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Chapter 07 - Group Influence

Chapter 07
Group Influence

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to group dynamics expert Marvin Shaw, one thing that all groups have in
common is that their members
A. share a common goal.
B. have well-defined roles.
C. enjoy free and open communication.
D. interact with one another.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

2. According to Marvin Shaw, two or more people who interact and influence one another are
referred to as _____________.
A. a team.
B. co-conspirators.
C. a group.
D. colleagues.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

7-1
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

3. Co-actors are
A. four people doing push-ups in an exercise class.
B. two people playing bridge.
C. eight competitors running a 5-kilometre race.
D. three people waiting for at a bus stop.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

4. Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a group?


A. Two or more people belong to it.
B. Its members influence one another.
C. Its members perceive one another as "us."
D. Members always have to be in physical proximity of each other.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

5. In accordance with the definition of "group" provided in the text, which of the following
does not represent a group?
A. A doctor with her patient
B. Three people who share the same taxi and decide who gets dropped off first
C. Four people working together on a class project
D. Five people riding the city bus

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

7-2
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

6. Which of the following can occur in a minimal group situation?


A. social facilitation
B. minority influence
C. group polarization
D. group think

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

7. On exam day, a student you don't know sits near you. This person is best described as
A. a confederate.
B. a co-actor.
C. an in-group member.
D. a comrade.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

8. You are working on a project with three of your classmates at a large table in the cafeteria
and are distracted by five other students sitting at the table, who are laughing and joking
together. According to your text, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. You and your classmates are a group; the other students are co-actors.
B. You and your classmates are a group; the other students are a group.
C. You and your classmates are co-actors; the other students are a group.
D. You and your classmates and the other students are all co-actors.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-3
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

9. A co-actor is someone who


A. does the same task as you at the same time.
B. helps and cooperates with you.
C. competes with you on a single task.
D. imitates you.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

10. Who among the following would be considered co-actors?


A. Twenty people doing sit-ups in an exercise class
B. Two people playing chess against each other
C. Twelve competitors running in a cross-country race
D. Three friends chatting pleasantly before class starts

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

11. In one of social psychology's earliest experiments, Norman Triplett found that children
told to wind string on a fishing reel as quickly as possible did their task much faster when
A. competing with other children.
B. each worked alone.
C. they worked in the presence of co-actors.
D. they had first practiced with their teammates.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-4
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

12. When the mere presence of others strengthens the dominant response, ________________
has occurred.
A. coaction
B. competition
C. social facilitation
D. group polarization

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

13. Which of the following situations is more likely to result in better performance in the
presence of others?
A. Circling all the vowels on a page filled with text
B. Memorizing nonsense syllables
C. Performing complex multiplication problems
D. Completing a complex maze

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

14. The social facilitation effect has been found to apply to all except
A. people performing simple motor tasks.
B. chickens eating grain.
C. ants excavating sand.
D. solving complex math problems.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-5
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

15. In which of the following situations would the social facilitation effect most likely occur?
A. A weak batter hitting a home run in front of a large crowd of fans
B. An inexperienced babysitter getting a young child to behave in a busy shopping mall
C. A new graduate being interviewed for a job by eight high-level executives
D. A top student excelling in a public spelling bee

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

16. The presence of others would most likely improve performance on


A. counting money.
B. solving crossword puzzles.
C. learning foreign language words.
D. solving complex mathematical puzzles.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

17. The presence of others would least likely improve performance in


A. playing chess.
B. weight lifting.
C. running.
D. the broad jump.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-6
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

18. Zajonc resolved the conflicting findings on how the presence of others influences
performance with the help of the well-established principle in experimental psychology that
arousal
A. enhances whatever response tendency is dominant.
B. interferes with the performance of simple tasks.
C. inhibits coordination of efforts.
D. weakens competing motives.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

19. The presence of others is likely to lead to better performance in _____________ and to
worse performance in ______________.
A. solving a crossword puzzle; sweeping a sidewalk
B. raking leaves; solving complex mathematical problems
C. playing golf; raking leaves
D. solving complex mathematical problems; solving a crossword puzzle

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

20. Nearly 300 studies confirm that social arousal ___________ performance on easy tasks
and __________ performance on difficult tasks.
A. hurts; boosts
B. facilitates; boosts
C. boosts; hurts
D. hurts; facilitates

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-7
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

21. Lee scored 99th percentile in the verbal portion of the SAT. She loves to put her verbal
skills to use in solving anagrams. Lee would most likely perform at her best
A. alone.
B. in the mere presence of others also solving anagrams.
C. after receiving positive feedback.
D. after receiving negative feedback.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

22. Sharmila hasn't done well on her earlier social psychology exams, and she doesn't feel
confident about her next exam. Is she most likely to perform better if given the opportunity to
answer the questions orally in front of her professor or in a written exam in a room by
herself?
A. A written exam completed in a room by herself
B. An oral exam in front of her professor
C. Neither situation will improve her performance
D. Either situation would improve her performance

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-8
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

23. Studies of athletes have found an advantage for home teams in that they win about 6 in 10
games. According to the research in your text, which statement is the best explanation as to
why this might this be so?
A. Athletes feel more comfortable on their "home turf" and are more relaxed.
B. Athletes perform well-practiced skills, which explains why they perform best when
energized by a supportive crowd.
C. Athletes are not performing their dominant response when they are playing another team
who has the home advantage.
D. Athletes are overly stressed by performing in front of their own fans, and this pressure
causes their performance to only be slightly above chance.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

24. Being in a crowd intensifies


A. only positive emotions.
B. only negative emotions.
C. positive and negative emotions
D. emotional bluntness

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

25. How does a supportive audience affect a person's performance on well-practiced skills?
A. It may elicit poorer performance.
B. It may elicit better performance.
C. It may elicit poorer performance on at first, and then the performance may improve.
D. It does not have any effect on the performance of the people.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-9
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

26. Being in a large crowd intensifies _____________.


A. negative reactions
B. positive reactions
C. positive or negative reactions
D. ambivalent reactions

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

27. How might having your mother and father at your first piano recital affect your
performance?
A. Their presence won't boost it.
B. Their presence will improve it a lot.
C. Their presence has no impact.
D. Their presence will improve it a little.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

28. Barbara is a professor and gives lectures to groups of students ranging from 40 to 100. She
is never anxious, enjoys giving these lectures, and doesn't have many problems speaking in
front of the students. However, at a conference, Barbara has been asked to speak in front of a
group of approximately 1000 of her academic peers. Based on the principles in your text,
Barbara is most likely to
A. experience enhanced performance because she is engaging in a well-learned behaviour.
B. present her speech without much difference between the way she lectures to her students.
C. experience some difficulty during her speech due to anxiety that interferes with her
speaking abilities.
D. experience excessive anxiety and be unable to perform her speech.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

7-10
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

29. Freedman and his colleagues had an accomplice listen to a humorous tape or watch a
movie with other participants. When all sat close together, the accomplice
A. was liked less by males and liked more by females.
B. could more readily induce the group to express hostility toward the experimenter.
C. could more readily induce the group to laugh and clap.
D. could more readily distract the group from attending to the tape or movie.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

30. Evans tested 10-person groups in either a small, crowded room or a larger, more spacious
room. Those in the crowded room were found to
A. make more errors on both simple and complex tasks.
B. make more errors on complex tasks but not on simple tasks.
C. complete both simple and complex tasks more quickly.
D. complete simple tasks more quickly and complex tasks more slowly.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

31. The primary effect of a crowd is that it


A. enhances performance.
B. enhances arousal.
C. always hurts performance.
D. enhances social responsibility.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

7-11
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

32. Evidence that contradicts Zajonc's mere presence theory of social facilitation is that when
observers are blindfolded, their presence
A. does not boost performance on a simple task.
B. hinders performance on a complex task.
C. boosts performance on a simple task.
D. is a distraction that leads to poorer performance on both simple and complex tasks.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

33. Social psychologists refer to our concern for how others are evaluating us as
A. social fear.
B. evaluation apprehension.
C. evaluation phobia.
D. co-actor anxiety.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

34. In one experiment conducted by Worringham & Messick in 1983, joggers on a jogging
path sped up as they came upon a woman seated on the grass, but only if she was
A. facing them.
B. facing away from them.
C. someone they knew.
D. a stranger.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

7-12
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

35. What is it about others that causes arousal?


A. They facilitate concentration.
B. They reduce self-bias.
C. They create evaluation apprehension.
D. They reduce nervousness.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

36. Gabriel is planning an experiment on the effects of evaluation apprehension on children's


ability to solve puzzles. He arranges for two children to solve puzzles in two different rooms
equipped with one-way mirrors. What should he tell the children?
A. Tell both children that they will be watched as they solve the puzzle.
B. Don't tell either of the children that they will be watched as they solve the puzzle.
C. Tell only one child that he or she will be watched as he or she solves the puzzle.
D. Tell both children that any one of them will be watched as they solve the puzzle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

37. Sanders and his colleagues have suggested that we are aroused in the presence of others,
not only because of evaluation apprehension, but because we
A. engage in social comparison.
B. become deindividuated.
C. get distracted.
D. need to belong.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

7-13
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

38. According to the "distraction hypothesis," the mere presence of others can cause arousal
because one experiences a conflict between
A. paying attention to the task and paying attention to the other people.
B. wanting to perform well and wanting to complete the task.
C. one's social role and one's personal self-image.
D. following instructions and making one's own decisions.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

39. Which of the following statements is true of the presence of others in arousal during a
performance?
A. The presence of others can be arousing only when we are not evaluated.
B. The presence of others can be arousing only if we are not distracted.
C. The presence of others produces some arousal even without evaluation apprehension or
arousing distraction.
D. The presence of others has no impact on performance.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

40. According to the text, the idea that the mere presence of others produces some arousal
even without evaluation apprehension or distraction is supported by the finding that
A. some people publicly violate social norms.
B. social facilitation effects occur among strangers.
C. social facilitation effects occur among children.
D. joggers feel energized jogging with someone else, even if they aren't competing or being
evaluated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

7-14
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

41. Which of the following group process theories should be considered by a corporate
planning committee looking into developing the layout for their new office space?
A. groupthink
B. social facilitation
C. social loafing
D. deindividuation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

42. Research on social facilitation suggests that the design of new office buildings in which
private offices are replaced with large, open areas may
A. invade privacy and disrupt worker morale.
B. improve communication and build employee morale.
C. disrupt creative thinking on complex tasks.
D. disrupt performance of routine clerical tasks.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-05 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?

43. Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to


A. perform an unfamiliar task more poorly when others are present.
B. violate social norms when no one is watching.
C. be insensitive to the needs of others.
D. exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

7-15
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

44. Social loafing does not occur in situations in which people


A. pool their efforts toward a common goal.
B. are not accountable as individuals.
C. feel little evaluation apprehension.
D. are accountable as individuals.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

45. In a study by Latané and his colleagues, participants were asked to shout and clap as loud
as possible. Participants produced the most noise when they
A. thought they were shouting alone.
B. thought there was one other person shouting with them.
C. thought there were five other people shouting with them.
D. were not feeling any evaluation apprehension.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

46. Juanita has been assigned an easy group project with three classmates, where the group
will get one grade for the presentation they make at the end. According to the principles of
social loafing, Juanita will most likely
A. slack off and not work as hard as she would have if she did the project herself.
B. work harder than other group members to compensate for them slacking off.
C. contribute equally to the group to produce the best group output possible.
D. work just as hard as others but her quality will suffer due to evaluation apprehension.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

7-16
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

47. In a study by Sweeney (1973), students pumped exercise bicycles more energetically
when they
A. were part of a five-person team.
B. were part of a three-person team.
C. were part of a two-person team.
D. knew they were pulling alone.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

48. Giving one-hundred-and-ten percent is to they'll pick up the slack as ____________ is to


_____________.
A. "be all that you can be"; "I knew it all along"
B. arousal; distraction
C. inhibition; distraction
D. social facilitation; social loafing

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

49. Social loafing would be most likely to occur in


A. students working on a group project for which they will all receive the same grade.
B. factory workers who are each paid according to how many lamps they assemble.
C. a group of golfers competing for first place in a tournament.
D. political candidates who hope to win a seat on the city council.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

7-17
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

50. People who benefit from the group but give little in return are referred to as
A. social facilitators.
B. free-riders.
C. groupthinkers.
D. social leaders.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

51. If a teacher does not want social loafing to influence his students' group projects, how
might he choose to evaluate the projects?
A. By grading the group component as well as each student's individual component
B. By not allowing the students to give each other individual grades
C. By giving a common grade to all members of the group
D. By making all group members accountable, rather than individual members.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

52. When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is
__________ and the probability of social loafing is __________.
A. high; low
B. low; high
C. high; high
D. low; low

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

7-18
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

53. Buck works in a meat packing plant. Normally, the output of each individual on the
assembly line is collectively evaluated. However, the plant managers are looking at
effectiveness and productivity and decide to identify each individual worker's output. When
being evaluated on an individual basis, Buck's productivity is likely to
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. stay the same.
D. be the same as that of the other assembly-line workers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

54. Making group members' performance individually identifiable seems to be one effective
strategy for reducing
A. social facilitation.
B. social loafing.
C. minority influence.
D. group polarization.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

55. Social loafing would be least likely to occur


A. in a boys' club trying to raise money by holding a Saturday car wash.
B. in a relay race in which each team member's performance is timed.
C. in a community garden where each family is expected to contribute whatever free time
they have.
D. in a work crew building a new highway.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

7-19
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

56. When being observed __________ evaluation concerns, social facilitation occurs; when
being lost in a crowd __________ evaluation concerns, social loafing occurs.
A. increases; decreases
B. decreases; increases
C. increases; increases
D. decreases; decreases

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

57. For simple tasks, ______________ occurs when observation increases evaluation
apprehension, whereas ______________ occurs when the pooling of effort lowers evaluation
apprehension.
A. social facilitation; social loafing
B. social loafing; group polarization
C. deindividuation; social loafing
D. social loafing; deindividuation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-07 Many Hands Make Light Work

58. People in groups will loaf when


A. the task is challenging.
B. the task is important and involving.
C. the group is cohesive.
D. they are lost in a crowd.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-08 Social Loafing in Everyday Life

7-20
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

59. When a group believes that if it works hard, its efforts will potentially be rewarded,
A. its members will work hard.
B. its members will be more relaxed and easy going.
C. it does not affect the members' efforts.
D. the members will ask for more time to accomplish the task successfully.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-08 Social Loafing in Everyday Life

60. You have been assigned two group projects in different classes. For your sociology
project, you are in a group with three other classmates that you don't know very well. For
your psychology project, the professor lets you choose your own group so that you are going
to be working with your friends. Which group project will be associated with less social
loafing?
A. Sociology project
B. Psychology project
C. Both projects will involve people slacking off
D. Both projects will have lower levels of loafing due to the accountability of the group

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Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-08 Social Loafing in Everyday Life

61. People in groups loaf less when


A. all group members have comparable levels of self-esteem.
B. the group is made up of a small number of friends.
C. they work on a simple task with strangers.
D. the task is aversive.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-08 Social Loafing in Everyday Life

7-21
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

62. It is likely that people will feel their group contributions are indispensable when
A. working with a small group of people that are equally competent.
B. all members are working collectively and without individual accountability.
C. the rest of the group is not as smart and needs help in getting an acceptable grade.
D. other group members are slacking off and someone has to get the work done.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-08 Social Loafing in Everyday Life

63. When arousal and diffused responsibility combine and normal inhibitions diminish, this
may result in which of the following behaviours?
A. increasing of restraint
B. conscious and deliberate self-gratification
C. destructive social explosions
D. prosocial behaviour

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

64. Which of the following is most likely to occur under conditions of deindividuation?
A. police cooperation
B. respect for a referee during a Stanley Cup game
C. stealing
D. group cooperation among members

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-22
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

65. According to the text, what group process may have contributed to the killing of two
Somali boys by Airborne officers in 1993?
A. social facilitation
B. the free-rider effect
C. deindividuation
D. social loafing

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

66. "It was such an exciting game," your friend insists. "We were all shouting and clapping
together, everyone was in sync. When our team won, I realized I was jumping up and down,
screaming, right along with everyone else. I don't know what got into me!" Your friend's
reactions best illustrate the process of
A. social facilitation.
B. risky shift.
C. deindividuation.
D. groupthink.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

67. Research on deindividuation suggests that if concert organizers want to limit "mob
behaviour" by fans, they should
A. choose large stadiums for the concert.
B. arrange for the concert venue to be dimly-lit.
C. do not give fans nametags to wear.
D. be able to identify each person in the audience.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-23
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

68. People are more likely to bait a person to jump off a bridge when it is dark and
A. the crowd is small.
B. the crowd is large.
C. the crowd is made up of people with authoritarian personalities.
D. the crowd is frustrated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

69. A loss of both self-awareness and evaluation apprehension can lead to


A. social facilitation.
B. powerful minority influence effects.
C. co-actor effects.
D. deindividuation.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

70. Riots and violence that have been known to accompany championship sports games (both
wins and losses) provide an example of how being in a crowd can lead to
_____________________.
A. deindividuation.
B. social loafing.
C. groupthink.
D. group polarization.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-24
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

71. Which of the following circumstances inhibits people from becoming deindividuated?
A. They are immersed in a large group.
B. They are physically anonymous.
C. They are involved in arousing, distracting activities.
D. They have personal goals.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

72. According to research by Mann (1981), when the crowd was _____________ and exposed
by daylight, people _____________ try to bait a suicidal individual.
A. large; did
B. large; did not
C. small; did
D. small; did not

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

73. Based on research cited in the text, who is most likely to honk aggressively at someone
stopped at a green light?
A. The male driver of a sport utility vehicle
B. The male driver of a convertible
C. The female drive of a convertible
D. Any driver of a car with the top up

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-25
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

74. Zimbardo reported that women who were masked and hooded in KKK-style (Ku Klux
Klan) hoods and robes tended to ___________________ than women who were visible and
wore name tags.
A. administer longer shocks to a victim
B. engage in greater social loafing
C. make riskier decisions
D. make more contact and reveal more personal information

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

75. On Halloween night, Diener and colleagues conducted a study of trick-or-treat theft.
Given a chance to steal candy, the children who were __________ were most likely to
commit transgressions.
A. anonymous and alone
B. anonymous and in a group
C. frustrated and alone
D. frustrated and in a group

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

76. According to the text, one contributing factor to the Canadian Airborne officers'
participation in killing the Somali boys may have been that
A. The officers were distracted by their separation from their families
B. The officers' wearing similar uniforms allowed them to feel anonymous
C. The officers felt an overwhelming sense of responsibility
D. The offence took place in the dark

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-26
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

77. In one study, women who donned white nurses' uniforms and were made anonymous
became __________ than when their names and personal identities were emphasized.
A. less sympathetic to patients' needs
B. more sympathetic to patients' needs
C. less aggressive in administering shock
D. more aggressive in administering shock

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

78. Compared to self-aware people, deindividuated people are


A. less responsive to the situation.
B. less likely to act without thinking about their own values.
C. less self-regulated.
D. more restrained.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

79. In which of the following groups is deindividuation least likely to occur?


A. In a jury where a guilty verdict requires unanimous agreement
B. At a Ku Klux Klan rally where new members are being inducted
C. In a high school pep rally attended by almost all students
D. In the audience at a Canada Day parade

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-10 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

7-27
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

80. Which of the following pairs are most clearly opposites?


A. group polarization and group consensus
B. groupthink and the accentuation phenomenon
C. minority influence and leadership
D. deindividuation and self-awareness

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-11 Diminished Self-Awareness

81. People who are made self-aware—by acting in front of a mirror or TV camera, for
example—have been found to
A. exhibit increased self-confidence.
B. behave more consistently with their attitudes.
C. be less thoughtful in analyzing complex social issues.
D. be more vulnerable to persuasive appeals that run counter to social norms.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-11 Diminished Self-Awareness

82. A social psychology professor who is trying to diminish the incidence of cheating
behaviour during exams would be most successful if she
A. wore a large name tag while monitoring the exam.
B. alerted her students before the exam that they were being videotaped.
C. gave the students a stern lecture before the exam on the consequences of cheating.
D. had strict timing for writing the exam.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-11 Diminished Self-Awareness

7-28
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

83. In recognizing the dangers of becoming deindividuated, a parent's parting advice to a


teenager setting off for a party may well be, "Have fun, and ________."
A. remember who you are
B. stay with the group
C. remember, you are only young once
D. don't worry about being popular

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-11 Diminished Self-Awareness

84. Research on group polarization began with the erroneous conclusion that group decision
leads to
A. a risky shift.
B. groupthink.
C. pluralistic ignorance.
D. group moderation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-13 The Case of the "Risky Shift"

85. Group polarization occurs when group discussion _________ group members' initial
inclinations.
A. challenges
B. reverses
C. neutralizes
D. strengthens

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-12 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?

7-29
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

86. The term "risky shift" was used to refer to the finding of
A. groups being riskier than individuals.
B. individuals being riskier than groups.
C. males being riskier than females.
D. people becoming less risky as they grow older.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-13 The Case of the "Risky Shift"

87. Individuals who believe that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized meet to discuss
the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be
A. more likely to question the wisdom of legalizing physician-assisted suicide.
B. even more convinced that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized.
C. sharply divided over whether physician-assisted suicide should be legalized.
D. opposed to the legalization of physician-assisted suicide.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

88. Your family is considering buying a new family car. Although it will be expensive, you
really want the new car. Your parents like the idea, but they have doubts about the cost. What
might you do to strengthen their attitudes toward buying a new car?
A. Suggest holding a family discussion
B. Present strong counterarguments
C. Try to convince each of your parents separately
D. Let your parents make the decision

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

7-30
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

89. The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own
suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring
A. social facilitation.
B. group think.
C. minority influence.
D. group polarization.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

90. Investigations of the risky shift eventually led to the conclusion that the group
phenomenon was really a tendency for group discussion to
A. reverse the group's original leanings.
B. accentuate group members' initial leanings.
C. arouse and distract members so their self-awareness is reduced.
D. favour illusory thinking in supporting the group's leader.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

91. Which of the following describes the accentuation phenomenon?


A. Initial differences among student groups become less marked over time in university as a
result of exposure to new information.
B. Initial differences among student groups become sharper and greater with more time in
university.
C. Discussions with like-minded others stimulate creative thought and reduce the extremism
of opinions.
D. The benefits of group membership become more apparent the longer one is part of the
group.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

7-31
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

92. Which of the following is an example of group polarization in one's community?


A. Gang delinquency
B. Cheering wildly at a football game
C. An isolated, troubled teenager shooting his classmates
D. A neighbour who recently moved out

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

93. In a neighbourhood dispute over a new zoning law, some of your neighbours think the
change will be positive, but others are against it. After discussing the issue with your next-
door neighbours, you feel much more strongly against the law than you did before. This can
best be explained by
A. propinquity.
B. group polarization.
C. deindividuation.
D. pluralistic ignorance.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

94. John favours the death penalty. In discussing this issue with some like-minded classmates,
he hears arguments for this position that he'd never considered before. After discussion, his
opinion is more extreme. In this example, this outcome is best explained by
A. informational influence processes.
B. normative influence processes.
C. reactance theory.
D. social comparison theory.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

7-32
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

95. The phenomenon whereby initial differences among student groups become sharper and
greater with more time in university is known as
A. groupthink.
B. restriction of range.
C. accentuation phenomenon.
D. social facilitation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

96. A gang is __________ dangerous __________ the sum of its individual parts.
A. as; as
B. more; than
C. less; than
D. sometimes less and sometimes more; than

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

97. Email, search engines, and chat rooms make it easier for groups
A. to rally like-minded people, crystallize diffuse hatreds, and mobilize lethal force.
B. to communicate and express both like-and different-minded views.
C. to avoid the "risky shift" through discussion while not feeling singled out for views.
D. to communicate while maintaining a sense of self-awareness.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

7-33
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

98. What underlying processes help to explain the occurrence of group polarization?
A. Informational influence and normative influence
B. Minority influence and social facilitation
C. Psychological reactance and deindividuation
D. Social comparison and self-censorship

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

99. Evaluating one's opinion and abilities by comparing oneself to others is called
A. social influence.
B. informational influence.
C. social comparison.
D. the accentuation phenomenon.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

100. According to Festinger, it is human nature to want to evaluate our opinions by


A. comparing ourselves with others.
B. designing everyday tests of their validity.
C. engaging in frequent introspection.
D. actively studying the results of scientific research.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

7-34
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

101. Keisha, who usually votes for the NDP (New Democratic Party), is approached by a co-
worker who tells her that he wants to talk to her about the upcoming election. Thinking that
her co-worker may be campaigning for the Alliance Party, Keisha prepares to
A. offer a weak statement of support for the NDP.
B. consider the merits of the Alliance Party.
C. offer a strong statement of support for the NDP.
D. discuss the merits and weaknesses of both political parties.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

102. Pluralistic ignorance is


A. a correct impression of how other people are thinking.
B. a correct impression of how people respond.
C. a correct impression of how people feel.
D. can make it difficult for people to start up relationships.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

103. Research by Vorauer and Ratner (1996) demonstrated that people wanting to begin a
relationship often wait for a positive cue from the other person. Because of ___________,
sometimes this cue never comes and a relationship is not formed.
A. social desirability
B. impression management
C. informational social influence
D. pluralistic ignorance

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

7-35
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

104. Failing to ask questions in class because you assume everyone else understands best
exemplifies
A. groupthink.
B. pluralistic ignorance.
C. social loafing.
D. self-handicapping.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

105. Research on the underlying processes producing group polarization indicates that
persuasive arguments predominate on issues having a(n) _________ basis and social
comparison predominates on issues having a _________ basis.
A. emotional; factual
B. personal; social
C. factual; value-laden
D. economic; psychological

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

106. Norman Triplett is to ________________ as Irving Janis is to __________________.


A. social facilitation; social loafing
B. deindividuation; group polarization
C. groupthink; social loafing
D. social facilitation; groupthink

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-16 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?

7-36
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

107. According to Janis, the tragedy on the Titanic was likely the result of
A. persuasion.
B. conformity.
C. groupthink.
D. obedience.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-16 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?

108. Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?


A. an illusion of invulnerability.
B. unquestioned beliefs in the group's morality.
C. rationalization.
D. closure.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

109. Closed-mindedness is most clearly fostered by which of the following symptoms of


groupthink?
A. rationalization
B. unquestioned belief in the group's morality
C. an illusion of unanimity
D. conformity pressure

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

7-37
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

110. Groupthink can be defined as


A. a tendency to suppress dissent in the interests of group harmony.
B. a tendency to sacrifice group cohesiveness in favour of task orientation and problem focus.
C. enhancement of problem-solving capacity as a result of several persons joining together to
work on the same problem.
D. reduced self-awareness as a result of group immersion and social anonymity.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-16 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?

111. According to your text, Captain Smith of the Titanic believed that "God himself could
not sink this ship." Which symptom of groupthink is most indicative of his belief?
A. illusion of invulnerability
B. rationalization
C. conformity pressure
D. mindguards

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

112. According to the text, groupthink symptoms can be viewed as


A. most likely to emerge in collectivistic cultures.
B. a collective form of moral failure.
C. a collective form of dissonance reduction.
D. a collective form of informational influence.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

7-38
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

113. The symptoms of groupthink illustrate which of the following social psychological
processes?
A. vulnerability
B. self-censorship
C. nonconformity
D. strong unanimity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

114. Pressures toward uniformity are most clearly reflected in which of the following
symptoms of groupthink?
A. an illusion of invulnerability
B. a stereotyped view of the opponent
C. self-censorship
D. rationalization

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

115. Mindguards protect group leaders from


A. unfair criticism.
B. disagreeable facts.
C. susceptibility to illusions.
D. stereotyped views of the opponents.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

7-39
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

116. Janet is a very directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus. When
discussing important policy decisions, the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is
also
A. isolated from dissenting viewpoints.
B. composed of majority and minority students.
C. composed of only minority students.
D. prone to pluralistic ignorance.

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-17 Symptoms of Groupthink

117. Which of the following is not a prescriptive strategy to prevent groupthink from
developing?
A. One or more members should be assigned the position of devil's advocate.
B. Group members should be kept together as one unit and not divided into separate
discussion subgroups.
C. Outsiders should attend the meetings and challenge the group's views.
D. After reaching a preliminary decision, the group should call a second-chance meeting and
ask each member to express remaining doubts.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-18 Critiquing Groupthink

7-40
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

118. Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by
groupthink?
A. "We have been in agreement on matters in the past and I hope that will continue."
B. "Joe, why don't you play devil's advocate and challenge the course of action most of us
seem to prefer?"
C. "I think we need some outsiders to come in and critique our decision before we proceed."
D. "We have made some stupid mistakes in the past. Let's work carefully and not make the
same errors again."

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-18 Critiquing Groupthink

119. According to the text, faulty ___________ have been linked with disasters such as airline
crashes.
A. group dynamics
B. group influences
C. group communication skills
D. instructions from group leaders

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-19 Preventing Groupthink

120. Research on brainstorming reveals that people working ______________ will generate
______________ good ideas.
A. alone; fewer
B. alone; more
C. in large groups; more
D. in small group; more

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-20 Group Problem-Solving

7-41
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

121. Janis's (1982) recommendations for preventing groupthink includes which of the
following:
A. Be partial towards members of your group.
B. Welcome critiques from in-group experts and associates.
C. Occasionally subdivide the group, and then reunite to air differences.
D. Do not assign a "devil's advocate".

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-19 Preventing Groupthink

122. Face-to-face brainstorming generates


A. more creative ideas than do the same people working alone.
B. less creative ideas than do the same people working alone.
C. group productivity.
D. group cohesiveness.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-19 Preventing Groupthink

123. According to Brown and Paulus (2002), which of the following does NOT enhance
brainstorming?
A. Combining group and solitary brainstorming.
B. Having group members interact by writing.
C. Incorporating electronic brainstorming.
D. Working in large work teams.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-19 Preventing Groupthink

7-42
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

124. Tom, a successful foreman in a large furniture factory, emphasizes the attainment of
production goals and sets high standards for the workers under him. Tom's style is an example
of ________________ leadership.
A. normative
B. task
C. autocratic
D. social

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-22 Task Leadership and Social Leadership

125. Tina is excellent at organizing her employees, setting goals, and focusing on achieving
those goals for the company. Tina excels in
A. social leadership.
B. laissez faire leadership.
C. task leadership.
D. masculine leadership.

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Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-22 Task Leadership and Social Leadership

126. Jan is a highly effective leader who excels in delegating authority, motivating those
under her authority, and providing support. Jan excels in
A. social leadership.
B. laissez faire leadership.
C. task leadership.
D. feminine leadership.

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Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-22 Task Leadership and Social Leadership

7-43
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

127. Task leadership is to a __________ style as social leadership is to a __________ style.


A. democratic; directive
B. directive; democratic
C. feminine; masculine
D. collectivistic; individualistic

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-22 Task Leadership and Social Leadership

128. ______________ leaders focus on getting to know their subordinates and listening
carefully, while maintaining high expectations of how subordinates will perform.
A. Task
B. Target-oriented
C. Transactional
D. Transformational

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-23 Transactional Leadership

129. Effective, charismatic leaders typically have


A. An unclear vision of some desired state of affairs.
B. an ability to communicate goals in complex and technical language.
C. enough optimism and faith in the group to inspire members to follow them.
D. skepticism to prevent overconfidence.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-24 Transformational Leadership

7-44
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

130. Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they
A. make use of two-sided rather than one-sided appeals.
B. unswervingly stick to their position.
C. argue positions that are greatly discrepant from the majority position.
D. show respect for the majority position.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-26 Consistency

131. Minority influence is most likely to have an impact through


A. central route persuasion.
B. peripheral route persuasion.
C. normative influence processes.
D. the foot-in-the-door principle.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-26 Consistency

132. A minority's following the majority usually reflects __________ and a majority's
following a minority usually reflects __________.
A. public compliance; genuine acceptance
B. genuine acceptance; public compliance
C. public compliance; public compliance
D. genuine acceptance; genuine acceptance

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-28 Defections from the Majority

7-45
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

133. According to your text, a minority group of one


A. often has a huge impact.
B. has no chance of influencing a majority.
C. is usually well-respected.
D. often becomes a "great person" leader.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-28 Defections from the Majority

134. Which of the following is not a determinant of minority influence?


A. defections from the majority
B. self-confidence
C. consistency
D. open-mindedness

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-25 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?

135. Which of the following explains why novice drivers more often fail driving tests when
tested with another to-be-tested person in the car rather than alone?
A. deindividuation
B. group polarization
C. social arousal
D. social loafing

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-03 The Mere Presence of Others

7-46
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

136. Which of the following is NOT true regarding group polarization in terrorist
organizations?
A. Terrorism arises among people whose shared grievances bring them together.
B. Terrorists become progressively more extreme.
C. The violent acts would never be committed apart from the group.
D. Terrorism erupts suddenly.

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-14 Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions

137. __________ leaders motivate others to identify with and commit themselves to the
group's mission by inspiring people to share their vision.
A. Task
B. Social
C. Transactional
D. Transformational

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-24 Transformational Leadership

138. Which of the following is NOT a quality that a transformational leader would have?
A. charisma
B. energy
C. self confidence
D. high expectations

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-24 Transformational Leadership

7-47
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

139. In context of determining social arousal in the presence of a crowd, when they sit close
together, friendly people are __________, and unfriendly people are __________.
A. liked more; liked more
B. disliked more; disliked more
C. liked more; disliked more
D. disliked more; liked more

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-04 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others

140. The management of the Walkerton, Ontario water crisis in May 2000 shows many
symptoms of which of the following?
A. group polarization
B. groupthink
C. social loafing
D. social facilitation

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-16 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?

True / False Questions

141. Students working individually in a computer room are considered a group.


FALSE

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What Is a Group?
Topic: 07-01 What Is a Group?

7-48
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

142. The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a
common goal than when they are individually accountable is known as social loafing.
TRUE

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-06 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?

143. Deindividuated people have high self-awareness.


FALSE

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-09 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?

144. Susan, working in a group with nine other people, found it hard to focus on
brainstorming different ideas for the group's project. She had a great idea to share with the
group but lost it while awaiting a turn to speak. This is an example of production blocking.
TRUE

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Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-20 Group Problem-Solving

145. The tendency for people with minority views to express them less quickly than people in
the majority is known as minority slowness effect.
TRUE

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Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-26 Consistency

7-49
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

146. Social loafing increases as the size of the group increases.


TRUE

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-06 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?

147. A false impression of how other people are thinking, feeling, or responding is known as
pluralistic ignorance.
TRUE

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Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-15 Explaining Polarization

Short Answer Questions

148. Explain the original and current meanings of the social facilitation effect and the role of
arousal in performance. How does this relate to crowding?

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?

7-50
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

149. Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Learning Objective: 07-03 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Topic: 07-02 Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
Topic: 07-06 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?

150. What are the three main circumstances that elicit deindividuation? Identify and discuss
each.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Evaluate
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-09 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?

151. "Self-awareness is the opposite of deindividuation." Explain.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-04 Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Topic: 07-11 Diminished Self-Awareness

7-51
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

152. Describe how normative and informational influence processes help us understand group
polarization.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-05 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
Topic: 07-12 Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?

153. Describe how the symptoms of groupthink illustrate self-justification, self-serving bias,
and conformity.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-06 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
Topic: 07-16 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?

154. Distinguish between task, social, transactional, and transformational leadership styles.
Provide an example of each to clarify.

Answers will vary.

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Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-07 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
Topic: 07-21 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?

7-52
Chapter 07 - Group Influence

155. Explain good leadership in terms of what you've learned about minority influence.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-21 Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?

156. Explain why minority influence often leads to genuine acceptance rather than simply
public compliance.

Answers will vary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation


Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 07-08 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Topic: 07-25 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?

7-53
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Ezzel Mariska kisasszonyt karonfogta és vitte magával előre,
Webston pedig mintegy védelmet keresve csatlakozott Éva mellé,
úgy követték az előttük haladó párt.
– Be örülök – mondta tört németséggel – hogy láthatom. Önt,
kisasszony, nagyrabecsülöm és akárhányszor mondtam Mariskának,
hogy vegyen példát önről s viselje magát úgy, mint ön.
– Higyje el, Webston úr, az egész csak temperamentum dolga.
– Éva kisasszony – szólt most Webston úr kitörő nyugtalansággal
– ön iránt olyan határtalan bizalmam van, kérdeznék valamit. Fog-e
őszintén felelni?
– Mit?
– Igérje meg, hogy őszintén fog felelni.
– Mire való ez? Ha bizalma van hozzám, akkor ne kívánjon ilyen
igéretet.
– Igaza van. Lássa kisasszony, nem tagadom, őrülten szeretem
Mariskát. Holnap Helgolandba utazunk, ott meg fogunk esküdni.
Családom nem tud róla semmit s ha megtudnák, hogy szinésznőt
vettem el ebben az idegen országban, kitagadnának és szegény
édes anyámnak megszakadna a szíve. De az mind nem tart vissza.
Öntől kérdezem: Megérdemli-e a Mariska, hogy feleségül vegyem?
Ha ön azt mondja igen, akkor boldog leszek, ha azt mondja nem,
elhagyom, ha belehalok is.
Éva kezdte magát kényelmetlenül érezni.
– Kedves Webston úr, ön sokat kíván tőlem. Azt akarja, hogy én
legyek felelős az ön életeért.
Webston úrból most teljes mértékben kitört a keserűség.
– Ha lelkembe látna, nem adna ily kitérő választ. Megsajnálna és
segítségemre lenne. Szeretem azt a leányt és tele vagyok gyanuval
és féltékenységgel. Minden, amit róla tudok és rajta látok, gyanut
ébreszt. Ahogy vele beszélnek, ahogy ő beszél másokkal, a hely,
ahol megismerkedtem vele, a mód, amelyen él, mind világosan
mutatja, hogy nem tisztességes leány. De ezzel szemben egy
bizonyságom van, az, hogy velem szemben mindig tisztességes volt
s aki velem látja őt, úgy mint én látom másokkal, ugyancsak a
legrosszabbat tenné föl róla, pedig nem történt közöttünk semmi. S
valahányszor erőt vesz rajtam a kétség, mindig azt kérdezem
magamtól: hát mi oka volna, hogy éppen velem tegyen kivételt? Én
is adtam neki pénzt, én is vagyok olyan férfi, mint más, hát miért
tartózkodnék éppen tőlem, ha nem tartózkodik másoktól? Hát
mondja, kisasszony, igazam van-e, vagy sem?
– Igaza van – mondta Éva halkan. Hadd értse ez a szegény
ember, hogy az okoskodásnak ad-e igazat, vagy annak, amire
tényleg értette, a kérdés alaposságának. S elszörnyüködött
magában: lehetséges? A férfiak ilyen együgyüek volnának? Nem
látják, ha játszanak velök, ha kihasználják a vakságukat! Nagyon
sajnálta ezt a szegény embert és nagyon megvetette.
– Köszönöm, kisasszony – folytatta Webston melegen – ez az
egy szava is jólesett, mert önnek hiszek. Ha Mariska olyan volna,
mint ön én volnék a világ legboldogabb embere.
Majd, mint az ittas embereken, kiáradt belőle az őszinteség és
elfogta az a fájó kéjelgés, mit a lélek legtitkosabb rejtelmeinek a
feltárása okoz.
– Lássa, kedves kisasszony, mielőtt Budapestre jöttem, igen
jóravaló, szolid fiatalember voltam. Jó családból való vagyok,
munkára és mértékletességre neveltek. Most a züllés szélén állok.
Nem titkolom. Mariskától függ a további sorsom. Ha jóravaló,
tisztességes asszonyt kapok benne, meg leszek mentve, ha nem,
menthetetlenül elpusztulok. Ide jöttem ebbe a fiatal kis városba,
összeköttetés nélkül, a nyelvüket sem ismerve. Azt gondoltam, majd
csak teszek szert összeköttetésekre, családi ismeretségre. De az
üzletem nem olyan természetű, hogy állandó összeköttetéseket
létesíthetne. Aki egy írógépet megvesz, az odébb áll, míg egy
másodikra nincs szüksége. És az emberek itt olyan különös
zárkózottak, oly nehéz, szinte lehetetlen valakinek a lakásába jutni, a
családjával érintkezni. Törökországról hittem csak, hogy ott
választják el ennyire a családi életet a társas élettől. De ott az
asszonyokat is zár alatt tartják, itt pedig a nők mindenütt ott vannak
és azt tapasztaltam, hogy az idevaló embereknek sok olyan
asszonyismerőse van, akinek az urát sohasem látta. Most nincsenek
ilyen megfigyeléseim, mert egészen eltompultam már, de amikor
idejöttem, egészséges volt a szívem és az eszem egyaránt. Hát mit
csináljon egy olyan magamfajta fiatalember, egészen árván,
társaság és barátság nélkül? Vagy elzárkózik a hónapos szobájába,
vagy keresi azoknak a társaságát, akikhez könnyen juthat. Ó,
kisasszony, higyje el, ez a Budapest rettentő város az idegenre. A
külföldi ember itt menthetetlenül elpusztúl, tönkre teszi az éjjeli élet,
meg az utcai ismeretség.
Éva csak hallgatta és bólogatott a fejével. Mélységesen sajnálta
ezt az embert, aki annyira tisztában van magával és mégis
belemegy a vesztébe. Visszatartsa-e? Lehetetlen. Nincs joga hozzá,
aztán meg fölösleges volna. Látta, hogy Webston úrnak nem tudásra
van szüksége, hanem ellentálló erőre. Ezt pedig nem adhat neki.
– Ne bánkódjék – szólt bátorító hangon – ön még elég fiatal és
mint látom, okos ember is ahhoz, hogy az életét úgy intézze, ahogy
jónak látja.
Webston úr a fejét csóválta és szomoruan mondta:
– Balsejtelmeim vannak, nem tudok megnyugodni. Édes
kisasszony, mért nem szerettem bele magába?
2.

Húsz évvel ezelőtt sokat mulattak a társaságban, hogy Kömleyék


(somogyfalusi és albányai báró Kömley Simon) a várban vásároltak
palotát. Kömley úr ugyanis csak egyszerű nemes ember volt, a
felesége azonban régi erdélyi családból való s ki tudta mutatni, hogy
ősei Bocskaytól grófi koronát kaptak, mely azonban a török
veszedelem idejében valahogyan elkallódott. A gyönyörű szép
asszonyban egyre motoszkált a becsvágy és nem nyugodott addig,
amíg az urának ki nem járta a báróságot – az ország közigazgatása
körül szerzett érdemei fejében. A magyar közigazgatás ugyan ma
sincs rendezve, de a Kömley úr bárósága már húszéves. A
becsvágyó báróné pedig a várba vonult, részben azért, hogy ott
várja meg, míg bárósága egy kis patinát kap, részben pedig azért,
hogy az ősi kerületben, egy tönkrement mágnás ősi fészkében az
arisztokratánál is arisztokratább milieuben lakozzék.
Mivel pedig a Kömley-palota a várban volt, ennélfogva a
Deméndy-palotának is ott kell lenni. A fehérvári kapu mentén
elhuzódó bástyára támaszkodott a palota, mely ezelőtt egy sváb
korcsmárosé volt, aki kocsija, lova számára istállót is tartott.
Egyemeletes ház volt, az utcai frontja csak tíz ablak, mely
testvériesen oszlott szét öt szoba között. A hátulsó traktusa azonban
szintoly nagy volt s ablakai a bástya fölött a hegyes-halmos szép
budai vidékre néztek.
Itt volt a fészek is. A szélső sarokban, tapétaajtóval zárt
egyablakos kis fülke, melynek butorzata első pillantásra csupa
pálmából állt. Óriási páfrányok, keskeny levelű Phönix-pálmák,
kemény, lovaskard formájú szakaszok minden zugban, minden szék
fölött. Ha az embernek éles szeme van, egy szinte játékszeresen
kicsi zongorát is fedezhet föl, de a pálma-milieuből győzelmesen vált
ki az egyetlen ablak előtt merengő óriási, olasz renaissance-os
ébenfa-hintaszék.
Ez a fészek. A cselédségnek, mint a mesében meg van hagyva:
mind a tizenkét szobát naponta szépen ki kell takarítani, de aki a
tizenharmadikba lép be, az halálnak halálával hal meg.
Mert ez a fészek. A kicsi asszony, aki semmivel sem törődik, a
fészket maga takarítja. Szőke kis fejére selyemkendőt köt, kicsi,
vékony derekára fehér szobaleány-kötényt, kinyitja a kicsi szárnyas
ablakot és jár seprővel, törlőronggyal kezében a kis szobában és
míg irtja a port és kicsi gyerekkezével cirógatja a hintaszék zord
fekete sárkányfejeit, csengő dalocskája messzire kihangzik az
ébredő budai hegyekbe, ahol a szerteszórt apró fehér és piros házak
kiváncsian hallgatódznak: ugyan miféle madár szól?
Ezuttal szinte röpül a fészekbe. Magával vonta az urát, aki
szeretett volna még egy cigarettát elszíni, félre lökte a komornikot,
aki tálcán leveleket akart átnyujtani.
– De édes, talán fontos is van közöttük.
– Nincs, nincs, tudom, hogy nincs.
– Talán átöltözködnél előbb?
– Nem vagyok befűzve, nem kell.
S mint zsákmányát, vonta maga után a kis asszony a nagy szál
embert, aki kelletlenül fölhuzta szemöldökeit s szabadon maradt
kezével idegesen csettintett. Végig a kis sárga szalonon, a billiárd-
szobán, az ebédlőn, a dohányzón, keresztül a hátulsó front két kicsi
fogadószobáján, meg a nagy zongoratermen, félretolta a falról lelógó
óriási bokharát, mely alá nagy furfangosan rejtőzött a fészek tapéta-
ajtója – aki nem tudta, sohasem sejti meg, hogy ott a nagy fali kárpit
mögött nyílik még egy szobácska.
Ott aztán belekényszeríti urát a fekete karosszékbe s egy
szökéssel az ölében térdel.
– Itt vagyunk, itt vagyunk, úgy-e örülsz, édes uram, hogy végre
egyedül vagy a te aranyos feleségeddel!
– Hogyne, hogyne – mondja ez és lagymatagon átfogja a kis
derekat, tűri a rátapadó, pici vérszegény ajkat.
– Édes uram, nagy uram, hatalmas uram, jaj be örülök, hogy én
vagyok a feleséged.
– Kis bohó – mondja Deméndy és lehunyja a szemét.
– Te is örülsz, hogy én vagyok a feleséged?
– Hogyne, hogyne!
Az asszonyka elpityeredik.
– Hogy mondod ezt. Hogyne, hogyne, bizony a képviselőházban
sokkal bőbeszédűbb voltál.
– Hja, édes, mert az politika.
– Ez meg szerelem – pattog az asszonyka s öklével nagyot üt az
ura vállára. – Hát mondd meg nekem, mi jelent többet: a szerelem
vagy a politika?
– Természetesen a szerelem.
Az asszonyka ismét kacag.
– Jaj, de furcsán mondod ezt. A történelmi professzornak volt
mindig a szavajárása a természetesen. A törökök átmentek a Dunán
és természetesen megverték a németet. Hunyady Mátyás
természetesen nőül vette Beatricét. Mondd, örülsz, hogy engem
szeretsz?
– Nagyon örülök.
– És nagyon szeretsz?
– Nagyon.
– Mondj valami nagyobbat.
– Végtelenül szeretlek.
– Akkor repüljünk.
Odagubbaszkodott az ura ölébe, mélyen összehuzódzkodva és
megindult a hintaszék és a kicsi asszony behunyta a szemét és
tündérországban érezte magát. Deméndy is behunyta a szemét és
azt gondolta: be jó volna cigarettára gyujtani.
A nagy repülés közben újabb gondolatok kergetődztek az
asszonyka agyában. Mikor a hintaszék megállott, fölveti nagy kék
tekintetét és elmerengve mondja:
– Jó volna, ha sohasem kellene kimozdulni a fészkünkből.
– Bizony, édes, de nem lehet.
– Igen, – szólt durcásan – mert mindig dolgaid vannak és itthon is
egyre zaklatnak az emberek. Aztán mama sem hagy egyedül,
mindig ide jön és veszekszik a cselédséggel. Úgy sajnálom
szegényeket. Aztán engem is korhol és úgy vigyáz rám, mintha még
most is kis gyerek volnék. Pedig ugy-e bár, olyan asszony vagyok,
mint a többi, akinek a melle úgy előre dudorodik, hogy szinte
elgurul?
Ezen nevetni kell. Nevetnek is, az asszonyka úgy, hogy a könnye
is kicsillan, az ember úgy, mint a komédiások. Újabb csókroham után
az asszony tovább fecseg.
– Jaj, de furcsa voltál a képviselőházban. Odaálltál nagy
peckesen, kisodortad a bajuszodat és olyan komolyan beszéltél
bírókról, meg alispánokról, meg nem tudom miféle politikus
dolgokról, az ember azt hihette volna, hogy érdeklődöl az ilyesmik
iránt.
– Kell is édes, mert belügyi államtitkár vagyok.
Az asszony ravaszul pislog feléje.
– De nem lehet, mert az én uram vagy. Az pedig csak egy iránt
érdeklődik. Találd ki, hogy mi iránt.
Az államtitkár úr visszahunyorog és apathikusan azt mondja:
– A szerelem.
– Igen, de még jobban mondd.
– A feleségéhez való szerelme iránt.
– Úgy van, úgy van, helyes – kiált most, utánozva a képviselő
urak kiáltásait. Majd hirtelen elkomolyodik.
– A feleségéhez való szerelme iránt, mondd csak, édes, hát van,
nem a feleséghez való szerelem is?
Az államtitkár feszengeni kezd.
– Megzsibbadt a lábam, édes, egy kicsit hadd keljek fel.
Édes megint elborong. Különösen érzékeny lelke van, megérzi,
amit nem tud s szerelme, meg tudatlansága nagy elvakultsága
mellett is a lelkét egyre nyomja az ismeretlen Élet a maga millió
hazugságaival és miriádnyi bűneivel.
Szó nélkül leszáll ura öléből és odalép az ablakhoz. Deméndy
megsajnálja és melléje áll, átfogja derekát s most már lágy, meleg
hangon kérdi:
– Bánt valami, édes?
Szótlanul, szomorúan rázza a fejét.
– De látom, édes, hogy valami bánt. Nincs bizalmad az édes
uradhoz?
Most se szól, csak egy hirtelen fordulattal a mellére borul.
Deméndy fölnyalábolja a kis teremtést és visszaviszi a karosszékbe.
Egyszeribe kisüt a nap és a kis menyecske megint fecseg, mint a
madárka.
– Igen, – mondja – oly ritkán lehetünk a fészkünkben. Azelőtt
legalább magamban lehettem itthon és várhattam az édes uramat.
De aztán jött mama és összeszidott, hogy most is még olyan gyerek
vagyok. Képzeld csak, – szólt hangos kacagással, – mama
szememre vetette, hogy tökéletesen hozzád való vagyok, mert
nekem sincs semmi becsvágyam. Hát baj az, ha összeillünk?
– Persze, hogy éppenséggel nem baj.
– Igen, de mama mindenáron azt akarja, hogy miniszter légy és
szintén bárónak tegyenek meg, mint papuskát. Hát mire való ez?
Aztán a miniszternek még több dolga van, hallottam, mint
panaszkodnak a szegény asszonyaik, hogy nem is látják az urukat,
úgy belebújnak azok a hatalomba. Hát én nem engedem meg, hogy
te miniszter légy, különben sehogy se lehetnénk a fészekben.
Az államtitkár meghimbálja a széket és csak bólint a fejével. Az
asszonykának még valami furcsaság jut eszébe, ezen már igazán
nevetni kell.
– Igaz, képzeld csak, tegnap, mikor délben elébed jöttünk a
kocsival, mama azt is rámparancsolta, hogy ne engedjelek annyira a
szoknyámon ülni. Azt mondja, hogy pipogya ember az olyan, aki
folyton a felesége körül kuncsorog, azonfelül még beteggé teszi és
tönkreteszi a szépségét. Édes uram, olyan boldog voltam, mikor
mama azt mondta, hogy folyton rajtam lógsz, de mama nagyon okos
asszony, hanem ehhez igazán nem ért. Hát hogy volna lehetséges,
hogy te beteggé meg csúnyává tennél engem? Hiszen szeretsz!
Ez csak elég világos! Annál megdöbbentőbb azonban, ha a
szerelmes férfi kissé mohón kap a szón és azt mondja:
– Mamának némiképen igaza van.
– Hogyan?
– Hát úgy, édes, hogy a férfinak nem szabad mindig csak a
szerelemre gondolnia. Tudod, vannak egyéb dolgok is a világon, az
embernek hivatása, kötelessége van, ami mindenek előtt való.
– Úgy? – mondja hosszan, elgondolkodva – ezt sohasem
hallottam. Akkor minek tartod meg az állásodat?
Erre bajos felelni. Az államtitkár úr, aki mindenre talál kádenciát,
néma és zavarodott. Csakugyan, mihelyt akceptálta a tételt, hogy a
szerelem mindenekfelett való s mihelyt ő is helybenhagyta, mikor a
felesége panaszkodott, hogy oly keveset lehetnek együtt s az volna
a legnagyobb boldogság, ha soha se kellene egymást elhagyniok,
akkor mért nem hagyja ott állását, melyre nem szorult, hogy a nyert
időt a feleségével tölthesse?
– Hát te nem örülsz, amikor úgy éljeneznek és tapsolnak az
uradnak, mint ma?
– De igen – felel az asszonyka mély meggyőződéssel – hanem
elég ha egyszer egy hónapban történik. Hiszen neked elég ha kiállsz
és beszélsz. Mert te vagy a legokosabb ember a világon.
– Igen és a legokosabb ember a világon most is itt ül az ő
felesége mellett, holott a minisztériumban kellene lennie. Tudod-e,
édes, hogy az okos embernek nem szabad rossz tisztviselőnek
lenni?
– Se baj, édes uram, ennek ellenében te vagy a legszerelmesebb
férj.
– Ezzel nem érik be a minisztériumban.
A menyecske megint elszontyolodik.
– Min gondolkodol, édes?
– Azt gondoltam, ha én volnék a király, minden szerelmes embert
eltiltanék a hivataloskodástól. Mert a szerelmes ember a feleségeé,
egészen a feleségeé és csak az a kötelessége van, hogy a
feleségére gondoljon.
– Kis bohó, hiszen a hivatalban is rád gondolok.
– Igen – mondja rajongva, szorosan az urához tapadva – érzem,
hogy rám gondolsz, úgy mint én te reád. Hanem…
– Nos, mi az? Hanem?
– Hanem nem mindig lesz úgy. Majd ha öreg leszek és csunya,
akkor nem fogsz már úgy szeretni.
– Te, öreg és csunya? Mindig ilyen maradsz.
– Igen, édes, azt csak úgy mondod. Hanem tudom én, hogy nem
vagyok olyan, mint a többi. Kicsi vagyok és gyereknek tartanak,
aztán tudod-e mit gondoltam ma, mikor a képviselőházból
elmentünk?
– Mit?
– A kapuban láttam egy magas, erős leányt. Nem láttam az arcát,
mert elsietett, hanem olyan szép és nagy volt, hogy szinte féltem
tőle. Hát azt gondoltam, hogy szeretnék én is ilyen szép és magas
lenni, akkor tovább maradnék ifjú és szép és te is jobban tudnál
szeretni.
Az államtitkár úr megrázkódott. Kémlelve nézi a gyerek-asszony
vonásait, csakugyan nincs semmi célzás a szavában? Nincs, de ez
még jobban nyugtalanítja. Micsoda gúny vagy a sors iróniája, hogy a
feleség vágyódik a szerető termetére s maga mondja az urának: az
ízlésednek, a szerelmednek jobban felel meg az, mint magam. És
észrevette? Hiszen maga is ettől nyugtalan és ideges és azért
szeretne legalább néhány percig magára maradni, hogy rendbe
térítse lelkületét és kiölje magából a visszatérő vágyakat, magába
fojtsa a mult kísérteteit. Hiszen amíg erőltetetten enyeleg a
feleségével, szeme előtt még mindig az a jól ismert, sokszor átkarolt
fejedelmi termet lebegett, az a büszke, szép, fehér arc, a gőgösen
leszorított ajak, mely olyan lázasan tudott lihegni és még lázasabban
csókolni. Ah, kinos szenvedés az, mikor az ember feleségével az
ölében, kénytelen gondolni az elhagyott szeretőre!
Az asszony keze átsimítja homlokát.
– Mért komolyodtál úgy el?
Az ember idegesen elkapja a fejét.
– Hagyj, édes. Te mindig olyan lehetetlen dolgokat beszélsz. Hát
minek akarsz nagynak lenni, amikor kicsi vagy?
Deméndyné kibámul az ablakon, de nem a hegyes-völgyes szép
tájat látja ott, hanem a maga kicsi lelkének nagy, rejtelmes
problémáját. – Nem tudom – szól halkan, de mindig úgy érzem, hogy
én nyomorult kis teremtés vagyok, nincs jogom arra a nagy
boldogságra, s mégsem akarok nélküle élni.
– Bohó vagy, együgyű vagy – biztatja fanyar kedvvel az ura – hát
sohase kergethetem el ezeket az árnyképeket?
Az asszonyka szemébe köny lopódzik.
– Szeresd, szeresd nagyon ezt a buta feleségedet.
– Hiszen szeretem.
– Nem úgy, – mondja a fejét rázva, – hanem úgy, mintha nagy
beteg volnék, akinek mindig éreznie kell, hogy szeretik, mert ha csak
egy pillanatra nem érzi, akkor meghal.
A kapu aljából behallatszott az idegent jelentő harangszó.
Deméndy kapva kap rajta:
– Valaki jön, édes, – mondja, – el kell hagynunk a fészket.
És most melegebben csókolja meg és a fülébe súgja az igéző
szót:
– Nagyon szeretlek.
Deméndyné szeme fölragyog, édes, felhőtlen boldogság
tükröződik rajta vissza és Deméndy gondolja magában:
– Dehogy is halna meg, aki ugyanegy pillanatban tud sírni és
nevetni, nem hal bele a fájdalomba.
A minisztériumból küldtek át néhány aktát, ezeket kellene sietve
elintézni. Deméndy a kiszabadult rab boldogságos érzetével
telepedett meg dolgozó asztala mellett, majd hogy le nem ültette a
diurnistát, aki az aktákat hozta, cigarettára gyújtott és kéjjel, lassan
forgatta a lapokat, hogy csak minél tovább tartson az elfoglaltsága.
Negyedóra alatt mégis elvégezte, sóhajtva bocsátotta útnak a
diurnistát, majd megállt a szoba közepén és hallgatódzott kifelé: nem
jön-e a kínzó angyala?
Magában így nevezte a feleségét. Sokszor kérdezte magától, hát
igazán nem szereti-e? Akkor honnan e féltő gond, mellyel
környékezi, tehetetlensége e kicsi asszony akaratával szemben?
Avagy szereti? Akkor honnan az émelygős lehangoltság, mellyel
felesége szerelmét fogadja, a türelmetlen vágyakozás, hogy magára
maradhasson, hogy legalább ne legyen kénytelen vele együtt lenni?
A feleletet pedig mindenképpen abban találta, hogy ostobaság
volt megházasodni, még nagyobb ostobaság volt, hogy éppen
Kömley Olgát vette el.
Miért vette el? Az okoskodás igen helyes volt. Házassága alapja
az orvos utasítása volt. Maga is érezte, hogy bizony ha
valamiképpen meg akarja óvni egészségét, szakítania kell a
legényélettel.
A dolog ugyanis igen egyszerű. Az ember magához vesz egy
asszonyt, aki mindig mellette van s ezzel az ember alaposan
kigyógyult a szerelemből. Feleség okvetlenül csak egy van és az
nem olyan követelő, mint a szerető, vagy a más felesége.
S ebből a szempontból Kömley Olga látszott a legalkalmasabb
asszonynak. Sohse hitte volna, hogy ilyen leány is van a világon. Aki
az oltár előtt is azt hitte még, hogy a gyereket gólya hozza és
semmit, de éppen semmit sem tudott a világ dolgából. Kicsi, gyönge,
vérszegény, ezzel az asszonnyal úgy rendezheti a házaséletet,
ahogy éppen tetszik. Ha akarja, azt is elhiteti vele, hogy csókolódzni
sem illik, mert különben bajusza nő.
Azonkívül még egy külső oka is volt rá. Félesztendőn át a
legnagyobb hevességgel ostromolta Kömleynét. Rideg ellentállásra
talált. Ez az asszony nem könnyelmű, az urát nem szereti ugyan, de
mást sem. El van telve a szépségével, kiválóságával és gőgös
önérzete sem tűrné el, hogy egyik férfi másnak ösmerje őt, mint a
többiek. Mégis egy délután az asszony majd megingott. A karjával
átfogta már s Kömleyné nem nagy erővel védekezett. Ekkor benyitott
hozzájuk a báró. Kicsi, szelidképű szőke úr, aki ma is csodálva és
hitetlenül néz föl a feleségére; lehetséges, hogy ez a páratlan
asszony az enyém legyen? Mikor a Deméndy karjában látta
feleségét, mintha kővé meredt volna. Deméndyben pedig pusztán és
egyedül a gavallér élt, aki mindenáron meg akarja védni a hölgy
becsületét, melyet ő veszélyeztetett. Egyszerűen Kömley úr felé
sietett és őt is megölelte.
– Reménylem, önnek sem lesz kifogása, – mondta egyszerűen –
őméltósága épp most fogadott – fiának.
Hát így történt, így kellett történnie. Kömleyné azóta mintha
gyűlölte volna az államtitkárt és rideg, fagyos indulattal viselkedett a
leányával szemben. Hogy megszerette a kis leány ezt az embert, aki
először beszélt neki szerelemről! Egy arcvonása sem rándult meg
soha, hideg, közömbös, büszke és kimért volt mindig, éppen csak
becsvágyát mintha a lányába akarta volna oltani, legalább ez alatt a
jelszó alatt zavarta meg mindig a fiatal pár együttlétét s tört arra,
hogy veje mentöl többet foglalkozzék a pályájával s ezzel
alattomban mennél kevesebbet a feleségével.
Hogy mennyire egy követ fújt Deméndyvel, azt maga sem tudta.
Az államtitkár keserves csalódásra ébredt családi tűzhelyén. Ez a
vértelen gyerek, mihelyt megismerkedett a szerelemmel, a
szenvedelem elemi tüzességével élt az urának. Telhetetlen,
fáradhatatlan volt, egyre csókra vágyott és ezt a tűzben lángolását
az érintetlen lélek rajongó hitével úgy fel tudta magasztosítani, hogy
az olyan kiélt, mindenben kételkedő ember, amilyen Deméndy,
megdöbbent tőle s lesújtottnak érezte magát a szerelem soha nem
sejtett erkölcsi hatalmától. Hiába próbált kétkedni: szentség-e ez,
vagy ostobaság? Szerelem-e, vagy betegség? Meghatotta a
gyerekasszonynak primitiv képzelődése és tisztaságában való
idealizmusa, meghatotta és lebilincselte, mint valami új szép
jelenség, mely annál értékesebb, mivel okvetetlenül gyorsan
múlónak kellett hinnie.
– Majd megismeri a valóságot, majd leszáll a felhőből, mint
mindenki más – bíztatta magát.
De a kicsi asszonyt nagyon könnyen elbírta a felhő, nem szállt le
a földre, hanem ott a fészekben, melynek bájos naivsága kezdetben
ugyancsak elbűvölte, a hintaszék szárnyain mind magasabbra röpült
és kényszerítette urát, hogy fáradtan, megterhelt lelkével vele
emelkedjék a szférákba.
És Deméndy azon vette magát észre, hogy soha legényéletében
annyira zaklatott ember nem volt, mint most, a házasság
nyugodalmas révében. Különös egy helyzet. Egy asszony ül az
ölében, akinek sejtelme sincs arról, amit a férfi multjának szokás
nevezni. Aki azt hiszi, hogy a szerelmet együtt találta föl az urával és
nagykíváncsian tudakolja, hogy mások is tudnak-e úgy szeretni, mint
ők. És történik ez egy asszonynak hidegen őrködő szeme láttára,
akinek a szerelmére tört, most pedig az anyósa. Azt hitte, el kell
sülyednie szégyenletében, amikor Kömleyné hideg, csöndes
megvetéssel nézett rajta végig, azon az emberen, aki lovagias
áldozat pose-jába vágta magát s most világosan látja, hogy az
áldozat voltaképpen célja volt.
Töprenkedett rajta: féltékeny-e rá az anyósa? És irtózva felelt rá
egy másik kérdéssel: hátha igen? Mert ettől a lehetőségtől komolyan
irtózott. Az anyával csalná meg a leányt? És azt a leányt, akihez
fogható igazán nincs több a világon? A legleányosabban tiszta nő
legyen a legrútabb csalás áldozata?
Hessegette magától ezt a rémképet, mégis be kellett magának
vallania, hogy hiába. A felesége szerelmi rohamai holtra
kifárasztották. Mint a megkínzott ember, mikor a kínzó kamrába
viszik, úgy reszketett a fészektől, melyben az asszony az ő ölében
legboldogabb perceit élte át. Egyben azonban, amely mértékben
riadozott a felesége szerelmétől, annyira féktelenül lobogott benne a
szerelemre való vágy. Ez a gyerek-asszony semmiképpen sem tudta
izgatni, gyerek maradt a férfi szívének. Ő pedig rettegett, hogy a
felkorbácsolt szenvedély valamiképpen mégis oda sodorja majd,
ahová jutni irtózott: az anyós lábai elé.
Egy hónapja már, hogy kijegecesedett benne az egyetlen mód,
mely ebből a veszedelemből kimenti: meg kell csalni a feleségét.
Szinte erkölcsi kötelességének látta ezt. És gondolata ekkor szállt
vissza ahhoz a leányhoz, aki valamennyi könnyelmű viszonyai között
a legállhatatosabban tudta lebilincselni. A megszokottság és
beteltség érzete, mely viszonyuk utolsó idejében érzékeit tompította,
elmult, most ismét teljes kívánatosságában látta maga előtt a
gyönyörű, sugár, erős leányt, akit igazán csak szakításuk órájában
ismert meg valóban. Ekkor látta csak, hogy Éva szereti is őt s ami
neki csak léha szeretkezés volt, az ennek a leánynak a szíve
tragédiája. Sohasem érezte teljesen megoldottnak viszonyát, az
adósság érzete nyomta és Évát folytonos emlékezetében tartotta
még akkor is, amikor azt hitte, hogy a multnak minden szála el van
vágva és élete csöndes, szenvedélytelen mederbe tért.
És házassága óta ma látta először s a lelke megrendült, vére
minden csöppje lázongott benne: újra hozzákívánkozott s hideg
verejték lepte el homlokát, mikor ezzel a vággyal a vérében
közönbösen kellett beszélgetnie az anyósával és gyöngéden,
gondtalanul a feleségével.
Most, amint néhány pillanatra magában lehetett dolgozó-
szobájában, tünődve nézte magát a könyvszekrény széles
üvegében:
– Ilyen vagyok kívül, amolyan vagyok belül. Ha a feleségem egy
másodpercre belém nézhetne, szörnyet halna rémületében. De
igazán, képmutató, komédiás vagyok-e, vagy gazember?
És tagadólag rázta a fejét. Nem, nem gazember. Hiszen, hogy a
lelkében mi történik, arról ő nem tehet. Hogy kifelé másnak mutatja
magát, azzal csak jót tesz. Mi tarthatná vissza, hogy úgy éljen, mint
a többi férfi? Ha végignéz a közélet férfiain, nem talál egyetlen egyet
sem, aki több-kevesebb fesztelenséggel el nem hanyagolná a
feleségét és kedvteléseinek nem élne. A képviselőházban a
vendéglős minden három hónapban köteles új buffet-leányokat
alkalmazni, mert a nagyságos, méltóságos és kegyelmes urak
szeretik a változatosságot. Az intendánsok mondhatni a kaszinó
tagjai számára szerződtetnek színésznőket, ballerinákat, a vidéki
képviselők az otthon maradt feleség mellett úgyszólván városi
feleséget is tartanak, a durvább viszonyokról nem is szólva. Hát mért
volna ő rosszabb, mint a többi? Nem rosszabb, ellenkezőleg, jobb.
Még nem csalta meg a feleségét s amikor szerelmet hazudik neki,
ezzel csak boldogítja. Sokkal kényelmesebb volna igazi mivolta
szerint élni, mi, vagy ki gátolná benne? Igen, de annak a törékeny
asszonykának egyszeribe összedűlne szép világa. Ezt nem teszi és
ezzel isten és a világ előtt igazolva van.
Háromszoros halk kocogás az ajtón. Deméndy a fogát szíjja és
füle tövét vakarja. Arca eltorzul a fájó bosszúságtól, keze ökölbe
szorul a zaklató idegességtől, úgy kiáltja ki:
– Nem vagyok itt! – és elbuvik a könyvesszekrény mögött.
Az ajtó óvatosan nyílik, a kicsi asszony szőke fejecskéje bebúvik
rajta és bohókásan megdöbbent arccal mondja:
– Csakugyan, nem hazudott, mikor azt mondta, hogy nincs itt.
Majd bebúvik egészen, az ajtót maga után gondosan becsukja és
a kulcsot ráfordítja. Ne lepje meg őket senki.
És keresi az urát. A kárpit mögött, az íróasztal alatt, fölemeli a
kerevet nehéz szőnyegét is, belenéz a dohány-szelencébe is, végre
ravasz szemhunyorítással a könyvesszekrényhez is közeledik. Itt
valaki hirtelen átkapja és a fülébe csókolja:
– Tolvajt fogtam!
Boldog rémüldözéssel vergődik az asszonyka ura karjaiban.
Kergetődznek, játszanak, csókolódznak, két pajkos cica sem
különben. És minekutána az asszonyka édesen, gyerekesen
kikacagta magát, arcát ellepi a könyzápor, úgy szorongatja vékony
karjaival az ura nyakát:
– Édes, édes uram, olyan nagyon boldog vagyok!
3.

– Most pedig, édes, búcsúzz az uradtól.


– Nem jösz velem?
– Minek? Úgy sem lehetünk egyedül. Hogy az édesanyáddal
összevesszek, arra sincs sürgős szükségem.
– Igazad van, szegény uram, hát miért veszekszik veled mindig a
mama?
– Azért, édes, – felel mosolyogva Deméndy, – mert előkelőbb
férjet szerzett volna neked. Nem vagyok mágnás s csak úgy
hivatalból méltóságos.
– Ugyan ne gúnyolódjál, hiszen ha akarnál, akkor, akkor király is
lehetne belőled.
– Igen ám, – nevetett Deméndy, – csakhogy az anyád nem ád
arra, ami lehetne. Isten veled, édes, mulass jól és ne nagyon sajnáld
az uradat, amiért nem unatkozik odafönt a méltóságos báróné
szalonjában.
– Pá, édes uracskám, te olyan jó vagy. Nem is panaszkodol,
hogy a feleséged elhagy, pedig mit csinálsz te a feleséged nélkül?
– Rágondolok, édes, rágondolok, aztán annál jobban örülünk, ha
ismét találkozunk. Isten veled, édes.
– Szeretsz?
– Nagyon szeretlek, de eredj már, különben rajta kapnak és
akkor fogva leszek.
– Vigyázz, hogy meg ne betegedj, – inti még a kicsi asszony az
óriás embert s úgy válnak el, mintha legalább is hónapokig nem
látnák egymást.
Deméndy a sikló felé tart s a szabadság kéjes érzetében halkan
fütyörészik, Deméndyné még ott marad a Kömley-palota kapujánál
és utána néz könnyes szemmel, mély szerelemmel. Szegény ember,
úgy sajnálja, hogy most a felesége nélkül kell maradnia.
Öt óra van, Kömleyné fogadó napján. A palota körül már áll
néhány fogat. Deméndyné belép a hűvös, boltíves kapualjába, a
csengő élesen üt hármat, jelezvén a szolgának, hogy intim vendég
jő. Az emeleti üvegajtó már nyílik is és a méltóságos asszonyka előtt
sorba hajlong egy sereg lakáj, akik udvari módon harisnyásan,
parókásan vannak öltözve. Kömleyné szereti az egészen előkelő
formákat.
A Kömley-palota egészen más, mint a Deméndyé. Tömör és
nagyarányú egyaránt. Ott a szobák hosszú sorban fejlődnek ki, itt
szélesen és tömören tartanak össze a nagy termek. Udvar nincs is,
a ház mélyén keresztül fekszik a nagy fogadó-terem, felső
világítással, pazar, nehéz bútorzattal. A csillár akkora, mint az
operáé, a közepén szökőkút csobog, pálma és virág terpeszkedik a
sarkokban, az óriási termen pedig mindenfelé szétszórt régi
kerevetek, kerek társalgó pamlagok, nehéz karosszékek, nagy
társaság könnyen és kényelmesen elszéledhetik benne. A mélyében
pedig van a kis szalon, a bástyára néző ablakokkal, itt fogadja
Kömleyné a kisebb társaságot, amilyen most is nála van.
Deméndynét úgy fogadják, mint a ház gyerekét. Szívesen,
becézve, leereszkedve. Megölelik, megcsókolják, arcocskáját
megveregetik s a kereskedelmi miniszterné, akinek bölcsője nem
ékeskedett címerrel, egész nagymamásan nyalábolja össze:
– Szervusz, kis államtitkárné, hát megszoktad már, hogy asszony
vagy?
Édes anyja azonban szigorú formalitással elébe megy s a
leányával szemben is reprezentálja a vendégszerető háziasszonyt,
hűvösen megcsókolja és ceremóniás mosollyal kínálja meg üléssel.
A Kömleyné társasága különben vegyesnek mondható még. Ő
méltósága törekszik ugyan a rostálásra, de teljes eredményt még
nem ért el. Ha rajta áll, holmi jött-ment asszonyok, akik ma még
miniszternék, de holnap semmik, nem lépnék át a küszöbét. Ez
azonban még hagyján, egy pár szimpla dzsentri asszony is bejáratos
hozzá, az ura kaszinói összeköttetései révén. Nagy ára van a
karriernek: Kömley Simon báró még nem valóságos belső titkos
tanácsos és a közgazdaság körül szerzett érdemek nem elegendők
ennek a megszerzésére. Dolgozni kell tehát a politika plebejusával
is. Valamikép szerepet kell juttatni a bárónak akár a főrendiházban,
akár a választáson, vagy az egyházi ügyek terén, szóval, lancirozni
kell.
A kereskedelmi miniszternén kívül négy asszonyvendég van még
jelen és egy férfi. Ez az egy Zsilvölgyi gróf, egy hosszú, száraz
ember, akinek a térde, míg a széken ül, majdnem a melléig
ágaskodik föl. A szegény ember egyre hümget és paskolja térdét
türelmetlenségében. Felesége majdnem olyan magas mint ő, de
lehetőleg még soványabb, ősz haja pedig ritkulni kezd s
kétségbeesett erőlködéssel le van a halántékához pomádézva.
Köpenyben ül különben, mert állandóan fázik s hosszú lába előre
nyujtva, plaiddel szintén be van borítva.
Ők az igazi arisztokraták a mostani társaságban. Rajtok kívül ott
van még Keszegh Vidorné egy őrnagynak immár húsz esztendő óta
özvegye, Hidegh Kálmánné ő méltósága, egy szép pirosarcú kicsi
hölgy, kinek az ura a felvidéki inség körül kormánybiztoskodik, két
leányával, a tizenkilenc éves Dórával, meg a huszonegy éves
Blankával. Kicsike, parasztos képű leánykák, akik egyre soványítják
magukat és citromot, meg uborkát esznek, hogy arcuk halványabb
legyen.
És végül ott van Fuchsné, csak így, röviden: Fuchsné. A cselédje
előtt nagyságos, semmi más. De itt van és a kis szalonban
Kömleyné mellett ül, gyönyörű, karcsú és mégis erős termettel,
egyszerű fekete ruhában s mégis csakúgy ragyog kábító
eleganciában. Az arca kicsi, finom vonású, gyenge piros színű, de
két széles metszésű fekete szeme urasan villog és amikor beszél,

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