Structural Analysis 9th Edition Hibbeler

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© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–1. Determine the moments at A and B, then draw the

moment diagram for the beam. EI is constant. M0

A B C
L L

Solution
2EI 2
M AB = (0 + uB - 0) + 0 = EIuB
L L

2EI 4
M BA = (2 uB + 0 - 0) + 0 = EIuB
L L

2EI 4 2
M BC = (2uB + uC - 0) + 0 = EIuB + EIuC
L L L

2EI 4 2
M CB = (2uC + uB - 0) + 0 = EIuC + EIuB - M D
L L L

M B = 0;

M BA + M BC = 0

Solving

M0 L 2M0 L
uB = -   uC =
14EI 7EI
2
M BC = M  Ans.
7 0
1
M AB = - M 0 Ans.
7
2
M BA = - M 0 Ans.
7

546
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–2. The continuous beam supports the three P P P

concentrated loads. Determine the maximum moment in
the beam and then draw the moment diagram. EI
is constant. A D
B C
L
–– L
–– L
–– L
–– L
–– L
––
2 2 2 2 2 2

Solution
I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI 3PL
M BA = ( uB - 0 ) +
L 16

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI PL
M BC = ( 2uB + uC - 0 ) -
L 8

2EI PL
M CB = ( 2uC + uB - 0 ) +
L 8

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI 3PL
M CD = ( uC - 0 ) -
L 16

Equilibrium:

M BA + M BC = 0

M CB + M CD = 0

3EI 3PL 4EI 2EI PL

u + + u + u - = 0
L B 16 L B L C 8

PL 2
2uC + 7uB = - (1)
16EI

2EI PL 3EI 3PL

( 2uC + uB ) + + u - = 0
L 8 L C 16

PL 2
7uC + 2uB = (2)
16EI

Solving Eqs. 1–2:

- PL 2
uB =
80EI

PL 2
uC =
80EI

547
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–2. Continued

Thus,

3PL
M BA =
20
- 3PL
M BC =
20

3PL
M CB =
20

3PL
M CD = -
20

L 3PL
a + MB = 0;    - Av(L) + P a b - = 0
2 20

7
Ay = P
20

L 3PL 3PL
a + M C = 0;          - VBR(L) + P a b + - = 0
2 20 20

PL
V BR =
2

7 L
a + M = 0;       M1 - Pa b = 0
20 2

7
M 1 = M max = PL Ans.
40

3PL P L
a + M = 0;       - a b + M2 = 0
20 2 2

1
M2 = PL
10

548
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11–3. Determine the moments at B and C of the 1200 lb/ft

overhanging beam, then draw the bending moment diagram.
EI is constant. Assume the beam is supported by a pin at A
and rollers at B and C. D
A B C

12 ft 12 ft 8 ft

Solution
cAB = cBC = 0
Applying Eqs. 11–8 and 11–10,

3EI
M BA = (u ) + 0
12 B

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB + uC ) + 0
12

2EI
M CB = ( 2uC + uB ) + 0
12

M CD = - (1.20)(8)(4) = -38.4 k # ft Ans.

Moment equilibrium at B and C:

M BA + M BC = 0

M CB + M CD = 0

3EI 2EI
u + ( 2uB + uC ) = 0
12 B 12
2EI
( 2uC + uB ) - 38.4 = 0
12
-38.4 134.4
uB = ;    uC =
EI EI

Thus,

3EI - 38.4
M BA = a b = - 9.60 k # ft Ans.
12 EI

2EI 134.4
b = 9.60 k # ft
-38.4
M BC = a2a b + Ans.
12 EI EI

2EI 134.4
b b = 38.4 k # ft
-38.4
M CB = a2a b + a Ans.
12 EI EI

549
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*11–4. Determine the internal moments at the supports A, 3 k/ft

B, and C, then draw the moment diagram. Assume A is
pinned, and B and C are rollers. EI is constant.

A B C

4 ft 8 ft 8 ft 4 ft

Solution
I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI 3(8)2
M AB = ( 2uA + uB ) -
8 12

2EI 3(8)2
M BA = ( 2uB + uA ) +
8 12

2EI 3(8)2
M BC = ( 2uB + uC ) -
8 12

2EI 3(8)2
M CB = ( 2uC + uB ) +
8 12
Equilibrium
M AB + 24 = 0
M BA + M BC = 0
M CB - 24 = 0

2EI 3(8)2
( 2uA + uB ) - + 24 = 0
8 12

8
0.5uA + 0.25uB = -
EI

2EI 3(8)2 2EI 3(8)2

( 2uB + uA ) + + ( 2uB + uC ) - = 0
8 12 8 12

uB + 0.25uA + 0.25uC = 0

2EI 3(8)2
( 2uC + uB ) + - 24 = 0
8 12

8
0.5uC + 0.25uB =
EI

Solving

uB = 0
16
uA = -uC = -
EI
M AB = - 24 k # ft Ans.

M BA = 12 k # ft Ans.

M BC = - 12 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 24 k # ft Ans.

550
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11–5. Determine the moment at B, then draw the moment 15 kN 20 kN

diagram for the beam. Assume the supports at A and C are
fixed. EI is constant.

A B C

8m 4m 4m

Solution
2EI EI
M AB = ( 0 + uB - 0 ) + 0 = uB
8 4

2EI EI
M BA = ( 2uB + 0 - 0 ) + 0 = uB
8 2

2EI EI
M BC = (2uB + 0 - 0) - 20 = u - 20
8 2 B

2EI EI
M CB = ( 0 + uB - 0 ) + 20 = uB + 20
8 4
M BA + M BC = 0

Solving

20
uB =
EI
M AB = 5 kN # m Ans.

M BA = 10 kN # m Ans.

M BC = -10 kN # m Ans.

M CB = 25 kN # m Ans.

551
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11–6. Determine the reactions at the supports, then draw 6k 6k 8k

the moment diagram. Assume A and D are pins and B
and C are rollers. The support at B settles 0.03 ft. Take
E = 29 ( 103 ) ksi and I = 4500 in2.

A B C D

4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 12 ft 6 ft 6 ft

Solution
PL 3PL
FEMBA = = 24,   FEMCD = - = - 18
3 16

0.03
cAB = - cBC = = 2.5 ( 10-3 )
12
Applying Eqs. 11–8 and 11–10,

3EI
M BA = ( u - 2.5 ( 10-3 )) + 24
12 B

= 0.25EIuB - 0.625 ( 10-3 ) EI + 24

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB + uC + 3(2.5) ( 10-3 ))
12

= 0.333EIuB + 0.167EIuC + 1.25 ( 10-3 ) EI

2EI
M CB = ( 2uC + uB + 3(2.5) ( 10-3 ))
12

= 0.333EIuC + 0.167EIuB + 1.25 ( 10-3 ) EI

3EI
M CD = (u ) - 18
12 C

= 0.25EIuC - 18

Moment equilibrium at B and C:

M BA + M BC = 0;   0.583EIuB + 0.1667EIuC + 6.25 ( 10-4 ) EI = -24
M CB + M CD = 0;   0.1667EIuB + 0.583EIuC + 1.25 ( 10-3 ) EI = 18
- 54.4
uB = - 5 ( 10-4 )
EI
46.4
uC = - 2 ( 10-3 )
EI
MBA = 10.4 - 7.5 ( 10-4 ) EI = - 669.29 k # ft

MBC = -10.4 + 7.5 ( 10-4 ) EI = 669.29 k # ft

MCB = 6.4 + 5 ( 10-4 ) EI = 459.53 k # ft

MCD = - 6.4 - 5 ( 10-4 ) EI = - 459.53 k # ft

552
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–6. Continued

Segment AB:
c + MB = 0;   A y (12) - 6(8) - 6(4) - 669.29 = 0
A y = 61.77 k = 61.8 k Ans.

+ c Fy = 0;    V BL = 49.77 k

Segment BC:
c + MB = 0;   669.29 + 459.53 - V CL (12) = 0
V CL = 94.07 k
+ c Fy = 0;    V BR = 94.07 k
Segment CD:
c + M C = 0;   8(6) - 459.53 + Dy (12) = 0
Dy = 34.29 k = 34.3 k Ans.
+ c Fy = 0;    V CR = 42.29 k
At B
B y = V BR + V BL = 144 k Ans.
At C
Cy = V CR + V CL = 136 k Ans.

553
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–7. Determine the internal moments at A and B, then 10 kN/m

draw the moment diagram. Assume B and C are rollers. EI
is constant.
A B C

6m 3m

Solution
I
M N = 2E a b(2uN + uF - 3c) + (FEM)N
L

2EI
M AB = ( 2(0) + uB - 0 ) + 0
6

2EI
M BA = ( 2uB ) + 0
6

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI (10)(3)2
M BC = ( uB - 0 ) -
3 8
Equilibrium:

M BA + M BC = 0

4EI 3EI
u + u - 11.25 = 0
6 B 3 B

6.75
uB =
EI
M AB = 2.25 kN # m Ans.
M BA = 4.50 kN # m Ans.
M BC = - 4.50 kN # m Ans.

554
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–8. Determine the moments at A, B, and C, then draw 6k 0.5 k/ ft

the moment diagram. EI is constant. Assume the support
at B is a roller and A and C are fixed.

A B C

8 ft 8 ft 18 ft

Solution
PL wL 2
(FEM)AB = - = - 12, (FEM)BC = - = -13.5
8 12

PL wL 2
(FEM)BA = = 12, (FEM)CB = = 13.5
8 12

uA = uC = cAB = cBC = 0­

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI
M AB = (u ) - 12
16 B

2EI
M BA = ( 2uB ) + 12
16

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB ) - 13.5
18

2EI
M CB = ( u ) + 13.5
18 B

Moment equilibrium at B:

M BA + M BC = 0

2EI 2EI
( 2uB ) + 12 + ( 2uB ) - 13.5 = 0
16 18
3.1765
uB =
EI

Thus,

M AB = - 11.60 = - 11.6 k # ft Ans.

M BA = 12.79 = 12.8 k # ft Ans.

M BC = -12.79 = - 12.8 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 13.853 = 13.9 k # ft Ans.

555
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*11–8. Continued

Left Segment:

c + M A = 0; - 11.60 + 6(8) + 12.79 - V BL (16) = 0

V BL = 3.0744 k

+ c Fy = 0; A y = 2.9256 k

Right Segment:

c + M B = 0; - 12.79 + 9(9) - Cy (18) + 13.85 = 0

Cy = 4.5588 k

+ c Fy = 0; V BR = 4.412 k

At B:

B y = 3.0744 + 4.4412 = 7.52 k

556
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11–9. Determine the reactions at A, B, and C, then draw 3 k/ft

the moment diagram for the beam. Assume the supports
at A and C are pins. EI is constant.

A B C

8 ft 10 ft

Solution
wL 2 3(8)2
FEMBA = = = 24 k # ft
8 8

FEMBC = 0

3EI
M BA = ( uB - 0 ) + 24
8
3EI
M BC = (u - 0) + 0
10 B

M BA + M BC = 0

Solving

320
uB = -
9EI

M BA = 10.667 k # ft

M BC = -10.667 k # ft

A y = 10.667 k = 10.7 k Ans.

B y = 14.4 k Ans.

Cx = 0;   Cy = - 1.0667 k

= - 1.07 k Ans.

557
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11–10. Determine the moments at A, B, and C. The 300 lb/ ft

support at B settles 0.15 ft. E = 29 ( 103 ) ksi and I = 8000 in4. 240 lb/ ft
Assume the supports at B and C are rollers and A is fixed.

A B C

20 ft 30 ft

Solution
wL 2 wL 2
FEMAB = - = - 8,   FEMBC = - = - 33.75
12 8

wL 2
FEMBA = = 8
12

Applying Eqs. 11–8 and 11–10,

2EI 0.15
M AB = c u - 3a bd - 8
20 B 20

2EI 0.15
M BA = c 2uB - 3a bd + 8
20 20

3EI 0.15
M BC = cu + d - 33.75
30 B 30

Moment equilibrium at B,

2EI 0.15 3EI 0.15

M BA + M BC = 0;    c 2uB - 3a bd + 8 + cu + d - 33.75 = 0
20 20 30 B 30

uB = 5.887 ( 10-3 ) rad

Thus
M AB = - 2680 k # ft Ans.
M BA = - 1720 k # ft Ans.
M BC = 1720 k # ft Ans.
M CB = 0 Ans.

558
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11–11. Determine the moments at A, B, and C, then draw 6k 6k

the moment diagram for the beam. Assume the support 3 k/ft
at A is fixed. B and C are rollers, and D is a pin. EI is
constant.
A B C D

4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 12 ft 12 ft

Solution
Fixed End Moments. Referring to the table on the inside back cover,

2PL 2(6)(12)
(FEM)AB = - = - = - 16 k # ft
9 9

2PL 2(6)(12)
(FEM)BA = = = 16 k # ft
9 9

wL 2 3(122)
(FEM)BC = (FEM)CB = 0 (FEM)CD = - = - = -54 k # ft
8 8

Slope-Deflection Equations. Applying Eq. 11–8, for spans AB and BC.

M N = 2Ek(2uN + uF - 3c) + (FEM)N

For span AB,

I EI
M AB = 2E a b[2(0) + uB - 3(0)] + (-16) = a buB - 16 (1)
12 6

I EI
M BA = 2E a b[2uB + 0 - 3(0)] + 16 = a buB + 16 (2)
12 3

For span BC,

I EI EI
M BC = 2E a b[2uB + uC - 3(0)] + 0 = a buB + a buC (3)
12 3 6

I EI EI
M CB = 2E a b[2uC + uB - 3(0)] + 0 = a buC + a buB (4)
12 3 6

Applying Eq. 11–10 for span CD,

M N = 3Ek ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N

I EI
M CD = 3E a b(uC - 0) + (- 54) = a buC - 54 (5)
12 4

Equilibrium. At support B,

M BA + M BC = 0

EI EI EI
a bu + 16 + a buB + a buC = 0
3 B 3 6

2EI EI
a buB + a buC = - 16 (6)
3 6

559
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11–11. Continued

At support C,

M CB + M CD = 0

EI EI EI
a bu + a buB + a buC - 54 = 0
3 C 6 4

7EI EI
a bu + a buB = 54 (7)
12 C 6

Solving Eqs. (6) and (7)

1392 660
uC = uB = -
13EI 13EI

Substitute these results into Eq. (1) to (5)

M AB = - 24.46 k # ft = - 24.5 k # ft Ans.
M BA = - 0.9231 k # ft = - 0.923 k # ft Ans.
M BC = 0.9231 k # ft = 0.923 k # ft Ans.
M CB = 27.23 k # ft = 27.2 k # ft Ans.
M CD = - 27.23 k # ft = - 27.2 k # ft Ans.

The negative signs indicates that MAB, MBA, and MCD have counterclockwise
rotational sense. Using these results, the shear at both ends of spans AB, BC, and
CD are computed and shown in Fig. a, b, and c respectively. Subsequently, the shear
and moment diagram can be plotted, Fig. d and e respectively.

560
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*11–12. Determine the moments at B and C, then draw 4 kN/m

the moment diagram. Assume A, B, and C are rollers and D
is pinned. EI is constant.

A B C D

12 m 12 m 12 m

Solution
I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI (4)(12)2
M BA = ( uB ) +
12 15

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI (4)(12)2
M BC = ( 2uB + uC ) -
12 12

2EI (4)(12)2
M CB = ( 2uC + uB ) +
12 12

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI 4(12)2
M CD = ( uC ) -
12 15

Equilibrium

M BA + M BC = 0

M CB + M CD = 0

3EI (4)(12)2 2EI 4(12)2

( uB ) + + ( 2uB + uC ) - = 0
12 15 12 12

0.5833uB + 0.1667uC = 9.60

2EI 4(12)2 3EI 4(12)2

( 2uC + uB ) + + ( uC ) - = 0
12 12 12 15

0.5833uC + 0.1667uB = - 9.60

Solving

23.40
uB = - uC =
EI
M BA = 44.2 k # ft Ans.

M BC = -44.2 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 44.2 k # ft Ans.

M CD = - 44.2 k # ft Ans.

561
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–13. Determine the moments at B, C, and D, then draw 8k

the moment diagram for ABDE. Assume A is pinned, D is a 2 k/ft
roller, and C is fixed. EI is constant.
E
A B D
15 ft 12 ft 8 ft
12 ft

Solution
2(15)2
(FEM)DA = = 56.25 k # ft
8
- 2(12)2
(FEM)BD = = - 24 k # ft
12
(FEM)DB = 24.0 k # ft
(FEM)BC = (FEM)CB = 0
I
M N = 3E a b(uN - c) + (FEM)N
L
I
M BA = 3E a b ( uB - 0 ) + 56.25
15
M BA = 0.2EIuB + 56.25(1)
I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L
I
M BD = 2E a b ( 2uB + uD - 0 ) - 24
12
M BD = 0.3333EIuB + 0.1667EIuD - 24(2)

I
M DB = 2E a b ( 2uD + uB - 0 ) + 24
12
M DB = 0.3333EIuD + 0.1666EIuB + 24(3)
I
M BC = 2E a b ( 2uB + 0 - 0 ) + 0
12
M BC = 0.3333EIuB (4)
I
MCB = 2E a b ( 2(0) + uB - 0 ) + 0
12
M CB = 0.1667EIuB (5)
Equilibrium
M BA + M BC + M BD = 0(6)
M DB - 64 = 0(7)
Solving Eqs. 1–7:
- 66.70 153.35
uB =     uD =
EI EI
M BA = 42.9 k # ft Ans.
M BD = - 20.7 k # ft Ans.
M DB = 64.0 k # ft Ans.
M BC = - 22.2 k # ft Ans.
M CB = - 11.1 k # ft Ans.

562
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11–14. Determine the horizontal and vertical components 3k

2k
of reaction at A and C. Assume A and C are pins and B is a
fixed joint. Take E = 29 ( 103 ) ksi. 10 ft 10 ft

0.5 k/ft
B IBC = 400 in4 C

15 ft IAB = 900 in4

Solution A
2
(0.5)(15)
(FEM)BA = = 14.06 k # ft
8
- 3(3)(20)
(FEM)BC = = - 11.25 k # ft
16

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3(29) ( 103 ) (900)

M BA = (uB - 0) + 14.06
15(144)

M BA = 36 250uC + 14.06(1)

3(29) ( 103 ) (400)

M BC = ( uB - 0 ) - 11.25
20(144)

MBC = 12 083. 33uB - 11.25(2)

Equilibrium

M BA + M BC = 0(3)

Solving Eqs. 1–3:

uB = - 0.000 058 138 rad

M BA = 11.95 k # ft

M BC = -11.95 k # ft

Thus,
A x = 2.95 k Ans.
A y = 4.10 k Ans.
Cx = 4.55 k Ans.
Cy = 0.902 k Ans.

563
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–15. Determine the moments at each joint and support 1200 lb/ft
of the battered-column frame. The joints and supports are
fixed connected. EI is constant.
B C

16 ft

A D

12 ft 12 ft 12 ft

Solution
I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI
M AB = ( 0 + uB ) + 0
20

2EI
M BA = ( 2uB + 0 ) + 0
20

2EI 1.2(12)2
M BC = ( 2uB + uC ) -
12 12

2EI 1.2(12)2
M CB = ( 2uC + uB ) +
12 12

2EI
M CD = (2uC + 0) + 0
20

2EI
M DC = (0 + uC) + 0
20

Equilibrium
M BA + M BC = 0
2EI 2EI
( 2uD ) + ( 2uB + uC ) - 14.4 = 0
20 12
14.4
0.5333uD + 0.1667uC = (1)
EI
M CB + M CD = 0
2EI 2
( 2uC - uB ) + 14.4 + ( 2uC ) = 0
12 20
- 14.4
0.5333uC + 0.1667uB = (2)
EI

Solving Eqs. 1–2:

39.27
uB =
EI
M AB = 3.93 k # ft Ans.
M BA = 7.85 k # ft Ans.
M BC = - 7.85 k # ft Ans.
M CB = 7.85 k # ft Ans.
M CD = - 7.85 k # ft Ans.
M DC = - 3.93 k # ft Ans.

564
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–16. Determine the moment at each joint of the gable

5 ft 5 ft
frame. The roof load is transmitted to each of the purlins C
over simply supported sections of the roof decking. Assume 5 ft 5 ft
the supports at A and E are pins and the joints are fixed 5 ft 5 ft
connected. EI is constant.
1200 lb/ft 1200 lb/ft

B D

12 ft

A E
Solution
12 ft 12 ft
- 2(6)(15)
(FEM)BC = (FEM)CD = = - 20 k # ft
9

(FEM)CB = (FEM)DC = 20 k # ft

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI
M BA = (u )
12 B

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB + uC ) - 20
15

2EI
M CB = ( 2uC + uB ) + 20
15

2EI
M CD = ( 2uC + uD ) - 20
15

2EI
M DC = ( 2uD + uC ) + 20
15

I
M N = 3E a b ( uN - c ) + (FEM)N
L

3EI
M DE = (u )
12 D

Equilibrium

M BA + M BC = 0

M CB + M CD = 0

M DC + M DE = 0

or

3EI 2EI
u + ( 2uB + uC ) - 20 = 0
12 B 15

20
0.5167uB + 0.1333uC =
EI

2EI 2EI
( 2uC + uB ) + 20 + ( 2uC + uD ) - 20 = 0
15 15

565
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–16. Continued

4uC + uB + uD = 0

2EI 3EI
( 2uD + uC ) + 20 + u = 0
15 12 D

20
0.51667uD + 0.1333uC = -
EI

Solving these equations:

uC = 0

38.71
uB = - uD =
EI

Thus,

M BA = 9.68 k # ft Ans.

M BC = -9.68 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 25.2 k # ft Ans.

M CD = - 25.2 k # ft Ans.

M DC = 9.68 k # ft Ans.

M DE = -9.68 k # ft Ans.

566
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–17. Determine the moments at the ends of each 8 kN

4 kN 3 kN
member of the frame. The supports at A and C and joint B
are fixed connected. EI is constant. 3m 3m 3m

D
A B

6m

Solution
C
I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

2EI (4)(6)
M AB = ( 0 + uB ) -
6 8

2EI 4(6)
M BA = ( 2uB ) +
6 8

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB )
6

2EI
M CB = ( uB )
6

Equilibrium

M BA + M BC - 9 = 0

2EI 4(6) 2EI

( 2uB ) + + ( 2uB ) - 9 = 0
6 8 6

4.5
uB =
EI

Thus,

2EI 4.5 4(6)

M AB = a0 + b - = - 1.50 kN # m Ans.
6 EI 8

2EI 4.5
M CB = a b = 1.50 kN # m Ans.
6 EI

2EI 4.5 4(6)

M BA = a2 b - = 6.00 kN # m Ans.
6 EI 8

2EI 4.5
M BC = a2a b b = 3.00 kN # m Ans.
6 EI

567
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–18. When the 15 kN/m load is applied to the three- 15 kN/m

member frame the support at D settles 10 mm. Determine
the moment acting at each of the fixed supports A, C, and D.
The members are pin connected at B, E = 200 GPa, and
I = 800 ( 106 ) mm4. A B C
4m 3m

3m

Solution
wL 2
FEMAB = - = - 30
8
uA = uC = uD = cBD = 0
Applying Eq. 11–10,

3EI 0.01 3(200) ( 106 ) (800) ( 10-6 ) - 0.01

M AB = a0 - b - 30 = a b - 30
4 4 4 4

= - 330 kN # m Ans.

3EI 0.01 3(200) ( 106 ) (800) ( 10-6 ) 0.01

M CB = a0 + b + 0 = a b
4 3 4 3

= 400 kN # m Ans.

3EI
M DB = (0 - 0) + 0 = 0 Ans.
4

568
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–19. Determine the moment at B, then draw the 2k

moment diagram for each member of the frame. Assume
the supports at A and C are pinned and B is a fixed joint. EI
is constant. B C

6 ft 8 ft

12 ft

A
Solution
P 2 a2b 2k 2
(6 ft)2 8 ft
(FEM)BC = ab a + b = a(8 ft) (6 ft) + b
L2 2 (14 ft)2 2

= 5.388 k # ft

3
M BC = EIuB - 5.388
14

3EI
M BA = (u - 0)
12 B

M BC + M BA = 0

Solving,

11.604
uB =
EI
M BC = - 2.901 k # ft Ans.
M BA = 2.901 k # ft Ans.

569
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–20. The frame at the rear or the truck is made by 1.5 ft 1 ft 1 ft 1.5 ft
welding pipe segments together. If the applied load is
1500 lb, determine the moments at the fixed joints B, C, D,
and E. Assume the supports at A and F are pinned. EI C D
is constant. 2 ft

B E

1500 lb
4 ft

Solution
A F
PL PL
FEMCD = - = - 375;  FEMDC = = 375
8 8

cAB = cBC = cCD = cDE = cEF = 0

Applying Eqs. 11–8 and 11–10,

3EI
M BA = ( uB - 0 ) + 0
4

2EI
M BC = ( 2uB + uC - 0 ) + 0
2.5

2EI
M CB = ( 2uC + uB - 0 ) + 0
2.5

2EI
M CD = ( 2uC + uD - 0 ) - 375
2

2EI
M DC = ( 2uD + uC - 0 ) + 375
2

2EI
M DE = ( 2uD + uE - 0 ) + 0
2.5

2EI
M ED = ( 2uE + uD - 0 ) + 0
2.5

3EI
M EF = ( uE - 0 ) + 0
4

Moment equilibrium at B, C, and D, E:

M BA + M BC = 0

3EI 2EI
( uB ) + ( 2uB + uC ) = 0
4 2.5

uC = - 2.9375uB (1)

M CB + M CD = 0

2EI 2EI
( 2uC + uB ) + ( 2uC + uD ) - 375 = 0
2.5 2

375
3.6uC + 0.8uB + uD = (2)
EI
M DC + M DE = 0

2EI 2EI
( 2uD + uC ) + ( 2uD + uE ) + 375 = 0
2 2.5
570
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–20. Continued

375
3.6uD + 0.8uE + uC = - (3)
EI
M ED + M EF = 0

2EI 3EI
( 2uE + uD ) + ( uE ) = 0
2.5 4

uD = -2.9375uE(4)

Solving Eqs. (1) through (4),

- 54.845
uB = - u E =
EI
161.106
uC = - uD =
EI

Thus,
MBA = - 41.1 lb # ft Ans.
MEF = 41.1 lb # ft Ans.
MBC = 41.1 lb # ft Ans.
MED = - 41.1 lb # ft Ans.
MCB = 214 lb # ft Ans.
MDE = - 214 lb # ft Ans.
MCD = - 214 lb # ft Ans.
MDC = 214 lb # ft Ans.

571
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–21. The wood frame is subjected to the load of 6 kN. 6 kN

Determine the moments at the fixed joints A, B, and D. The
B C
joint at C is pinned. EI is constant.

4m

A D
Solution
uA = uD = cBC = 0
4m
cAB = cDC = c

Applying Eqs. 11–8 and 11–10,

2EI
M AB = ( uB - 3c ) + 0
4

2EI
M BA = ( 2uB - 3c ) + 0
4

3EI
M BC = ( uB ) + 0
4

3EI
M DC = (- c) + 0
4
Moment equilibrium at B:
M BA + M BC = 0(1)
Force equilibrium for entire frame:
S+ F = 0;     6 - V - V = 0
x A D

From FBDs of members AB and CD:

M AB + M BA
M B = 0;   VA = - a b
4
- M DC
M D = 0;   V D =
4

Thus,
M AB + M BA M DC
6 + + = 0(2)
4 4

From Eq. (1):

2EI 3EI
( 2uB - 3c ) + u = 0
4 4 B

6
uB = c(3)
7

From Eq. (2):

1 2EI 2EI 3EI

6 + a ( uB - 3c ) + ( 2uB - 3c ) + (- c)b = 0
4 4 4 4
96
+ 6uB - 15c = 0(4)
EI

572
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–21. Continued

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4),

8.348
uB =
EI

9.739
c =
EI

Thus:
M AB = - 10.4 kN # m Ans.
M BA = - 6.26 kN # m Ans.
M BC = 6.26 kN # m Ans.
M DC = - 7.30 kN # m Ans.

573
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–22. Determine the moments at each joint and support.

There are fixed connections at B and C and fixed supports B C
at A and D. EI is constant.
6 k/ft
18 ft

A D

24 ft
Solution
- 6(18)2
(FEM)AB = = - 162 k # ft
12

(FEM)BA = 162 k # ft

(FEM)BC = (FEM)CB = 0

(FEM)CD = (FEM)DC = 0

cAB = cDC

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

I
M AB = 2E a b ( 2(0) + uB - 3cAB ) - 162
18

M AB = 0.1111EIuB - 0.3333EIcAB - 162(1)

I
M BA = 2E a b(2uB + 0 - 3cAB ) + 162
18

M BA = 0.2222EIuB - 0.333EIcAB + 162(2)

I
M BC = 2E a b ( 2uB + uC - 3(0) ) + 0
24

M BC = 0.1667EIuB + 0.08333EIuC(3)

I
M CB = 2E a b ( 2uC + uB - 3(0) ) + 0
24

M CB = 0.1667EIuB + 0.08333EIuC(4)

1
M CD = 2E a b ( 2uC + 0 - 3cAB ) + 0
18

M CD = 0.2222EIuC - 0.3333EIcAB (5)

1
M DC = 2E a b ( 2(0) + uC - 3cAB ) + 0
18

M DC = 0.1111EIuC - 0.3333EIcAB (6)

Equilibrium:

M BA + M BC = 0(7)

M CD + M CB = 0(8)

574
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–22. Continued

V A + V D - 6(18) = 0

( M AB + M BA - 972 ) ( M CD + M DC )
- - - 108 = 0
18 18

M AB + M BA + M CD + M DC = - 972(9)

Solving these equations:

265.09 795.27
uB = ,   uC =
EI EI

994.09
cAB =
EI

M AB = - 464 k # ft Ans.

M BA = - 110 k # ft Ans.

M BC = 110 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 155 k # ft Ans.

M CD = - 155 k # ft Ans.

M DC = - 243 k # ft Ans.

575
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–23. Determine the moments at each joint and fixed 20 ft

support, then draw the moment diagram. EI is constant.
8k
B C
10 ft

15 ft
D

Solution
(FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 0

(FEM)BC = (FEM)CB = 0

(FEM)CD = (FEM)DC = 0

2
cAB = c
3 DC

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

I 2
M AB = 2E a b(2(0) + uB - 3a bcDC) + 0
15 3

M AB = 0.1333EIuB - 0.2667EIcDC(1)

I 2
M BA = 2E a b(2uB + 0 - 3a bcDC) + 0
15 3

M BA = 0.2667EIuB - 0.2667EIcDC(2)

I
MBC = 2E a b ( 2uB + uC - 3(0) ) + 0
20

MBC = 0.2EIuB + 0.1EIuC(3)

I
M CB = 2E a b ( 2uC + uB - 3(0) ) + 0
20

M CB = 0.2EIuC + 0.1EIuB (4)

I
M CD = 2E a b ( 2uC + 0 - 3cDC ) + 0
10

M CD = 0.4EIuC - 0.6EIcDC(5)

I
M DC = 2E a b ( 3(0) + uC - 3cDC ) + 0
10

M DC = 0.2EIuC - 0.6EIcDC(6)

Equilibrium

M BA + M BC = 0(7)

M CB + M CD = 0(8)

VA + VD - 8 = 0

576
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–23. Continued

( M AB + M BA ) ( M CD + M DC )
- - - 8 = 0
15 10

2M AB + 2M BA + 3M CD + 3M DC = - 240(9)

Solving these equations:

33.149 83.978
uB =    uC =
EI EI

89.503
cDC =
EI

M AB = - 19.4 k # ft Ans.

M BA = - 15.0 k # ft Ans.

M BC = 15.0 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 20.1 k # ft Ans.

M CD = - 20.1 k # ft Ans.

M DC = - 36.9 k # ft Ans.

577
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–24. Determine the moments at A, B, C, and D then 4 k/ft

draw the moment diagram. The members are fixed
connected at the supports and joints. EI is constant. B C

6 ft 15 ft

15 k

6 ft

A D
Solution
- 15(12)
(FEM)AB = = - 22.5 k # ft
8

(FEM)BA = 22.5 k # ft

- 4(15)2
(FEM)BC = = - 75.0 k # ft
12

(FEM)CB = 75.0 k # ft

(FEM)CD = (FEM)DC = 0

cAB = cDC

I
M N = 2E a b ( 2uN + uF - 3c ) + (FEM)N
L

I
M AB = 2E a b ( 2(0) + uB - 3cAB ) + 0
12

M AB = 0.1667EIuB - 0.5EIcAB - 22.5(1)

I
M BA = 2E a b ( 2uB + 0 - 3cAB ) + 22.5
12

M BA = 0.3333EIuB - 0.5EIcAB - 22.5(2)

I
M BC = 2E a b ( 2uB + uC - 3(0) ) - 75.0
15

M BC = 0.2667EIuB + 0.1333EIuC - 75.0(3)

I
M CD = 2E a b ( 2uC + uB - 3(0) ) + 75.0
15

M CB = 0.2667EIuB + 0.1333EIuC + 75.0(4)

I
M CD = 2E a b ( 2uC + 0 - 3cAB ) + 0
12

M CD = 0.3333EIuC - 0.5EIcAB (5)

I
M DC = 2E a b ( 2(0) + uC - 3cAB ) + 0
12

M DC = 0.1667EIuC - 0.5EIcAB (6)

578
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*11–24. Continued

Equilibrium:

M BA + M BC = 0(7)

M CD + M CB = 0(8)
V A + V D - 15 = 0

( M AB + M BA - 90 ) ( M CD + M DC )
- - - 15 = 0
12 12

M AB + M BA + M CD + M DC = - 90(9)

Solving these equations:

159.88 - 113.33
uB = ,   uC =
EI EI

56.64
cAB =
EI

M AB = - 24.17 k # ft = - 24.2 k # ft Ans.

M BA = 47.48 k # ft = 47.5 k # ft Ans.

M BC = -47.48 k # ft = - 47.5 k # ft Ans.

M CB = 66.01 k # ft = 66.0 k # ft Ans.

M CD = - 66.01 k # ft = - 66.0 k # ft Ans.

M DC = - 47.21 k # ft = - 47.2 k # ft Ans.

579
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–1P. The roof is supported by joists that rest on two

girders. Each joist can be considered simply supported, and
the front girder can be considered attached to the three
columns by a pin at A and rollers at B and C. Assume the
roof will be made from 3 in.-thick cinder concrete, and each
joist has a weight of 550 lb. According to code the roof will
be subjected to a snow loading of 25 psf. The joists have a
length of 25 ft. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for
the girder. Assume the supporting columns are rigid.

Solution
3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3 ft
From the text,

3
Weight of cinder concrete = ( 108 lb>ft3 ) a ftb = 27 psf
12 A B C
Live load = 25 psf

Total load = 52 psf

Load on joist = ( 52 lb>ft2 ) (3 ft) = 156 lb>ft

25 550
Reaction on middle joist = 156a b + = 2.225 k
2 2

156 25 550
Reaction on end joist = a b + = 1.25 k
2 2 2

PL 2.225(9)
(FEM)BA = = = 6.675 k # ft
3 3

P a2b 2.225 (12)2(3)

(FEM)BC = -  ab2a + b = c (3)2(12) + d
L 2 2 (15)2 2
(9)2(6) (6)2(9) (3)2(12)
+ c (6)2(9) + d + c (9)2(6) + d + c (12)2(3) + d
2 2 2

= -20.025 k # ft

3EI
MN = (u - c) + (FEM)N
L N

3EI
M BA = (u - 0) + 6.675
9 B

3EI
M BC = (u - 0) - 20.025
15 B

M BA - M BC = 0

3EI 3EI
u + 6.675 + (u ) - 20.025 = 0
9 B 15 B

25.03
uB =
EI

3EI 25.03
M BA = a b + 6.675 = 15.02 k # ft
9 EI

3EI 25.03
M BC = a b - 20.025 = - 15.02 k # ft
15 EI

580
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

11–1P. Continued

a + M A = 0; - 15.02 + 2.225(3) + 2.225(6) + 1.250(9) - A y (9) = 0

A y = 1.806 k

+ c Fy = 0; 1.806 - 1.250 - 2.225(2) + VB L = 0

VB L = 3.894 k

a + M B = 0; Cx (15) - 2.225(3) - 2.225(6) - 2.225(9) - 2.225(12) - 1.250(15) + 15.019 = 0

Cy = 4.699 k

+ c Fy = 0; V B R - 4(2.225) - 1.250 + 4.699 = 0

V B R = 5.45 k

M max = 14.0 k # ft Ans.

581
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to think about. My stepmother has a very jolly time, and father
doesn’t come home very much when we are in London; and in the
autumn we have a lot of people in the house—Emmy rents a place in
Hampshire.”
“Then your father isn’t a lord?”
“No; Uncle Basil is.”
The lord in the family was the only redeeming feature of this sordid
story; he gave it one fiery touch of the picturesque. Suddenly she
forgot her disappointment, and patted Cecil’s scratched and grimy
fingers.
“You haven’t been a bit happy, like other little boys, have you?” she
said, “and you are so kind and good. I’m sorry, and I wish you could
live with memmy and me.”
That Cecil loved sympathy there could be no manner of doubt. He
expanded at once upon the painful subject, consigning the devotion
of his granny, his seven aunts, his stepmother, the kindness of his
uncle, and his unfettered summers, to oblivion. He could not see
Lee’s face in the shadow of the rock, but he felt the tensity of her
mind, concentrated on himself. They forgot their anxious parents, the
dark clinging night, the awful silence, hunger and fatigue. Lee forgot
all but Cecil; Cecil forgot all but himself. When he had exhausted his
resources, Lee cried:
“I’ll always like you better than any one else in the whole world
except memmy! I know I will! I swear I will!”
“Couldn’t you like me better than your mother?” he asked jealously.
Lee hesitated. Her youthful bosom was agitated by conflicting
emotions. Feminine subtlety dictated her answer.
“I can’t tell yet. When I’m a big grown-up person I’ll decide.”
“What’s the use of doing anything by halves? I don’t. I like you better
than anybody.”
“I’ll have to wait,” firmly.
“Oh, very well,” he said crossly. “Of course, if I knew some boys
here, it wouldn’t matter so much.”
“Then if you had boys to play with you wouldn’t love me? Oh, you
unkind cruel boy!”
“No—you know what I mean; I’d like you just the same, but I
shouldn’t need you so much. There’s nothing to get angry about—
Now?— What?— Oh!”
For Lee was weeping bitterly.
Cecil suddenly remembered that he was cold, and hungry, and tired,
and lost. And he was confronted with a scene. What Lee was crying
about he had but a vague idea. For a moment he contemplated a
hug,—on general principles,—but remembered in time that when his
father attempted cajolement his stepmother always wept the louder.
So he remarked with the nervous haste of man when he knows that
he is not rising to the occasion:
“We’ll stay here till morning and then I’ll take your apron off and put it
on the top of a long stick and somebody’ll be sure to see. It’s exactly
like being shipwrecked.”
“I never was shipwrecked,” sobbed Lee; “I’m sure I shouldn’t like it.”
“We’ve had adventures, anyhow, and that’s what you wanted.”
“I don’t like adventures. They’re not very interesting, and I’m all
scratched up, and hungry, and tired.”
“We’ve not been attacked by a bear. You ought to be thankful for
that.”
Lee, who would have been comforted at once by the hug, arose with
dignity, found a soft spot and composed herself to sleep, forlorn and
dejected. Cecil haughtily extended himself where he was. But he,
too, was sensible of a weight on his spirits, which hunger, nor
fatigue, nor cold, nor straits, had rolled there. In a few moments he
took off his jacket and went over to Lee and slipped it under her
head. She whisked about and caught his head in her arms, and they
were fast asleep in an instant.
 CHAPTER VI
LEE awoke first. She remembered at once where she was, and sat
up with a sense of terror she had not experienced in the darkness of
the night. The fog was gone, the sun was well above the horizon.
She and Cecil were alone on a mountain peak so high above the
world that the blue depths of space seemed nigher than the planet
below. The redwood forest at the foot of the mountain looked like
brush; on a glassy pond were hundreds of toy boats; beyond was a
toy city on toy hills. Far to the South another solitary peak lifted itself
into the heavens, dwarfing the mountain ranges about it. Lee
glanced to the left. Nothing there but peak after peak bristling away
into the north, black and rigid with redwoods.
But it was not the stupendous isolation that terrified Lee. It was a
vague menace in the atmosphere about her, an accentuated
stillness. Over the scene was a grey web, so delicate, so
transparent, that it concealed nothing. Lee rubbed her eyes to make
sure it was really there. It might have been the malignant breath of
the evil genius of California. As she gazed, the mist slowly cohered.
It became an almost tangible veil through which San Francisco
looked the phantom of a city long since sunken to the bed of the
Pacific. The sun glared through it like the suspended crater of an
angry volcano. The forests on the mountain all at once seemed
dead. The very air was petrified. The silence was awful, appalling.
Lee caught Cecil by the shoulder and pulled him upright.
“Something terrible is going to happen,” she gasped. “Oh, I wish we
were home! I wish we were home.”
Cecil rubbed his eyes. He barely grasped the meaning of her words.
There was a dull muffled roar, which seemed to spring from the
depths of the planet, a terrible straining and rocking, and the very
heart of the mountain leaped under them.
Cecil saw Lee make a wild dart to the left. Then he was conscious of
nothing but a rapid descent amidst a hideous clatter of rock, and the
sensation that he was sliding from the surface of the earth into
space. Down he went, down, down, with the rumble below and the
roar of loosened earth and rock about him. Inside of him he fancied
he could hear the icicles of his blood rattle against each other. In his
skull was a horrible vacuum.
The slide stopped abruptly. Cecil looked dully about him, wondering
why the still trembling rocks had not ground him to pulp. He
stumbled to his feet mechanically, worked his way beyond the slide,
then climbed toward the cone from which he had been so abruptly
evicted. His knowledge of what he sought was very vague, a primal
instinct. Presently he saw Lee running toward him. Behind her was a
man in the rough garb of a mountaineer.
“It was an earthquake,” cried Lee, as she flung herself into Cecil’s
arms, “and he’s going to take us home.”
 CHAPTER VII
BETWEEN a night of maternal agonies and an earthquake which
wrenched the city to its foundations, Mrs. Tarleton’s spirit was very
nearly shaken out of her frail body.
Mr. Maundrell, after despatching two detectives in search of the
truants, spent the greater part of the night pacing up and down the
upper hall. He called upon Mrs. Tarleton late in the evening, and
assured her that his son was a manly little chap, and would take
good care of Lee. As the night waxed he called again. Miss Hayne
was holding salts to the invalid’s nostrils, and fanning her. Mrs.
Tarleton implored him to remain near her; he was so cool he gave
her a little courage. He consented hastily and retreated. When the
earthquake came he entered Mrs. Tarleton’s room unceremoniously
and stood by her bed, throwing a shawl over her head to protect it
from falling plaster. The chandelier leapt from side to side like a
circus girl at the end of a rope, then came down with a crash which
drew an exhausted shriek from the bed. The wardrobe walked out
into the middle of the room, the pictures sprang from the walls. Mrs.
Tarleton, stifled, flung the shawl from her head. Mr. Maundrell stood,
imperturbable, beside her, a monocle in his eye, critically regarding
the evidences of California’s iniquity. She began to laugh hysterically,
and he fled from the room and begged Miss Hayne—who had
rushed out shrieking—to return.
He went down to his own rooms. It was eight o’clock in the morning.
People in various stages of undress were grouped in the halls
volubly giving their experiences. Not a woman but Mrs. Hayne had a
dress on, not a woman had her hair out of curl-papers. The men had
paused long enough to fling on dressing-gowns and blankets. They
were visibly embarrassed.
Three hours later Mr. Maundrell was in his sitting-room reading an
earthquake “extra.” The door opened and a small boy, with a cold in
his head, dirty, ragged, scratched, and apologetic, entered and
awaited his doom. Mr. Maundrell glanced up. Cecil shivered.
“Go and take a bath,” said his father curtly. “You are positively
sickening. And kindly do not bore me with your adventures. I have
really had as much as I can stand.”
 CHAPTER VIII
LEE went neither to school nor to her meals for a week. She nursed
her mother with the ardour of maternal affection and remorse. For
the first two days Cecil dared not approach that door; it seemed
written large with his misdoings. On the third he knocked timidly,
then put his hands behind him.
Lee opened the door, threw back her head, and half closed her eyes
—to conceal the delight in them.
“Well,” she said freezingly. “I am glad to see you haven’t forgotten all
about me—I am sure I am!”
Cecil attempted no apology. He produced a bag of candy, and an
apple nearly as big as his head.
“I thought you’d like these as you couldn’t go out to get any,” he said
with tact.
Lee almost closed her eyes. She drew back. “You are so kind!” she
said sarcastically.
Cecil must have had great ancestors. He replied never a word. He
stood with both arms outstretched, the tempting offerings well within
the door, and under Lee’s very nose.
Her eyes slowly opened. The corners of her mouth invaded her
cheeks. Her hands rose slowly, fluttered a moment, then closed
firmly over the tributes to her sex.
“Won’t you come in?” she asked graciously.
Cecil promptly closed the door behind him.
“I’m coming every afternoon to take care of your mother,” he
announced.
“The idea of a boy being a nurse,” said Lee disdainfully; but she
brought her lashes together again.
“You go and take a nap. Which medicine does she take next?”
Lee allowed herself to be overborne, and fell asleep. Mrs. Tarleton
opened her eyes suddenly to meet a hypnotic stare. Cecil did
nothing by halves.
Mrs. Tarleton smiled faintly, then put out her hand and patted his.
“You are a good boy, Cecil,” she said.
The good boy reddened haughtily. “I’m not trying to be thought a
milksop,” he remarked.
“Oh, I know, I know! I mean most boys are selfish. I knew you would
bring Lee safely back.”
“I wouldn’t mind if you said you forgave me.”
“I do. I do. Only please don’t do it again.”
He gave her the medicine. She closed her eyes, but he saw that she
did not sleep. Occasionally she frowned and sighed heavily. Finally
she opened her eyes again.
“I wish you were a little older,” she said abruptly.
He sat up very straight. “I’m quite old,” he said thickly. “I’m much
older than Lee.”
“I mean I wish you were really grown and your own master, and as
fond of Lee as you are now. I must die soon; I had hoped to live until
Lee was grown and married, but my will won’t last me much longer. It
is of that I think constantly as I lie here, not of my pain.”
“I’ll marry Lee if you like,” said Cecil obligingly. “I like her very much;
it would suit me jolly well to have her in England.”
Mrs. Tarleton raised herself on her arm. Her thin cheeks fairly
expanded with the colour that flew to them. The boy could see the
fluttering of her exhausted heart.
“Cecil,” she said solemnly, “promise me that you will marry Lee. I am
a good judge of human nature. I know that you would be kind to her.
I know of no one else to leave her to. Promise me.”
“I promise,” said Cecil promptly. But he had an odd sensation that
the room had grown suddenly smaller.
“If I die before you go, take her with you if your father will consent.
She has a little money and will not be a burden. If your father won’t
take her come back for her when you are of age. Remember that
you have given your solemn promise to a dying woman.”
“Yes, ma’am,” said Cecil faintly. He was young and masculine and
unanalytical; but instinct told him that Mrs. Tarleton was unfair, and
he cooled to her, and to the sex through her, for the time being. He
slipped out as Lee awoke.
The next day when he returned, the unpleasant sensations induced
by Mrs. Tarleton had almost vanished. On the fourth day, as he and
Lee were sitting before the fire popping corn—Mrs. Tarleton’s nerves
being under the influence of morphine—Lee remarked with some
asperity:
“I wish you wouldn’t stare at me so.”
“I was just thinking,” he said. “I am going to be your husband, you
know.”
“What?” Lee dropped the popper into the fire. Her head went back,
her nostrils out. “Who said you were, I’d like to know? I didn’t.”
“Your mother asked me to marry you, and I said I would. So I’m
going to.”
The American girl arose in her wrath, and stamped her foot.
“The very idea! Try it, will you? The idea, the idea of saying you’re
going to marry a girl just ’cause you want to!—without asking her! I
just won’t marry you—so there!”
Young Maundrell rose to his feet, plunged his hands into his pockets
and regarded her with angry perplexity. He knew what he would
have done had she been a boy; he would have thrashed her. But a
girl was a deeper problem than earthquakes. He descended to
diplomacy.
“Of course I’ll ask you if you prefer it that way.”
“You just bet your life I do.”
“Well—” He got very red and trembled all over. He threw his weight
first on one foot and then on the other. His nails clawed at his
trousers pockets.
“Well?”
“Oh—ah—that is—you can marry me, if you like— Oh, hang it, Lee! I
don’t know how to propose. I feel like a rotter.”
“That isn’t the way,” said Lee icily. She hastily reviewed her glimpses
of standard works.
“You must go down on your knees,” she added.
“I’d see myself dead sooner,” cried Cecil.
“You must.”
“I won’t.”
“Then I won’t marry you.”
“I don’t care whether you do or not.”
“But you promised!”
“I’m not going to be an ass if I did.”
Said Lee sweetly: “I don’t much care about the going down on the
knees part. I’m afraid I’d laugh. Just say, ‘Will you marry me?’”
He sulkily repeated the formula.
“Now we’re engaged,” said Lee complacently; “and the popper’s
burnt up. But we’ve got a lot popped, and I’ll make a syrup and stick
some together into a nice ball for you. It’s lovely to eat when you’re
in bed.” She leaned forward and adjusted his agitated necktie. “You
look as if you just owned the whole world when you get mad,” she
said.
And the male ate his sweets and was pacified.
 CHAPTER IX
THE tide in Mrs. Tarleton rose once more; on Monday she was able
to sit up, and Cecil took Lee for a walk; but returned betimes, having
received a brief parental admonition that if he did not, he’d be caned.
After that, they explored Market Street every afternoon, and on
Sunday trotted off to church together.
On the following afternoon, as Lee was walking down the hill from
school, she saw an excited group of boys in the street, before the
side entrance of Mrs. Hayne’s boarding-house. As she approached,
she inferred that two were fighting, as some eight or ten others were
cheering and betting.
Lee raised herself on tiptoe and looked over the shoulder of a short
boy. The belligerents were Bertie Reynolds and Cecil Maundrell. Her
first impulse was to scream—an impulse which she quickly
repressed. Her second was to cheer Cecil. This she also repressed,
remembering that she was a girl, or, as her mother would have put it,
a Southerner.
She mounted a box and watched the battle, her hands clenched, her
eyes blazing, her heart sick; for her Cecil was getting the worst of it.
He looked as sturdy as a little oak, and he planted his blows
scientifically; but his antagonist was twice his size, lean and wiry,
and full of nervous fire. Moreover, the surrounding influences were
all for the American: Cecil was not only English, but he had snubbed
these boys of Mrs. Hayne’s boarding-house for three consecutive
weeks. Vengeance had been in the air for some time.
The boys fought like young savages. Their faces made Lee shudder
and ponder. But that impression passed, for there was worse to
come. Cecil got a huge lump over his right eye. Cecil got a damaged
nose. Cecil’s immaculate shirt turned an angry scarlet. Cecil got a
blow under his jaw, and went down.
Then was Lee’s opportunity. She leaped from the box, straight into
the ring—which was giving unearthly cat-calls—and took Cecil’s
head in her arms.
“You just help me carry him inside, you horrid, hateful bully,” she
commanded young Reynolds. “Take his feet—there!”
The national instinct prompted obedience, and Cecil was safely
deposited on the lower step of the side entrance, Reynolds retiring in
haste before the concentrated fury in Lee’s eyes and teeth and nails.
She gathered Cecil into her bosom, and wept bitterly.
“I say!” murmured the wounded hero. “Don’t cry! I’m all right. I’ve got
a beastly headache, that’s all.”
“Those loathsome boys!” sobbed Lee.
“Well, they know I can fight, if I didn’t beat.” But his voice was thick,
and there was no pride about him anywhere.
Lee’s tears finished, and were succeeded by curiosity.
“What did you fight about?” she asked, drying her eyes on her
ensanguined pinafore.
“They all said the United States licked England twice, and I said it
didn’t. They said I didn’t know history, and I—well, I told them they
were liars, and that Reynolds offered to fight for the crowd, and we
fought.”
“Don’t get excited,” said Lee soothingly. “Do you think you can walk
up to your room? You’ll feel better if you lie down, and I can do a lot
of things for you.”
He got to his feet, climbed wearily to his room, and flung himself on
the bed. Lee was in her element. She sponged him off, and fetched
ice, and bound up his damaged face. She felt his nose to see if it
was broken. It was swelling rapidly, and he shrieked as she prodded
it. Lee wished that she did not feel a disposition to laugh, but her
hero certainly looked funny. When she had bound two compresses
about his face—his upper lip was also cut—she closed the inside
blinds, and sat down beside the bed. It was her duty to go to her
mother, but she was loath to leave her comrade.
“Lee,” said a stifled voice, “pull off my boots.”
Lee rose, hesitated a moment, then removed the boots, and threw
his jacket over his feet. She walked to the window, peered through
the slats, then returned to the bed.
“The United States did lick England,” she said.
Cecil was on his elbow in an instant.
“It did not,” he cried hoarsely. “If you were a boy I’d thrash you.”
“I finished United States history last term. We licked you in the
Revolution and in 1812.”
Cecil was erect on the edge of his bed, glaring at her out of his
attenuated eye, over the rising sun of his nose. “I tell you you didn’t,”
he growled. And his bandages slipped, and his wounds bled.
Lee flung her arms about him in an agony of remorse and pushed
him back among the pillows.
“I’m just horrid,” she sobbed; “I don’t know why I said that.” And once
more she bathed and bound him.
“Lee,” whispered a weary voice. “Say that you didn’t lick us.”
Lee gave him a little hug. “Of course not,” she said, as to a sick child;
“of course not.”
 CHAPTER X
IT was something over a week later that Lee awoke suddenly in the
night and sat erect, with stiffened muscles. Her skin was chilled as if
her sleeping body had been caught in a current of night air. A taper
burned in a cup of oil. She glanced towards the door. It was closed.
Her cot was in a corner, out of the reach of window draughts. Her
shoulders approached each other. Something was certainly wrong,
quite different from the usual routine of night. The taper faintly
illumined the large room over which her expanding eyes roved. A red
light flashed across the wall like a scythe, accompanied by the dull
grumble of the cable car. Everything in the room was as she had
arranged or left it for the night. Even the flannel petticoat Mrs.
Tarleton had been embroidering for her daughter was on the table
where she had dropped it. The needle stood up straight and
focussed a beam of light. It was the same commonplace comfortable
room, with whose every feature Lee was intimate; yet over these
features to-night rested a thin film of something unfamiliar.
Lee gave way to unreasoning terror. “Memmy!” she called,
“memmy!”
Mrs. Tarleton was a light sleeper, but she did not answer.
Lee sprang to the floor and ran towards her mother’s bed. She
paused within a foot of it, her knees jerking. Mrs. Tarleton lay on her
side, her face to the wall, her arm along the counterpane. In both
arm and hand was the same suggestion of unreality, of change, as in
the room.
Lee fled out into the hall and down the stairs to Cecil’s room. His
door was unlocked. He awakened to find himself standing on his
feet, striking out furiously.
“It’s only me,” gasped Lee, who had received a smart blow in the
shoulder. “Something’s the matter with memmy. Come quick.”
“All right, I will. You stay here and I’ll go into father’s room and
dress.”
He lifted Lee to the bed and went into the next room. Mr. Maundrell
entered a moment later and lit the gas. He looked keenly at Lee’s
scared white face, then went out by the hall door. He did not return
for some little time. When he did he met his son and Lee—who was
enveloped in Cecil’s overcoat—ascending the stairs. He turned them
back.
“Mrs. and Miss Hayne are with your mother,” he said. “Get into
Cecil’s bed and go to sleep. I will take him in with me.”
“I never leave memmy to other people,” faltered Lee; and then she
put her hands to her ears, and shuddered, and crouched against
Cecil. “I can’t sleep,” she gasped. “Don’t leave me alone.”
“Very well,” said Mr. Maundrell hastily. “You go into the sitting-room,
both of you. Cecil, you had better make her a cup of tea.”
Cecil half carried Lee into the sitting-room, put her on the sofa, lit all
the burners, and fell to making tea with nervous fingers and every
sign of deep embarrassment. When he had finished he walked
rapidly over to Lee, jerked her upright, and held the cup to her lips.
“Drink it!” he said in his most peremptory manner. Lee gulped it
down. Cecil returned to the table, drank a large measure, then went
back to Lee and put his arms about her.
“Now,” he said with an effort which brought his brows together and
sent the blood to his hair, “you can cry if you like.”
Lee promptly buried her head in his bosom and wept wildly, with
abrupt and terrible insight. Cecil could think of nothing to say, but he
gathered her in and gave her little spasmodic hugs. He felt very
much like crying himself, and at the same time wished with all his
heart that it were three days later. He concluded that a girl must get
all cried out in that time.
 CHAPTER XI
ALL of Mrs. Tarleton’s old friends sent flowers, and many of them
attended the funeral service, which took place in the death chamber.
Mrs. Hayne had decided that a church funeral would be too
expensive, and her boarders would have objected to the association
of a coffin with the back parlour. Lee, holding Cecil’s hand tightly, sat
in a corner, looking smaller and darker than ever in her black frock,
the novelty of which had mitigated her grief for the moment. All of the
ladies kissed her and told her that she must be sure to come to see
them; and Mrs. Montgomery, who had just returned from Europe,
and was very much agitated, asked her to come home with her at
once. But Lee only shook her head. She and Cecil had other plans.
Her cot was taken into Miss Hayne’s room and she went to school as
usual. Her grief waxed rather than waned, and she stooped so that
Mrs. Hayne put her into braces, which confirmed her gloomy views
of life. But her woman’s instincts were very keen, and she knew that
if she was to have the solace of Cecil’s companionship, she must
reserve her tears for solitude. He was very kind, and informed her
that he loved her the better because she had such a jolly lot of grit
and kept her back up (Lee had not mentioned the braces), and that
his father—who hated Americans—had condescended to say that
Lee was a jolly little thing, and had more character and good sense
at the age of eleven than his own selection had accumulated in five-
and-thirty years.
She and Cecil took many long walks, and rode back and forth on the
Oakland and Sausalito boats, munching molasses candy; Cecil was
rapidly falling a victim to the national vice. One day the father and
son took her to the country on a fishing expedition. It was a very long
day, and it was very hot. She sat on the bank and watched the
others fish. Their concentration amounted to genius, and except at
luncheon, which she prepared, they never addressed a word to her.
She had never seen Mr. Maundrell look so happy, and as for Cecil,
his hazel eyes sparkled like champagne. In spite of the blue sky, the
warm sunshine, the beautiful depths of the redwood forest, the
singing stream, she felt lonely and depressed, and went home with a
sun-burned nose, and a heart full of those obscure forebodings
which assail woman when man forgets the lesson of civilisation and
pays a brief and joyous visit to the plane of his sovereign ancestors.
 CHAPTER XII
IT was about a month after Mrs. Tarleton’s death that Cecil kicked
Lee under the breakfast-table and jerked his eyebrows at his father,
who sat opposite. Mr. Maundrell was reading his English mail. His
pale face was flushed. His impassive features threatened a change
of expression.
That afternoon, as Lee was returning from school, Cecil met her half-
way up the hill.
“My uncle Basil and the little chap are dead, and father’s the heir,” he
announced.
“Is he a lord?” cried Lee, with bated breath.
“Yes.”
Lee’s eyes danced. Romance revived. Care fled.
“A duke?”
“No, an earl.”
“Earl’s much prettier than duke. I mean a prettier word.”
“He’s got a title of course. He’s Lord Barnstaple.”
“That’s not so pretty.”
“I——” Cecil thrust his hands into his pockets and turned very red. “I
don’t mind telling you—I’ve got a title too—what they call a courtesy
title. You see my father’s the Earl of Barnstaple and Viscount
Maundrell. So I’m Lord Maundrell. I shouldn’t think of mentioning it to
any one else,” he added hastily.
“Cecil!” Lee waved her arms wildly and danced up and down. “I
never heard of anything so lovely. I feel exactly as if we were inside
Scott or Shakespeare or something. Shall you wear a crown and an
ermine robe?”
“I’m not a king,” said Cecil loftily. “Talk about my not knowing
anything about United States history! You Americans are so funny.
Fancy you caring so much about such things.” His tone was almost
his father’s upon occasion.
“Why not? The idea! I think it’s perfectly romantic and lovely to be
lords and ladies. Whole shelves full of books have been written
about them—the standard works of fiction, that everybody reads.
And plays, and ballads, and poems, and pictures too! I’ve often
heard my mother talk about it, and I used to read the descriptions out
loud to her in the winter—she said it would form my taste for elegant
literature. I could just see the whole thing—the kings and dukes, and
the beautiful processions, and the castles and tournaments, and
princesses and falcons. Oh my! Of course I care. I’d be a silly little
ninny if I didn’t care. I just wish I’d been born like all that. I’m sure
there’s nothing very romantic about San Francisco—particularly
Market Street.”
“Well,” said Cecil, bringing down his eyebrows and consenting to
establish himself at Lee’s view-point. “You’re going to be ‘like that.’
You’re going to marry me.”
Lee stopped short, her mouth open. “So I am,” she gasped. “So I
am. Could we be married right off, do you think?”
Cecil dropped his head and shook it gloomily. “I had a talk with father
to-day;” he shivered as he recalled that conversation; “and he says
he won’t take you back with us; that he likes you well enough, but
one American in the family is as much as he can stand—and, oh, a
lot of rot. We’ll have to wait till I grow up, and then I’ll come back for
you, or perhaps some one will bring you over.”
They entered the side door of the boarding-house. Cecil pulled Lee
down beside him on the stair.
“Oh, Lee,” he said in a high falsetto, “we’re going to-morrow. And I
hate to go away and leave you. I do! I do!”
“Going to-morrow!” gasped Lee, “and without me!” She burst into a
storm of tears, and Cecil forgot his manly pride and wept too.
“I wish I were grown,” sobbed Cecil. “And I won’t be for years. I’ve
got to finish at Eton, and then I’ve got to go to Oxford. I’m only fifteen
and one month. I won’t be my own master for six years, and I won’t