Exercise 10.

3
Question #1
Express the following products as sum or differences:
(𝐢) 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Solution:
∵ 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 = cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) − cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
Here 𝛼 = 6𝑥 , 𝛽=𝑥
2 sin 6𝑥 sin 𝑥 = cos(6𝑥 − 𝑥) − cos(6𝑥 + 𝑥)
= cos(5𝑥) − cos(7𝑥)

(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟓∘ ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟐𝟑∘

Solution:
sin 55∘ ⋅ cos 123∘
× ing and ÷ with 2
1
 2sin 55  cos123 
2
∵ 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)
Here 𝛼 = 55∘ , 𝛽 = 123∘


1
2
  
sin 55  123  sin 55  123 
 
1
  sin178  sin 68 
2
𝑨+𝑩 𝑨−𝑩
(𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝐬𝐢 𝐧 ( ) ⋅ 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution:
 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
si n ( ) ⋅ co s ( )
2 2
× ing and ÷ with 2
1  A  B   A  B 
 2  sin    cos  
2  2   2 

∵ 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
Now put 𝛼 = and 𝛽 =
2 2
1 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
= [ sin ( + ) + sin ( − )]
2 2 2 2 2
1 𝐴+𝐵+𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵−𝐴+𝐵
= [sin ( ) + sin ( )]
2 2 2
1 2𝐴 2𝐵
= [sin ( ) + sin ( )]
2 2 2
1
= [sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵]
2

𝑷+𝑸 𝑷−𝑸
(𝐢𝐯) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution:
𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
cos ( ) ⋅ cos ( )
2 2
× ing and ÷ with 2
1  PQ  P  Q 
 2  cos    cos  
2  2   2 

∵ 2 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 = cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) + cos(𝛼 − 𝛽)

𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
Put 𝛼 = , 𝛽=
2 2
 1 𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄 𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
= [cos ( + ) + cos ( − )]
2 2 2 2 2
1 𝑃+𝑄+𝑃−𝑄 𝑃+𝑄−𝑃+𝑄
= [cos ( ) + cos ( )]
2 2 2
1 2𝑃 2𝑄
= [cos ( ) + cos ( )]
2 2 2
1
= [ cos 𝑃 + cos 𝑄 ]
2

Question # 2
Convert the following sums or differences to products:
(i) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟕∘ + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟑∘
Solution:
𝜃+𝜙 𝜃−𝜙
Since sin 𝜃 + sin 𝜙 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2
Put𝜃 = 37∘ , 𝜙 = 43∘

∘ ∘
37∘ + 43∘ 37∘ − 43
sin 37 − sin 43 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2
80∘ −6
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2
= 2 sin(40∘ ) cos(−3∘ )
= 2 sin 40∘ cos 3∘

(ii) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟔∘ − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖𝟐∘

Solution:
𝜃+𝜙 𝜃−𝜙
Since cos 𝜃 − cos 𝜙 = −2 sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2
Put𝜃 = 36∘ , 𝜙 = 82∘
 ∘ ∘
36∘ + 82∘ 36∘ − 82∘
cos 36 − cos 82 = −2 sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2
118∘ 46∘
= −2 sin ( ) sin ( − )
2 2
= −2sin(59∘ )(sin(−23∘ )
= 2 sin 59∘ sin 23∘

𝑷+𝑸 𝑷−𝑸
(iii) 𝐬𝐢 𝐧 ( ) − 𝐬𝐢 𝐧 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution:
𝜃+𝜙 𝜃−𝜙
Since sin 𝜃 − sin 𝜙 = 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2
𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
Put𝜃 = ,𝜙 =
2 2
 PQ PQ   PQ PQ 
 2  2   2  2 
 PQ  PQ
sin    sin    2cos   sin  
 2   2   2   2 
   
   
𝑃+𝑄+𝑃−𝑄 𝑃+𝑄−𝑃+𝑄
= 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
4 4
2𝑃 2𝑄
= 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
4 4
𝑃 𝑄
= 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2
𝑨+𝑩 𝑨−𝑩
(iv) 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 ( ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution:
𝜃+𝜙 𝜃−𝜙
Since cos 𝜃 + cos 𝜙 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2
 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
Put𝜃 = , 𝜙=
2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 + −
2 2 2 2
cos ( ) + cos ( ) = 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2

𝐴+𝐵+𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵−𝐴+𝐵
= 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
4 4
2𝐴 2𝐵
= 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
4 4
𝐴 𝐵
= 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2

Question # 3
Prove the following identities
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕𝟓∘ + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟓∘
(i) = √𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟓∘ − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟓∘
Solution:
L.H.S
cos 75∘ + cos 15∘
=
sin 75∘ − sin 15∘
 75  15   75  15 
2cos   cos  
 2   2 

 75  15   75  15 
2cos   sin  
 2   2 

 90   60 
cos    cos  
  2   2 
 90   60 
cos    sin  
 2   2 
 cos 45∘ ⋅ cos 30∘
=
cos 45∘ ⋅ sin 30∘
= tan 30∘

= √3
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟑𝟓∘ − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟐𝟎∘

(ii) = 𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟑𝟓∘ + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟐𝟎∘
Solution:
Note:
sin 135∘ = sin(90∘ + 45∘ ) = sin 90∘ cos 45∘ + cos 90∘ sin 45∘
= 1 ⋅ cos 45∘ + 0
⇒ sin 135∘ = cos 45∘
cos 120∘ = cos(90∘ + 30∘ ) = cos 90∘ cos 30∘ − sin 90∘ sin 30∘
= 0 ⋅ cos 30∘ − 1 ⋅ sin 30∘
⇒ cos 120∘ = −sin 30∘
sin 135∘ − cos 120∘
𝐋. 𝐇. 𝐒 =
sin 135∘ + cos 120∘
cos 45∘ − (−sin 30∘ )
=
cos 45∘ + (−sin 30∘ )
cos 45∘ + sin 30∘
=
cos 45∘ − sin 30∘
 1  1
  
2   2

 1  1
  
 2   2

2 + √2 2 − √2
= ÷
2√2 2√2
 2 + √2
=
2 − √2
Rationalizing
2 + √2 2 + √2
= ×
2 − √2 2 − √2
(2 + √2)2
= 2
(2)2 − (√2)

4 + 2 + 2√2
=
4−2
6 + 4√2
=
2
= 3 + 2√2
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

Question # 4
Prove the following identities
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝜶
(i) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝜶
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟗𝜶
Solution:
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
sin 𝛼 + sin 𝛽 2 sin ( ) ⋅ cos ( 2 )
2
∵ =
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 2 cos (𝛼+𝛽) ⋅ cos (𝛼−𝛽)
2 2

sin 𝛼 + sin 9𝛼
L.H.S=
cos 𝛼 + cos 9𝛼
    9     9 
2sin    cos  
  2   2 
   9     9 
2cos    cos  
 2   2 
 10   8 
2sin    cos  
  2   2 
 10   8 
2cos    cos  
 2   2 
 10 
sin  
  2 
 10 
cos  
 2 
sin 5𝛼
=
cos 5𝛼
= tan 5𝛼
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝜷 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝜷

(ii) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟑𝜷
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝜷 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝜷
Solution:
cos 𝛽 + cos 3𝛽 + cos 5𝛽
L.H.S=
sin 𝛽 + sin 3𝛽 + sin 5𝛽
(cos 5𝛽 + cos 𝛽) + cos 3𝛽
=
(sin 5𝛽 + sin𝛽) + sin 𝛽
 5     5   
2cos    cos    cos3
  2   2 
 5     5   
2sin   cos    sin 3
 2   2 
  6   4 
2cos    cos    cos3
  2   2 
 6   4 
2sin    cos    sin 3
 2   2 
2cos 3𝛽 ⋅ cos 2𝛽 + cos 3𝛽
=
2sin 3𝛽 ⋅ cos 2𝛽 + sin 3𝛽
cos 3𝛽 2 cos 2𝛽 + 1
= ( )
sin 3𝛽 2 cos 2𝛽 + 1
cos 3𝛽
=
sin 3𝛽
= cot 3𝛽
=R.H.S

(iii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝜽 = 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜽

Solution:
L.H.S= sin 4𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 + sin 6𝜃
4𝜃 + 2𝜃 4𝜃 − 2𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) + sin(2 × 3𝜃)
2 2
6𝜃 2𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) ⋅ cos ( ) + 2 sin 3𝜃 cos 3𝜃
2 2
= 2 sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 2 sin 3𝜃 cos 3𝜃
= 2 sin 3𝜃 (cos 3𝜃 + cos 𝜃)
3𝜃 + 𝜃 3𝜃 − 𝜃
= sin 3𝜃 ( 2 cos ( ) cos ( ))
2 2
4𝜃 2𝜃
= 4 sin 3𝜃 (cos ( ) cos ( ))
2 2
= 4 sin 3𝜃 cos 2𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒
(𝐢𝐯) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝜽 = 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽
Solution:
L.H.S= sin 5𝜃 + sin 𝜃 + 2 sin 3𝜃
= sin 5𝜃 + sin 𝜃 + sin 3𝜃 + sin 3𝜃
Re-arranging
=( sin 5𝜃 + sin 3𝜃) + (sin 3𝜃 + sin 𝜃)
5𝜃 + 3𝜃 5𝜃 − 3𝜃 3𝜃 + 𝜃 3𝜃 − 𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) + 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
8𝜃 2𝜃 4𝜃 2𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) + 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
= 2 sin 4𝜃 ⋅ cos 𝜃 + 2 sin 2𝜃 ⋅ cos 𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃 (sin 4𝜃 + sin 2𝜃)
4𝜃 + 2𝜃 4𝜃 − 2𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃 [2 sin ( ) cos ( )]
2 2
6𝜃 2𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃 (2 sin ( ) ⋅ cos ( ))
2 2
= 2 cos 𝜃 (2 sin 3𝜃 ⋅ cos 𝜃)
= 4 cos 2 𝜃 sin 3𝜃
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

(𝐯) sin 3𝜃 + sin 5𝜃 + sin 7𝜃 + sin 9𝜃 = 4 cos 𝜃 sin 6𝜃 cos 2𝜃

Solution:
L.H.S= sin 3𝜃 + sin 5𝜃 + sin 7𝜃 + sin 9𝜃
= (sin 5𝜃 + sin 3𝜃) + (sin 9𝜃 + sin 7𝜃)
5𝜃 + 3𝜃 5𝜃 − 3𝜃 9𝜃 + 7𝜃 9𝜃 − 7𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) + 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
 8𝜃 2𝜃 16𝜃 2𝜃
= 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) + 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
= 2 sin 4𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 2 sin 8𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃 (sin 8𝜃 + sin 4𝜃)
8𝜃 + 4𝜃 8𝜃 − 4𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃 ( 2 sin ( ) cos ( ))
2 2
12𝜃 4𝜃
= 4 cos 𝜃 ( sin ⋅ cos )
2 2
= 4 cos 𝜃 (sin 6𝜃 cos 2𝜃)
=R.H.S

(vi) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜷 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝜷 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜷 (𝟏 + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝜷)

Solution:
L.H.S= cos 𝛽 + cos 2𝛽 + cos 5𝛽
= (cos 5𝛽 + cos 𝛽) + cos 2𝛽
5𝛽 + 𝛽 5𝛽 − 𝛽
= 2 cos ( ) cos ( ) + cos 2𝛽
2 2
6𝛽 4𝛽
= 2 cos ( ) cos ( ) + cos 2𝛽
2 2
= 2 cos 3𝛽 cos 2𝛽 + cos 2𝛽
= cos 2𝛽 (2 cos 3𝛽 + 1)
=R.H.S

Question # 5
Prove that
𝟏
(i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝟎∘ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟎∘ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎∘ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖𝟎∘ =
𝟏𝟔
Proof:
L.H.S= cos 20∘ cos 40∘ cos 60∘ cos 80∘

1
 cos 20 cos 40   cos 80
2
Rearranging
1
 cos 20 (cos 80 cos 40)
2
Multiplying and dividing with 2
1 1
 cos 20. (2cos80 cos 40)
2 2
Using formula

 cos 20cos(80  40)  cos(80  40) 

1
4  

 cos20 cos120  cos40 

1
4  

1  1 
 cos 20   cos 40 
4 2 
1   1 cos 40 
 cos 20  
4 2 1 
Taking L.C.M

1  1  2cos 40 
 cos 20  
4  2

 cos20  1  2cos40 
1
8  

  cos20   2cos40 cos20 

1 1
8 8  
Again using formula
  cos20  cos(40  20)  cos(40  20) 
1 1
8 8  
1 1 1
  cos 20  cos 60  cos 20
8 8 8
1
 cos 60
8
1 1
  
8  2
1
=
16
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟑
(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =
𝟗 𝟗 𝟑 𝟗 𝟏𝟔
Proof:
 2  4
L.H.S  sin sin sin sin
9 9 3 9
 180   2(180 )   180   4(180 ) 
 sin   sin   sin   sin  
 9   9   3   9 
 sin 20 sin 40 cos 60 sin 80
 3
 sin 20 sin 40   sin 80
 2 
Rearranging

sin 20 sin 80 sin 40 

3

2  
Multiplying and dividing with −2
 3 1  
 sin 20.  2sin80 sin 40 
2 2  

Using Formula

 3
 sin 20 cos(80  40)  cos(80  40) 
4
 3 cos120  cos 40 
 sin 20  
4

 3  1 
 sin 20   cos 40
4  2 

 3   1 cos 40 
 sin 20  
4  2 1 
Taking L.C.M

 3   1  2 cos 40 
 sin 20  
4  2

 3
 sin 20  1  2 cos 40 
8  
3 3 
 sin 20  2 cos 40 sin 20
8 8  

Again using formula


8
3
sin 20 
8
3

sin( 40  20)  sin( 40  20) 
3 3 3
 sin 20  sin 60  sin 20
8 8 8
3
 sin 60
8
 3 3
 .
8 2
3

16
= 𝐑. 𝐇. 𝐒

𝟏
(iii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟎∘ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎∘ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟎∘ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟎∘ =
𝟏𝟔
Proof:
L.H.S  sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70
1
 sin 10   sin 50 sin 70
 2
Rearranging

 sin 10 sin 70 sin 50 

1
2  
Multiplying and dividing with −2
1
 2 sin 70 sin 50 
1
 sin 10. 
2 2 
Using formula

sin 10 cos(70  50)  cos(70  50) 

1

4  

sin 10 cos120  cos 20 

1

4  

1  1 
 sin 10   cos 20
4  2 

1   1 cos 20 
 sin 10  
4  2 1 
 Taking L.C.M

1   1  2 cos 20 
 sin 10  
4  2

  sin 10  1  2 cos 20 

1
8  

 cos 20  2 cos 20 sin 10 

1 1
8 8 
Using formula

 sin 10  sin (20  10)  sin (20  10) 

1 1
8 8 
1 1 1
 sin 10  sin 30  sin 10
8 8 8
1
 sin 30
8
1 1 
  
8 2
1

16
=R.H.S.