KIPM-COLLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT

GIDA GORAKHPUR (UP)

Department of Business Administration
Course Title-IT-Skills Lab-1
Course Code- KMBN151

Practical File
In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(MBA)
From
Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University
Session-2023-24

Submitted by-
Aryak Kumar Tripathi Under Guidance of
MBA 1st semester Mr. Anurag Tripathi
Roll No.- Assistant Professor
 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Aryak Kumar Tripathi of MBA 1st Semester has carried out the work
presented in this project entitled “IT SKILL LAB-1” for the award of aster of Business
Administration (M.B.A.) degree from Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University (AKTU)
Lucknow, U.P. under my supervision. This Project embodies result of original work and the
contents of this project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the
candidate or to anybody else from this or any other University/Institution.

Mr.Anurag Tripathi
(Assistant Professor)
 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Aryak Kumar Tripathi of MBA 1st Semester has carried out the work
presented in this project entitled “IT SKILL LAB-1” for the award of Master of Business
Administration (M.B.A.) degree from Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University (AKTU)
Lucknow, U.P. under my supervision. This Project embodies result of original work and the
contents of this project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the
candidate or to anybody else from this or any other University/Institution.

Dr. Jaibeer Pratap Singh

(Director)
KIPM-College of Management
 Acknowledgement

I want to convey my heartfelt gratitude to my guide, Mr. Anurag Tripathi, for

their support and encouragement during the writing of this lab work. Their
expertise in the subject matter greatly contributed to the depth and quality of the
lab work.

Also, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Director Dr.Jaibeer

Pratap Singh, Head of Department, Dr. Dhirendra Bahadur Singh, and the
coordinator Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav for his unwavering support and
encouragement throughout this lab work. I am grateful for the opportunity to have
worked on this lab work under their guidance, and I am confident that my learning
and personal growth have been enriched as a result.

I would also like to thank my friends, for their feedback and support. Their input
was invaluable in helping me to develop and refine my ideas. Lastly, my family’s
support and encouragement were essential throughout the completion of this Lab
work.

Aryak Kumar Tripathi

 INDEX

QUESTIONS Page no.

Q.NO
1. Explain the functional unit of Computer system with the help 1-2
of diagram.
2. List any five input and output devices with their uses and 3-7
diagram.
3. Decribe the concept of operating system.Explain the feature 8-9
of windows operating system.
4. Explain the different types of visual display unit. 10-11

5. What is the purpose of the following. 12

(a) My computer
(b) Recyles bin
(c) Control Panel
(d) Task bar
6. Draw the picture of Application windows in Microsoft word 13-15
and explain in brief Types of application window and its
components.
7. Explain the different types of translator used in computer 16-17
language.
8. List the steps to perform the following action in window. 18-23
(a) Create a new folder ABC on desktop
(b) Date and time setting
(c) Formatting Paragraph
(d) Add borders and shading on the page
(e) To add graphics on slides
(f) Create a table in a word file
9. Explain the different types of cables used in computer 24-26
network for data communication.
10. How do you work on paint describe the paint window. 27-28

11. Explain the use of MS-access. Explain the process of creating 29-30
Data base in MS-access.
12. Write the steps to perform mail merge in MS-word. 31-32
13. Explain the different types of network. 33-36

14. Explain the use of power point and different tabs available in 37-39
power point.

15. Create a new presentation,Desigen a presentation,insret a 40-43

new slide and save the presentation.
 Q-1. Explain the functional unit of Computer System
with the help of diagram.

Computer Block Diagram System: Mainly computer system consists of three parts, that are
central processing unit (CPU), Input Devices, and Output Devices. The Central Processing Unit
(CPU) is divided into two parts again: arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit (CU). The
set of instruction is in the form of raw data.

A large amount of data is stored in the computer memory with the help of primary and secondary
storage devices. The CPU is like the heart/brain of the computer. The user does not get the
desired output, without the necessary option taken by the CPU. The Central processing unit
(CPU) is responsible for the processing of all the instructions which are given by the user to the
computer systems

The data is entered through input devices such as the keyboard, mouse, etc. This set of
instruction is processed by the CPU after getting the input by the user, and then the computer
system produces the output. The computer can show the output with the help of output devices to
the user, such as monitor, printer, etc.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Storage Unit

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Control Unit

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The computer system is nothing without the Central processing Unit so, it is also known as the
brain or heat of computer. The CPU is an electronic hardware devic which can perform
different types of operations such as arithmetic and logical operation.

The CPU contains two parts: the arithmetic logic unit and control unit.

Control Unit
The control unit (CU) controls all the activities or operations which are performed inside the
computer system. It receives instructions or information directly from the main memory of the
computer.

When the control unit receives an instruction set or information, it converts the instruction set to
control signals then; these signals are sent to the central processor for further processing. The
control unit understands which operation to execute, accurately, and in wh ch order.

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Arithmetic and Logical Unit
The arithmetic and logical unit is the combinational digital electronic circuit that can perform
arithmetic operations on integer binary numbers.It presents the arithmetic and logical operation.
The outputs of ALU will change asynchronously in response to the input. The basic arithmetic
and bitwise logic functions are supported by ALU.

Storage Unit
The information or set of guidelines are stored in the storage unit of the computer system. The
storage unit provides the space to store the data or instruction of processed data. The information
or data is saved or hold in computer memory or storage device. The data storage is the core
function and fundamental of the computer components.

2
Q-2. List any 5 Input & Output Devices with their uses and
diagram?

List of Input and Output Devices

There are different types of input and output devices. Let's discuss a few of them here.
Here is the list of examples of input and output devices.

Input devises Output Devices

Keyboard Monitor
Mouse Printer
Joystick Speaker
Microphone Projector
Scanner Headphones
Light pen Optical mark readers

3
2. Mouse: The mouse is the other commonly used input device. It is used to scroll
through the monitor. It is the cursor on the monitor. The mouse has two buttons: the right
click left click and a wheel in the centre for scrolling.

3. Joystick: A joystick is a hand-held input device used to control the movement or actions of a
digital object on a computer screen. It typically consists of a handle or a lever that can be tilted or
pushed in different directions to provide input to a computer or a gaming console.

4
4. Microphone: A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into
electronic signals and scribes them to a recording medium or over a loudspeaker.

3. Scanner: It is an important input device that allows converting hard copy documents into
digital files. There are different types of scanners based on their functionality.

Output Devices
1. Monitor: Every computer will have a monitor that displays the screen of the computer.
It looks similar to the television screen. The monitor is a basic example of output device.

5
2. Printer: A device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers
the information to paper is called a Printer. We have both black and white printers and
colour printers. To make it more familiar, our textbooks are printed using printers.

3. Speakers: Speaker is one of the most common output devices. They are used to hear
an audio or video file from a computer. Few computer systems have inbuilt speakers.

4. Projector :A projector is a device that allows you to display images, videos, or other
content on a large screen or surface. It works by projecting light through a lens, which magnifies
and focuses the image onto the desired surface, creating a larger representation of the content
being displayed.

6
5. Headphones : Headphones are a type of hardware output device that can be connected to a
computer's line-out or speakers port, as well as wirelessly using Bluetooth. They are also referred
to as earbuds. You can watch a movie or listen to audio without bothering anyone nearby by
using headphones.

7
 Q-3. Describe the concept of Operating System. Explain the
features of Windows Operating System

What is Windows Operating System?

Windows Operating System (OS) is a graphical user interface (GUI) based operating system
developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is designed to provide users with a user-friendly interface
to interact with their computers. The first version of the Windows Operating System was
introduced in 1985, and sin e then, it has undergone many updates and upgrades. Windows
Operating System is compatible with a wide range of hardware and software applications,
making it a popular choice for both personal and business computing. It has a built-in security
system to protect the computer from malware and viruses and provides a comprehensive file
management system that makes it easy for users to organize and access their files. Windows
Operating System also allows users to run multiple applications simultaneously, making it easy
to work on multiple tasks at the same time.

Features of Windows Operating System

Here are some features of the Windows Operating System:

Control Panel: The control Panel is a centralized location within Windows where users can
manage various system settings, including security and privacy, display, hardware and sound,
and programs. It provides users with access to a range of tools and settings, making it easy to
customize the Windows experience.

Internet Browser: An Internet Browser is a software application that allows users to access
and browse the Internet. Windows provides a built-in internet browser called Microsoft Edge,
which includes features such as tabbed browsing, search suggestions, and web notes.

File Explorer: File Explorer is a file management tool that allows users to browse, open, and
manage files and folders on their computers. It provides a user-friendly interface for users to
view and manage files and includes features such as search, copy, move, and delete.

Taskbar: Taskbar is a horizontal bar that appears at the bottom of the Windows desktop. It
provides quick access to frequently used applications and displays open windows and programs.
The taskbar also includes system icons such as volume, network, and battery status.

8
Microsoft Paint: Microsoft Paint is a graphics editing software that allows users to create and
edit images. It provides users with basic drawing tools such as a pencil, brush, and eraser, and
allows users to add shapes, text, and images to their designs.

Start Menu: Start Menu is a menu that appears when users click the Start button on the
Windows taskbar. It provides access to frequently used applications, settings, and files, and
includes a search bar that allows users to quickly find files and applications.

Task Manager: Task Manager is a system tool that allows users to view and manage running
applications and processes. It provides users with information about CPU and memory usage and
allows users to end unresponsive programs and processes.

Disk Cleanup: Disk Cleanup is a system tool that allows users to free up space on their hard
drives by removing unnecessary files and data. It scans the system for temporary files, cache, and
other unnecessary data, and provides users with the option to remove them.

Cortana: Cortana is a virtual assistant software that allows users to interact with their
computers using voice commands. It provides users with access to information, and reminders,
and can perform tasks such as sending emails and setting reminders.

9
 Q-4.Explain the different types of Visual Display
Unit?

Visual Display Units

Visual Display Units (VDUs), commonly referred to as monitors or display screens, are output
devices that present visual information generated by a computer. There are various types of
visual display units, each with its own characteristics and applications. Here are some common
types:

Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors:

CRT monitors were prevalent for many years before the widespread adoption of flat-panel
displays. They use a cathode-ray tube to display images.

These monitors are bulky and have a glass screen that can be curved. They were popular for
desktop computers and televisions.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors:

LCD monitors are thinner and lighter than CRT monitors. They use a liquid crystal solution
sandwiched between two layers of glass or plastic.

LCDs are widely used in various devices, including computer monitors, laptops, TVs, and digital
signage.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) Monitors:

LED monitors are a type of LCD monitor that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for
backlighting. This technology is more energy-efficient and can produce better color
reproduction.

LED monitors are commonly found in laptops, computer monitors, and high-definition
televisions.

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Displays:

OLED displays consist of organic compounds that emit light when an electric current is applied.
Unlike LCDs, OLEDs do not require a separate backlight, resulting in thinner and more flexible
displays.

OLED technology is used in high-end smartphones, TVs, and some premium computer monitors.

10
Plasma Display Panels (PDPs):
Plasma displays use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases (plasma) to emit
ultraviolet light, which then stimulates phosphors to produce visible light.

PDPs were popular for large-screen TVs but have become less common with the rise of LCD and
OLED technologies.

Touchscreen Displays:
Touchscreen displays allow users to interact directly with the screen by touching it. They can be
found in various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and interactive kiosks.

Common technologies include resistive, capacitive, and surface a oustic wave (SAW)
touchscreens.

Curved Displays:
Some monitors feature a curved screen, which is designed to provide a more immersive viewing
experience by wrapping the display around the viewer's field of vision. This is often seen in
gaming monitors and high-end TVs.

3D Displays:
3D displays are designed to create a sense of depth by presenting different images to each eye.
They were popular in some entertainment applications, but their use has diminished in recent
years.

E-paper Displays:
E-paper displays, also known as electronic paper or e-ink displays, mimic the appearance of
traditional paper. They are commonly used in e-readers due to their low power consumption and
high visibility in various lighting conditions.

11
 Q-5 What is the purpose of the following-

 The Purpose of My Computer

The preferred location for anyone wishing to browse their computer discs and control the stuff
on them used to be My Computer. But aside from that, it also included a shortcut (by right-
clicking and choosing "Properties") for fast accessing the "System Information" page. Together,
these two factors make "My Computer" the entry point to your whole computer, including all
discs and system details. Because of this, it was (and still is) arguably among the most crucial
components for a Windows user.

 The Purpose Of The Recycle Bin

The Recycle Bin acts a 'holding bay' for deleted items, such as files and folders (and even
shortcuts!). When you delete a file or folder, it is not deleted from your computer permanently.
Instead, Windows 7 places the deleted items into the Recycle Bin.

 The Purpose Of control panel:

A control panel is a graphical interface that allows users to manage settings and features. They
are often found in the context of native apps on desktop or mobile operating systems, where they
can be used to configure applications and the operating system itself.

 The Purpose of the taskbar:

The taskbar is an important p rt of the Windows operating system and is used to give users quick
access to all of their essential programs, applications, settings, and notifications. It can be found
in the bottom left corner of the screen or in the top right corner depending on what version of
Windows you are running.

12
Q6:Draw the picture of application windows in Microsoft word and
explain in brief types of application window and its components.

In Microsoft Word, an application window is the main interface where users create, edit, and
format documents. The application window consists of various components that allow users to
perform different tasks. Here are the main types of application windows and their components in
Microsoft Word:

Components of the Application Window:

13
  Title Bar:
Dislays the name of the current document and includes options to minimize, maximize/restore,
and close the window.

 Ribbon:
A dynamic toolbar with tabs, groups, and commands organized by functionality.

Common tabs include Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, R view, and View.

Tabs:

Categorized sections within the Ribbon, each containing groups of related commands.

Example tabs: Home, Insert, Page Layout, etc.

 Groups:
Subdivisions within each tab that group related commands together.

Examples include Font, Paragraph, Styles, and Editing groups.

 Commands:
Specific tools and functions within the Ribbon that perform various tasks.

Examples include formatting text, inserting objects, and reviewing documents.

 Quick Access Toolbar:

A customizable toolbar above the Ribbon where users can add frequently used commands for
quick access.

 Document Area/Document Window:

The main working space where the document's content, including text, images, and other
elements, is created and edited.

 Scroll Bars:
Vertical and horizontal bars that allow users to navigate through the document by scrolling up,
down, left, or right.

 Status Bar:
Located at the bottom of the window, it provides information about the document, such as page
number, word count, and language settings.

 Zoom Slider:
Allows users to adjust the zoom level of the document for better visibility.

 View Options:

14
Allows users to switch between different document views like Print Layout, Read Mode, Web
Layout, Outline View, and Draft View.

 Dialog Boxes:
Pop-up boxes that provide additional options and settings for specific commands. Examples
include the Font dialog box or Paragraph dialog box.

15
Q7:Explain the different types of translators used in Computer
Language.

Translators are tools used in computing to convert high-level programming languages into
machine code that a computer can execute. There are three main types of translators: compilers,
interpreters, and assemblers.

 Compiler:
A compiler is a program that translates the entire source code written in a high-level
programming language into machine code or an intermediate code.

The compilation process involves several stages, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis,
semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation.

Once compiled, the resulting machine code can be executed multiple times without the need for
recompilation unless changes are made to the source code.

 Interpreter:
An interpreter is a program that directly executes the source code written in a high-level
programming language without prior compilation.

The interpretation process involves reading the source code line by line and translating it into
machine code on-the-fly.

Interpreters are typically slower than compilers because they translate and execute the code
simultaneously, and the translation process is repeated each time the program is run.

Interpreters are often used in scripting languages and for rapid development and testing.

 Assembler:
An assembler is a program that translates assembly language code into machine code.

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics and symbols to
represent machine-level instructions.

The assembler converts assembly code into binary machine code that can be directly executed by
the computer's central processing unit (CPU).

Assemblers are specific to the architecture of the target computer, as they generate machine code
tailored to a particular instruction set.

16
These three types of translators serve different purposes and are used at different stages of the
software development process. Here's a summary of their characteristics:

 Compiler:
Translates entire source code at once.

Generates machine code or intermediate code.

Execution is independent of the source code.

17
Q8:List the steps to perform the following action in window.?

i. Create a new folder ABC on desktop.

 Right-click on an emp y space on your desktop.

 Hover over "New" in the context menu.
 Select "Folder."
 A new folder will appear on your desktop, typically named "New Folder." You can
rename it to "ABC" by right-clicking on it, selecting "Rename," and typing the desired
name.

ii. Date and time setting

Setting Date and Time on Windows:

Windows 10:
 Right-click on the clock in the bottom right corner of the taskbar.
 Select "Adjust date/time."
 In the Settings window, toggle on "Set time automatically" if you want the time to be set
automatically based on your time zone.
 If you prefer to set the date and time manually, toggle it off and click on "Change" under
"Set the date and time manually."
 Adjust the date and time as needed and click "Change."
 Formatting paragraphs in a document typically involves adjusting the alignment,
indentation, line spacing, and other visual aspects to enhance the document's appearance.
The steps for formatting paragraphs can vary slightly depending on the word processing
software you are using. Here are general instructions for formatting paragraphs in
Microsoft Word, one of the widely used word processing applications:

Formatting Paragraphs in Microsoft Word:

 Open Microsoft Word:

Launch Microsoft Word and open the document you want to format.

 Select Text:
Click and drag to select the text you want to format. Alternatively, you can place the cursor in a
paragraph to apply formatting to the entire paragraph.

18
  Access the Paragraph Dialog Box:
There are several ways to access the Paragraph dialog box:

Use the "Paragraph" group in the "Home" tab on the Ribbon.

Right-click on the selected text and choose "Paragraph."

Press Ctrl + Alt + L on your keyboard.

 Adjust Alignment:
In the Paragraph dialog box, go to the "Alignment" tab.

Choose the desired alignment option, such as left-align, center, right-align, or justify.

Click "OK" to apply the changes.

 Set Indentation:
In the Paragraph dialog box, go to the "Indents and Spacing" tab.

Adjust the values for indentation, both left and right.

Click "OK" to apply the changes.

 Modify Line Spacing:

In the Paragraph dialog box, go to the "Indents and Spacing" tab.

Adjust the line spacing options, such as "Line spacing" and "Before" and "After" spacing.

Click "OK" to apply the changes.

 Apply Bullets or Numbering (Optional):

To add bullets or numbering, use the "Bullets" or "Numbering" buttons in the "Paragraph" group
on the Ribbon.

Adjust the bullet or numbering styles as needed.

 Apply Additional Formatting (Optional):

Explore other formatting options in the Paragraph dialog box, such as special indents, spacing,
and line and page breaks.

 Click "OK" to Apply Changes:

After making your desired formatting adjustments in the Paragraph dialog box, click "OK" to
apply the changes.

Adding Borders and Shading in Microsoft Word:

 Open Microsoft Word:

Launch Microsoft Word and open the document to which you want to add borders and shading.

19
  Select the Text or Paragraphs:
Click and drag to select the text or paragraphs to which you want to apply borders and shading.
Alternatively, place the cursor in the desired section.

iii. Add borders and shading on the page.

 Access the Borders and Shading Options:

There are several ways to access the Borders and Shading options:

Use the "Borders" button in the "Home" tab on the Ribbon.

Right-click on the selected text and choose "Borders and Shading."

 Add Borders:
In the Borders and Shading dialog box, go to the "Borders" tab.

Choose the style of borders you want (e.g., Box, All, Custom) and select the desired line style.

Click on the sections of the preview pane to apply borders to specific sides of the text or
paragraph.

Click "OK" to apply the borders.

 Apply Borders and Shading to the Page:

If you want to apply borders and shading to the entire page, make sure no text is selected.

Access the Borders and Shading options as described above and follow the same steps to add
borders and shading to the entire page.

 Adjust Border and Shading Properties (Optional):

After applying borders and shading, you can further adjust properties such as border thickness,
shading color, or style.

Repeat the steps above to access the Borders and Shading dialog box and make any necessary
adjustments.

20
  Click "OK" to Apply Changes:
After configuring borders and shading to your liking, click "OK" in the Borders and Shading
dialog box to apply the changes.

Adding Graphics to Slides in PowerPoint:

 Open PowerPoint:
Launch Microsoft PowerPoint or the presentation software you are using.

 Open or Create a Presentation:

Open the existing presentation where you want to add graphics, or create a new presentation.

 Select the Slide:

Navigate to the slide where you want to insert a graphic.

 Access the Insert Tab:

Go to the "Insert" tab on the Ribbon at the top of the PowerPoint window.

 Insert a Picture:
Click on the "Pictures" or "Picture" option. This will open a dialog box that allows you to browse
and select an image file from your computer.

Choose the image file you want to insert and click "Insert."

 Adjust the Size and Position:

Once the image is inserted, you can click and drag to reposition it on the slide.

Click and drag the corner handles to resize the image if needed.

 Format the Graphic (Optional):

To further format the graphic, right-click on the image.

Select "Format Picture" or "Format Object," depending on the software you're using.

This opens a formatting panel where you can adjust properties like color, transparency, and
effects.

 Add Shapes or Other Graphics (Optional):

In addition to inserting pictures, you can use the "Shapes" option in the "Insert" tab to add
various shapes and graphics to your slide.

Select a shape, draw it on the slide, and customize it as needed.

 Insert Icons or SmartArt (Optional):

Explore other options in the "Insert" tab, such as "Icons" for inserting scalable vector icons or
"SmartArt" for creating visual representations of information.

 Arrange and Group Objects (Optional):

21
If you have multiple graphics or objects on a slide, you can arrange and align them using the
"Arrange" options in the "Format" or "Drawing Tools" tab.

You can also group objects together to move and resize them collectively.

 Save Your Presentation:

After adding graphics, remember to save your presentation to preserve the changes.

iv. Createatable in a word file.

Creating a Table in Microsoft Word:

 Open Microsoft Word:
Launch Microsoft Word and open the document where you want to insert the table.

 Access the "Insert" Tab:

Go to the "Insert" tab on the Ribbon at the top of the Word window.

 Click on "Table":
In the "Tables" group, click on the "Table" option.

 Insert Table:
Choose the number of rows and columns for your table by moving the cu sor over the grid, then
clicking to set the size. Alternatively, you can select "Insert Table..." to specify the exact number
of rows and columns.

 Enter Data:
Once the table is inserted, you can start typing directly into the cells to enter your data.

 Format the Table:

Use the Table Tools available in the Ribbon to format your table. You can access these tools by
clicking on the table to activa e the "Table Tools" tab.

 Resize Columns and Rows:

Hover over the column or row boundary until the cursor changes to a double-headed arrow.
Click and drag to adjust the size.

 Merge and Split Cells (Optional):

To merge cells, select the cells you want to merge, right-click, and choose "Merge Cells."

To split cells, select the cell you want to split, right-click, and choose "Split Cells."

 Add or Remove Rows and Columns:

22
Right-click on a row or column to see options for adding or removing rows and columns.

 Apply Borders and Shading:

Use the "Borders" button in the "Table Tools" tab to apply borders to cells.

To add shading, select the cells, go to the "Shading" option, and choose a fill color.

 Adjust Cell Alignment:

Use the alignment options in the "Paragraph" group on the "Home" tab to align text within cells.

23
Q9:Explain the different types of cables used in Computer Network
for data communication?

In computer networks, various types of cables are used to facilitate data communication between
devices. These cables are essential components of the network infrastructure and play a crucial
role in connecting computers, servers, routers, and other network devices. Here are some of the
common types of cables used in computer networks:

Twisted Pair Cables:

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): This is the most common type of cable used in Ethernet
networks. It consists of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together. UTP cables are widely
used for both residential and commercial applications.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): STP cables have additional shielding to protect against
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). They are commonly
used in environments where there may be a higher risk of interference.

Coaxial Cables:
Coaxial cables have a central conductor (usually copper) surrounded by insulation, a metallic
shield, and an outer insulating layer. They are commonly used for cable television (CATV) and
broadband internet connections.

24
Fiber Optic Cables:
Fiber optic cables use light signals to transmit data over long distances. They consist of a core
made of glass or plastic fibers surrounded by a cladding layer that reflects the light signals back
into the core. Fiber optics offer high bandwidth and are immune to electromagnetic interference.

Ethernet Cables:
Ethernet cables are a type of twisted pair cable used specifically for Ethernet networking. The
most common categories are Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, and Cat7, with each providing different levels
of performance and data transfer speeds.

25
USB Cables:
Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables are used to connect various devices such as printers, scanners,
external hard drives, and more to computers. USB cables come in different versions, including
USB 2.0, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and USB-C, each offering different data transfer speeds.

HDMI Cables:
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cables are commonly used to transmit audio and
video signals between devices such as computers, monitors, and TVs. They support high-
definition resolutions and are widely used in multimedia applications.

Power over Ethernet (PoE) Cables:

PoE cables combine both power and data in a single cable, allowing devices like IP cameras and
VoIP phones to receive power and data connectivity over the same cable.

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 Q-10 How do you work on paint describe the paint window.

Click the Size option to the left of the color palette, then click the line thickness you want to use
while drawing. Click and drag across the canvas to draw. Holding down the left mouse button
while dragging will draw your line. You can click and drag with the right mouse button to use
your secondary color

To open Microsoft Paint on a Windows computer, you can usually find it in the "Windows
Accessories" folder in the Start menu. Once opened, the Paint window typically consists of the
following elements:

Title Bar:
At the top of the window, you'll find the title bar, which displays the name of the application
(Paint) and the name of the file you are currently working on.

Menu Bar:
Below the title bar, there is a menu bar that includes various menus such as File, Home, View,
and others. These menus contain options for opening, saving, and editing images, as well as
accessing various tools and settings.

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Ribbon:
The ribbon is located below the menu bar and contains various tabs, each related to a specific set
of tools and functions. Common tabs include Home, View, and Edit. The Home tab typically
includes tools for drawing, painting, and selecting objects.

Canvas:
The main area of the window is the canvas, where you can create and edit your drawings or
images. This is where you can use various tools to draw shapes, add text, and manipulate objects.

Tools Panel:
On the left side of the window, there is a panel that contains various drawing and editing tools.
These tools may include a pencil, brush, eraser, fill bucket, and more. You can select a tool by
clicking on its icon.

Color Palette:
Typically located at the bottom of the window, the color palette allows you to select the color for
your drawing or editing. You can choose from a range of colors and customize the color using
the available options.

Status Bar:
At the bottom of the window, the status bar may display information such as the size of the
canvas, zoom level, and other relevant details.

Zoom Controls:
Paint usually provides controls for zooming in and out, allowing you to get a closer or wider
view of your work.

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 Q-11Explain the use of MS-Access. Explain the process of creating
database in MS-Access

Microsoft Access is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that allows users to
create, manage, and manipulate databases. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite and provides a
user-friendly interface for designing and working with databases. Access is often used for small
to medium-sized applications, where a full-scale enterprise-level database system may not be
necessary.

Here's a basic overview of the process of creating a database in Microsoft Access:

Creating a Database in MS-Access:

 Open Microsoft Access:
Launch Microsoft Access on your computer. You can do this by searching for "Microsoft
Access" in the Start menu or using the Office suite if you have it installed.

 Choose a Database Template (Optional):

Access offers several pre-designed database templates for common tasks like tracking inventory,
managing contacts, or creating a simple project management system. You can choose a template
that closely matches your needs or start with a blank database for more customization.

 Create a New Blank Database:

If you choose not to use a template, you can start with a blank database. Click on the "Blank
Database" option and provide a name for your database. Choose a location to save the database
file.

 Design Tables:
The heart of any relational database is its tables. Tables store data in rows and columns. Click on
the "Table Design" option to define the structure of your tables. Specify the fields (columns) and
their data types (text, number, date, etc.). Set the primary key, which uniquely identifies each
record.

 Enter Data:
Once you've designed your tables, you can switch to "Datasheet View" to enter data directly.
This view resembles a spreadsheet, and you can start populating your tables with information.

 Create Relationships:
In a relational database, tables are often related to each other. You can establish relationships
between tables to maintain data integrity. Use the "Relationships" tool to define connections
between tables based on common fields.

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  Build Queries:
Queries allow you to retriev , filter, and manipulate data from your tables. Access provides a
QueryDesign tool where you can specify criteria for data retrieval and create calculated fields.

 Design Forms:
Forms provide a user-friendly interface for data entry. You can design forms to streamline data
input and make the database more accessible. Access has a Form Design tool for this purpose.

 Create Reports:
Reports help you present data in a structured and organized manner. Use the Report Design tool
to create custom reports based on the data stored in your tables.

 Test and Refine:

Before deploying your database, thoroughly test it to ensure that it meets your requirements.
Refine the design, if necessary, based on user feedback and testing results.

 Distribute or Deploy:
Once satisfied with the database, you can distribute it to others who need to use it or deploy it on
a network for multi-user access.

Microsoft Access provides a comprehensive set of tools for creating and managing databases,
making it a valuable tool for individuals and small to medium-sized businesses that need to
organize and analyze data efficiently.

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Q-12Write the steps to perform Mail Merge in MS-Word
Mail Merge in Microsoft Word is a powerful feature that allows you to create personalized
documents such as letters, envelopes, labels, and emails by merging a document template with a
data source. Here are the general steps to perform Mail Merge in MS-Word:

Steps to Perform Mail Merge in MS-Word:

 Open Microsoft Word: Launch Microsoft Word and open a new or existing document
that you want to use as the main document for your Mail Merge.

 Go to the "Mailings" Tab: Click on the "Mailings" tab in the Word ribbon. This tab
contains all the tools and features related to Mail Merge.

 Start Mail Merge: Click on the "Start Mail Merge" button in the Mailings tab. This
opens a drop-down menu.

 Select the Type of Document: Choose the type of document you want to create. Options
include Letters, Envelopes, Labels, and more. Select the appropriate document type based
on your needs.

 Select Recipients: Click on the "Select Recipients" button in the Mailings tab. From the
drop-down menu, choose "Use an Existing List" if you already have a data source, or
select "Type a New List" to create a new data source.

 Connect to Data Source: If you chose "Use an Existing List," browse to the location of
your data source (Excel spreadsheet, Access database, Outlook contacts, etc.) and select
it. If you chose "Type a New List," you will be prompted to enter the information for
your data source.

 Insert Merge Fields: Click on the "Insert Merge Field" button to insert placeholders for
your data fields into the document. These placeholders will be replaced with actual data
from your data source. You can insert fields such as FirstName, LastName, Address, etc.

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 Preview the Document: Click on the "Preview Results" button to see how the merged
document will look with actual data. Use the arrow buttons to navigate through the
records.

 Complete the Merge: Once you're satisfied with the preview, click on the "Finish &
Merge" button in the Mailings tab. From the drop-down menu, you can choose to either
print the documents directly, create a new document, or send the documents as email
messages.

 Print or Save Documents: If you choose to print, you'll be prompted to select a printer
and configure printing options. If you choose to create a new document, Word will
generate a new document with the merged data. Save this document as needed.

 Review and Edit: Review the final documents and make any necessary edits. Ensure that
all the merged information appears correctly.

 Save and Close: Save the final document, and you can now close the Mail Merge
wizard.

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Q13:Explain the different types of networks
A computer network is a cluster of computers over a shared communication path that works to
share resources from one computer to another, provided by or located on the network nodes.

Uses of Computer Networks

 Communicating using email, video, instant messaging, etc.
 Sharing devices such as printers, scanners, etc.
 Sharing files.
 Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems.
 Allowing network users to easily access and maintain information.
Types of Computer Networks
There are mainly five types of Computer Networks

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)

PAN is the most basic type of computer network. This network is restrained to a single person,
that is, communication between the computer devices is centered only on an individual’s
workspace. PAN offers a network range of 1 to 100 meters from person to device providing
communication. Its transmission speed is very high with very easy maintenance and very low
cost.

Examples of PAN are USB, computer, phone, tablet, printer, PDA, etc

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

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LAN is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer network that connects
computers through a common communication path, contained within a limited area, that is,
locally. A LAN encompasses two or more computers connected over a server. The two important
technologies involved in this network are Ethernet and Wi-fi. It ranges up to 2km &
transmission speed is very high with easy maintenance and low cost.

Examples of LAN are networking in a home, school, library, laboratory, college, office, etc.

3. Campus Area Network (CAN)

CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN. This is a type of computer network that is
usually used in places like a school or colleges. This network covers a limited geographical area
that is, it spreads across several buildings within the campus. CAN mainly use Ethernet
technology with a range from 1km to 5km.

Its transmission speed is very high with a moderate maintenance cost and moderate cost.

Examples of CAN are networks that cover schools, colleges, buildings, etc.

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4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. This is the type of computer network that
connects computers over a geographical distance through a shared communication path over a
city, town, or metropolitan area. This network mainly uses FDDI, CDDI, and ATM as the
technology with a range from 5km to 50km. Its transmission speed is average. It is difficult to
maintain and it comes with a high cost.

Examples of MAN are networking in towns, cities, a single large city, a large area within
multiple buildings, etc

5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

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WAN is a type of computer network that connects computers over a large geographical distance
through a shared communication path. It is not restrained to a single location but extends over
many locations. WAN can also be defined as a group of local area networks that communicate
with each other with a range above 50km.

Here we use Leased-Line & Dial-up technology. Its transmission speed is very low and it comes
with very high maintenance and very high cost.

The most common example of WAN is the Internet.

Other Types of Computer Networks

1. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
2. Storage Area Network (SAN)
3. System-Area Network (SAN)
4. Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
5. Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
6. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
7. Home Area Network (HAN)

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Q14:Explain the use of Power Point and different tabs available in
power point?
: Follow the steps below to open MS PowerPoint on apersonal computer:

:Click on the start button

Then choose “All Programs”

Next step is to select “MS Office”

Under MS Office, click on the “MS PowerPoint”

optimise a presentation. The same have been discussed below.

A blank presentation is open on the screen. According to the requirement, a person can modify
the template for a presentation and start using the program.

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Slide Layout

Multiple options and layouts are available based on which a presentation can be created. This
option is available under the “Home” section and one can select from the multiple layout options
provided.

The image below shows the different slide layout options which are available for use:

Insert – Clipart, Video, Audio, etc.

Under the “Insert” category, multiple options are available where one can choose what feature
they want to insert in their presentation. This may include images, audio, video, header, footer,
symbols, shapes, etc.

The image below shows the features which can be inserted:

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This feature can be added using the “Design” category mentioned on the homepage of MS
PowerPoint. Although there are existing design templates available, in case someone wants to
add some new texture or colour, the option to customise the design is also available. Apart from
this, slide designs can also be downloaded online.

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Q15:Create a new presentation, design a presentation, insert a new
slide and save thePresentation
Create a presentation in PowerPoint
 Create presentations from scratch or start with a professionally designed, fully
customizable template from Microsoft Create.
 Create a presentation
 Open PowerPoint.
 In the left pane, select New.
 Select an option:
 To create a presentation from scratch, select Blank Presentation.
 To use a prepared design, select one of the templates.
 To see tips for using PowerPoint, select Take a Tour, and then select Create

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Add New Slide
1. In the thumbnails on the left pane, select the slide you want your new slide to follow.
2. In the Home tab, in the Slides section, select New Slide.
3. In the Slides section, select Layout, and then select the layout you want from the menu.

3. To create bulleted or numbered lists, select the text, and then select Bullets or Numbering.

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Add a picture, shape, and more
1. Go to the Insert tab.
2. To add a picture:
 In the Images section, select Pictures.
 In the Insert Picture From menu, select the source you want.
 Browse for the picture you want, select it, and then select Insert.

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 3To add illustrations:

 In the Illustrations section, select Shapes, Icons, 3D Models, SmartArt, or Chart.

 In the dialog box that opens when you click one of the illustration types, select the item
you want and follow the prompts to insert it.

 How to Save File In Power Point

To save a file in PowerPoint (PPT), follow these general steps:

1. *Open your PowerPoint Pr sentation:*

- If you're working on an existing presentation, open it.

- If you're creating a new pr sentation, start bycreating your slides.

2. *Click on the "File" Tab:*

- Located in the upper-left corner of the PowerPoint window.

3. *Select "Save As" or "Save":*

- If you are saving for the first time or want to create a copy, choose "Save As."

- If you've alreadysaved the file and want to overwrite the existing version, select "Save."

4. *Choose the Save Location:*

- Navigate to the folder where you want to save the file.

5. *Enter the File Name:*

- Type a name for your presentation.

6. *Choose the Save As Type:*

- From the dropdown menu, select the file format you want. For PowerPoint, it's typically
".pptx" for newer versions.

7. *Click "Save":*

- Your presentation is now saved.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.javatpoint.com/

2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

3. https://www.techtarget.com/

4. https://www.wikipedia.org/

5. Tanenbaum , A. S. (2016). "Modern Operating Systems." Pearson Education.

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THANK YOU

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