Lectures_16_and_17_Reservoir_Fluid_Properties

Reservoir Fluid Properties
PTE232
By
Dr Adel M.
Dr. M Salem
Asst. Prof. Of PE
Faculty of Pet. & Min. Eng.
Suez Canal university
SS_2009‐2010
Outlines: Course Contents

Expectation: ?!!!
Chapter about : Fundamentals of Petroleum Chemistry
Chapter about : Problems Related to Crude Oil Composition: ( H2S Problems, Scale Problems, CO2
Problems, Organic Deposition and Control)
Chapter about : Phase Behaviour : Single Components, Two-Components, Three Component
Systems and Multi
Systems, Multi-component
component Systems,…
Systems
Chapter about : Classification of Reservoirs and Reservoir Fluids, and Gas/water Zone Detections
Chapter about : Equation of State – EOS
Ch t about
Chapter b t : Other
Oth Equations
E ti off State
St t forf RealR l Gases
G – Other
Oth EOS
Chapter about : Properties of Dry Gases
Chapter about : Properties of Wet Gases
Ch t about
Chapter b t : Properties
P Oil [ il viscosity,
ti off Oil:[oil i it oilil compressibility,
ibilit oilil formation
f ti volume
l factor,
f t total
t t l volume
l
factor]
Chapter about : Properties of Water:[water viscosity, water compressibility, water formation volume factor, electrical
resistivity of water]
Chapter about : PVT Laboratory Analysis of Oil.
Chapter about : Problems of some types of reservoir fluids.
Chapter about : Case Studies
Chapter about : Numerical analysis and Computer Modeling , Computer Simulation related to the
course, PVTsim, PVT pro,…
The order of these chapters will be modified based on the suitable consequence
May 4, 2010 Reservoir Fluids Properties - PTE232, Dr. Adel Salem Lectures 16 & 17: 2
L t
Lectures 16 & 17
Properties of Wet Gases
May 2010
Lectures 16 & 17 Agenda

PROPERTIES OF WET GASES
Introduction
Recombination of Surface FluidsCompositions Known
1.Surface Composition
p – Known
2. Separator Compositions Known:
3 Recombination of Surface FluidsCompositions
3.
Unknown
1 If Properties & Quantities Are Known
1.
2. Using Charts
Formation Volume Factor of Wet Gas
Bwg Determination Methods
Properties of Wet Gases: Introduction
The key to the analysis of the properties of a wet gas is that the
properties of the surface gas are not the same as the properties of the
reservoir gas.
Liquid condenses from the reservoir gas as it moves from reservoir

conditions to surface conditions. Thus the composition of the surface
gas is
i quite
i different
diff from
f the
h composition
i i off the
h reservoir
i gas, having
h i
considerably fewer of the intermediate and heavy components.
Wet gases are usually separated in twostage separation systems such as

next slide Figure.
g At the surface,, the well stream is separated
p into stock
tank liquid (condensate
condensate), separator gas,gas and stock
stocktank gas.
gas All three of
these fluids must be included in the recombination calculation.
If a threestage separator system is used, all three gases must be

included in the recombination calculation.
calculation
1 2
1 2
3
Recombination of Surface Fluids: Compositions Known
The surface liquid and gases must be recombined in order to determine

the p p
properties of the g
gas in the reservoir.
This recombination is done by calculation if the compositions of the

surface
f fluids
fl id are known.
k
1 Surface Composition Known

1.Surface
1.
The composition of the reservoir gas can be calculated given the
compositions
p of the stocktank liquid,
q separator
p gas,
g and stocktank vent
gas.
The producing
Th d i gasoil il ratios
ti mustt be
b known
k also.
l TheTh calculation
l l ti
simulates laboratory recombination of the liquid and gases in quantities
indicated by the gas
gasoil ratios.
ratios
Once the composition of the reservoir gas has been calculated, its physical
properties can be calculated as for a dry gas.
gas
Recombination of Surface Fluids-Compositions Known

1. Surface Composition
p - Known
The first step is conversion of gasoil ratios in scf/STB to Ib mole gas/lb
mole stock tank liquid. To accomplish this, the density and apparent
stocktank
molecular weight of the stocktank liquid must be calculated.
These gasoil ratios in terms of Ib moles are used to combine the

compositions of the separator gas, stocktank gas, and stocktank oil in
the
h proper ratios.
i AnA example l will
ill best
b illustrate
ill the
h procedure.
d
EXAMPLE X
X-1:
1
Solution
Solution
Solution:
First, calculate the apparent molecular weight and density of the stock
tank liquid.
liquid
MSTO = 100.9 Ib/lb mole, [Equation ]
ρSTO = 47.11 lb/cu ft, from 55.9°API, [Equations API = 141γ .5 − 131.5 and ]
Second, convert g
gasoil ratios to lb mole g
gas/Ib
/ mole stocktank liquid.
q
47.11
Third, calculate mole fraction of the recombined reservoir gas. See next
Table.
Solution
Recombination of Surface Fluids-Compositions Known

2. Separator
p Compositions
p Known:
2. Separator Compositions Known:
Known
Often samples of gas and liquid are taken from the primary separator.
The compositions of these two fluids can be recombined in the manner

of the previous Example.
Sometimes the separator

p gasoil
g ratio is g
given in scf/STB.
/ If so,, it must
be converted to scf/SP bbl by dividing by the ratio of volume of
separator liquid to volume of stocktank liquid which is given normally
as a partt off th
the compositional
iti l analysis.
l i
EXAMPLE X-2:
EXAMPLE X-2:
EXAMPLE X-2, …
Solution
Solution
Recombination of Surface Fluids
3. Recombination of Surface Fluids-Compositions
p Unknown
3. Recombination of Surface Fluids
FluidsCompositions Unknown
If compositional analysis is unavailable

unavailable, the engineer must rely on
production data to estimate the specific gravity of the reservoir gas.
Other properties of the reservoir gas are estimated using specific
gravity.
Next we will look at two methods of estimating the specific gravity of the
reservoir
i gas from
f production
d ti d data.
t
In the first case,

case the properties and quantities of all surface gas streams
are known.
In the second case, only the properties of the gas from the primary
separator are known.
If Properties & Quantities Are Known

1.Separator Gas and Stock
1.Separator StockTank Vent Gas Properties Known :
The surface gas is represented by a weighted average of the specific
gravities of the separator gas and stocktank gas.
The producing gasoil ratio is;
For a threestage separator system the equations are:
and;
Then, on the basis of one stocktank barrel, the mass of the reservoir gas
in pounds is:
Again,
g on the basis of one stocktank barrel, the mass of reservoir g
gas in
pound moles is;
The molecular weight of the reservoir gas is mR/nR, and the specific
gravity of the reservoir gas is molecular weight divided by 29.
The term 133,300 γoMo in the denominator represents the volume in

standard cubic feet of gas that the stocktank liquid would occupy if it
were vaporized. This is sometimes called the gaseous equivalent of the
stocktank liquid.
If the molecular weight of the stocktank liquid is not known, it can be

estimated as:
Where γSTO is the specific

p g
gravity
y of the stocktank liquid.
q
EXAMPLE X-3:
Solution:
First, calculate the specific gravity of the surface gas;
Solution
Second, calculate the molecular weight of the stocktank liquid.
Third, calculate reservoir gas specific gravity.
Using Charts
A quicker but less accurate method of obtaining the specific gravity of
the gas in the reservoir is given in the following Figure .
Separator gas and stock tank gas must be added to obtain gas volume
for calculating condensate production rate. Also, the weighted average
of separator and stocktank specific gravities must be used as surface
gas specific
ifi gravity.
i
The inset
Th i t iin th
the Fi
Figure gives
i a relationship
l ti hi bbetween
t stocktank
t k t k oil
il
gravity and molecular weight. The graph is not as accurate as Equation:
Ratios of reservoir
reservoir‐‐gas specific gravity to surface‐
surface‐gas specific gravity
Formation Volume Factor of Wet Gas
The equations for the formation volume factor of gas, these two Equations only
pp y to dry
apply yggases.
These equations are not applicable to wet gases

gases.
However,
oweve , itt iss important
po ta t to be able
ab e to calculate
ca cu ate the
t e reservoir
ese vo volume
vo u e o
of wet gas
associated with quantities of surface liquid and gas.
The formation volume factor of a wet gas is defined as the volume of reservoir
gas required to produce one stocktank barrel of liquid at the surface.
By definition:
Bwg Determination
Two methods for estimating formation volume factors for wet gases ,
only one will be discussed here.
Surface Compositions Known:
If the compositions
p of the p
produced ggases and liquid
q are known and the
producing gasoil ratios are available, the composition of the reservoir
gas may be calculated as in stated previously (Example XX).
The results of such a recombination calculation can be used to calculate

the formation volume factor.
factor
The volume of gas in the reservoir and the volume of stocktank liquid
must be calculated.
EXAMPLE X-4:
Calculate wet gas formation volume factor at reservoir conditions of 2360

psig and 204 oF.
F
Solution
Solution:
Solution
Solution

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Reservoir Fluid Properties

Outlines: Course Contents

Properties of Wet Gases

Lectures 16 & 17 Agenda

Liquid condenses from the reservoir gas as it moves from reservoir

Wet gases are usually separated in two­stage separation systems such as

If a three­stage separator system is used, all three gases must be

The surface liquid and gases must be recombined in order to determine

This recombination is done by calculation if the compositions of the

1 Surface Composition ­ Known

Recombination of Surface Fluids-Compositions Known

These gas­oil ratios in terms of Ib moles are used to combine the

Recombination of Surface Fluids-Compositions Known

The compositions of these two fluids can be recombined in the manner

Sometimes the separator

If compositional analysis is unavailable

In the first case,

If Properties & Quantities Are Known

The producing gas­oil ratio is;

For a three­stage separator system the equations are:

The term 133,300 γoMo in the denominator represents the volume in

If the molecular weight of the stock­tank liquid is not known, it can be

Where γSTO is the specific

Third, calculate reservoir gas specific gravity.

These equations are not applicable to wet gases

Surface Compositions Known:

The results of such a recombination calculation can be used to calculate

Calculate wet gas formation volume factor at reservoir conditions of 2360

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Wet gases are usually separated in twostage separation systems such as

If a threestage separator system is used, all three gases must be

1 Surface Composition Known

These gasoil ratios in terms of Ib moles are used to combine the

The producing gasoil ratio is;

For a threestage separator system the equations are:

If the molecular weight of the stocktank liquid is not known, it can be