesh analysis to find current Io in the netwok. Identify and label each mesh
otherwise you will lose your marks. Label circuit diagram properly. [Marks:10]

Solution:
We label meshes for circuit as given below
From mesh 1
I1 = -5mA ---------- (1)
KVL for Mesh 2
6(I1 + I2 – I3) + 6(I2 – I3) +6I2 + 6 = 0
6I1 + 6I2 – 6I3 + 6I2 – 6I3 +6I2 + 6 = 0
6(- 5) + 18 I2 – 12I3 + 6 = 0
- 30 + 18 I2 – 12I3 + 6 = 0
18I2 – 12I3 – 24 = 0
3I2 – 2I3 = 4 --------- (2)
KVL for mesh 3
6I3 + 6(I3 – I2) + 6(I3 – I1 – I2) = 0
18I3 – 12 I2 – 6I1 = 0
18I3 – 12 I2 – 6(- 5) = 0
18I3 – 12 I2 = - 30
2I2 – 3 I3 = 5 --------- (3)
Solving (1), (2) and (3)
I2 = 0.4mA
I3 =-1.4mA
I0 = I2 = 0.4mA
Q.2:
Using Thevenin's Theorem, calculate the voltage drop across point A, B. Write each
step and draw circuit diagrams of calculation to get maximum marks. [Marks:10]

Solution:
Step 1: Open the terminal A, B at Load resistance RL, 10kΩ

Step 2: Calculating the Thevenin’s resistance Rth

Short circuiting the voltage source 24V

12kΩ and 4kΩ are in parallel, so

12x4/12+4
=48/16
=3kΩ
This 3kΩ becomes in series of 20kΩ, so
Rth= 3+20
Rth=23kΩ

Step 3: Calculating the Thevenin’s voltage Vth at open terminal A, B

Thevenin’s voltage Vth at open terminal A, B is

the voltage that drops across resistance 4kΩ, which can be found by series voltage divider as
V4kΩ= 24*4/12+4
V4kΩ= 96/16
V4kΩ= 6V
Vth=V4kΩ= 6V
Step 4: Equivalent Thevenin’s circuit
Re-inserting the load resistance RL in series of Vth and Rth

The voltage drop Vo, across point A, B can be calculated by Voltage divider formula
V10kΩ=10*6/10+23

V10kΩ=60/33

V10kΩ=1.81V

Q.3:

The circuit in figure below utilizes four identical diodes having n=1 and Is =10-14 A.
Find the value to obtain an output voltage Vo=3V, if a current of 1mA is drawn away
from the output terminal by a load, what is the change in output voltage. [Marks:10]

Solution:

For V =3V, so the voltage drop across each diode is 3/4 V= 0.75V
0

Thus, current I must be

V/nVT
I = Is e

VT=25 mV=0.025 volts

-14 0.75/0.025
= 10 e

=106.86mA
If a current of 1mA is drawn away from the terminals by means of a load, the current
though the diodes reduce to
106.86 – 1 = 105.86
Thus, the voltage across each diode changes by
I=105.68mA VD = 0.025 ln(105.68 x 10-3 / 10-14)

VD = 0.749V
So
∆V =0.75V- 0.749V =0.0010
The total decrease in V
0

V = 4 x 0.0010
0

= 0.0040v

……………Good Luck………………