UGC NET

HRM/Labour Welafre [Code-55]

Question Bank

 Thoroughly Revised and

Updated
 Detailed Analysis of all MCQ
 As Per Current Exam Pattern

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 Table of Content

Unit – I -Principles and Practices of Management 2-36

Unit – II-Human Resource Management 36-65

Unit – III-Human Resource Development (HRD) 65-106

Unit – IV-Organizational Behaviour 106-137

Unit – V-Industrial Relations: 137-173

Unit – VI-Industrial Disputes 173-214

Unit – VII-Labour Legislation: 214-251

Unit – VIII-Wages: 251-285

Unit – IX-Labour Welfare: 285-321

Unit – X-Labour Market 321-354

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Unit – I Principles and Practices of Management
1. Assertion: Planning is considered the foundation of
management.
Reason: Planning involves setting goals, determining
actions, and allocating resources to achieve objectives.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Answer: A)
Explanation: Planning is indeed the foundation of
management, as it involves setting goals, defining
strategies, and allocating resources to achieve
organizational objectives. The Reason provided
correctly explains why the Assertion is true.
2. Assertion: Span of control refers to the number of
subordinates a manager can effectively supervise.
Reason: A narrow span of control is usually associated
with tall organizational structures.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Answer: A)
Explanation: The Assertion correctly defines span of
control, and the Reason accurately explains that a
narrow span of control is associated with a tall
organizational structure where managers have fewer
subordinates to supervise, resulting in more levels of
management.
3. Assertion: Leadership is a subset of management.
Reason: While management involves planning,
organizing, directing, and controlling, leadership
primarily focuses on inspiring and motivating people.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
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C) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Answer: A)
Explanation: The Assertion is correct in stating that
leadership is a subset of management, as leadership is
one of the key functions of management. The Reason
correctly explains the difference between management
and leadership by highlighting their distinct focuses.
4. Assertion: Controlling is a reactive function of
management.
Reason: Controlling involves comparing actual
performance with predetermined standards and taking
corrective actions if necessary.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Answer: A)
Explanation: The Assertion is accurate in describing
controlling as a reactive function, as it involves
monitoring actual performance and taking corrective
actions as needed. The Reason provides the correct
explanation by outlining the steps involved in the
controlling process.
5. Assertion: Motivation is the process of stimulating
people to accomplish desired goals.
Reason: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests
that physiological needs are the highest level of needs
in the hierarchy.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Answer: C)
Explanation: The Assertion correctly defines motivation
as the process of encouraging individuals to achieve
desired objectives. However, the Reason is incorrect.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory actually suggests
that physiological needs are the lowest level of needs in
the hierarchy, not the highest. The hierarchy starts with
physiological needs at the base and progresses through 1. Industrial Revolution
safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization 2. Early 20th Century
needs. 3. Post-World War II
4. Information Age
6. Match the management thinker with their Management Focus:
contribution to management theory: A. Efficiency and Division of Labor
Management Thinkers: B. Human Relations and Employee Welfare
1. Henri Fayol C. Globalization and Quality Management
2. Frederick Taylor D. Technology and Knowledge Management
3. Mary Parker Follett Answer:
4. Elton Mayo 1. Industrial Revolution - A. Efficiency and Division of
5. Peter Drucker Labor
Contributions: 2. Early 20th Century - B. Human Relations and
A. Scientific Management Employee Welfare
B. Hawthorne Studies 3. Post-World War II - C. Globalization and Quality
C. Principles of Management Management
D. Human Relations and Coordination 4. Information Age - D. Technology and Knowledge
E. Management by Objectives Management
Answer: Explanation:
1. Henri Fayol - C. Principles of Management  During the Industrial Revolution, management
2. Frederick Taylor - A. Scientific Management focused on increasing efficiency through division of
3. Mary Parker Follett - D. Human Relations and labor and mechanization.
Coordination  In the early 20th century, there was a shift towards
4. Elton Mayo - B. Hawthorne Studies considering human relations, welfare, and
5. Peter Drucker - E. Management by Objectives behavioral aspects of management.
Explanation:  Post-World War II management focused on
 Henri Fayol is known for his 14 Principles of globalization, quality improvement, and new
Management, which provided a framework for management techniques.
effective management practices.  In the Information Age, management is
 Frederick Taylor is the father of Scientific characterized by leveraging technology, data, and
Management, which focused on optimizing work knowledge for effective decision-making and
processes and improving efficiency. innovation.
 Mary Parker Follett emphasized human relations
and the importance of coordination in 8. Match the management development concept with
management. its description:
 Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies contributed to the Management Development Concepts:
understanding of how social and human factors 1. On-the-Job Training
impact productivity. 2. Mentoring
 Peter Drucker introduced Management by 3. Case Studies
Objectives (MBO), which emphasizes setting specific 4. Management Simulations
goals and aligning organizational efforts towards 5. Executive Education
achieving those goals. Descriptions:
A. Formal classroom programs offered by universities or
7. Match the historical period with the corresponding business schools.
focus in management: B. Learning through real work tasks and experiences
Historical Periods: within the organization.

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C. Learning from experienced managers who provide
guidance and support.
D. Analyzing real or hypothetical business situations to
develop problem-solving skills.
E. Creating artificial scenarios to replicate management
challenges for learning purposes.
Answer:
1. On-the-Job Training - B. Learning through real work
tasks and experiences within the organization.
2. Mentoring - C. Learning from experienced managers
who provide guidance and support.
3. Case Studies - D. Analyzing real or hypothetical
business situations to develop problem-solving
skills.
4. Management Simulations - E. Creating artificial
scenarios to replicate management challenges for
learning purposes.
5. Executive Education - A. Formal classroom programs
offered by universities or business schools.
Explanation:
 On-the-Job Training involves learning while
performing tasks within the work environment.
 Mentoring is a relationship where an experienced
manager guides and supports the development of a
less experienced individual.
 Case Studies involve analyzing real or hypothetical
business situations to improve decision-making
skills.
 Management Simulations create simulated
scenarios for managers to practice and enhance
their decision-making abilities.
 Executive Education refers to formal programs
offered by educational institutions to enhance
management knowledge and skills.
9. Match the management function with its description:
Management Functions:
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
Descriptions:
A. Monitoring performance, comparing it with goals,
and taking corrective actions.
B. Setting goals, defining tasks, and allocating resources
to achieve objectives.
C. Creating a formal structure, defining roles, and
arranging resources for efficient operations.
D. Influencing and guiding employees to work towards
organizational goals.
Answer:
1. Planning - B. Setting goals, defining tasks, and
allocating resources to achieve objectives.
2. Organizing - C. Creating a formal structure, defining
roles, and arranging resources for efficient
operations.
3. Leading - D. Influencing and guiding employees to
work towards organizational goals.
4. Controlling - A. Monitoring performance, comparing
it with goals, and taking corrective actions.
Explanation:
1. Planning involves setting goals and creating a
roadmap for achieving them.
2. Organizing focuses on structuring the organization
to ensure efficient coordination and resource
allocation.
3. Leading involves guiding and motivating employees
to accomplish tasks and objectives.
4. Controlling includes monitoring and regulating
performance to ensure alignment with goals and
making necessary adjustments.
10. Match the management principle with its
description:
Management Principles:
1. Unity of Direction
2. Scalar Chain
3. Equity
4. Esprit de Corps
5. Initiative
Descriptions:
A. Encouraging employees to take the first step in
accomplishing tasks.
B. Ensuring a clear and common focus for the
organization's efforts.
C. Establishing a clear hierarchy of authority in the
organization.
D. Promoting a sense of unity, teamwork, and
camaraderie among employees.
E. Treating employees fairly and justly to enhance
commitment and loyalty.
Answer: