Exercise 10.

Question # 1  cos (83  53)

Write each of the following as a  cos 30

trigonometric of a single angle.
3

(i). sin 37 cos 22  cos 37 sin 22 2

Solution:

sin  cos   cos  sin   sin (   ) (iii). cos 19 cos 5  sin19 sin 5

Solution:
Put   37 ,   22
 cos cos   sin  sin   cos (   )
 sin 37 cos 22  cos 37 sin 22
Put   19 ,   5
 sin( 37  22)

 sin 59  cos19 cos 5  sin 19 sin 5

 cos (19  5)

 cos 24
(ii). cos 83 cos 53  sin83 sin 53

Solution:

 cos cos   sin  sin   cos (   ) (iv). sin 40 cos 15  cos40 sin15

Solution:
Put   83 ,   53
 sin  cos   cos sin   sin (   )
 cos 83 cos 53  sin 83 sin 53
Put   40 ,   15 Put   35 ,   12

 sin 40 cos 15  cos 40 sin 15 tan 35  tan 12

1  tan 35 tan 12
 sin (40  15)
 tan (35  12)
 sin 25
 tan 23

Question # 2
tan 20  tan32
(v).
1  tan20 tan32 Evaluating each of the following
exactly.
Solution:
π
tan   tan  (i) sin  
tan(   )   12 
1  tan  tan 
Solution:
Put   20 ,   32
π  180 
tan 20  tan 32 sin    sin  
  12   12 
1  tan 20 tan 32

 tan (20  32) sin(15 )

 tan 52  sin (60  45 )

 sin 60 cos45  cos60 .sin 45

tan 35  tan12
(vi).  3  1   1  1 
1  tan35 tan12         
 
2  2   2   2 
Solution:
3 1
tan   tan  
tan (   )  2 2
1  tan  tan 
 3 1 2 ( 3  1)2
  
2 2 2 ( 3  1)( 3  1)

3 2 2 ( 3 ) 2  12  2 (1) ( 3 )
 
2 2 2 ( 3 ) 2  12

6 2 3 1 2 3
 
4 3 1
(ii) tan 75
42 3

2
Solution:
2 (2  3 )
 tan (45  30) 
2
tan 45  tan 30
  (2  3 )
1  tan 45 tan 30
(iii) tan105 
1
1
 3 Solution:
 1 
1  (1)  
 3  tan (60  45)

3 1 tan 60  tan 45


3 1  tan 60 tan 45

3 1
3 1
1
 3
3 1  1 
 1
3 1  (1)
 3
Rationalizing
1 3
3 1 3 1  3
  3 1
3 1 3 1
3
 1 3  tan (30  45 )

3 1
tan30  tan 45
Rationalizing 
1  tan30 tan 45
3 1 3 1
  1
3 1 3 1 1
 3
 1 
( 3  1)2 1   (1)
  3 
( 3  1)( 3  1)
1 3
( 3 ) 2  12  2 (1) ( 3 )
  3
( 3 ) 2  12 3 1
3
3 1 2 3

3 1 1 3

3 1
42 3

2 Rationalizing
2 (2  3 )
 3 1 3 1
2  
3 1 3 1
 (2  3 )
 
2
3 1

 3 1  3 1 
 5π 
(iv) tan  
 12  ( 3) 2  12  2(1)( 3)

( 3) 2  (1) 2
Solution:
3 1 2 3
 5π   5  180  
tan    tan   3 1
 12   12 
42 3

 tan (75 ) 2

2 (2  3 ) 
 sin 60  45 
2
 sin 60 .cos45  cos60 .sin 45
2 3

1 3 1 1
 .  .
2 2 2 2
(v) cos 15
3 1
Solution: 
2 2
 cos (45  30)
3 1 2
 
 cos 45 cos 30  sin 45 sin 30 2 2 2

3 2 2
 1  3  1  3 
     2 2 2
 2  2   2 2 
6 2

3 1 2 4
 
2 2 2

3 2 2
 Question # 3
2 2 2
3 4
6 2 If sinu  and sinv  , u and v are between
 5 5
4

0 and evaluate the following exactly
2

 7π 
(vi) sin   Solution:
 12 

Solution: We know that sin 2u  cos 2 u  1

2
 7π  3
sin    sin (105 )    cos u  1
2
 12  5
9 16
 cos2 u  1 cos2 v  1 
25 25

9 25  16
cos2 u  1  cos2 v 
25 25

25  9 9
cos2 u  cos2 v 
25 25

16 Taking √ on both sides

cos2 u 
25 3
 cos v  
5
Taking √ on both sides
16 cos v is positive, hence neglect
 cos u  
25 negative sign.

4
 cos u   3
5 cos v 
5
cos u is positive, hence neglect
(i) cos (u  v)  cos u cos v  sin u sin v
negative sign.
Putting values
4
cos u   4  3   3  4 
5        
 5  5   5  5 
Similarly,
12 12
 
cos 2 v  sin 2 v  1 25 25

2 0
4
   cos v  1
2
5

16 (ii) tan (u  v)
 cos2 v  1
25
 sin u 3 5 3 7
tan u    
cos u 4 5 4 25

sin v 4 5 4
tan v   
cos v 3 5 3 (iv) cos (u  v)

tan u  tan v  cos u cos v  sin u sin v

Now tan (u  v) 
1  tan u tan v
Putting values
3 4

 4 3  4  3   3  4 
       
3 4  5  5   5  5 
1 .
4 3
12 12
9  16  
25 25
 12
11 24

25
7

12  2

Question # 4Le
7
tan( u  v ) 
24 4 12
If sin 𝛼 = − and cos 𝛽 = −
5 13

and 𝛼 in quadrant II. Find exact value of

(iii) sin (u  v)  sin u cos v  cos u sin v (i) sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)

(ii) cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
Putting values
(iii) tan(𝛼 + 𝛽)
 3  3   4  4 
       
 5  5   5  5 

9 16
 
25 25
 Solution:
2
12 2
sin 𝛽 + (− ) = 1
4 13
As sin 𝛼 = − → (i)
5
144
12 sin2 𝛽 + =1
cos 𝛽 = − → (ii) 169
13
∵ sin2 𝛼 + cos 2 𝛼 = 1 144
sin2 𝛽 = 1 −
169
4 2
( − ) + cos 2 𝛼 = 1 169 − 144
5 sin2 𝛽 =
16 169
+ cos 2 𝛼 = 1
25 25
16 sin2 𝛽 =
169
cos 2 𝛼 = 1 −
25
25 − 16 Taking √ on both sides
cos 2 𝛼 =
25
9 25
cos 2 𝛼 = sin2 𝛽 = ±√
25 169
Taking √ on both sides
5
sin 𝛽 = ±
13
9
⇒ cos 𝛼 = ±√ sin 𝛽 is positive in II quadrant, hence
25
neglect negative sign.
3
⇒ cos 𝛼 = ±
5 5
sin    (iv)
13
cos 𝛼 is negative in III quadrant, hence
(i) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 − 𝜷)
neglect positive sign.
= sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽
3
cos    (iii)
5 Put values

Now sin2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛽 = 1 4 12 3 5

= ( − ) (− ) − (− ) ( )
5 13 5 13
 48 15 33
= + =
65 65 65

63 Now
=
65 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) =
cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)

(ii) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 + 𝜷) 33
tan (   )  65
= cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 56
65
Put values
33

3 12 4 5 56
= (− ) (− ) − (− ) ( )
5 13 5 13

36 20
= + Question # 5Let
65 65
56 3 13
= If 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛂  , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛃  and neither the
65 4 5
terminal side of the angle of
measure 𝛂 𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝛃 in the first quadrant,
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)
(𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷) = then find
𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 + 𝜷)
(i) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)
As we know
(ii) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 + 𝜷)
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽

Put values (iii) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)

4 12 3 5 Solution:
= (− ) (− ) + (− ) ( )
5 13 5 13
3
As tan = is positive, so  present either in
48 15 4
= −
65 65 I or III quadrant, but here  is in III quadrant
 13 3
As sec  = is positive, so  present either in As tan  =
5 4
I or IVquadrant, but here  is in IV quadrant
sin  3
 
cos 4
We know that
3
 sin   cos 
1 + tan2 𝛼 = sec 2 𝛼 4

3 2 Put value of cos 𝛼

1 + ( ) = sec 2 𝛼
4 3 4
 sin    
9 4 5
1+ = sec 2 𝛼
16
3
sin 𝛼 = − → (ii)
16 + 9 5
= sec 2 𝛼
16
13
Since sec  =
25 5
= sec 2 𝛼
16
5
cos 𝛽 = → (iii)
Taking √ on both sides 13

Now sin2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛽 = 1

25
sec 𝛼 = ±√
16 5 2
2
sin 𝛽 + ( ) = 1
13
5
sec 𝛼 = ± 25
4 sin2 𝛽 + =1
169
sec 𝛼 is negative in III quadrant, hence neglect
25
positive sign. sin2 𝛽 = 1 −
169
5
sec 𝛼 = − 169 − 25
4 sin2 𝛽 =
169
4
cos 𝛼 = − → (i) 144
5 sin2 𝛽 =
169
Taking √ on both sides (ii) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 + 𝜷)

= cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

144
sin 𝛽 = ±√
169 Put values

12 4 5 3 12
sin 𝛽 = ± = (− ) ( ) − (− ) (− )
13 5 13 5 13

Since sin 𝛽 is negative in the 4th quadrant = − 20 − 36

65 65
so neglect positive sign.
56
=−
12 65
sin 𝛽 = − → (iv)
13
(iii) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)

sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
=
(i) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷) cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)

sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 33

Put values  65
56

65
3 5 4 12
= (− ) ( ) + (− ) (− )
5 13 5 13 33
=−
15 48 56
=− +
65 65 Question # 6L
−15 + 48 𝜶 𝜶
= (𝐢) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
65 𝟐 𝟐
33 Solution:
=
65
L.H.S= cos 𝛼

2𝛼
= cos ( )
2
 𝛼+𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
= cos ( ) cos 𝛼 = cos 2 − (1 − cos 2 )
2 2 2
𝛼 𝛼
= cos 2 − 1 + cos 2
𝛼 𝛼 2 2
= cos ( + )
2 2 𝛼
= 2 sin2
2
−1 Required Result
∵ cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin𝛼 sin𝛽

(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷) . 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 − 𝜷) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜷 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜶

α α α 𝛼
= cos cos − sin sin
2 2 2 2 Solution:

L.H.S
𝛼 𝛼
= cos 2 − sin2 𝛼 𝛼 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) ⋅ sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)
2 ∵2cos 2 + sin2 = 1
2 2
= (sin𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos𝛼 sin 𝛽). (sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽)
𝛼 𝛼
cos 2 = 1 − sin2
2 2 = sin2 𝛼 cos 2 𝛽 − cos 2 𝛼 sin2 𝛽

∵ sin2 𝛼 = 1 − cos 2 𝛼
sin2 𝛽 = 1 − cos 2 𝛽

𝛼 𝛼 = (1 − cos 2 𝛼)cos2 𝛽 − cos 2 𝛼(1 − cos 2 𝛽)

cos 𝛼 = (1 − sin ) − sin2
2
2 2
= cos 2 𝛽 − cos 2 𝛼 cos 2 𝛽 − cos 2 𝛼 + cos 2 𝛼 cos 2 𝛽
𝛼
cos 𝛼 = 1 − 2 sin2 Required Result
2 = cos 2 𝛽 − cos 2 𝛼

Now again = R.H.S

𝛼 𝛼
∵ cos + sin2 = 1
2
𝛼 𝛼2 2
cos 𝛼 = cos 2 − sin2
2 𝛼2 𝛼
sin2 = 1 − cos 2
2 2
Question # 7 7L cot  cot  1
cot  cot 
Show that 
cot   cot 
cot  cot 
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜶𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜷 − 𝟏
(i) 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝜶 + 𝜷) =
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜷 cot  cot   1

cot   cot 
Solution:
=R.H.S
L.H.S = cot(𝛼 + 𝛽)
ALTERNATE METHOD

L.H.S = cot(𝛼 + 𝛽)
1

tan     cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
=
1 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)

 tan   tan   cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
 1  tan  tan   =
  sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽
1  tan  tan 
 Divide Numerator and Denominator
tan   tan 
1 1 by sin𝛼 sin𝛽
1 .
cot  cot 
 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽−sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
1 1

cot  cot  sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
= sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽+cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽
1 1 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

 1 cot  .cot B
1 1 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

cot  cot 
⋅ sin 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 . sin 𝛽
sin 𝛼
= sin 𝛼cos 𝛽 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽
Taking L.C.M +
sin 𝛼sin 𝛽 sin 𝛼sin 𝛽

cot 𝛼 ⋅ cot 𝛽 − 1
=
cot 𝛽 + cot 𝛼
=R.H.S 1 + tan 𝜃
=
1 − (1) tan 𝜃
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)
(ii) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜶 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜷
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜶𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 1 + tan 𝜃
=
1 − tan 𝜃
Solution:
sin 𝜃
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) 1 + cos 𝜃
L.H.S = = sin 𝜃
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽
1 − cos 𝜃
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽
=
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 Taking L.C.M

sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 cos  sin 

= +
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽  cos
cos  sin 
sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 cos
= +
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽
cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃
=
= tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃

=R.H.S = R. H. S

Question # 8 ALTERNATE METHOD

𝜋
Prove that L.H.S= tan ( + 𝜃)
4
𝝅 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
(𝐢) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( + 𝜽) = = tan(45° + 𝜃)
𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Solution: sin(45° + 𝜃)
=
cos(45° + 𝜃)
𝜋
L.H.S= tan ( + 𝜃)
4 sin 45° cos 𝜃 + cos 45° sin 𝜃
=
= tan(45° + 𝜃) cos 45° cos 𝜃 − sin 45° sin 𝜃

tan 45° + tan 𝜃

=
1 − tan 45° tan 𝜃
 1 1 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)
cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 L. H. S =
2 2
= √1 √
1
𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝜶 − 𝜷)
cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
√2 √2 = tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) ⋅ tan(𝛼 − 𝛽)
1 tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 − tan 𝛽
(cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃) =( )( )
2
= √1 1 − tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 1 + tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
(cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 )
√2 (tan 𝛼)2 − (tan 𝛽)2
=
(1)2 − (tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽)2
cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 tan2 𝛼 − tan2 𝛽
=
= R. H. S 1 − tan2 𝛼 tan2 𝛽

𝝅 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = R. H. S
(𝐢𝐢)𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( − 𝜽) =
𝟒 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽

Solution:
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝝓 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜽 + 𝝓)
(iv) =
𝜋 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝝓 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜽 − 𝝓)
L.H.S = tan ( − 𝜃)
4
Solution:
L.H.S = tan(45° − 𝜃)
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝝓
tan 45° − tan 𝜃 L. H. S =
= 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝝓
1 + tan 45° ⋅ tan 𝜃
sin sin  sin sin 
1 − tan 𝜃 1 
= coscos coscos 
1 + tan 𝜃 
sin sin  sin sin 
1 
coscos coscos 
=R.H.S
Taking L.C.M
cos 𝜃cos 𝜙−sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝜶 + 𝜷) cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙
(𝐢𝐢𝐢) =
𝐜𝐨𝐭 (𝜶 − 𝜷) cos 𝜃cos 𝜙+sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙
Solution:
 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 − sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 By allied angle rules
=
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙
sin(180∘ − 𝛼) = + sin 𝛼
cos(𝜃 + 𝜙)
= cos(270∘ − 𝛼) = − sin 𝛼
cos(𝜃 − 𝜙)
sin(180∘ + 𝛼) = − sin 𝛼
= L. H. S.
cos(270∘ + 𝛼) = + sin 𝛼
Question # 9
So we have
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
+ = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝜽
𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟒𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟒𝜽 sin(180∘ − 𝛼) cos(270∘ − 𝛼)
L. H. S =
Solution: sin(180∘ + 𝛼)cos(270∘ + 𝛼)

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 (sin 𝛼) × (− sin α)

L.H.S = + =
sec𝟒𝜽 cosec4𝜃 (− sin α) × (sin α)

1 1 =1
= sin 𝜃 ⋅ + cos 𝜃 ⋅
sec 4𝜃 cosec 4𝜃
ALTERNATE MEHTOD
= sin 𝜃 cos 4𝜃 + cos 𝜃 sin 4𝜃
sin(180∘ − 𝛼) cos(270∘ − 𝛼)
∵ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 L. H. S =
= sin(𝜃 + 4𝜃) sin(180∘ + 𝛼)cos(270∘ + 𝛼)

sin 5𝜃 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) (sin180∘ cos 𝛼 − cos180∘ sin 𝛼)(cos 270∘ cos 𝛼 + sin270∘ sin 𝛼)
=
(sin180∘ cos 𝛼 + cos180∘ sin 𝛼)(cos 270∘ cos 𝛼 −sin270∘ sin 𝛼)

= R. H. S (0 ⋅ cos 𝛼 − (−1) ⋅ sin 𝛼)(0 ⋅ cos 𝛼 + (−1) ⋅ sin 𝛼)

=
(0 ⋅ cos 𝛼 + (−1) ⋅ sin 𝛼)(0 ⋅ cos 𝛼 − (−1) ⋅ sin 𝛼)
Question # 10
(sin 𝛼)(− sin 𝛼)
sin(180∘ − 𝛼) cos(270∘ − 𝛼) =
=1 (− sin 𝛼) ⋅ sin 𝛼
sin(180∘ + 𝛼)cos(270∘ + 𝛼)
=1
Solution:
= R. H. S
sin(180∘ − 𝛼) cos(270∘ − 𝛼)
L. H. S =
sin(180∘ + 𝛼)cos(270∘ + 𝛼)
Question # 11 Cross multiplication

To Prove        
1   cot  cot    cot cot  1 cot
 2 2  2 2  2
α β γ α β γ
cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
Proof: cot  cot  cot cot cot  cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
      180
     
     180   cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
Dividing by 2 on both sides
Question # 12
  180  
 
2 2 If 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 180∘ , show that

  180  cot 𝛼 cot 𝛽 + cot 𝛽 cot 𝛾 + cot 𝛾 cot 𝛼 = 1

  
2 2 2 2 Proof:
  
  90        180
2 2 2
Taking cot on both sides      180  

     Taking cot on both sides

cot     cot  90o  
2 2  2
cot (   )  cot (180   )
   
cot     tan (by allied angle property) cot (   )   cot  (by allied angle property)
2 2 2
cot  cot   1  cot 
  
cot cot 1 1 cot   cot  1
2 2 
  
cot  cot cot Cross multiplication
2 2 2
cot  cot   1   cot  (cot   cot  ) Now for finding r, squaring and adding

eq (i) & (ii)

cot  cot   1   cot  cot   cot  cot 
16  r 2 cos 2 

cot  cot   cot  cot   cot  cot   1 9  r 2 sin 2 

Question # 13
25  r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2 
Express each of the following in the form

r sin(𝜃 + 𝜙) where terminal ray of 𝜃 and 𝜙 in

25 = 𝑟 2 (cos 2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙)
the first quadrant.

(i) 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞:

25 = 𝑟 2 (1)
4 sin 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 → 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃 Here 𝑟 = ±5, but we take
Here we let
𝑟=5 r = 5 because r is hypotenuse
4 sin 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 → (A)

Let 4 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 → (i)

For 𝜙, eq (ii) ÷ eq(i), we get
& 3 = 𝑟 sin 𝜙 → (ii)
3 𝑟 sin 𝜙
Put eq (i), (ii) in eq(A) =
4 𝑟 cos 𝜙

3
(A) ⟹ tan 𝜙 =
4
4 sin 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃 3
𝜙 = tan−1
4
= 𝑟(sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙)
= 𝑟 sin(𝜃 + 𝜙)
(ii) 𝟏𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟖 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 8
tan 𝜙 =
15
15 sin 𝜃 + 8 cos 𝜃 → 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃
8
15 sin 𝜃 + 8 cos 𝜃 → (A) 𝜙 = tan−1
15
Let 15 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 → (i)
(iii) 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 − 𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
& 8 = 𝑟 sin 𝜙 → (ii)
2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 → 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 − 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃
Put eq (i), (ii) in eq (A)
2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 → (A)
(A) ⟹
Let 2 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 → (i)
15 sin 𝜃 + 8 cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃
& − 5 = 𝑟 sin 𝜙 → (ii)
= 𝑟(sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙)
= 𝑟 sin(𝜃 + 𝜙) Put eq (i), (ii) in eq (A) 5
𝜙 = tan−1 (− )
(A) ⟹ 2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 2
Now for finding r, squaring and adding eq (i) &(ii)
= 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃
225  r 2 cos 2 
64  r 2 sin 2  2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃
= 𝑟(cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃)
2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 sin(𝜃 + 𝜙)
289  r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2 
Now for finding r, squaring and
289 = 𝑟 2 (cos 2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙) adding eq (i) & (ii)

289 = 𝑟 2 (1) 22 + (−5)2 = (𝑟 cos 𝜙)2 + (𝑟 sin 𝜙)2

𝑟 = 17 4 + 25 = 𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜙

For 𝜙, eq (ii)÷ eq(i), we get 29 = 𝑟 2 (cos 2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙)

8 𝑟 sin 𝜙 29 = 𝑟 2 (1)
=
15 𝑟 cos 𝜙
 𝑟 = √29 2 = 𝑟 2 (1)

For 𝜙, eq (ii) ÷ eq(i), we get

𝑟 = √2
−5 𝑟 sin 𝜙
=
2 𝑟 cos 𝜙
For 𝜙, eq (ii) ÷ eq(i), we get
5
tan 𝜙 = − 1 𝑟 sin 𝜙
2 =
1 𝑟 cos 𝜙
(iv) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
tan 𝜙 = 1
sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 → 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃
𝜙 = tan−1 ( 1)
sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 → (A)

Let 1 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 → (i) 𝜋

𝜙=
4
& 1 = 𝑟 sin 𝜙 → (ii)

Put eq (i), (ii) in eq(A)

(A) ⟹

sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 cos 𝜙 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜙 cos 𝜃

= 𝑟(sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙)

= 𝑟 sin(𝜃 + 𝜙)

Now for finding r, squaring and adding eq (i) &(ii)

(1)2  r 2 cos 2 
(1)2  r 2 sin 2 

2  r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2 

2 = 𝑟 2 (cos2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙)