SOLID MENSURATION

MODULE 6: Cavalieri’s Theorem and Solids

and Cube

ENGR. MELANNIE B. MENDOZA

Objectives
At the end of the lessons, you will be able to:
1. Apply Cavalier’s Theorem in solving the volume
of a solid;
2. Define a cube, its properties, and apply the
formula for real-life cases.
Cavalieri’s Theorem
Cavalieri’s Theorem. If in two solids of equal altitude
the sections made by planes parallel to and at the
same distance from their respective bases are always
equal, the volume of the solids are equal.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/Cavalieris-principle https://www.geogebra.org/m/rempbnv4

 Polyhedra and Cube
Polyhedra
 Polyhedra and Cube
Polyhedra
• Solid – any limited portion of space, bounded by
surfaces.
• Section of a Solid – the plane figure cut from the
solid by passing a plane through it.
• Polyhedron – solid bounded by planes.
• Edges of Polyhedron – are the intersections of the
bounding planes
• Faces - are the portions of the bounding planes
included by the edges.
• Vertices – are the intersection of the edges.
 Polyhedra
Types
POLYHEDRON FACES # OF FACES # OF EDGES # OF VERTICES

TETRA TRIANGLE 4 6 4
HEDRON
HEXA SQUARE 6 12 8
HEDRON
OCTA TRIANGLE 8 12 6
HEDRON
DODECA PENTAGON 12 30 20
HEDRON
ICOSA TRIANGLE 20 30 12
HEDRON
 Cube
A. Definition:

Cube - is a polyhedron whose six faces are all squares.

B. Properties:

1. The three dimensions of a cube are equal to each

other. Therefore, all edges are equal.
2. All the faces of a cube are congruent squares.
 Cube
C. Formulas: :
 Cube
Example 1: The JKL glass factory has an order for 500 glass paper
weights. Each is to be in the form of a cube. If this order requires
4,000 cu. In. of glass, what is the total surface area of one of the
paper weights?
Solution:
Let V be the volume of one of the cubes.
500 V
= 4,000,
or V = 8

But in terms of an edge s, 𝑉 = 𝑠 3

Equating the values of V from equations, we obtain
s3 = 8
or s = 2
TSA = 6𝑠 2
= 6(2)2
= 24 sq. in.
 Cube
Example 2: The total surface of a cube is 294 in2. Find the
measure of an edge and a diagonal of a cube.
Solution:
To find edge:
𝑇𝑆𝐴= 6𝑠2
𝑇𝑆𝐴= 294 𝑖𝑛2
294 𝑖𝑛2 = 6𝑠 2
294
s=
6
s=7
To find diagonal:𝑑= 𝑠 3
𝑑= 7 3in
 SOLID MENSURATION

MODULE 7: Parallelepiped and Prism

ENGR. MELANNIE B. MENDOZA

Objectives
At the end of the lessons, you will be able to:
1. Define a parallelepiped, its properties, and apply
the formula for real-life cases; and
2. Define a prism, its properties, and apply the
formula for real-life cases.
 Parallelepiped
A. Definition
A rectangular parallelepiped is a polyhedron whose six
faces are all rectangles.
B. Properties:
1. The parallel edges of a rectangular parallelepiped
are equal.
2. The opposite lateral faces of a rectangular
parallelepiped are equal and parallel.
3. Any two opposite faces of a rectangular
parallelepiped may be taken as the base.
4. Every section of a rectangular parallelepiped made
by a plane parallel to the base is equal in area to that
of the base.
 Parallelepiped
C. Formulas:
 Parallelepiped
Example 1: The length of a rectangular solid is three times the width and the
height is twice the width. Find the volume and the length of its diagonal if the
total surface area is 198 in2.
solution
Let x =width of the rectangular solid.
TSA = 2lw+2lh+2wh
TSA=(x)(3x) + 2(x)(2x) + 2(2x)(3x)
198 = 22x2
198
X= 22
x = 3 in.

V = lwh
V=3x(x) (2x)
V= 9(3) (6)
V= 162 in.3

d = 𝑙 2 + 𝑤 2 + ℎ2
d= 92 + 32 + 62
d= 11.22 in
 Parallelepiped
Example 2: A storage room has a rectangular floor 75 ft. by
45 ft. The walls are vertical and 25 ft. high. If there are no
windows, find the total area of the ceiling, wall, and floor.
Also, find the storage space of the room.
Solution:
TSA = 2𝑙𝑤+2𝑙ℎ+2𝑤ℎ
TSA = 2(75)(45) + 2(75)(25)+2(45)(25)
TSA = 12, 750 sq. ft.

V = lwh
V = (75)(45)(25)
V= 84, 375 cu. ft.
 Prism
A. Definition
A prism is a polyhedron of which two faces are equal
polygons in parallel planes, and the other faces are
parallelograms.
 Prism
B. Prism are named according to their bases:
1. Regular prism – right prism whose base are
regular polygons
2. Right prism – prism whose lateral faces or lateral
edges are perpendicular to the two bases.
3. Oblique prism – prism whose lateral faces or
lateral edges are not perpendicular to its bases
Note: Cube and rectangular prisms are special type of
prisms.
 Prism
C. Properties:
1. The bases are the equal polygons; the lateral area
is the sum of the areas of the remaining faces.
2. The intersection of the lateral faces are called the
lateral edges. These lateral edges are equal and
parallel.
3. The sections of a prism made by a parallel planes
cutting all the lateral edges are equal polygons.
4. The altitude of a prism is the perpendicular
distance between the planes of its bases
5. A right section of a prism is a section
perpendicular to the lateral edges.
 Prism
D. Formulas:
 Prism
Example 1: The bases of a triangular prism are 15 cm
apart. Find the volume and total surface area of the
prism if one side of the equilateral triangular base
measures 8 cm.
 Prism
Example 1: The bases of a triangular prism are 15 cm apart. Find the volume and total surface area of the
prism if one side of the equilateral triangular base measures 8 cm.

8
Solution:
1 2 15
Base Area: 𝐵 = 2
8 sin 60° 8

𝐵 = 27.71 cm2

Volume of a Prism: V =Bh

V= (27.71)(15)
V=415.65 cm3
LSA = 3 (Area of one rectangular face)
LSA=(3)(8)(15)
LSA= 360 cm2
TSA = 2B+ LSA
TSA= 2(27.71) + 360 cm2
TSA= 415.42 cm2
 Prism
Example 2: A piece of slab with two parallel equal bases each in the
form of a sector as shown in the figure weighs 10 grams per cubic
inch. Find its total mass in kilograms. With a height of 15ft an angle
of 35 degrees48' and with of 8".
Solution:
B = ½ r2θ
𝜋
B=½ (8)2 [35°48’ x ]
180°
B= 20 in.2
V =Bh
V= (20) (15)
V= 300 in.3
3 10𝑔 1𝑘𝑔
M = 300 in. ( )(
𝑖𝑛.3
)
1,000𝑔

M=3kg
 Prism
Example 3: The right section of a prism is in the form
of a rectangular hexagon in which the apothem
measures 5 cm, s=5.77cm. If the lateral area is 360cm2,
what is the length of one lateral edge of the prism?

Solution:
P=ns
P=6*5.77
P=34.64cm
e=LSA/P
e=360/34.64
e=10.39cm