Mმoswavlis saWiroebebze reagireba diferencirebiT

mzaobaze dafuZnebuli diferencireba maTematikaSi

diferencirebuli swavlebisas gakveTilebze gamosayenebeli damxmare

masalebi, aqtivobebi da moswavleTa mier Seqmnili produqti
moswavleebis gansxvavebul saWiroebebzea morgebuli. ganvixiloT
sxvadasxva strategiebi, romelTa saSualebiTac maswavlebelma unda
moaxdinos diferencireba. es diferencirebis is strategiebia,
romelTa saSualebiT maswavlebeli SeZlebs gansxvavebuli mzaobis
moswavleTa jgufebisTvis erTi da igive sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
SeimuSaos davalebis gansxvavebuli variantebi.

sabazisodan transformaciulamde:

sabaziso
informacia,
ideebi, masalebi,
aplikaciebi
transformaciuli

რodesac moswavleebi ecnobian axal sakiTxs, ageben axal codnas an

swavloben iseT masalas, romelic maT Zlier mxares ar Seesabameba,
isini saWiroeben mxolod mkafio formulirebuli ZiriTadi ideebis
gaziarebas; Semdeg, sakiTxis asaTviseblad maT unda mivceT iseTi
amocanebi da damxmare saSualebebi, romlebic maT codnis saZirkvlis
CayraSi anu sabaziso codnis daufleba-ganmtkicebaSi daexmareba.

im bavSvebisTvis ki, vinc saswavli masala ukve ician an igi iseT

sferos ganekuTvneba, romelSic Tavs komfortulad grZnoben,
mizanSewonilia codnis gaRrmaveba da gamdidreba, magaliTad, codnis
gamoyeneba specifikur konteqstSi; agreTve, imis gamokvleva, Tu ra
kavSirSia esa Tu is cneba yofa-cxovrebasTan da a. S. am mizniT
SerCeul masalebsa da amocanebs transformaciuli daniSnuleba aqvs.
maTi saSualebiT moswavleebi gardaqmnian aTvisebul Tu agebul
codnas sxva saswavlo sagnebSi an yoveldRiur saswavlo Tu
sayofacxovrebo praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad.

TavisTavad cxadia, rom sabaziso codnis aTvisebisa da mzaobis

matebis kvaldakval unda moimatos yvela jgufisTvis gankuTvnili
davalebebis transformaciulobis xarisxma ise, rom jgufebs Soris
1
gansxvaveba TandaTan Semcirdes, dabali mzaobis moswavleebi
miuaxlovdnen maRali mzaobis moswavleebs. diferencirebuli
swavlebis es wesi marTebulia sxva strategiebisTvisac, romelTac
SemdgomSi ganvixilavT.

konkretulidan abstraqtulamde:

reprezentaciebi, konkretuli
ideebi, aplikaciebi,
masalebi
abstraqtuli

sanam axali masalis Sinaarss warmatebiT gaiTaviseben an axal

codnas aageben, moswavleebs, Cveulebriv, saswavlo Temis irgvliv
TvalsaCino informaciis gacnoba sWirdebaT. konkretuli informaciis
miReba, magaliTad, manipulativis saSualebiT sakiTxis romelime
aspeqtis aRqma-gaazreba, win unda uswrebdes cnebis abstraqtuli
Sinaarsis wvdomas, rom yvela moswavlem iswavlos maTematikuri ideis
abstraqtulad aRqma-gaazreba, abstrahirebis gonebrivi operaciis
Sesruleba. Sesabamisad, am mxriv gansxvavebuli mzaobis moswavleTa
jgufebisTvis gankuTvnili davalebebi sakiTxis Seswavlis sawyis
etapze mizanSewonilia gansxvavdebodes abstraqtulobis xarisxiT.

dabali mzaobis moswavleebs unda SevTavazoT davalebebi

konkretulobis maRali xarisxiT, meti TvalsaCinoebis gamoyenebiT,
xolo maRali mzaobis moswavleebTan TvalsaCinoeba naklebad unda
gamoviyenoT.

martividan rTulamde:

resursi, kvleva, martivi

sakiTxebi, amocanebi,
unarebi, miznebi rTuli

xandaxan moswavleebs esaWiroebaT iseTi resursebi, sakvlevi

sakiTxebi, amocanebi da miznebi, romlebic sakiTxis erTianad
gaazrebaSi daexmarebaT. rodesac sakiTxis ,,ConCxi~ ukve aTvisebulia,
moswavleebs uCndebaT masalis detalurad wvdomis moTxovnileba, rac

2
martividan rTulisken gadasvlas niSnavs. dabali mzaobis bavSvma
umjobesia am dros erTi movlenis abstrahirebaze imuSaos, (magaliTad,
romelime erT algoriTmze an cnebaze imecadinos, ganaxorcielos
erTi gonebrivi abstraqcia), maRali mzaobis moswavleebi ki SeiZleba
erTdroulad ramdenime abstraqcias SeeWidon (magaliTad, cnebebs
Soris urTierTkavSiris moZiebaze imuSaon).

calmxrividan mravalmxrivamde:

miTiTebebi,
calmxrivi
amocanebi,
aplikaciebi,
gadaWris gzebi,
midgomebi,
saganTaSorisi mravalmxrivi
kavSirebi

zogierT moswavles Zalebis maqsimalurad daZabva uxdeba iseT

amocanebze da proeqtebze samuSaod, romelTa amoxsnasac mcire
raodenobis standartuli nabijebis gadadgma esaWiroeba. mxolod
aseTi davalebebis Sesrulebisas SeZleben isini axalsa da Zvel
naswavls Soris kavSiris gabmas. isini ki, vinc sakiTxs ufro kargad
flobs, mzad arian ufro kompleqsur, mravalmxriv davalebebs
SeeWidon. maTTvis gamowvevas mxolod mravalwaxnagiani amocanebi
warmoadgens, romelTa amoxsna arastandartul midgomas moiTxovs.

Sesabamisad, dabali mzaobis moswavleebs Tavidan ZiriTadad

standartuli procedurebis Sesruleba unda SevTavazoT, maRali
mzaobis moswavleebisTvis ki sawyis etapzeve maxvilgonivrulobaze
SeiZleba gavakeToT aqcenti.

patara naxtomidan did naxtomamde:

patara
naxtomi
aplikacia, analizi,
transferi
didi
naxtomi

rogorc wesi, yvela bavSvi erTgvar gonebriv naxtoms akeTebs

masalis wakiTxvidan mis praqtikul gamoyenebamde, Tumca zogi
aqtivoba codnis gamoyenebis, gaRrmavebisa da transferis (anu
gansxvavebul, axal, uCveulo viTarebaSi gadatanis) TvalsazrisiT
3
SedarebiT did naxtoms ganapirobebs, zogi ki – SedarebiT pataras.
moswavleTa yovel jgufs maTi saWiroebisa da mzaobis Sesaferisi
davaleba unda movumzadoT da SevTavazoT codnis agebisa da
aTvisebis yovel etapze.

Ddiferencirebis am strategiis mixedviT moswavleTa mzaobis

Sesabamisad saWiroa iseTi aqtivobebis SerCeva, romelTa
ganxorcielebac daexmareba maT warmatebis miRwevaSi – azrovnebis
naxtomisebr ganviTarebaSi, codnis didi porciis uceb aTvisebaSi,
maTematikuri procedurebis gawaful SesrulebaSi.

ufro struqturirebulidan ufro Riamde:

gadaWris gzebi, ufro

gadawyvetilebebi, struqturirebuli
midgomebi ufro Ria

zogjer moswavleebs iseTi davalebebis Sesruleba uwevT, rom bevri

gadawyvetilebis miReba ar uxdebaT xolme imis Taobaze, Tu rogor
Seasrulon es davaleba. aseTi winaswar modelirebuli, instruqciebad
gawerili aqtivobebis ganxorcieleba adamianebis umravlesobas
Tavdajerebulobas matebs; sZens ostatobas, romelze dayrdnobisas
moulodnel situaciaSi improvizebas SesZlebs; gauioldeba ufro
rTuli saxis operaciebze gadarTva im SemTxvevaSi, roca modelireba
sakuTar Tavs amowuravs da saWiro xdeba misgan gaTavisufleba,
Semoqmedebaze orientacia.

cxadia, rom maRali mzaobis mqone moswavleebi dawvrilebiT

instruqciebs ar saWiroeben da TviTon unda moisazron da
ganaxorcielon davalebis Sesasruleblad saWiro midgomebi. dabali
mzaobis moswavleebma ki maswavleblisgan unda miiRon miTiTeba – ris
Semdeg ra gaakeTon, rogor imoqmedon davalebis Sesasruleblad.

4
 naklebi damoukideblobidan met damoukideblobamde:

naklebad
damoukidebeli
dagegmva,
dizaini,
monitoringi metad
damoukidebeli

uklebliv yvela moswavlis saboloo mizania damoukidebeli swavla,

azrovneba da muSaoba. damoukideblobis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT asea:
zogi moswavle sruli damoukideblobisTvis ufro male emzadeba,
sxvebi ki _ SedarebiT gvian.

amitom gansxvavebuli mzaobis moswavleebisTvis gankuTvnili

davalebebis SeTavazebisas da Sesrulebisas maTi damoukideblobis
xarisxic gansxvavebuli unda iyos. swored amas iTvaliswinebs
diferencirebis mocemuli strategia.

zogadad damoukideblobis ganviTareba oTx stadiad SeiZleba daiyos:

unarebis ganviTareba _ am dros moswavleebma unda ganiviTaron martivi
arCevanis gakeTebis, moklevadiani davalebebisa da miTiTebebis jerovnad
Sesrulebis unari;
struqturuli damoukidebloba _ am dros moswavleebi ufro grZelvadian
davalebebze da SedarebiT rTul amocanebze muSaoben. isini maswavleblis
mier SeTavazebuli variantebidan irCeven romelimes, zedmiwevniT icaven
droiT CarCoebs da arsebul kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT TviTSefasebaSic
monawileoben;
gaziarebuli damoukidebloba _ am dros moswavleebi Tavad SeimuSaveben
da gadaWrian problemebs, igoneben amocanebs, icaven droiT CarCoebs da
Sefasebis kriteriumebsac Tavad adgenen. maswavlebeli exmareba bavSvebs
gegmebis daxvewasa da maTze fokusirebaSi, axorcielebs swavlis procesis
monitoring;
TviTregulirebadi damoukidebloba _ am dros bavSvebi Tavad gegmaven,
axocieleben da afaseben maT mierve mofiqrebuli davalebis Sesrulebis
process da pedagogis mxardaWeras mxolod maSin iTxoven, roca amis
saWiroeba dgeba. rodesac am Tanmimdevrobas moswavlis individualur
Tvisebebze morgebuli tempiT miuyvebiT, naklebia moswavlebis gawbilebis
an maswavleblis imedgacruebis albaToba.

5
 nelidan swrafisken:

swavlis tempi, neli

azrovnebis
sisxarte swrafi

mizanSewonilia, rom sakiTxis warmatebiT damZlev moswavleebs

nacnob an martiv masalaze muSaobis dro SevumciroT. swavlebis
tempis regulireba daWirdebaT im moswavleebsac, romlebsac sabaziso
principebis gageba uWirT. maT, piriqiT, Tavidan ufro neli tempiT
unda imecadinon, raTa sakiTxis arss Cawvdnen, Semdeg ki detalebis
swavlisas SeiZleba temps moumaton. swavlis tempis misadageba
moswavleebis saWiroebebTan diferencirebis kritikulad
mniSvnelovani komponentia. amitom diferencirebis mocemuli strategia
xSirad gvxvdeba diferencirebul gakveTilebze.

reagireba diferencirebiT

rodesac moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, saWiroebebi, mzaoba

viciT, Cven SegviZlia, amaze diferencirebiT reagireba sami
mimarTulebiT ganvaxorcieloT:

Sinaarsi ras iswavlian moswavleebi da saidan iwyeben swavlas

(magaliTad, Tema, amosavali wertili)
procesi ra gzebiT vexmarebiT moswavleebs gaazrebaSi (magaliTad,
wyvilebSi an individualurad Catarebuli saswavlo
kvlevebi, TanamSromlobiT jgufebSi monawileoba)
produqti ra formiT axorcieleben moswavleebi naswavlis
demonstrirebas (magaliTad, produqtis Seqmna nivTieri
formiT an zepiri Tu werilobiTi prezentaciebis saxiT)

diferencirebuli swavlebis danergva ki bevrad mets moicavs:

• informaciis Segrovebas moswavleebis mzaobisa da saWiroebebis
Sesaxeb;
• am informaciis gamoyenebas moswavleTa dajgufebisa da
swavlebis diferencirebisTvis;

6
 • saswavlo strategiebis farTo speqtridan iseTi midgomebis
SerCevas, romlebic moswavleebis mzaobis dones da konkretul
saWiroebebs yvelaze kargad miesadageba.

diferencirebuli swavlebisas zogierTi saswavlo strategiis

gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT karg Sedegs iZleva. aseTia, magaliTad,
kvlevaze dafuZnebuli saswavlo strategiebi (ix. cxrili).

kvlevaze dafuZnebuli saswavlo strategiebi

saswavlo strategiebis saswavlo strategiebis nimuSebi da
kategoriebi magaliTebi

1 msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis venis diagrama, metaforebi

povna
2 Sejameba da CaniSvna monaxazebi, bade
3 Zalisxmevis ganmtkiceba da
miznebis dasaxva ukukavSiriT
„sajaro“ aRiareba maswavleblisa da Tanatolebis mxridan
4 saSinao davaleba da
naswavlis praqtikaSi danergva
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi (magaliTad, simulaciebi, problemebis
gadaWra)
5 araverbaluri grafikuli sqemebi (magaliTad,
prezentaciebi cnebobrivi rukebi, suraTebi), fizikuri
da kinesTetikuri modelebi, roluri
TamaSebi
6 swavla TanamSromlobis dafiqrdi-dawyvildi-gauziare,
gziT TanamSromlobiTi jgufebi

7 miznebis dasaxva da rubrikebi da Sesavsebi cxrilebi mkafio

ukukavSiris uzrunvelyofa saswavlo miznebiTa da Sefasebis
winaswar SemuSavebuli kriteriumebiT
8 hipoTezebis generireba da kvleva-Ziebis instrumentebi (magaliTad,
Semowmeba „laboratoriebi~, problemebis dasma da
gadaWra, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis
sqemebi)
9 SekiTxvebi, miniSnebebi da Semajamebeli baraTebi, terminebis
winaswari Semzadeba leqsikoni

7
uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom diferencirebul gakveTilze
moswavleebs gansxvavebuli saswavlo strategiebi gauziaroT da maTi
sakuTari strategiebis Seqmnaze waaxalisoT. Aam mizniT
rekomendebulia Semdegi:

saxelmZRvaneloebis nayofierad gamoyeneba:

 ganumarteT moswavleebs teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

da maTi gamoyeneba; magaliTad, is, rom gamuqebuli Srifti
mniSvnelovani ideebisa da terminebis gamosayofad gamoiyeneba;
 aswavleT moswavleebs gzamkvlevsa da amocanebSi
mniSvnelovani informaciis gamoyofa da a. S.;
 amocanis nawilebi sxvadasxva feriT moniSneT (magaliTad,
mTavari kiTxva) da es wesad daamkvidreT.

gaugebrobis, dabneulobisa da imedgacruebis Semcireba:

 SeamcireT SekiTxvebis raodenoba maTematikuri davalebis

baraTebze. es vizualur datvirTvas amcirebs da bavSvebs
exmareba konkretul amocanaze yuradRebis koncentrirebaSi;
 minimumamde daiyvaneT pirobis gadaweris aucilebloba,
amisTvis daarigeT davalebebis individualuri aslebi, sadac
bavSvebs SeeZlebaT ZiriTadi sakiTxebis moniSvna;
 SeamcireTYdavalebebSi amocanebis ricxvi arCevanis
SeTavazebis gziT. magaliTad, SeiZleba sTxovoT kompleqtidan
nebismieri 10 amocanis amoxsna;
 Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, moswavleebs davalebebze samuSaod
damatebiTi dro mieciT _ imdeni, ramdenic mizanSewonilia
Sedegebis misaRwevad;
 waaqezeT moswavleebi, Seadginon konspeqtebi;
 waaqezeT moswavleebi, amocanebis amoxsnis an sxva
savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas xmamaRla ilaparakon. Aam gziT
naTlad davinaxavT im midgomebsac, risi gamoyenebiTac bavSvebi
problemebs umklavdebian.

maTematika da wera-kiTxvis unaris ganviTareba:

 moswavleebs miawodeT saintereso savarjiSoebi;

 xmamaRla fiqris xerxis modelireba gaakeTeT da
moswavleebic waaxaliseT, igive gaakeTon (magaliTad, „saklebi
tolia 25-is da mWirdeba 7-is gamokleba, magram erTeulebi
makldeba, ase rom, aTeulebis TanrigSi gadajgufeba momiwevs“);
 maTematikuri enis gamoyenebis modelireba moaxdineT;

8
  moswavleebs dausviT kiTxvebi, romlebic ubiZgeben
analizisa da sakuTari kiTxvebis generirebisken;
 moswavleebs xSirad kiTxeT „saidan ici?~ da mieciT iseTi
savarjiSoebi, romelTa saSualebiT sakuTar akademiur progress
gaanalizeben.

diferencirebuli swavlebis meTodebi

diferencirebul swavlebaSi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebulia da

sasurvel Sedegebs iZleva Semdegi meTodebi:

ganSreveba – davalebis ganSreveba niSnavs misi ramdenime variantis

Seqmnas sxvadasxva mzaobis mqone moswavleebisTvis. am dros unda
moiZioT an SeimuSavoT iseTi aqtivoba, romelSic Cveulebriv CaabamdiT
garkveuli asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebs. Semdeg ki unda moamzadoT
amave aqtivobis damatebiTi variantebi, romlebic moswavleTa winaswari
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas Tqven mier aRmoCenil saWiroebebs
pasuxobs. mniSvnelovania, rom yvela amocana iyos mimzidveli,
saintereso, gulisyuriT SerCeuli, raTa bavSvebisTvis arc zedmetad
rTuli iyos da namdvil gamowvevasac Seicavdes.

saswavlo kontraqtebi _ am meTodis gamoyenebisas pedagogi

moswavlesTan individualurad aformebs bavSvisTvis advilad
aRsaqmeli eniT Camoyalibebul werilobiT SeTanxmebas, sadac
moswavlis mier Sesasrulebeli davalebaa gawerili. masSi
aRniSnulia saswavlo miznebi da Sefasebis kriteriumebi, naSromis
formati, Sefasebis wesebi da, aseve, proceduruli detalebic
(magaliTad, Sesrulebis vadebi, Sefasebis qulebi). moswavlem
SeTanxmebuli kontraqtis Sesabamisad unda Seasrulos da gaaformos
davaleba da droulad Caabaros igi maswavlebels. bunebrivia, rom
sxvadasxva mzaobis moswavleebisTvis gankuTvnili kontraqtebi
gansxvavebulia.

9
 saswavlo kontraqti mimarTebis „mTeli-nawili“ ganviTarebaze
xelSeuxebeli muxlebi:
muSaoba mcire jgufSi da yvela kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema.
1. gayavi „sakvebi~ oTx kacze Tanabrad: muSaob wyvilSi da cdilob
mrgvali („pica~) da kvadratuli („sendviCi~) furclebis saSualebiT
„sakvebis~ ganawilebas, risTvisac furclebi Tanabar nawilebad unda
gakeco. SegiZlia, furclebi nawilebad daWra kidec, raTa es nawilebi
erTmaneTs daatolo da gansazRvro, Tanabaria Tu ara.
2. Tu 12 kenWi warmoadgens mTels, ramdeni iqneba misi naxevari?
ramdeni naxevaria mTelSi? ramdeni mesamedia? meoTxedi? romelia meti
– mTeli Tu misi naxevari? mesamedi Tu meoTxedi? ra gziT gaakeTe es
daskvna? da a.S.
muxlebi, romlebic molaparakebas eqvemdebareba:
wyvilebSi muSaobisas ganaxorcieleT sul mcire erTi qvemoT
mocemuli aqtivoba:
1. imuSave wyvilSi da Seecade marTkuTxa („sendviCi~) da samkuTxa
(„namcxvris naWeri~) furclebis meSveobiT „sakvebi~ sami
sxvadasxvanairi gziT Tanabar nawilebad gaanawilo. amis
sailustraciod furclebi Tanabar nawilebad unda gakeco an daWra.
SeiZleba Tu ara kidev sxva gziT TiToeuli figuris Tanabrad gayofa?
wyvilma unda gadawyvitos, romeli figura _ wre, kvadrati,
marTkuTxedi Tu samkuTxedi _ufro advili gasayofia da moaxdinos
imis demonstireba, ratom airCies esa Tu is figura.
2. ipove mTeli: daxaze marTkuTxedi, romlis naxevaria mocemuli
marTkuTxedi. axla is marTkuTxedic daxaze, romlis
mesamedia/meoTxedia mocemuli marTkuTxedi. SeiZleba Tu ara kidev sxva
zomis „mTeli~ marTkuTxedis miReba? da a.S.
arasavaldebulo muxlebi:
wyvilebSi muSaobisas amoirCieT da amoxseniT erTi an ramdenime qvemoT
mocemuli amocana.
1. zrdasruli adamianis simaRlis daaxloebiT ra nawils
warmoadgens misi xelis sigrZe? Tavis simaRle? am kiTxvebze pasuxis
gasacemad Caatare Sesabamisi gazomvebi.
2. gamoikvlie musika: ratom aris mTeli da nawilebi agrerigad
mniSvnelovani musikaSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad informacia
moiZie internetSi an biblioTekaSi. moiyvane magaliTebi. da a.S.

kuburebi _ am meTodis gamoyenebisas moswavleebi agoreben

specialurad damzadebul kubura-kamaTels da im aqtivobaSi erTvebian,
rac „mouvaT“. kubura-kamaTeli diferencirebulia mzaobis mixedviT,
anu gansxvavebuli mzaobis moswavleTa jgufebs gansxvavebuli
kuburebi aqvT, romlebzec ganTavsebulia amocanebi Sesaferisi
mzaobis moswavleebisTvis. moswavleTaTvis arCevanis SeTavazebis

10
mizniT TiToeul waxnagze sasurvelia ori an meti aqtivobis
ganTavsebac.

“kuburas” nimuSi

amoxseni amocana. ra Seqmeni da ra kiTxva

gagiadvilda? ra amoxseni msgavsi undadausvas
gagiWirda? amocana. moswavlem sakuTar
Tavs, roca am
amocanas pirvelad
naxavs?

romeli
maTematikuri dawere amocanis
cnebebi an amoxsnis detaluri
ra Secdoma SeiZleba instruqciebi
terminebia
dauSvan bavSvebma am maTTvis, vinc
amocanaSi
amocanis amoxsnisas? dRevandel
gamoyenebuli?
ratom? gakveTils ar
maqsimalurad
daakonkrete! daswrebia.

maswavlebels aseve SeuZlia dafaze yvelasTvis gankuTvnili

aradiferencirebuli amocana daweros da mcire jgufebs
gansxvavebuli davalebebi misces am amocanasTan dakavSirebiT an
moswavleebs baraTebi Camourigos diferencirebuli amocanebiT im
qulis Sesabamisad, romelic maT mouvidaT kamaTelze.

kuburas meTodi SeiZleba gamoiyenoT axali cnebis an amocanis

gacnobis Semdeg rogorc mis gasaazreblad, aseve ganxilvis
saSualebad an saSinao davalebis Sesamowmeblad. SeiZleba am meTods
sxva aqtivobebisTvisac mivmarToT.

11