Unit- IL

Electical ir auit Eleath (R,

CR,LL mel
an C).

Ptah Reiatnnce i2 disaipive elemnt , shich comvoit

-clectncal enuy into hest, when. cunent
nent os
lh ygh.it in ang direction
Tha CDnVeNsLonj_iNTeVeNzi ble
Renstanu ik th þopty
According to oha las ot Restuyr:

yolt.

-wheni CHS1ent

R Entiapted
W= p t
9iesistance W= iRt |Jal.

R Watt

ohm Gn).

Capacitor

ropacitaY iz a
e teAminllement that
1h.
Copatili ofchangstang
-he CAASIernt -1he capacitox i; p partis
-o L cuivative
d
t
 W=:
dtt
=ed
tHnehaiqedcapaeita
Tmles
tnnon
opani capacita
Enengystoredin
he
abere..
int
eqatig
-arat.
 chog cunsient
eleetme
cent
elect
ofeleetme
(A)
pont
Ceimf -Valt
Vot cifie.
ipe
oflt cuit potential
ctnc
elemove
CoulombseLond pom.
LDorkneeded.o
EoYCecir
ao
Sato (c/A) Ext
Eleciomotive
caLAeA.
that
knmon
ctneub chaya.
late Eledic
Cionenst
iinit
-ele S.I
Thechag in c:nc.
-ele
unit It point
foree An
It
 between
tiod
afpoten knooh
ircety
constnt
Length
mele.
LPD.)cnacircit aohicb
ditfeence
e
Ci
ofubbtanca
cwvent
S1eistamer CV)
DHcIeiCA
Rotentiabiffehce.
-pertential
--

Conditioth
Ohm'
Las ditennce
V
I R
lo uhit cal
Thepopeaty
phyi -patential
-p
portinalto
o R
Cengtant
Mnit
Pointu alioVot. the Shesismee
Resicancí.
ia
Blent
the
Th ozes
Accordi'ne
Knotn If
-than
The pp
 dinety nt
(l-m).
ohm=.mete
Agacitic9ciztan.
Specific -nd.A.=mt
-Resitta
Resisjan.Ce
Constcmt
a
9neigtnnc.
eicloncc
:
a the
stssi;tánc
-.If=J
toAuoding te tn
-cqui Daesiztivity
proporignal Resiti
Los
 unit. nateria
fDyChistenet.
clefined.
)6
o
nateual
a.
Jectional
Apeci{it
 Chaf
cf
CkeLy
Lu
tokirchhuffauwrent Conevation
qua
bmon.soningcsenti
Jha
1
-bum. .f-.out]aincunients
panciple.of
KVL).
Lowl.
laith
tokcLotode
goeimn Lawl
Networt: KeL)
algi
e.cl
at
wsoci
-paint
Arcoding
() The eeting iz.KCL
atCu Hence
 sothpzaincipleof
t . E t associated
E-tIR KVLiz
lorf
-
KVL
in
ww I
to
Decondin
Note
 emaion
of
direios
element
latcal
LniTanaictoc
clcmnt
hat -the
changis.
Thcsc
1h022..elemeat2Uh20
2ounein Thoze
elementR
ohoze videg
-pacbeaegochaectesigticchangee
oith Gq-AiodotaanistoadotHhex IReteaina
valtge.an
deal
zeMí
- ctacuiten
tne
Contaat
p
Bcuwce
capasle
subleygany
anclt
Reistea
,daductoz,Cahator ahich
Con2tant
0uate
SouÝc
eleNenig dexiceR. e-
Boattey
Geneaatoz ian
atagienvotage
lniicteaal
&ement& elemenig. Tâe. Ceie
ous
voltage...
Valtoge..
diaccLon o0tage
outce
votage20LLOce.
Concucio.
LnliateDal Jdeal
alectaic
Çues
24
these ROUDCeCf.
nat
eement. &ouace,
VOtngecugscnt
c.
actveelemenhatelement
Thoke etc Snduciox
ondtosesenezgy
-ciRRlbate called
at Tioscelement&
who2e
Tfoteetement
callecdas
Jcucis,
Hhatdo
n
chm'slaahe.
NeRigte,etc
CabacLox,
oclz
Jioge
element dond
calledas-acA-
ineelomente.
eendigg
-pyovidee passtvelements
Called la)age stsafht_Aine-aRe casled
GOahh
Rexitescaþacitax
eq-
cictiveElcment. temet:
Passiue enerta
dineas Eemente
ineas
Non. yaâe
I Cercuctex
devices.
2icmente.
ineax
Qsnecalled Lineax
eiementy
chm inLineaxelemerta.
Plemenishege
Chag stsakght
 3esistonce
oidool intenal
eitace
doadcuaoent(Iz)
RL
Loac
tocd
Cungtant
=
dousce.
Voltage
Paactical
fZe9
Vg
VV_ Sateanal
ezi|
ooce ttheintemaltthe
MOiaqesouCe/
2eusce
vcttage.
1
AV
R AI. CUSCe
auQre'
Nattage
derre,
 Cueent Sousce
ddeal
BOusceisCusoet electuic
Reitcrce
Stesnal provftecontant.ood
cutentac
his
-

V
-eneogg
oad
-Iz-I,
A
an
cuNentA
iceal whichovdes
2ouxceThe
dah
LoadAconefant.csent
RL caent
eaua

-ILi,=
loutart toSOUxLe
R.
the.
Voét(evTeai
t)
soCe
 veshighandconneatk
LteanacAtag enengg
da-psia &aLaTe
Dehenhent
i hevalue
itde-endOn
electaic
cSouce
allelsmhegouace
npad Teaminl
voltaqe
tond
Procical aádincehendent
8tling
Ru
ddeal
cixcut..elem
4he Pootical
cuyen SoLDce
Dehendent
A -ef
RRal
ZNculd
be Debendent capo.ble
icleal
 SndeencantJndeþundent
AC_BoSCL_CusDentseOo (uddel
whesc.
cussent
Deendunt sdn
indebundent
goe ewhen
t.
enag-
oce. conves
heo
oihe element Reiigto6
iea.
whicl
ito
AL
dehondoant
T Sndebencdent
D-c;
cut
clemend
enesgy
Cis Vltcye
dach
indapencence dizgipalig
dizce'o
datcjendent
capahle
demevtt. elecobicol cal
eletsi
 by_
-paodACEd
coheat
is eAeagy
pneag4
Cabacito enegyi
chaoe
atic
Anecam.
)esCtarce.
a tose stoigincabacito
Eneagt
gnducti
uchich
2ryy
that fi'a
maynetic
Enedgy.cigeibatedc du
ci:dt
Stosingelement
egtance
tine. ne
Calpaciloà elemeat
CusDent
-he
L-
Snductaree gouace
cusdent
iacuco
inEneay-stodec
Taangfoamatiem
Sousce
to
Jounafmation
ouoce.
R
Vaage
(usoent
’
 taanifosmed. palle
eaistr
eics
with
in-paallel
20uace
that
ith
SoUae(Ig.)w
aanmed
inte.
Caa__be )connectecd
valiage
Mlteauce
itha.
aanected
he
ROLacecuzsent
Bocdce.
Conne
cfedln
geieg SouCeo
Jangfaxmaten hegiztarce(R
A
Cudent CUBDEnt
CusDent
hia.
Rate
A
Aouste
iage
voltoge
unta
o 26oIsc
veltge
cicuit
Ise
and
the (t)
(pev Bhoat
 1
2
znuzce
valtage
g
woltge at
nkage
cineatt
kere
then