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Alcohol Other Drugs and Behavior Psychological Research Perspectives 2nd Edition Jung Test Bank instant download all chapter
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Chapter 7
1. Which of the following methodology examines correlations between drug use and
correlational outcomes?
a. self selection
b. controlled observation
c. naturalistic observation
d. balanced placebo design
2. When the term expectancy is used in connection with experiments, it usually refers
to the:
a. introspective
b. retrospective
c. speculative
d. serial
e.
a. setting
b. gender
c. dose level
d. all of the above
8. Mood should be assessed at _________ time points because blood alcohol level is
a joint
function of ___________ and ___________ since drinking.
9. Studies have shown that alcohol consumption even at low doses equivalent to 1 or
2 drinks taken within the past hour tend to disrupt ___________ .
a. mood levels
b. motor activity
c. reaction time
d. visuospatial skills
10. Behavioral effects of alcohol differ over the course of the blood alcohol curve
because:
11. The results of a controlled lab experiment using a driving simulator task has
shown that
12. Studies have shown which drug asides from alcohol, but is often paired with
alcohol, contributes to impairment in driving ability?
a. cocaine
b. marijuana
c. cigarettes
d. tobacco
13. The Saults et al (2007) study on working memory found that ______________
doses of alcohol impaired memory for temporal sequences but not for simultaneous or
spatial arrays of stimuli.
a. high
b. low
c. moderate
d. very low
14. Explicit memory is retention about events that occurred with _________
awareness of the participant, whereas implicit memory involves memory that
occurred when participants had _________ awareness that their memory would be
tested later.
a. no, no
b. full, full
c. no, full
d. full, no
15. Which of the following statements are true conclusions from Duka’s 2001 study.
a. Explicit memory was better if the drug state at encoding and retrieval was
the same
b. Alcohol given at retrieval decreased the cued recall of items from high
associations compared to placebo, but did not have an effect on implicit
stem completion
c. Implicit memory was better if the drug states during encoding and
retrieval had been different
d. All above statements are true
17. Studies of divided attention (Moskowitz et al., 1985) found low to moderate
levels of alcohol below the legal level:
a. seem to be harmless
b. may contribute to accidents
c. speed up information processing
d. have direct toxic effects on motor coordination
18. Which of the following disorders is not a result of heavy alcohol use?
a. Wernicke-Korsakoff
b. Diplopia
c. Anterograde amnesia
d. Retrograde amnesia
20. What can be concluded about the effects of heavy alcohol use on the brain?
a. chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of the right hemisphere of the
brain
b. chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of the left hemisphere of the
brain
c. chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of both hemispheres of the
brain
d. no set conclusion exists about which hypothesis of the
neuropsychological basis of cognitive deficits among alcoholics is
correct
21. Comparison of smokers, deprived smokers, and nonsmokers (Parrott & Garnham,
1998) showed smokers:
a. attempted more mental arithmetic problems both before and after the
rest/cigarette break
b. attempted more mental arithmetic problems before but not after the
rest/cigarette break
c. attempted more mental arithmetic problems after but not before the
rest/cigarette break
d. have faster cognitive processing they smoked or were deprived of
smoking
Page the 11th, he falls foul of Mr. Moorhead, and speaks almost
as freely of him as of Mr. Tennent. I cannot say I was very intimate
with Mr. Moorhead when at Boston: but the letters that have lately
come from him, and from others concerning him, bespeak him to be
a man of a good spirit, and one whom God has blessed with
abundant success. And I have great reason to believe that he is a
man not over credulous: because I have heard from his friends here,
that he did not overmuch favour the work of God that was at
Northampton in New-England some years ago, and therefore
probably, would not readily favour the late work in Boston and other
parts, had he not sufficient evidence that it was a work of God.
Page 14th, The letter writer takes upon him to assert, “That a
pamphlet published in Scotland, intitled, Christ riding in the Chariot
of Salvation, is stuffed with abominable lies.” As a proof of it, he
urges, “That the students in Boston, got nothing by Whitefield and
Tennent but enthusiasm, pride, a contempt of their betters, &c.”
What they got by me I know not; but I have great reason to believe
they got something that was good, under God, by Mr. Tennent; for
Dr. Colman, in a letter to me, which was printed in the Glasgow
Weekly History, No. 1, writes, “At Cambridge the college is entirely
changed; the students are full of God, will I hope come out blessings
in their generation, and I trust are so now to each other. Many of
them are now, we think, truly born again, and several of them happy
instruments of conversion to their fellows. The voice of prayer and
praise fills their chambers; and sincerity, fervency, and joy, with
seriousness of heart, sit visibly on their faces. I was told yesterday
that not seven of a hundred remain unaffected. I know how the good
tidings of this will affect and please you. God give you like joy every
where in the fruit of your labours.”
In the same page he would fain tax Mr. Gilbert Tennent with a lie;
for it was he wrote the account in the Weekly History, No. 1. Says
he, “It is said, when Mr. Gilbert Tennent preached at Marblehead and
Charles-Town, his voice had like to have been drowned with their
outcries.” But he mistakes, it is not said so: for I have searched
narrowly into the pamphlet and weekly history, and find no mention
of an outcry, but only a great shock given at Marblehead. It was at
Portsmouth. Mr. Gilbert Tennent writing to his brother says, “That
there were at Portsmouth and Charles-Town, in time of sermon, such
outcries that his voice had like to have been drowned.” I think Mr.
Tennent is the best judge of what he heard with his own ears. Mr.
A. M.’s living near Charles-Town, and having never heard a word of
this from the minister with whom he frequently conversed, is no proof
it was not so. It might have been so, and yet not come into the
minister’s mind to tell Mr. A. M. of it.
In the same page, he finds fault with the accounts given of some
young children “who talked of the things of God as if they were
people of 70 or 80 years. Alas! how easily are mankind deceived!
How fond are they to impose on themselves and others! Some of
these I have conversed with:” but did he converse with all, or with
these mentioned in the pamphlet? If not, how can he urge this as
another lie in the pamphlet? I take Mr. Abercromby, who sent the
account of the children, and who is a preacher of good character, to
be a better judge of the matter than Mr. A. M. But this anonymous
letter-writer, seems resolved to condemn every thing in the gross.
Indeed he speaks favourably of the church of England. “I must do
justice, says he, to the church of England,” page 16. “There are three
congregations of that way in Boston: they all live in love and peace;
their ministers speak against enthusiasm and bigotry every day; not
above three or four at most, of some thousands that are of the
episcopal persuasion, are taken with this new-light (as they call it);
they all, says he, stand fast to the church, and their numbers
increase very fast.”
The like treatment they have given the Rev. Mr. Turell, another of
the eminent ministers, from whom they have taken extracts to prove
the facts of Mr. A. M.’s letter. I am persuaded Mr. Turell will be much
concerned to find any part of his sermon thus misused; and how the
compilers of this pamphlet could dare to make this use of his writing,
I cannot imagine; for, in the very first page of the preface to that very
sermon, out of which they have taken their extracts, he speaks of
himself “as one of the friends and zealous promoters of the good
work:” nay he begins his preface with these words, “the occasion of
my publishing this brief direction to my people, is partly to vindicate
my character, which has been injured by a report spread, that of a
zealous promoter of the glorious work of God’s grace and Spirit
appearing, I am become an opposer:” which shews, that Mr. Turell
would not care to be represented as an opposer of that work, and
consequently would not chuse, that his writings should be produced
to prove the principal facts in this letter of A. M.’s, who would
represent the whole as enthusiasm and delusion.
But what surprises me most of all is, that they should extract any
thing from Mr. Parsons to prove Mr. A. M.’s matters of fact. Indeed, in
the passage cited from him, page 41 of the pamphlet, to use the
words in the Glasgow Weekly History, No. 35. I see only a warning
against rashly concluding persons to be in a converted state;
because, some who have been thus well judged of do afterwards fall
away into errors, or appear to be deluded, or turn out impostors; and
the warning enforced by an instance, and indeed but by one
instance, of a person who was a visionary. Mr. Parsons’s caution to
others against concluding too rashly that people are converted, is a
presumption, that he is cautious in that matter himself; yet in this
very sermon of Mr. Parsons’s, out of which the extracts mentioned in
the appendix are taken, he says, page 44, “I hope not less than an
hundred and fifty souls are converted in about nine months past:”
though his parish is small, consisting only of 120 families. I could
heartily wish that the whole sermon was printed; it is directly levelled
in many parts of it against persons of Mr. A. M.’s spirit and
sentiments, and is intended as a needful caution for those lately
converted, to avoid extremes, and take care to walk consistently. He
has all along been a great promoter of this work: in a letter dated
December 16, 1741, to Dr. Colman, and which is printed in the
Weekly History, he mentions a most wonderful effusion of the Holy
Ghost in his congregation. In that letter he makes an honourable
mention of Mr. Tennent: “I have reason, says he, to bless the Lord
that he sent him for our help; and indeed by an enquiry since, I find
his labours were blessed to give a more general shock than
appeared at the very time.”
The other eminent ministers sermons I have not yet met with: but
I have great reason to believe they have been treated in the same
manner: the time would fail me, dear Sir, to send you all the
vouchers that might be produced for the glorious work in New-
England. Messrs. Webb, Cooper and Prince, in a preface to a
sermon by Mr. M‘Gregor, a presbyterian minister, and which I hope
also will be reprinted, speak nobly of it. Mr. Edwards’s sermon I think
is most admirable, and answers all the objections that Mr. A. M. or
others can make against it. In short, if any work had all marks of a
divine signature, this undoubtedly has.
Thus speaks this great and good man: my heart warmed, dear
Sir, whilst I was reading his discourse; it is close, succinct and
powerful: how could the publishers, after reading such a dreadful
warning, print any thing out of his sermon, to prove the work in New-
England, to be enthusiasm? I would heartily join with him and the
other ministers in New-England, was I there, in bearing a faithful
testimony against any thing that I might judge to be inconsistent with
the precious rules of the holy scriptures. At the same time I pray, that
even the ministers themselves may act with the same caution they
recommend to their people, and then I doubt not but we shall see a
happy end put to what may now be irregular or disorderly. The dear
Redeemer has assured us, “that the gates of hell shall never prevail
against his church.” He will cause that all things shall work together
for her good. The wrath of man shall turn to his praise, and the
remainder of it shall he restrain; he will bring order out of confusion,
and the church shall be more than conqueror through his love. I will
therefore conclude this long letter, with the words of the psalmist in
the second psalm,
Why rage the heathen? and vain things,
To be my King appointed,
Upon this assurance, I rest in peace, and am, reverend and dear Sir,
in the kingdom and patience of Jesus,
G. W.
For to see on the one hand, such men as these, some of them of
licentious lives, long inured in a course of vices, and of high spirits,
coming to the preaching of the word, some only out of curiosity,
others with a strong antipathy and meer design to get matter of
cavilling and banter; all at once, in opposition to their inward enmity,
resolutions and resistances, to fall under an unexpected and hated
power; to have all the strength of their resolution and resistance
taken away; to have such an inward view of the horrid wickedness
not only of their lives, but also of their hearts, with their exceeding
great and immediate danger of eternal misery, as has amazed their
souls and thrown them into distress unutterable, yea forced them to
cry out in the assemblies with the greatest agonies: and then in two
or three days, and sometimes sooner, to have such unexpected and
raised views of the infinite grace and love of God in Christ, as have
enabled them to believe in him, lifted them at once out of their
distresses, filled their hearts with admiration, and joy unspeakable,
and full of glory, breaking forth in their shining countenance and
transporting voices to the surprise of those about them: and to see
them kindling up at once, into a flame of love and praise to God, an
utter detestation of their former courses and vicious habits, yea by
such a detestation the very power of those habits at once receive a
mortal wound: in short, to see their high spirits on a sudden
humbled, their hard hearts made tender, their aversion from the Holy
God now turned into a powerful and prevailing bent to contemplate
upon him as revealed in Christ, to labour to be like him in holiness,
to please and honour him by an universal and glad conformity to his
will and nature, and promote his holy kingdom in all about them;
loving them, forgiving them, asking forgiveness of them, abounding
in acts of justice and charity, in a meek and condescending carriage
towards the meanest, and aspiring after higher sanctity.
And though it must be owned with sorrow, that some few who see
these wondrous works continue unconvinced, yet this is no more
strange than that some of the most learned and religious men, as
were the Scribes and Pharisees, who saw the wondrous works of
Christ on earth, yet continued unconvinced that they were the
works of God, yea pursued him with unrelenting enmity and
violence. However, it is a reviving consolation to us, that as this work
surprizingly goes on from town to town, it goes on more and more to
silence the most fierce opposers: though mighty oppositions rise at
first, it bears them down before it, and our more mighty Saviour
seems resolved to go on still from conquering to conquer.