UNIT-Il ; ALGEBRA MATRICES > Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices: zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, ‘symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices : Addition and muttiplication and ‘multipcation with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices Invetibie matrices (Here, all matrices will have real entries) STAND ALONE MCQs 10 ‘BAL TELE Hl) gig] * Ertheneequate ‘ayo @ 2 oa (2 ICBSE Delhi Set- 112020] ‘Ans. Option (D) is correct Explanation: & fh J-eo > [e-2 0] = (90) [By det. of equality] : then AB + XY equals (A) [28] (28 @ (241 (4 ICBSE OD Set -12020] ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct CRU! Explanation Given, 3 2 ABs xy = [2-3 4f2/sf0 2 3] 2 4 [6-6 +8] + [246+12) (81+ [20] = (8) 0.3. Suppose ? and Q are two different matrices of order 3 x mand n x p then the order ofthe matrix P x Qis? (waxp ©) xa Onxn (3x3 [CBSE SQP 2018-20] ‘Ans, Option (A) is correct. © seamed vith ono SeamerQA A= lnc msn Oman ‘Ans, Option (C) is correct isa square matrix if (B) m>n (D) None of these Explanation : 1 known that a given matrix is said to be a square matrix ifthe number of rows js equal to the number of columns, ‘Therefore, A= la), |owniS square matrix, ifm =n Q.5.Which of the given values of x and y make the {ollowing pair of matrices equal [ia ack le | x (B) Not possible to find 2 + (D) x (©) > © v=7, 3 3 Ans, Option (6) is corvect, Explanation kis given that per the] yer 2-axf |e 4 Equating the corresponding elements, we get Ans. We find that on comparing the corresponding, clements of the two matrices, we get two different values of x, which is not possible, Hence, itis not possible to find the values of x Ans. Q.7. Assume X, ¥,Z, Wand P are matricesof order?2 x 1, 3x K2x pn x Band px k respectively The restriction on 1, f and p so that PY + WY will be defined are (Wk=3pen (© pisarbitrary, k= 3 (B) Kisarbitrary,p = 2 O)k=2p=3 Option (A) is correct. Explanation : Matrices P and Y are of the orders p x kand 3 x k, respectively. Therefore, matrix PY will be defined iff = 3. Consequently, PY will be of the order > k Matrices Wand Y ate of the orders x 3 and 3 x k respectively. Since the number of columns in Wis equal tothe [number of rows in Y, matrix WY is well-defined | and is of the order % k Matrices PY and WY can be added only when their orders are the same. However, IY is of the onder p * k and WY is of| the order > k. Therefore, we must have p Thus, k= 3and p = mare the restrictions on n,, and p so that PY + WY will be defined, QB Assume X, ¥, Z Wand P are matrices of onder 2 03,2 % pin x and p x k, respectively. If ‘n= pythen the order ofthe matrix 7X ~ 57s: (aypx2 (8) 2x0 (yew O) pen Option (B) is correct. Explanation: Matric X is of the order 2 Xm. Therefore, matrix 7X is aso of the same order Matrix 2 48 of the order 2 p, ie, 2% 1 [Senco n= pl Therefore, matrix 5Z is also ofthe same trder Now, both the matrices 7X and 5Z are of the order 2 x m. Thus, matrix 7X ~ 52. is well defined and is ofthe order 2 % 1, and y for which the given matrices are equal, [| 2-9-1 [ee SI. then A 4+ A’ = J then the Q.6 The numberof al possible matrices of rder3* 3a oretig with each entry OF 1s: (A)27 (B) 18 5 n os () 512 ws @s Ans. Option (D) Is corect. [Explanation : The given matrix of the order Ox = 3 Shas 9 elements and each ofthese elements ‘can be either 0 or 1. Ans, Option (B) is correct, Now, each ofthe 9 elements can be filled in two ee possible ways cosa sind’ Foe mutton pss oe] [ora a [S2% oquized numberof posible maticesis2? = 512 © seaeed with OK ScannerAko A+ A'=1 [ai =i b . 2eose 9] a doaal lo Equaling corresponding entries, we have = 2eosa = 1 1 = 2 ss cost ® 3 Q.10, Matrices A and 8 willbe inverse of each other only it (A) AB = BA (@ AB= BA (C)AB=0,BA=1 — (D) AB= BA Ans, Option (D) is correct, Explanation : We know that if A is a square matrix of order m, and if there exists another square matrix B of the same order m, such that |AB = BA = I, then Bis said to be the inverse of A. In this case itis clear that A isthe inverse of B. Thus, matrices A and B willbe the inverse of each other only if AB = BA = ood QL, Thematrix P=|0 4 0] isa 400 (A) square matrix (B)_ diagonal matrix (©) unit matrix (D) None of these Ans, Option (A) is correct Explanation : We know that, in a square matrix number of rows is equal to the number of| : o ; columns. So, the matrix P=|0 4 0| is a 400 square matrix Q.12. FAand Baresymmetricmatricosofsameorder, then AD~BAis: (A) Skeve-symmetric matrix (8) Symmetric matrix (©) Zero matrix (Dy aentity matrix Ans. Option (A)is correct. Explanation : Given that, A and Bi are symmetric matrices, => A= Aande= ‘Now, (AB- BAY’ = (AB)’-(BAY “ => (AB-BAy = Ba'-a'8 [By reversal law] => (AB-BAY = BA-AB [From q,()] > (AB-Bay = ~(aB-Bay => (AB ~ BA) isa skew-symmetric matrix, Q.IR.1F the mateix A is both symmetsic and skew: symmetric, then (A) Aisa diagonal matrix (B) Aisa zero matrix (©) Aisa square matrix (D) None of these Ans. Option (B) is correct Explanation : If A is both symmetric and skew=| symmetric, then we have, ‘Therefore, A isa zero matrix. oo (A) identity matrix {B) symmetric matrix (©) skow-symmetric matrix (D) None of these ‘Ans. Option (B) fs corteet, 100 Q.14.Thematrix ]o 2 0) isa 100 Explanation: AJ. 2 0 oo 4 100 4-0 2 05a pod So, the given matrix isa symmetric matrix. [Since in @ square mateix A, if A’ = A, then A is called symmetric matrix] o 38 Qs Thematix| 5 0 12] isa 8-2 0 (A) diagonal matrix (B) symmotrie matrix (C) skew symmetric matrix (D) sealar matrix ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. © seaeed with OK ScannerExplanation: We know thal, in a square matrix, ith, = Owheni #j thenitis said tobea diagonal matrix Here, yy by. # 0 0 the given matrix isnot a diagonal matrix. os 8 Now, 5 0 2 8-20 05 8 nls 0 -2 82 0 Directions: Inthe following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct ch (A)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (B)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (©) Aistrue but Ris fake (D) Ais falseand Ris Tue 1. Assertion (A): IF A is a square matrix such that AP= A, then (1+ A) 3A = Reason (R): AI =IA= A. ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct Explanation: Al Hence Ris tre. Given a (saya: Aistrue P42 AP 3A T42A+A-3A a ‘Ans, Option (C) is correct So, the given matrix is skew-symmetsic matrix, | ince we know that in a square matrix B, if |B’ ~ —B, then it ie called skew-symmetric matrix, Q. 16.16 A is matrix of order ms 5¢ mand B isa matrix such that AB’ and B'A are both defined, then order of matrix Bis (A) nom 8) nxn (ym O) mxn ‘Ans. Option (D) is correct Explanation ‘Let, A=U0y) auc and B= [bg] png : B= Bley INow, AB’ is defined, son q and B’A is aso defined, so p= m Onder ofB = [lev Andorder of B = [i], Explanation: In a scalar matrix the diagonal elements are equal and the non-diagonal elements are zero. Hence Ris false A is true since the diagonal elements are equal] end the non-diagonal elements ate 7er, Q.3. Assertion (A) (4 + Bj'= A + 248 + Be Reason (R): Generally AB # BA Ans. Option (A) is correct. Explanation: For two matrices A and 8, generally AB # HA, ‘sey matrix multiplication is not commutative Ris true Aistrue R isthe correct explanation for A. Q.4. and Bare two matrices such that both AB and BA are defined Assertion (Als (A + B)(A~B) = Reason (R): (A + BAB) ‘Ans. Option (D) is correct -B PAB + BA Explanation: For two matrices A and B, even ifboth AB and BA axe delined, generally AB # BA (A+ BA~B) = AY AB + BA~ BY Since AB # BA, (A + BA ~B)# A? BE Hence Ris true and As false. © seaeed with OK Scanner{Q.5.Let Aand B be two symmetric matrices of onder 3. Assertion (A): A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric Reason (R): AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication of A with Bis commutative ‘Ans, Option (B) is correct. Explanation: Generally (AB) = BA’ IEAB = BA, thon (AB = (BA) =A’ B= AR Since (AB) = AB, AB is a symmetric matrix Hence R is true. ABA) = (AB)A = ABA (aBay = A°B'A'= Aba. | A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices. Hence| Ais trae But Ris not the correct explanation for A. 0% 2 Q.6 Assertion (Aj Ifthe matrix P= [3 1 3 | isa a3 3 2 3 symmetric mati then «= > andb= 3 Reason (R): IP isa symmetric matrix, then P” Ans. Option (C) is correct Explanation: If P is a symmetric matrix, then| Pr=P. Hence R is false. ‘As Pis a symmetric matrix, ” = P 0 3 a] fo 2% 2 mi 3l-|3 1 3 28 ba 3-1 CASE-BASED MCQs ‘Attempt any four sub-parts from each question Each sub-part carries 1 mark, |. Read the following text and answer the fallowing ‘questions on the basis ofthe same: ‘A manufacture produces three stationery products Peneil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two ‘markets, Annual sles are indicated below Products (in numbers) Market Ponall | Eraser | Sharpener 4 100 [2,000 [18,000 6000 [20000 | 8000 By equality of matrices, and b= 3 a Hence Ais true Q.7. Assertion (A): If isa symmetric matrix, then BAB is also symmetric, Reason (R):(ABCY = CBA’ Ans. Option (A) is correct. Explanation: For three matrices A, B and C, if ABC is defined then (ABC) = CBA’ Hence Ris true [Given that Ais symmetric = 4’ = A wrany = BABY Hence Ais true. Ris the corsect expla Q.8. Assertion (A): If A and B are symmetric matrices, then AB ~BA isa skew symmetric matrix Reason (R): (AB)' = BA ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct Explanation: (AB)’ = B’A' = Ris true. [Given that A and B are symmetric matrices 2 A’= Aand B |(AB—BAy' = (ABy’—(BAy’ A'B = BA-AB ince (AB RAY = -(AB— RA), AB ~ BA js skew symmetric. Hence A is true. R isthe correct explanation for A. —a Kew oe seme Ifthe unit Sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are250, £1.50 and B10 respectively, and unit cost of the above three commodities are €2.00, 1.00 and 050 respectively, then, ICBSE QB 2021), Q:1. Total revenue of market A (a) & 64,000 (8) & 60,400 (€)€ 46,000 (D) & 40600 ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. © seamed vith nen SeamerExplanation: Total revenu of 1.00 = [250 10,000 +1.50% 2,000 +1.00%18, 000), (46,000 2.50 = (10,000 2,000 18,000} 1.50 (Q.2 Total revenue of market B (A) 35,000 (B & 53000 (50300 (D) & 30500 ‘Ans, Option (B) is correct. Explanation: Total revenue of market B 2.50 150 1.00. = [2.50 6,00 + 1.50» 29,000 +1.00%8,000) 153,000] 16,000 20,000. 8,000) 3. Cost incurred in market A (A) 13,000 (F100 Ans. Option (D) Is correct. @ %30,100 (D) €31,000 Explanation: Cost incurred in market A 2.00 = {10,000 2,000. 18,000] 1.00 0.50, = [2.00 10,000 +1.00% 2,000+0.50. 18,000] = [31,000] (Q.4. Proitsin market A and B respectively are (4) €15,000,€17,000)—(B) 7,000, 815,000) {e) (81,000,871,000) _(D) 10,000, £20700) Ans. Option (A) i corect Explanation: Cost incurred in market 8 200 1.00 050 = [20 6,00 + 1.00 29,000 +0:50%8,000) =136,0001 Profit of market A&B = total revenue of A and 1 ~ Coat increased in mavket A and B ‘AJ _ [45,000] [31,000 [5] [Se)-[3 . faye =(6,000 20,000 8,000) = L17, 000 i.e, (215,00, £17,000) Q.5. Gross profitin both markets (a) 23,000 (8) €20,300 (52,000 ‘Ans, Option (C) ie correct. Explanation: [Gross profit in both markets = Profit in A + Profit in B 15900 + 17,000 332,000 Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis ofthe same: Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating a square matsx of order 2. Below are the matrices created by them. A, B,C are the matrices created by Amit, ita) and Chirag respectively, 1a), fee 9) a 3)P[a sl |a 2) Wa=4andb=-2, [CBSE QB 2021] Q.1. Sum of the matrices A, Band C,A+(B + Chis 16 61 wis > |p a 72 21 off ‘ o i ‘ ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. Explanation: wao-f HEHE 2) 2.2. (Ais equal to ws 3) of a] of! 3] [23 ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct. Explanation: wf a] rr [t 3] ay fh 3 © seaeed with OK ScannerGA} is equal to ef oft] =e nen bA = 2A) Q4AC= HCis quate 46 i ofa 4] of © E q ” [E 4 Ans. Option (C) is correct Q.5. (a + HB sequal to oe] oR 8 0 2 0 of a] os a] ‘Ans. Option (C) is correc. Explanation: comneacaft “Eid ‘questions on the basis of the same: Three schools DPS, CVC and KVS decided to ‘organize afar for cllecting money for helping the flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from recycled material ata cost of ®25, €100 and $50 each respectively: The numbers of articles sold are given as ICBSE QB 2021) . Read the following text and answer the following, School /Article prs | eve | Kvs Handmade fans oa | 3 | 3 Mats | 40 | a0 Plates 2 | 9% | a (Q.1. What is the total money (in Rupees) collected by Ans. a2 the school DPS? (ay70 (06135 Option (B) is correct. Explanation: The funds collected by the schools [can be obtained by matrix multiplication 40 50 20]/25 25 40 30]]100] = (8) 7000 (©) 7875 25 50 40)|50 ands collected by school DPS Pands collected by school, CVC Funds collected by school KVS What isthe total amount of money (in &) collected by schools CVC and KVS? (a) 14,000 (©) 21,000 (B) 19,725 (D) 13,125, ‘Ans. Option (A) i correct. Qs. ‘Ans. Option (C oa Explanation: Total amount of money collected by shoo! 6125 + 7875 14000 What isthe total amount of money collected by all three schools DPS, CVC and KVS? (aynis,775 (8) £14,000 (©) £21,000 (0) 817,125 Explanation: Total amount of money collected by | all school DPS, CVC and KVS. 7000 + 7875 + 6125 21000 IF the number of handmade fans and plates are interchanged forall the schools, then what is the © seaeed with OK Scannertotal money collected by all schools? (a)818,000 (B) %5750 35,000 D) 21250 Ans. Option (D) is correct. Q.5.How many articles (in total) are sold by three schools? (ay230 (®) 130 (©) 330 (©) 390 Ans, Option (D) is correct, IV, Read the following text and answer the following ‘questions on the basis ofthe same: (On her birthday, Seema decided to donate some money to children of an orphanage home. I there wore 8 children less, everyone would have got 10 more. However, if there were 16 children more, ‘everyone would have got 210 less. Let the number ff children be x and the amount distributed by Seema for one child be y (in). [CBSE QB 2021 (Q.1. The equations in terms of x and y are (a)5e=4y = 40 (B) 5e~4y = 40 5x—8y = -80) Br—By (©) 5x—4y = 40 (0) Se +4y=40 Br + By = -80 Br—8y = 0 ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct, Explanation: According to question, (8)(+10) = ay = ay+101—8y-80 = ry = Sx—dy = 40 8) and (+1610) = ay Sy M+ 16y—160 = ay = 5x-8y = 80 “ (Q.2. Which of the following matrix equations represent The information given abnve? of slLs) 6 altl-() of alt of all -Le] ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct Explanation: Given equations are; [ Sr-4y = 40 5r-8y = -80 IEE) Q.3.The number of children who were given some ‘money by Seema, is (aya (OB ‘Ans. Option (D) is correct, Explanation: Since, E ab] Let a aia) (8) 40 (2 a8 5-8)-() x5 40420 i) © seaeed with OK ScannerHence, 32 children were given some money by’ Seema. Q.4.How much amount is given to each child by Seema? (aye (6) &0 (22 ©) % ‘Ans, Option (B) is correct. Explanation: € 30s given to each child by Seema y= 20 Q.5. How much amount Seema spends in distributing the money toall the students ofthe Orphanage? (a) 3609 (B) 560 (205 (0) 2690 {Ans Option (B) is correct, Explanation: Total amount Scema spends in| disinbuting the money to all the students of the| orphanage momo 60 V. Read the following text and answer the following {questions on the basis of the same: ‘Iwo farmers Ramakishan and Gurucharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati, Permal and Naura. The sale (in 8) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the folowing matrices A and B [CBSE QB 2021] September sales (in Rupees) [10,000 20,000, 30,000) Ramakrishan *|s0,000 30,000, 10,000 | Gurcharan October sales (in Rupees) [Eee 10,000 6,000 Jen 20,000 10,000 10,000 |Gurcharan Q1. The total sales in September and October for ‘each farmer in each variety can be represented as mara (A>B ‘Ans, Option (A) is correct. (B) A-B Dace Explanation: Combined sales in September and |Cctober for each farmer in each variety s given| by AsB= Basmati Permal Naura 15,000 30,000 36,000)Ramkeishan 70,000 40,000 20,000, Gurcharan singh Q.2. Whatis the value of Ay? ice @) >»a00 {ey suieo b) 20000 ‘Ans Option (As conect. [ésptanation Ay, = 1000 I 2.5. The decrease in sles from September o Occber ty (A)A+B (B) A-B (oar acd ‘Ans, Option (B) is correct Explanation: Change in sales from September to ]Cctober i given by A-B= Basmati Permal Natura 5000 10,000 2,000) Ramkishan 30,000 20,000 0 |Gurcharan Singh Q-4.If Ramkishan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in October. (a) €100, 8200 and €120) {(B) £100, 2200 and #130, (©) £100, 2220 and 7120, (D)2110, 2200 and 120, ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct Explanation 2 rot 2 xB oan -0@ Basmati Permal. Nawra f 5000 10,000 6000 ]Ramkishan_ [phot et) Sh Thun October Ramkishan rectves€ 100,200 and € 120 as profit in the sale of ach varity of ice respectively Q.5.If Gurucharan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in September (A) 2100, 2300, 2120 (B) %1000, 00, 2200 (D) 1200, 2200, 2120 © seaeed with OK ScannerBasmati Permal Nawa 10,000 20,000 30,000"Ramkishan [sn Seo toner Sph Basmati ermal Naura -[ 20 400 600)Ramkishan 1000 600-200 JGurchaen Singh Thus, in September Gurucharan receives 7 1000, +600 and ® 200as Profit in the sale ofeach variety of rice, respectively. vi ead the fallowing text and answer the following {questions on the basis ofthe same There are three families A, B and C. The number ‘of members in these families are given in the table below. ‘Men | Women | Children Family A 3 2 1 Fanny B 2 4 2 Family C 4 3 2 ‘The daily expenses of each man, woman and child Q.1. The total daily expense of family Ais (a) 850 () 900 (©) 1.200 (©) 2850 Ans. Option (A) is correct. Explanation: Expense of family A 200" = (3 2 4/100 50 2.2. The total daily expense of family Cis (a) 850 (B) 200 (© 1.200 (©) 2930 Ans. Option (C) is correct Explanation: Expense of family C 120] Q.3. The combined daily expense of all the women is 1B) 900 (0) 2950 0 (©) 1200 ‘Ans, Option (B) is correct, Explanation: Combined expense of women 100) =[2 4 31] 100]= 1900) 100, Q.4. The family ith highest expense i. wa @B oc (D) Allhave same expense ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. Explanation: Most expensive family i C with sn expense of 21200, @.5. The combined expense of men in family A and children in family’ (A) 600 (B) 700 (©) 800 (D) 900 Ans, Option (B) is correct. a a a | ‘VIL Read the following text and answer the following {questions on the basis ofthe same: ‘Three schools SNT.SNP ancl TKM organised @ mela for cellecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of flood vitims, They sold hand-made fans, mats and plates from recyckal material at a cnt of €25, 100 and 850 ‘ach, The amber of articles sold ae given below. NT TM Tans ‘0 3 Mats 0 ET Plates 2 w Qi. Funds collected by SNTis, (a) £7000, B) R25 (© e875 (D) 21000 © seaeed with OK Scanner‘Ans. Option (A) is correct, Explanation: ‘Fund raised by SNT = 7000 25 40 50 20)|100| = (7,000) 50 Q.2. Funds collected by SNP is (ay 87000 (@) B15 (©) 37875 (©) =1000 Ans. Option (B) is correct. Explanation: B [25,40 30)/100) 6,125) 50 und raised by SNP = €6,125 Q.3. The total fund raised byall the threeschooks together (a) €7000 (B B15 (©) 7875 (D) =21000 ‘Ans. Option (D) is correct. Explanation: 3 135 50 40)]200) = (7875) 50 Fund raised by TKM = 27875 ‘otal amount raised = 7,000 + 6,125 + 7.875 1000 Q.4, The total fund raised by selling fans is (Ayes,00, (8) &2,000 (©) 2,500 (©) 85,000 ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. Explanation: [0 + 25 +25] [25] = [2,500] Fund raised by selling fans = 2,500 Q5.TKM collected ®__by slling plates, (4) 4000 (8) 2000 (© 250 (0) 3500 ‘Ans. Option (B) is correct Explanation: 140] [50] = (2000) TKM collected 22000 by selling plates. © seaeed with OK Scanner