1000-Article Text-2480-1-10-20240407

International Medical Science Research Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2024
OPEN ACCESS
International Medical Science Research Journal
P-ISSN: 2707-3394, E-ISSN: 2707-3408
Volume 4, Issue 4, P.No.420-440, April 2024
DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i4.1000
Fair East Publishers
Journal Homepage: www.fepbl.com/index.php/imsrj
REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF HEALTH INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT
EFFICIENCY
Chioma Anthonia Okolo1, Scholastica Ijeh2, Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun3,
Adekunle Oyeyemi Adeniyi4, & Olufunke Omotayo5
1
Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
2
Independent Researcher, Ottawa, Canada
3
Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited, Lagos, Nigeria
4
United Nations Population Fund, Sri Lanka
5
Independent Researcher, Alberta, Canada
___________________________________________________________________________
Corresponding Author: Scholastica Ijeh
Corresponding Author Email: scholaijeh@yahoo.com
Article Received: 16-01-24 Accepted:10-03-24 Published: 08-04-24
Licensing Details: Author retains the right of this article. The article is distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License
(http://www.creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial use,
reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is
attributed as specified on the Journal open access page.
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
This research paper explores the intricate relationship between Health Information Technology
(HIT) and healthcare management efficiency, investigating current trends, emerging
technologies, and their potential implications. The study encompasses a thorough literature
review, highlighting the impact of HIT on operational and clinical aspects of healthcare
delivery. Key findings reveal the transformative role of technology in streamlining
administrative processes, improving communication, and enhancing overall patient care.
Ethical considerations, patient privacy, and regulation compliance are crucial factors in
successfully implementing HIT. Looking towards the future, the paper anticipates the
integration of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and the
Internet of Things, signalling a paradigm shift in healthcare management. While acknowledging
the potential benefits, the research also underscores the importance of ethical frameworks,
Okolo, Ijeh, Arowoogun, Adeniyi, & Omotayo, P.No. 420-440 Page 420
transparency, and user-centred design in adopting these technologies. The study concludes with
reflections on the limitations of the research, suggesting avenues for future exploration.
Recommendations emphasize the need for ongoing research, longitudinal studies, and a global
perspective to ensure healthcare organizations effectively leverage technology while
maintaining ethical standards. The findings of this research carry implications for healthcare
practitioners, policymakers, and technology innovators, encouraging a strategic and ethical
approach to the ever-evolving landscape of health information technology.
Keywords: Health Information Technology, Healthcare Management Efficiency, Emerging
Technologies, Ethical Considerations, Patient Privacy.
___________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare, as a dynamic and ever-evolving field, stands at the crossroads of technological
advancement and the imperative for improved efficiency in management. Integrating Health
Information Technology (HIT) into healthcare systems has been a transformative force,
promising to reshape the landscape of healthcare management, streamline processes, and
ultimately enhance the quality of patient care (Buntin, Burke, Hoaglin, & Blumenthal, 2011;
Shekelle, Morton, & Keeler, 2006). This research endeavours to critically examine the impact
of HIT on healthcare management efficiency, delving into the multifaceted dimensions of this
intersection and shedding light on its implications for the broader healthcare ecosystem.
Omotayo et al. (2024) emphasize the lessons from COVID-19, highlighting the indispensable
role of Health Information Technology (HIT) in pandemic management and future healthcare
preparedness. Through rapid data sharing and analysis, HIT has proven critical in tracking
disease spread, managing resources, and coordinating global health responses, underlining its
significance in addressing contemporary and future healthcare challenges.
Historically, healthcare has been characterized by its complex and often fragmented nature,
with myriad challenges stemming from paper-based record-keeping, inefficient communication
channels, and disparate systems that hinder seamless coordination among healthcare
professionals. The advent of Health Information Technology, marked by the digitization of
health records, communication tools, and analytical platforms, emerged as a response to these
challenges. The rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) underscores the critical role of
Health Information Technology (HIT) in managing these global health challenges. By
facilitating early detection, personalized treatments, and preventive measures through advanced
analytics, HIT significantly contributes to improving healthcare efficiency and public health
outcomes (Omotayo et al., 2024). The push towards electronic health records (EHRs),
telehealth, and data-driven decision-making became the vanguard of a technological revolution
promising to enhance healthcare management in unprecedented ways (Agha, 2014; Lee,
McCullough, & Town, 2013). Despite the promising potential of HIT, the healthcare sector
faces many challenges that impede its effective implementation and integration. Issues of
interoperability, data security, and resistance to technological change pose formidable hurdles.
Moreover, the ethical and legal implications of handling sensitive patient information in the
digital realm require careful consideration. As we navigate this intricate landscape, it becomes
imperative to assess the benefits of HIT and the barriers and nuances that define its impact on
healthcare management efficiency. Jane Osareme et al. (2024) explore the demographic shifts
towards aging populations, highlighting the systemic challenges this poses for healthcare
systems. They underline the crucial role of Health Information Technology (HIT) in adapting
to these changes, through enhancing patient care for the elderly and improving healthcare
delivery to meet the increasing demand from aging populations.
This research seeks to unravel the intricate relationship between Health Information
Technology and healthcare management efficiency, scrutinizing the extent to which HIT has
fulfilled its promises and identifying areas where further improvements are necessary. By
examining the various dimensions of HIT implementation, from administrative processes to
clinical workflows, this study aims to contribute valuable insights that can inform future
strategies for optimizing HIT use in healthcare management. The significance of this research
lies in its potential to inform healthcare stakeholders, including administrators, policymakers,
healthcare professionals, and technology developers, about the tangible impacts of HIT on the
efficiency of healthcare management. As the global healthcare landscape grapples with an
ageing population, rising healthcare costs, and the ongoing challenges presented by pandemics,
understanding the role and impact of technology becomes paramount. This study addresses the
current state of HIT implementation. It provides a foundation for anticipating and navigating
future trends in healthcare management.
To guide this exploration, the following research questions will be addressed:
i. How does the integration of Health Information Technology impact the operational
efficiency of healthcare management?
ii. In what ways does Health Information Technology enhance clinical efficiency in
healthcare settings?
iii. What are the organizational change and adoption challenges associated with
implementing Health Information Technology in healthcare management?
iv. What are the regulatory and ethical considerations in using Health Information
Technology, and how do they influence healthcare management?
In seeking answers to these questions, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse
surrounding the intersection of technology and healthcare management, fostering a deeper
understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by integrating health information
technology.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Overview of HIT in Healthcare
Health Information Technology has emerged as a cornerstone in the ongoing transformation of
the healthcare sector, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges. At its core, HIT
encompasses a broad spectrum of technologies, tools, and systems designed to store, manage,
transmit, and analyze health information (Alolayyan, Alyahya, Alalawin, Shoukat, & Nusairat,
2020; Kaplan, 2020). This includes but is not limited to Electronic Health Records (EHRs),
telehealth platforms, health information exchange systems, decision support tools, and various
data analytics applications. The overarching goal of HIT is to enhance the quality, safety, and
efficiency of healthcare delivery by facilitating the seamless flow of information among
healthcare stakeholders.
The integration of HIT into healthcare processes marks a departure from traditional paper-based
record-keeping towards a digital ecosystem that promises to streamline operations, improve
communication, and empower healthcare professionals with data-driven insights. As healthcare
organizations worldwide increasingly adopt HIT, its impact on healthcare management

efficiency becomes a focal point of scholarly investigation.
Historical Development of HIT
As we delve deeper into the historical development of Health Information Technology (HIT),
it becomes evident that its evolution is closely tied to technological advancements, regulatory
measures, and the ever-growing need for efficient healthcare management. Following the
introduction of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in the 1960s, the healthcare sector
gradually shifted towards digitization. EMRs allow for the electronic storage of patient data,
enabling healthcare professionals to access and update records more efficiently than traditional
paper-based systems (Aarts, 2023; Koopman et al., 2021). However, widespread adoption
remained a challenge, and it was not until the late 20th century that HIT gained significant
momentum.
The turning point came with enacting the Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in the United States in 2009 (Kadakia, Howell, & DeSalvo,
2021; Modi & Feldman, 2022). This legislation was a part of the broader American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act. It aimed to promote the meaningful use of Electronic Health Records
(EHRs). One of the critical features of the HITECH Act was the provision of substantial
financial incentives to healthcare providers who adopted and demonstrated meaningful use of
certified EHR technology (Lite, Gordon, & Stern, 2020; Yuan, Li, & Wu, 2021). The HITECH
Act profoundly impacted healthcare, encouraging a widespread transition from paper-based
records to electronic systems (Deglow, 2021). The incentives provided a strong impetus for
hospitals and clinics to invest in EHRs, leading to increased interoperability, improved patient
care, and enhanced data security.
Internationally, various countries embarked on similar journeys to integrate HIT into their
healthcare systems. Governments and health organizations recognized the potential of
technology in improving patient outcomes, reducing medical errors, and streamlining
administrative processes. Initiatives and policies were implemented to encourage the adoption
of HIT on a global scale. As the 21st century progressed, the scope of HIT expanded beyond
EHRs. Telehealth technologies emerged as a significant component, allowing remote patient
monitoring, virtual consultations, and telemedicine services. This became particularly crucial
during global health crises, as seen in the increased reliance on telehealth during the COVID-
19 pandemic (Carter et al., 2022; Si et al., 2021).
Health analytics also gained prominence, utilizing data-driven insights to enhance clinical
decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and improve population health management.
Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning began to play a role
in predictive analytics, personalized medicine, and identifying patterns that could inform
preventive measures. The continuous development of HIT reflects an ongoing effort to leverage
technology for the betterment of healthcare. While challenges such as data privacy,
interoperability, and cybersecurity persist, the historical trajectory of HIT demonstrates its
transformative potential in shaping the future of healthcare delivery on a global scale. As
innovation continues to drive the field forward, integrating emerging technologies and refining
existing systems will further contribute to the evolution of Health Information Technology
(Javed et al., 2022).
Previous Studies on the Impact of HIT on Healthcare Management Efficiency

Numerous studies have investigated the impact of health information technology on various
aspects of healthcare management efficiency. One recurrent theme in the literature is the
positive influence of HIT on operational efficiency. For instance, a study by Buntin et al. (2011)
found that adopting EHRs is associated with improved administrative and clinical processes,
leading to increased efficiency in healthcare delivery.
Additionally, studies have explored the impact of specific HIT applications on healthcare
management. Telehealth, for instance, has been examined for its role in reducing hospital
readmissions and improving patient outcomes (Deasfernandes, 2020; Zhao et al., 2022).
Decision support systems, another facet of HIT, have been shown to enhance clinical decision-
making, contributing to more efficient and informed healthcare management. However, it is
essential to note that the impact of HIT is multifaceted and context-dependent. A study by
Cresswell and Sheikh (2013) emphasized the importance of organizational factors and the need
for comprehensive strategies to realize the benefits of HIT fully. The literature reflects a
nuanced understanding that successful integration requires more than just adopting technology;
it necessitates a cultural shift and strategic alignment with organizational goals.
Efficiency in healthcare management is a multifaceted concept, and HIT is pivotal in enhancing
various dimensions of operational effectiveness. Firstly, operational efficiency is significantly
improved by implementing HIT, which streamlines administrative processes like appointment
scheduling, billing, and inventory management. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) automate
record-keeping, reducing reliance on paper and minimizing errors associated with manual data
entry. Regarding clinical efficiency, HIT tools such as EHRs and decision support systems
contribute to streamlined workflows. These tools provide healthcare professionals with quick
access to comprehensive patient data at the point of care, facilitating informed decision-making
and improving patient outcomes (Zhivan & Diana, 2012). The third dimension, communication
efficiency, is also positively impacted by HIT. These tools enable seamless communication
among healthcare professionals, reducing delays in information transfer. Telehealth platforms,
for instance, facilitate remote consultations, enhancing accessibility and diminishing the need
for in-person visits. Lastly, integrating health analytics and data-driven insights into healthcare
management promotes data-driven decision-making. This allows healthcare managers to
identify trends, allocate resources efficiently, and implement evidence-based strategies for
improved patient care, thus advancing the overall efficiency of healthcare systems (Mahoney,
2020; Tsiouris et al., 2020; Walker & Carayon, 2009).
Despite the valuable insights provided by existing literature on the impact of HIT on healthcare
management efficiency, several critical gaps and avenues for further exploration persist. One
major challenge lies in interoperability, where, despite the widespread adoption of HIT, issues
persist in ensuring seamless information exchange between different systems. The realization
of HIT's full potential is contingent upon overcoming these interoperability barriers, and
ongoing research is essential to explore and propose practical solutions (Adebesin, Kotze,
Foster, & Van Greunen, 2013; Holmgren, Esdar, Hüsers, & Coutinho-Almeida, 2023).
Another significant gap in the current body of knowledge pertains to the long-term
sustainability of HIT initiatives. Many studies predominantly focus on short-term impacts,
leaving an important question unanswered regarding the durability of efficiency gains over an
extended period. Research in this domain should delve into factors such as technology
obsolescence and the evolving landscapes of healthcare to provide a comprehensive

understanding of the long-term viability of HIT solutions. Organizational culture and change
management are critical aspects that warrant deeper exploration in the context of HIT adoption.
While some studies briefly touch upon the organizational factors influencing HIT
implementation, a more in-depth analysis is needed. Understanding the role of organizational
culture in shaping attitudes toward technological change and identifying effective change
management strategies is crucial for achieving sustained success in healthcare settings (Ash,
1997; Wang, Wang, & Moczygemba, 2014).
Furthermore, the existing literature tends to primarily focus on the impact of HIT on internal
processes, often overlooking its broader implications for patient-centric outcomes. Future
research could address this gap by exploring how HIT influences patient satisfaction,
engagement, and overall experiences with healthcare services. Understanding the relationship
between HIT and patient outcomes is essential for shaping healthcare systems that improve
operational efficiency and enhance the overall quality of care and patient experience. In
conclusion, addressing these gaps will contribute to a more comprehensive and nuanced
understanding of the role of HIT in healthcare management efficiency.
Role of Health Information Technology in Healthcare Management
Healthcare management involves coordinating and administrating healthcare services to ensure
the efficient delivery of quality care. It encompasses a spectrum of activities, including strategic
planning, financial management, human resources, and the optimization of operational
processes. Effective healthcare management is paramount for delivering timely, safe, patient-
centered care in a complex and dynamic healthcare environment.
Integration of HIT in Healthcare Management
The integration of HIT into healthcare management represents a transformative leap, ushering
in a new era marked by efficiency, transparency, and data-driven decision-making. This
integration fundamentally revolves around deploying digital tools and systems to collect, store,
manage, and exchange health information, aiming to revolutionize administrative processes,
communication among healthcare professionals, and decision-making through data analytics.
A cornerstone of this integration is the widespread adoption of Electronic Health Records
(EHRs). EHRs play a pivotal role by consolidating patient information into digital digital
formats, including medical history, medications, diagnoses, and treatment plans. This departure
from traditional paper-based records mitigates the risks of manual record-keeping errors. It
introduces real-time access to critical patient data. This real-time accessibility enhances clinical
workflows, contributing to a significant improvement in overall healthcare management
efficiency (Cowie et al., 2017).
Beyond the realm of EHRs, the integration of HIT extends to various other technologies,
including telehealth platforms, decision support systems, health information exchange (HIE)
networks, and a spectrum of analytical tools. Collectively, these technologies create a more
interconnected and data-centric healthcare ecosystem. Telehealth platforms, for example,
enable remote consultations, fostering accessibility to healthcare services and reducing the
strain on physical healthcare infrastructure. Decision support systems leverage algorithms and
data analytics to guide healthcare professionals in making informed decisions, spanning clinical
and managerial domains. Health Information Exchange networks facilitate seamless sharing of
patient information across different healthcare entities, enhancing care coordination for patients
under the care of multiple providers. Analytical tools, encompassing data analytics and health
informatics, empower healthcare managers to derive actionable insights from vast datasets,
enabling informed decision-making, resource optimization, and operational improvements.
Specific Technologies and Tools Used in Healthcare Management
Several specific technologies and tools play integral roles in modern healthcare management.
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are comprehensive digital repositories that securely store
patient information and enable seamless data sharing among healthcare providers (Matos,
Pardal, Adao, Silva, & Correia, 2018). This not only ensures continuity of care but also
minimizes the duplication of tests and procedures. Telehealth and Telemedicine technologies
have revolutionized healthcare delivery by facilitating remote patient consultations, monitoring,
and the exchange of health information over digital platforms. This enhances accessibility to
healthcare services while alleviating the burden on physical infrastructure. Decision Support
Systems leverage algorithms and data analytics to aid healthcare professionals in making
informed clinical and managerial decisions, contributing to improved decision-making across
various aspects of healthcare management. Health Information Exchange (HIE) Networks
enable the seamless sharing of patient information between diverse healthcare organizations,
fostering interoperability and enhancing care coordination, especially for patients receiving
treatment from multiple providers (Kaelber & Bates, 2007; Rudin, Motala, Goldzweig, &
Shekelle, 2014). Finally, integrating Data Analytics and Health Informatics tools empowers
healthcare managers to derive valuable insights from extensive datasets. Predictive analytics,
for instance, enables forecasting patient trends, optimizing resource allocation, and identifying
areas for operational improvement, thus playing a crucial role in advancing healthcare
management practices (Coorevits et al., 2013; Shah & Khan, 2020).
Benefits of Implementing HIT in Healthcare Management
Implementing HIT in healthcare management brings many benefits, positively impacting
operational and clinical dimensions. One significant advantage is the improvement of overall
efficiency, as HIT automates routine administrative tasks, reduces paperwork, and streamlines
processes. This enhanced efficiency extends to clinical workflows, allowing healthcare
professionals to dedicate more time to patient care and less to administrative burdens.
Additionally, HIT fosters enhanced communication among healthcare professionals through
digital platforms and tools. Telehealth, a vital component of HIT, facilitates virtual
consultations, ensuring timely communication between patients and providers, especially in
remote or underserved areas.
Another crucial benefit is the increased accuracy and accessibility of patient data facilitated by
Electronic Health Records (EHRs). This minimizes the risk of errors associated with manual
record-keeping, enabling timely decision-making and coordinated care. Furthermore, HIT
empowers patients by providing access to their health information, fostering engagement and
shared decision-making. Patient portals within EHRs, for instance, allow individuals to view
test results, schedule appointments, and communicate with their healthcare providers,
promoting a more patient-centric approach to care. HIT plays a pivotal role in clinical decision-
making through decision support systems. These systems assist healthcare professionals in
making evidence-based decisions, from diagnostics to treatment plans, thereby enhancing the
quality of care by providing relevant and up-to-date information. In summary, implementing
HIT in healthcare management brings a transformative shift, offering improved efficiency,
communication, data accuracy, patient engagement, and support for evidence-based clinical
decisions. These benefits provide a more streamlined, patient-centred, and effective healthcare
system.
Moreover, integrating Health Information Technology (HIT) plays a crucial role in addressing
global nutrition challenges, as highlighted by Muonde et al. (2024). By leveraging HIT,
healthcare providers can access and analyze dietary data, facilitating personalized nutrition
plans and interventions. This not only enhances patient care but also contributes to the broader
public health efforts in combating dietary risks. The capability of HIT to support such targeted
interventions further exemplifies its value in adapting to and addressing specific health issues
within the healthcare management system.
Challenges of Implementing HIT in Healthcare Management
Despite the substantial benefits of implementing Health Information Technology in healthcare
management, several challenges exist, necessitating careful consideration and strategic
planning. First and foremost, interoperability issues present a significant hurdle as
incompatibility between different HIT systems and the absence of standardized data formats
hinder seamless information exchange (Gabriel, Jones, Samy, & King, 2014). Achieving
interoperability is paramount for realizing the full potential of HIT in optimizing healthcare
management. Financial barriers also pose challenges, with significant initial investment and
ongoing maintenance costs associated with implementing HIT systems. Smaller healthcare
facilities and those in resource-constrained settings may find these costs prohibitive, impeding
the widespread adoption of HIT (Gabriel et al., 2014).
Resistance to change is another notable challenge, as transitioning from traditional to digital
healthcare management practices often faces resistance from healthcare professionals
accustomed to established workflows. Effective change management strategies are essential to
overcoming this resistance and ensuring the successful implementation of HIT. Data security
and privacy concerns also constitute a critical challenge, given that HIT involves storing and
exchanging sensitive patient information. Ensuring compliance with regulations and
implementing robust security measures are imperative for building trust in HIT systems
(Bansler & Havn, 2010).
Moreover, the successful adoption of HIT relies heavily on a well-trained and digitally literate
workforce. Inadequate training programs can hinder the effective use of HIT tools, impacting
efficiency and the quality of care. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach,
encompassing technical solutions, organizational strategies, and a focus on training and cultural
change to navigate the complexities associated with HIT implementation in healthcare
management. Healthcare organizations must adopt a strategic and holistic approach to HIT
implementation in navigating these challenges. Addressing interoperability issues, investing in
cybersecurity measures, and fostering a culture of continuous learning can contribute to the
successful integration of HIT into healthcare management, maximizing its potential benefits.
As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the role of HIT in healthcare management will
remain pivotal, shaping the future of efficient and patient-centric healthcare delivery.
Incorporating insights from Olorunsogo et al. (2024), the implementation of Health Information
Technology (HIT) in healthcare management can benefit significantly from the application of
advanced epidemiological statistical methods. Such methods enable more effective public
health studies and data analysis, offering nuanced insights into healthcare trends and outcomes
in different regions, including the USA and Africa.
Impact on Operational Efficiency and Clinical Efficiency
Impact on Operational Efficiency in Healthcare Management
Operational efficiency is a fundamental aspect of healthcare management, with direct
implications for the quality of patient care and the overall effectiveness of healthcare
organizations. Integrating Health Information Technology (HIT) has ushered in transformative
changes, significantly influencing operational efficiency across various dimensions.
One key area where HIT plays a pivotal role is in streamlining administrative processes within
healthcare organizations. Traditionally, administrative tasks were paper-based, time-
consuming, and prone to errors. Implementing electronic solutions, such as Electronic Health
Records (EHRs), has automated and simplified numerous administrative functions.
Appointment scheduling, billing, and inventory management are now streamlined, reducing the
administrative burden on healthcare professionals (Cogin, Ng, & Lee, 2016). A study conducted
by Furukawa et al. (2014) demonstrated that hospitals with advanced EHR functionalities
exhibited higher administrative efficiency levels, reduced billing errors, faster processing of
insurance claims, and improved financial management.
Effective communication among healthcare professionals is crucial for coordinated and patient-
centered care. HIT facilitates enhanced communication by providing a secure and instant
information exchange platform. EHRs enable healthcare providers to access real-time patient
data, share updates, and collaborate seamlessly, irrespective of geographical location (Virtue,
Chaussalet, & Kelly, 2013). A case study at the Mayo Clinic showcased the positive impact of
HIT on communication, resulting in improved communication between physicians, nurses, and
support staff, reducing communication errors, faster response times, and ultimately contributing
to more efficient patient care (Leviss, 2019; Torres, 2015).
Another significant advantage of HIT is the improvement in data accuracy and accessibility.
EHRs centralize patient information, reducing the risk of errors associated with manual record-
keeping. The availability of accurate and up-to-date patient data at the point of care enhances
clinical decision-making. It contributes to a more efficient healthcare management system. A
study by Jindal and Raziuddin (2018)demonstrated that EHRs significantly reduced the
likelihood of medical errors related to incorrect or incomplete patient information, enhancing
patient safety and streamlining processes by minimizing the need for redundant tests and
procedures.
HIT systems reduce errors and enhance patient safety, particularly decision support tools
embedded in EHRs. These tools provide alerts for potential drug interactions, dosage errors,
and evidence-based clinical guidelines. The impact of HIT on patient safety is evident in a study
by Bates et al. (2015), which found that clinical decision support systems within EHRs reduced
medication errors by providing real-time guidance to healthcare professionals. By minimizing
errors, HIT directly contributes to operational efficiency by mitigating the need for corrective
measures and improving overall care quality. In summary, integrating HIT in healthcare
management not only streamlines administrative processes and enhances communication but
also improves data accuracy, reduces errors, and ultimately contributes to healthcare delivery's
overall efficiency and safety.
The following are case studies illustrating the impact on operational efficiency;
a. Geisinger Health System (Epic EHR Implementation): Geisinger Health System's

adoption of the Epic EHR system exemplifies the positive impact of HIT on operational
efficiency. By implementing a comprehensive EHR solution, Geisinger improved patient care
coordination, reduced administrative overhead, and enhanced communication among
healthcare professionals. The streamlined access to patient data contributed to about 20%
reduction in duplicate tests and a notable increase in overall operational efficiency (Carey et al.,
2016; Mallozzi et al., 2020).
b. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Telehealth Implementation): Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
in Los Angeles successfully implemented telehealth solutions to improve operational
efficiency. Through virtual consultations and remote monitoring, they reduced the need for in-
person visits, optimized resource utilization, and increased patient satisfaction. The telehealth
initiative streamlined healthcare delivery, demonstrating how HIT can revolutionize operational
efficiency (Bhattacharyya, Shapiro, & Schneider, 2022).
c. Cleveland Clinic (Health Information Exchange): Cleveland Clinic's utilization of a robust
Health Information Exchange (HIE) system illustrates the impact of improved data
accessibility. The HIE allows seamless sharing of patient information across the healthcare
network, reducing delays in care, minimizing redundant tests, and enhancing overall operational
efficiency. By fostering efficient communication and data exchange, Cleveland Clinic's HIT
implementation has become a benchmark for integrated healthcare management.
Impact on Clinical Efficiency in Healthcare Management
Clinical efficiency, a pivotal component of healthcare management, undergoes significant
transformation through the integration of Health Information Technology (HIT). Various
technological tools contribute to improved patient care, streamlined processes, and more
informed decision-making within clinical workflows.
One of the primary catalysts for enhanced clinical efficiency is the adoption of Electronic Health
Records (EHRs) and their impact on clinical documentation. EHRs revolutionize
documentation by storing comprehensive patient information, including medical history,
diagnoses, medications, and treatment plans, in a centralized and easily accessible format. Real-
time access to patient information empowers healthcare professionals to make quick decisions
during consultations or emergencies, minimizing redundancy in tests and procedures. The
centralized nature of EHRs also fosters better communication among healthcare providers,
promoting coordinated care. A study by Castaneda et al. (2015) demonstrated that the
implementation of EHRs reduced redundant laboratory tests and improved clinical
documentation accuracy, thereby enhancing overall clinical efficiency.
Embedded within EHRs, decision support systems contribute significantly to clinical efficiency
by providing relevant information, alerts, and recommendations during clinical decision-
making. These systems enable evidence-based decision-making, enhance medication safety by
alerting potential drug interactions or dosage errors, and aid in efficient diagnostics by
suggesting relevant tests based on patient data. A study by Samore et al. (2005) showcased the
impact of decision support on antibiotic prescribing, significantly reducing unnecessary
antibiotic prescriptions and promoting judicious use of medications.
Telehealth and remote monitoring technologies have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing
clinical efficiency, especially in remote patient care and chronic disease management.
Telehealth platforms enable virtual consultations, reducing the need for in-person visits and
optimizing healthcare resources. Continuous monitoring of patients with chronic conditions

allows proactive intervention, preventing complications and hospitalizations. Furthermore,
health analytics, involving data analysis tools, supports data-driven decision-making and
improves clinical efficiency. These tools help identify trends, anticipate patient needs, and
allocate resources efficiently (Hayn et al., 2018). Data analytics also facilitates population
health management by identifying at-risk populations and tailoring interventions. Continuous
monitoring of clinical performance metrics enables healthcare organizations to engage in
ongoing quality improvement efforts. In summary, integrating HIT, encompassing EHRs,
decision support systems, telehealth, and health analytics, collectively transforms clinical
workflows, fostering improved patient care and contributing to overall clinical efficiency in
healthcare management (Basile, Carbonara, Pellegrino, & Panniello, 2023).
Examples showcasing improved clinical efficiency:
a. Cleveland Clinic (EHR Implementation): Cleveland Clinic's adoption of an integrated
EHR system has significantly improved clinical efficiency. The seamless access to patient data
has resulted in faster and more accurate diagnoses, reduced waiting times, and enhanced
coordination among healthcare providers.
b. Mayo Clinic (Decision Support Integration): Mayo Clinic's integration of decision support
systems into their EHR exemplifies improved clinical efficiency. The system provides
clinicians with real-time information on best practices, ensuring adherence to evidence-based
guidelines.
c. Partners HealthCare (Telehealth Implementation): Partners HealthCare's implementation
of telehealth services has demonstrated notable improvements in clinical efficiency. Virtual
consultations have reduced patient wait times, increased appointment adherence, and enabled
remote monitoring for chronic conditions.
Organizational Change and Adoption Challenges
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology
While Health Information Technology (HIT) offers numerous benefits, organizations often face
barriers hindering successful adoption. Financial constraints pose a significant challenge, as the
upfront costs associated with acquiring and implementing HIT systems can be substantial.
Smaller healthcare organizations and those with limited resources may struggle to make the
necessary investments. Resistance from healthcare professionals is another hurdle, driven by
concerns about workflow changes, disruptions to established practices, and fears of reduced
autonomy. Interoperability challenges stemming from the lack of standardized data formats and
compatibility issues between different HIT systems can lead to data silos and inefficiencies.
Given the sensitive nature of healthcare data, data security and privacy concerns may also
discourage HIT adoption due to fears of unauthorized access, data breaches, and compliance
challenges. Ogugua et al. (2024) highlight the need for tailored health policies in developing
countries to address unique barriers to HIT adoption, such as infrastructure deficits and policy
gaps. Strategic reforms and investments are crucial for enabling HIT implementation, thereby
improving healthcare efficiency and access. Additionally, limited digital literacy among
healthcare professionals can impede adoption, as insufficient training and a lack of digital
literacy may result in suboptimal use of new technologies (AFOLABI, DANLADI, &
ILUGBUSI, 2022; Chidolue & Iqbal, 2023; Johnson et al., 2023; Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu et al.,
2023; Shekelle et al., 2006; Uchechukwu, Amechi, Okoye, & Okeke, 2023).
Strategies for Overcoming Resistance to Change

Effectively managing resistance to change is crucial for successful HIT adoption. Organizations
can employ various strategies to overcome resistance, including transparent communication
about the reasons for adopting HIT, its benefits, and available support. Inclusive decision-
making involving key stakeholders fosters a sense of ownership and reduces resistance.
Comprehensive training programs help healthcare professionals develop the necessary skills to
use HIT effectively, reducing anxiety associated with adopting new technologies (Bourquard &
Berler, 2021). Designating change champions who are enthusiastic about HIT adoption can
positively influence their peers, providing support, sharing success stories, and encouraging
others to embrace the change. Proactively addressing specific concerns raised by healthcare
professionals, such as fears about job security or disruptions to workflows, is essential to
mitigate resistance. Disruptions to workflows and proactively addressing these concerns can
mitigate resistance (Gibson, Abrams, & Kyabaggu, 2023).
Organizational Culture and Its Impact on HIT Adoption
Organizational culture plays a significant role in shaping attitudes and behaviours toward
technology adoption. A supportive culture can accelerate HIT adoption, while a resistant culture
poses challenges. Leadership commitment is critical, as leaders who champion technology
integration into healthcare operations set the tone for the entire organization. A culture that
values innovation and is open to taking calculated risks fosters a conducive environment for
HIT adoption. Collaboration and teamwork promote a collective approach to HIT adoption,
ensuring a holistic understanding and implementation. A patient-centric focus and a culture that
values continuous improvement align with the iterative nature of technology integration.
Flexibility and adaptability are crucial, as organizations willing to adapt to changing
circumstances and embrace emerging technologies are better positioned for successful HIT
adoption (Lee et al., 2013). Olorunsogo et al. (2024) highlight the importance of incorporating
environmental health data into HIT systems. Organizations aware of environmental factors
affecting health are more equipped for HIT adoption, supporting a holistic approach to
healthcare that aligns with global health challenges and solutions.
Lessons Learned from Successful and Unsuccessful Implementations
Learning from successful and unsuccessful HIT implementations provides valuable insights for
future endeavours. Success factors often include strong leadership, with committed and
visionary leaders prioritizing HIT adoption and guiding the organization through the process.
Engagement of end-users from the beginning ensures that their needs are considered, increasing
the likelihood of successful adoption. Thorough training programs are crucial, with
organizations that invest in ongoing training and support having higher user proficiency and
satisfaction. Incremental implementation, breaking down the process into manageable phases,
allows organizations to address challenges iteratively and learn from each stage.
Challenges and failures in HIT adoption often stem from insufficient training and support for
end-users, leading to frustration and resistance. Lack of stakeholder engagement can result in
overlooking critical perspectives and needs. Poor change management strategies, such as not
addressing resistance or failing to communicate effectively, can lead to project failure.
Overlooking interoperability considerations with existing systems can result in fragmented data
and decreased efficiency. Learning from these lessons, organizations can refine their
approaches to HIT adoption, increasing the likelihood of success in future implementations.
Regulatory and Ethical Considerations

Compliance with Healthcare Regulations and Standards
Compliance with healthcare regulations and standards is paramount for Health Information
Technology (HIT), operating within a multifaceted regulatory landscape designed to ensure
healthcare data's privacy, security, and ethical use. The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a cornerstone of these regulations, setting the standard for
protecting sensitive patient data. Covered entities, including healthcare providers and health
plans, must adhere to HIPAA regulations to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of patient
information. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH)
Act complements HIPAA by incentivizing the adoption and meaningful use of Electronic
Health Records (EHRs), reinforcing the importance of compliance. EHR systems are further
subject to certification by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology (ONC), ensuring adherence to specific standards for interoperability, security, and
functionality. In a global context, healthcare organizations must also consider international
standards such as ISO 27001 for information security management and ISO 13485 for quality
management systems in medical devices. Compliance with these regulations is a legal
requirement and an ethical responsibility, emphasizing the commitment to protect patient
privacy and maintain the integrity of healthcare information.
Ethical Considerations in the Use of Health Information Technology
Ethical considerations in Health Information Technology (HIT) centre around principles that
guide the responsible and equitable use of technology within healthcare settings. Informed
consent is a foundational principle that emphasizes respecting patient autonomy and obtaining
explicit consent for collecting, storing, and using health information. Patients should be fully
informed about how their data will be utilized and can opt out if desired. Transparency is another
crucial ethical consideration, requiring healthcare organizations to be open about their data
practices, ensuring patients know how their health information is used and shared. This
transparent communication fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers.
Additionally, ethical HIT implementation should prioritize equity and access to reduce
healthcare access and outcomes disparities. Ensuring that technology benefits all population
segments and does not exacerbate existing healthcare inequities is paramount. Patient
empowerment is also integral, as HIT should empower individuals by providing access to their
health information, supporting shared decision-making, and facilitating active participation in
their care. Lastly, ethical considerations demand the avoidance of discrimination, necessitating
organizations to strive to prevent bias by using data analytics and predictive modelling, ensuring
fair and unbiased treatment for all patient groups.
Patient Privacy and Data Security Concerns
Ensuring patient privacy and data security is a critical ethical consideration in implementing
Health Information Technology (HIT). Safeguarding the confidentiality of patient information
is paramount, necessitating healthcare organizations to employ robust access controls,
encryption, and audit trails to protect against unauthorized access. Ethical responsibility extends
to having a comprehensive plan to respond to potential data breaches, including timely
notification of affected individuals and regulatory authorities, as this not only fulfils legal
requirements but also reflects an ethical obligation. Managing third-party relationships, such as
with cloud service providers or vendors, is another ethical consideration, requiring
organizations to ensure that these entities adhere to the same stringent privacy and security
standards. Providing patients with control over their data, including the ability to consent to
data sharing and specify preferences, aligns with ethical principles and contributes to
maintaining trust. Additionally, ethical HIT practices emphasize data minimization, advocating
for collecting only the minimum necessary data for a specific purpose. This aligns with privacy
principles, which mitigate the risk of breaches and uphold ethical standards by avoiding
unnecessary invasiveness in data collection practices (Kaplan, 2020).
Legal Implications of HIT in Healthcare Management
The legal landscape surrounding Health Information Technology (HIT) is intricate and
continually evolving, requiring organizations to navigate various legal considerations. Liability
issues are a significant concern, as healthcare providers and organizations may be held legally
accountable for patient privacy breaches or data security. Legal frameworks emphasize the
responsibility of entities to protect patient information and respond appropriately to breaches,
reinforcing the importance of robust security measures. Interoperability requirements add
another layer of complexity as healthcare systems pursue seamless data exchange. Legal
considerations in this context revolve around compliance with data exchange standards and
compatibility between HIT systems. Non-compliance with interoperability requirements may
result in legal consequences, emphasizing the need for adherence to established standards. The
expansion of telehealth introduces additional legal considerations related to licensure,
reimbursement, and the practice of telemedicine across state lines. Healthcare organizations
must navigate and adhere to relevant telehealth regulations to avoid legal challenges and ensure
compliance. Health Information Exchange (HIE) networks also pose legal considerations, with
organizations needing to comply with state and federal laws governing the sharing of health
information across different entities. Ensuring data exchange within HIE networks follows legal
frameworks is crucial for avoiding legal complications. Finally, using HIT in clinical decision-
making introduces legal implications in malpractice or negligence cases. Organizations must
carefully integrate HIT into clinical workflows while adhering to established legal standards of
care to mitigate legal risks associated with these technologies (Koppel & Kreda, 2009; Wager,
Lee, & Glaser, 2021).
Future Trends and Implications
Emerging Technologies in Healthcare Management
As healthcare management continuously evolves, several emerging technologies are poised to
shape the future significantly. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are at the forefront
of this transformation, revolutionizing healthcare by automating tasks, predicting patient
outcomes, and personalizing treatment plans. In healthcare management, AI holds the potential
to enhance decision support systems, optimize resource allocation, and improve operational
efficiency.
Blockchain technology, known for its secure and transparent data-sharing capabilities,
addresses data integrity and interoperability concerns. In healthcare management, blockchain
applications can streamline health information exchange, enhance data security, and facilitate
consent management, contributing to a more reliable and secure healthcare ecosystem. The
Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a wealth of real-time patient data through devices like
wearables and smart medical devices. In healthcare management, leveraging IoT enables
remote patient monitoring, facilitates preventive care, and enhances the efficient management
of healthcare resources by providing timely and relevant information.
The implementation of 5G technology marks a pivotal advancement, enabling faster and more
reliable data transfer. In healthcare management, 5G facilitates real-time communication,
supports telemedicine applications, and enhances the connectivity of medical devices, thereby
contributing to more efficient and responsive healthcare services. Augmented Reality (AR) and
Virtual Reality (VR) hold promise in healthcare training, surgical planning, and patient
education. These immersive technologies have the potential to transform healthcare
management by providing realistic and interactive experiences, enhancing education, and
aiding in complex decision-making processes. As these emerging technologies mature, their
integration into healthcare management practices is expected to bring significant advancements
in patient care, operational efficiency, and overall healthcare outcomes.
Potential Future Developments in Health Information Technology
The future of Health Information Technology holds numerous promising developments,
reflecting ongoing efforts to advance healthcare delivery and management. Interoperability
improvements will remain a focal point, endeavouring to create a seamless flow of information
across diverse healthcare systems. Standardization and developing standard data models are
pivotal in achieving enhanced interoperability, enabling more effective and cohesive healthcare
data exchange.
Advancements in telehealth are anticipated, with improvements in virtual care platforms,
enhanced remote monitoring capabilities, and increased integration with wearable devices. This
evolution of telehealth services is poised to impact the accessibility and efficiency of healthcare
delivery, providing more comprehensive and patient-centric care options. Precision medicine is
set to become more integrated into healthcare management, driven by advances in genomics
and personalized medicine. The future will shift towards tailoring treatments based on
individual genetic profiles and biomarkers, allowing for more targeted and effective therapeutic
interventions.
Cybersecurity measures will continuously enhance the address to the increasing complexity of
HIT systems. Future developments may include adopting advanced encryption techniques,
decentralized security models, and continuous monitoring practices to safeguard patient data
against evolving cyber threats. The expansion of predictive analytics is expected to play a
crucial role in healthcare management, with the development of advanced algorithms for
predicting disease outbreaks, optimizing patient flow, and identifying high-risk populations for
proactive interventions. These predictive analytics tools will contribute to more informed
decision-making and improved patient outcomes in the evolving healthcare landscape.
Anticipated Impacts on Healthcare Management Efficiency
Integrating emerging technologies and future developments in Health Information Technology
is poised to bring about significant advancements in healthcare management efficiency.
AI-driven decision support systems are expected to provide healthcare professionals with real-
time, data-driven insights. This will lead to more accurate diagnoses and the development of
personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient outcomes and the overall quality of
healthcare delivery. Automation and the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are set
to streamline both administrative processes and clinical workflows. This will reduce manual
tasks, allowing healthcare professionals to dedicate more time to direct patient care. The
increased efficiency in workflows contributes to an overall improvement in the healthcare

system.
Technologies such as wearables and mobile health apps are anticipated to empower patients,
enabling them to participate in their care actively. This heightened level of patient engagement
can lead to better health outcomes as patients become more involved in managing their health.
Additionally, it contributes to a more efficient healthcare system by fostering a collaborative
approach between patients and healthcare providers. Predictive analytics and AI algorithms will
enable healthcare organizations to forecast patient needs accurately. This, in turn, will allow for
more effective allocation of resources, optimization of staffing levels, and improved capacity
planning to meet patient care demands. This proactive approach to resource allocation enhances
overall operational efficiency. The use of advanced analytics is expected to support population
health management initiatives. Healthcare organizations can leverage data-driven insights to
proactively address the health needs of specific populations, leading to improved preventive
care, reduced healthcare costs, and a more efficient and targeted approach to population health
management.
Recommendations for Future Research
To fully harness the potential of emerging technologies and effectively navigate the evolving
landscape of healthcare management, future research should prioritize the following key areas:
• Research endeavours should delve into the ethical considerations and legal frameworks
surrounding utilizing emerging technologies in healthcare. This involves examining patient
privacy and data ownership issues and ensuring the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) in decision-making processes.
• Understanding the user experience and identifying factors that influence the adoption of
new technologies is paramount. Future research can explore the perceptions, attitudes, and
barriers healthcare professionals face in adopting emerging technologies, providing
valuable insights to enhance usability and acceptance.
• The impact of emerging technologies on health equity and access requires thorough
examination. Researchers should investigate how these technologies can be leveraged to
reduce healthcare disparities and improve outcomes for diverse populations, ensuring that
advancements contribute to a more equitable healthcare system.
• Conducting longitudinal studies is crucial for evaluating the long-term outcomes and
effectiveness of emerging technologies in healthcare management. This involves assessing
their impact on patient outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and organizational performance,
providing a comprehensive understanding of their sustained effects.
• Future research initiatives should actively promote interdisciplinary collaboration between
healthcare professionals, technologists, ethicists, and policymakers. By fostering
collaborative efforts, researchers can work towards holistic solutions that address the
multifaceted challenges of integrating emerging technologies into healthcare management,
ensuring a well-rounded and comprehensive approach.
CONCLUSION
The exploration of "Reviewing the Impact of Health Information Technology on Healthcare
Management Efficiency" delves into the intricate relationship between technology and
healthcare management, unravelling key findings that shed light on its multifaceted impact.
This comprehensive analysis spans the current state of Health Information Technology, its
operational and clinical efficiency implications, and the ethical considerations paramount to its
implementation.
The comprehensive analysis revealed transformative roles of HIT, such as streamlining
administrative processes, improving communication, and enhancing overall healthcare
delivery. Ethical considerations, patient privacy, and regulatory compliance emerged as critical
factors in the HIT implementation landscape. Moreover, the integration of emerging
technologies like AI, Blockchain, and IoT emerged as pivotal trends poised to reshape the future
of healthcare management, showcasing the dynamic interplay between technology and
healthcare ecosystems. The implications extend beyond academic discourse, encouraging
strategic HIT investments to improve patient care and resource utilization. Ethical
considerations underscore the need for patient-centric approaches, calling on policymakers to
balance technological innovation with ethical imperatives. The exploration of emerging
technologies signals a shift towards a technologically advanced future in healthcare, urging
stakeholders to invest in research, development, and implementation for sustained
advancements.
While valuable insights were gained, acknowledging the dynamic nature of technology and
healthcare is crucial. The research's scope might not fully capture regional or organizational
intricacies, and the reliance on existing literature introduces potential bias. Acknowledging
these limitations reinforces the need for ongoing research and adaptability in healthcare
practices. In light of the limitations and the evolving healthcare landscape, avenues for future
research include longitudinal studies to assess long-term HIT impact, global perspectives to
understand contextual factors, user experience research for successful adoption, in-depth case
studies for practical insights, and research on ethical frameworks to guide HIT implementation
complexities. In conclusion, this research comprehensively examines the intersection between
Health Information Technology and healthcare management efficiency. As technology evolves,
the findings stress the collaborative effort needed to navigate challenges, capitalize on emerging
trends, and align technology integration with ethical principles and the broader goals of
enhancing healthcare delivery.
References
Aarts, J. (2023). Histories of the electronic medical record in The Netherlands 1970-2015.
Adebesin, F., Kotze, P., Foster, R., & Van Greunen, D. (2013). A Review of Interoperability
Standards in E-health and Imperatives for their Adoption in Africa. South African
Computer Journal, 50(1), 55-72.
Afolabi, B., Danladi, J. D., & Ilugbusi, S. (2022). Determinants of youth engagement in
agribusiness: implications for sustainable agricultural practices in Southwest, Nigeria.
Fuoye Journal of Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1).
Agha, L. (2014). The effects of health information technology on the costs and quality of
medical care. Journal of Health Economics, 34, 19-30.
Alolayyan, M. N., Alyahya, M. S., Alalawin, A. H., Shoukat, A., & Nusairat, F. T. (2020). Health
information technology and hospital performance the role of health information quality
in teaching hospitals. Heliyon, 6(10).
Ash, J. (1997). Organizational factors that influence information technology diffusion in
academic health sciences centers. Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, 4(2), 102-111.

Bansler, J. P., & Havn, E. (2010). Pilot implementation of health information systems: Issues
and challenges. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 79(9), 637-648.
Basile, L. J., Carbonara, N., Pellegrino, R., & Panniello, U. (2023). Business intelligence in the
healthcare industry: The utilization of a data-driven approach to support clinical
decision making. Technovation, 120, 102482.
Bhattacharyya, O., Shapiro, J., & Schneider, E. C. (2022). Innovation centers in health care
delivery systems: structures for success. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(2),
e33961.
Bourquard, K., & Berler, A. (2021). Health information exchange: the overarching role of
integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE). Introduction to Nursing Informatics, 101-
137.
Buntin, M. B., Burke, M. F., Hoaglin, M. C., & Blumenthal, D. (2011). The benefits of health
information technology: a review of the recent literature shows predominantly positive
results. Health Affairs, 30(3), 464-471.
Carey, D. J., Fetterolf, S. N., Davis, F. D., Faucett, W. A., Kirchner, H. L., Mirshahi, U., . . .
Ledbetter, D. H. (2016). The Geisinger MyCode community health initiative: an
electronic health record–linked biobank for precision medicine research. Genetics in
Medicine, 18(9), 906-913.
Carter, A. B., Abruzzo, L. V., Hirschhorn, J. W., Jones, D., Jordan, D. C., Nassiri, M., . . .
Temple-Smolkin, R. L. (2022). Electronic health records and genomics: perspectives
from the association for molecular pathology electronic health record (EHR)
interoperability for clinical genomics data working group. The Journal of Molecular
Diagnostics, 24(1), 1-17.
Castaneda, C., Nalley, K., Mannion, C., Bhattacharyya, P., Blake, P., Pecora, A., . . . Suh, K. S.
(2015). Clinical decision support systems for improving diagnostic accuracy and
achieving precision medicine. Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics, 5(1), 1-16.
Chidolue, O., & Iqbal, T. (2023). System Monitoring and Data logging using PLX-DAQ for
Solar-Powered Oil Well Pumping. Paper presented at the 2023 IEEE 13th Annual
Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC).
Cogin, J. A., Ng, J. L., & Lee, I. (2016). Controlling healthcare professionals: how human
resource management influences job attitudes and operational efficiency. Human
Resources for Health, 14(1), 1-8.
Coorevits, P., Sundgren, M., Klein, G. O., Bahr, A., Claerhout, B., Daniel, C., . . . Singleton, P.
(2013). Electronic health records: new opportunities for clinical research. Journal of
Internal Medicine, 274(6), 547-560.
Cowie, M. R., Blomster, J. I., Curtis, L. H., Duclaux, S., Ford, I., Fritz, F., . . . Leenay, M.
(2017). Electronic health records to facilitate clinical research. Clinical Research in
Cardiology, 106, 1-9.
Cresswell, K., & Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption
of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review. International
journal of Medical Informatics, 82(5), e73-e86.
Deasfernandes, S. L. (2020). Telehealth efforts to reduce hospital readmissions of congestive
heart failure patients. Walden University,
Deglow, B. (2021). The impact of the health information technology for economic and clinical
health act on clinical pharmacy and computerized provider order entry.
Furukawa, M. F., King, J., Patel, V., Hsiao, C.-J., Adler-Milstein, J., & Jha, A. K. (2014). Despite
substantial progress in EHR adoption, health information exchange and patient
engagement remain low in office settings. Health Affairs, 33(9), 1672-1679.
Gabriel, M. H., Jones, E. B., Samy, L., & King, J. (2014). Progress and challenges:
implementation and use of health information technology among critical-access
hospitals. Health Affairs, 33(7), 1262-1270.
Gibson, C. J., Abrams, K. J., & Kyabaggu, R. (2023). Health information exchange as a
profession. In Health Information Exchange (pp. 21-56): Elsevier.
Hayn, D., Veeranki, S., Kropf, M., Eggerth, A., Kreiner, K., Kramer, D., & Schreier, G. (2018).
Predictive analytics for data driven decision support in health and care. IT-Information
Technology, 60(4), 183-194.
Holmgren, A. J., Esdar, M., Hüsers, J., & Coutinho-Almeida, J. (2023). Health information
exchange: understanding the policy landscape and future of data interoperability.
Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 32(01), 184-194.
Jane Osareme, O., Muonde, M., Maduka, C.P., Olorunsogo, T.O., & Omotayo, O. (2024).
Demographic shifts and healthcare: A review of aging populations and systemic
challenges.
Javed, A. R., Shahzad, F., ur Rehman, S., Zikria, Y. B., Razzak, I., Jalil, Z., & Xu, G. (2022).
Future smart cities: Requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and
future aspects. Cities, 129, 103794.
Jindal, S. K., & Raziuddin, F. (2018). Electronic medical record use and perceived medical error
reduction. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 10(1), 84-95.
Johnson, D., Pranada, E., Yoo, R., Uwadiunor, E., Ngozichukwu, B., & Djire, A. (2023). Review
and perspective on transition metal electrocatalysts toward carbon-neutral energy.
Energy & Fuels, 37(3), 1545-1576.
Kadakia, K. T., Howell, M. D., & DeSalvo, K. B. (2021). Modernizing public health data
systems: lessons from the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical
Health (HITECH) Act. Jama, 326(5), 385-386.
Kaelber, D. C., & Bates, D. W. (2007). Health information exchange and patient safety. Journal
of Biomedical Informatics, 40(6), S40-S45.
Kaplan, B. (2020). Revisiting health information technology ethical, legal, and social issues and
evaluation: telehealth/telemedicine and COVID-19. International Journal of Medical
Informatics, 143, 104239.
Koopman, C., Jones, P., Simon, V., Showler, P., McLevey, M., & Collaboratory, C. G. (2021).
When data drive health: an archaeology of medical records technology. BioSocieties, 1-
23.
Koppel, R., & Kreda, D. (2009). Health care information technology vendors'“hold harmless”
clause: implications for patients and clinicians. Jama, 301(12), 1276-1278.
Lee, J., McCullough, J. S., & Town, R. J. (2013). The impact of health information technology
on hospital productivity. The RAND Journal of Economics, 44(3), 545-568.
Leviss, J. (2019). HIT or miss: lessons learned from health information technology projects:
CRC Press.
Lite, S., Gordon, W. J., & Stern, A. D. (2020). Association of the meaningful use electronic
health record incentive program with health information technology venture capital
funding. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e201402-e201402.
Mahoney, M. F. (2020). Telehealth, telemedicine, and related technologic platforms: current
practice and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and
Continence Nursing, 47(5), 439-444.
Mallozzi, C., Perkins, R., Shelov, E., Schreiber, R., Gawande, A., Jha, A., . . . Fry, E. (2020).
Reducing alert burden in electronic health records: state of the art recommendations
from four health systems. Applied Clinical Informatics, 11(01), 001-012.
Matos, D. R., Pardal, M. L., Adao, P., Silva, A. R., & Correia, M. (2018). Securing electronic
health records in the cloud. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on
Privacy by Design in Distributed Systems.
Modi, S., & Feldman, S. S. (2022). The Value of electronic health records since the health
information technology for economic and clinical health act: systematic review. JMIR
Medical Informatics, 10(9), e37283.
Muonde, M., Olorunsogo, T.O., Ogugua, J.O., Maduka, C.P., & Omotayo, O. (2024). Global
nutrition challenges: A public health review of dietary risks and interventions. World
Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 1467-1478.
Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu, N., Tula, O. A., Daraojimba, C., Ofonagoro, K. A., Ogunjobi, O. A.,
Gidiagba, J. O., . . . Banso, A. A. (2023). Tracing the evolution of ai and machine
learning applications in advancing materials discovery and production processes.
Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(3), 66-83.
Ogugua, J.O., Olorunsogo, T.O., Muonde, M., Maduka, C.P., & Omotayo, O. (2024).
Developing countries' health policy: A critical review and pathway to effective
healthcare systems.
Omotayo, O., Maduka, C.P., Muonde, M., Olorunsogo, T.O., & Ogugua, J.O. (2024). The rise
of non-communicable diseases: a global health review of challenges and prevention
strategies. International Medical Science Research Journal, 4(1), 74-88.
Omotayo, O., Muonde, M., Olorunsogo, T.O., Ogugua, J.O., & Maduka, C.P. (2024). Pandemic
epidemiology: a comprehensive review of covid-19 lessons and future healthcare
preparedness. International Medical Science Research Journal, 4(1), 89-107.
Olorunsogo, T.O., Ogugua, J.O., Muonde, M., Maduka, C.P., & Omotayo, O. (2024).
Epidemiological statistical methods: A comparative review of their implementation in
public health studies in the USA and Africa. World Journal of Advanced Research and
Reviews, 21(1), 1479-1495.
Olorunsogo, T.O., Ogugua, J.O., Muonde, M., Maduka, C.P., & Omotayo, O. (2024).
Environmental factors in public health: A review of global challenges and
solutions. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 1453-1466.
Rudin, R. S., Motala, A., Goldzweig, C. L., & Shekelle, P. G. (2014). Usage and effect of health
information exchange: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(11), 803-
811.
Samore, M. H., Bateman, K., Alder, S. C., Hannah, E., Donnelly, S., Stoddard, G. J., . . . Stults,
B. (2005). Clinical decision support and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing: a
randomized trial. Jama, 294(18), 2305-2314.
Shah, S. M., & Khan, R. A. (2020). Secondary use of electronic health record: Opportunities
and challenges. IEEE Access, 8, 136947-136965.
Shekelle, P. G., Morton, S. C., & Keeler, E. B. (2006). Costs and benefits of health information
technology. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment(132), 1-71.
Si, Y., Du, J., Li, Z., Jiang, X., Miller, T., Wang, F., . . . Roberts, K. (2021). Deep representation
learning of patient data from Electronic Health Records (EHR): A systematic review.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 115, 103671.
Torres, J. (2015). Bringing the social media# revolution to health care. Health Promotion
Practice, 16(6), 785-787.
Tsiouris, K. M., Gatsios, D., Tsakanikas, V., Pardalis, A. A., Kouris, I., Androutsou, T., . . .
Mostajeran, F. (2020). Designing interoperable telehealth platforms: bridging IoT
devices with cloud infrastructures. Enterprise Information Systems, 14(8), 1194-1218.
Uchechukwu, E. S., Amechi, A. F., Okoye, C. C., & Okeke, N. M. (2023). Youth Unemployment
and Security Challenges in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Virtue, A., Chaussalet, T., & Kelly, J. (2013). Healthcare planning and its potential role
increasing operational efficiency in the health sector: A viewpoint. Journal of Enterprise
Information Management, 26(1/2), 8-20.
Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2021). Health care information systems: a practical
approach for health care management: John Wiley & Sons.
Walker, J. M., & Carayon, P. (2009). From tasks to processes: the case for changing health
information technology to improve health care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 467-477.
Wang, T., Wang, Y., & Moczygemba, J. (2014). Organizational factors influencing health
information technology adoption in long-term-care facilities. The Health Care Manager,
33(1), 30-37.
Yuan, B., Li, J., & Wu, P. (2021). The effectiveness of electronic health record promotion for
healthcare providers in the United States since the health information technology for
economic and clinical health act: an empirical investigation. The International Journal
of Health Planning and Management, 36(2), 334-352.
Zhao, M., Hamadi, H., Xu, J., Haley, D. R., Park, S., & White-Williams, C. (2022). Telehealth
and hospital performance: Does it matter? Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 28(5),
360-370.
Zhivan, N. A., & Diana, M. L. (2012). US hospital efficiency and adoption of health information
technology. Health Care Management Science, 15, 37-47.

1000-Article Text-2480-1-10-20240407

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

1000-Article Text-2480-1-10-20240407

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1000-Article Text-2480-1-10-20240407

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

International Medical Science Research Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2024

REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF HEALTH INFORMATION

Article Received: 16-01-24 Accepted:10-03-24 Published: 08-04-24

organizations worldwide increasingly adopt HIT, its impact on healthcare management

Previous Studies on the Impact of HIT on Healthcare Management Efficiency

obsolescence and the evolving landscapes of healthcare to provide a comprehensive

a. Geisinger Health System (Epic EHR Implementation): Geisinger Health System's

optimizing healthcare resources. Continuous monitoring of patients with chronic conditions

Strategies for Overcoming Resistance to Change

Regulatory and Ethical Considerations

increased efficiency in workflows contributes to an overall improvement in the healthcare

Association, 4(2), 102-111.

You might also like