New Middle East International School

Academic Year: (2022 – 2023)

Name: Grade: IX Sec: Worksheet: 1 key
Subject: Topic: The Fundamental unit of life Date:

1) Identify and name the following:

a) The undefined nuclear region of prokaryotic cell. Nucleoid
b) Functional segment of DNA. Genes
c) Granular particles of the cell, which are sites of protein synthesis. Ribosomes
d) Storage sacs of the cell. Vacuole
e) Semi-autonomous cell organelles of the cell. Mitochondria and Plastids

2) What happens if an animal cell is placed in distilled water for 24 hours?

The animal cell absorbs water due to endosmosis and bursts due to the absence of cell wall.
3) What is the role of SER in the liver cells of vertebrates?
The SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying poisons and drugs.
3) Which kind of plastid is more common in:
a) Roots: Leucoplasts b) Leaves: Chloroplasts
c) Fruits and flowers: Chromoplasts

4) Define the following: a) Endocytosis b) Plasmolysis c) Membrane biogenesis

ENDOCYTOSIS: It is the flexibility of cell membrane which enables the cell to engulf in food
and other materials from its external environment is called Endocytosis.
PLASMOLYSIS: It is the contraction of the content of the cell away from the cell wall, when a
living plant cell loses water through osmosis.
MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS: The SER helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, or lipids,
important for cell function. Some of these proteins and lipids help in building the cell membrane.
This process is known as membrane biogenesis.
 5) Give reasons for the following:
a) Virus needs a host cell to multiply.
Viruses lack any membrane and hence don’t show the characteristics of life until they enter a
living cell and use its machinery to multiply.
b) Cells of plants, fungi and bacteria do not burst when placed in hypotonic solution.
It is because of the presence of cell wall; the wall exerts an equal pressure against the swollen cell
c) The skin of our fingers shrinks when we wash clothes for a long time.
Soap solution is hypertonic solution, i.e. more concentrated than our skin cells. During washing of
clothes for a long time, water moves out of the skin cells into the surroundings, which leads to the
shrinkage of skin over fingers.
d) Plant cells have very large vacuoles.
As plants perform photosynthesis, vacuoles are full of cell sap which provide turgidity and rigidity
to the cell. It also stores amino acids, sugars, organic acids and some proteins.
6) What are the two ways by which the process of osmosis is used up in nature?
 Unicellular fresh water organisms and most of the plant cells tend to gain water through
osmosis.
 Absorption of water by plant roots is also an example of osmosis.
7) What is the role of vacuole in unicellular organisms?
In some unicellular organisms, specialised vacuoles play an important role in expelling excess
water and some waste from the cell
8) What are the consequences of the following conditions?
a) A cell containing higher water concentration than the surrounding medium.
If the surrounding medium has a lower concentration of water than that of the cells, meaning it is a
very concentrated solution, which is called hypertonic solution. Here the will lose water by
osmosis (Exosmosis). Therefore, the cell will shrink.
b) A cell having low water concentration than the surrounding medium.
If the surrounding medium of the cell has higher water concentration than the cell, meaning that
the outside solution is very dilute, which is called hypotonic solution. Here the cell will gain water
and swells up.
c) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding medium.
If the surrounding medium of the cell has the same water concentration as that of the cell, there
will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. This type of solution is called
Isotonic solution. Here the size of the cell will remain the same.
9) Identify and name the following scientists who:
a) Discovered nucleus: Robert Brown
b) Coined the term protoplasm: Purkinje
c) Proposed cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann
d) Discovered free living cells: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
e) Discovered the cell: Robert hooke
10. Based on the following diagram and your knowledge, answer the following questions -

a) Name the cell organelles shown in the figure? Mitochondria

b) The given cell organelle is also known as the “ Power house of the cell”. Why ?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP
(Adenosine triphopshate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell
c) Why is the inner membrane of this organelle deeply folded?
These folds create a large surface area for ATP generating chemical reactions during aerobic
respiration
d) This organelle is able to make its own proteins because
It is because of the presence of their own ribosomes and DNA which aid in protein synthesis.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. Besides nucleus, DNA is also present in

a) Ribosomes and Golgi apparatus b) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
c) Lysosomes and Endoplasmic reticulum d) Golgi complex and Mitochondria
2. Plasma membrane is composed of
a) Cellulose and Lipids b) Lipids and Proteins
c) Peptidoglycan and Lipids d) Cellulose and Protein
3. What is the important function of nucleus
a) Photosynthesis b) Cellular reproduction c) Lipid synthesis d) Protein synthesis
4. The transportation of materials in the cell is done by
a) Golgi complex b) Lysosomes c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic reticulum
ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS:
A) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Q1. Assertion: Plant cells have large membranous organelles called plastids, which are of two
types- chromoplasts and leucoplasts.
Reason: Chromoplasts that contain chlorophyll are called chloroplasts which perform
photosynthesis and leucoplasts are the colourless plastids concerned with storage.
a) A b) B c) C d) D
Q2. Assertion: The ER functions both as a pathway for intracellular transport and as a
manufacturing surface.
Reason: The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of membrane bound vesicles that function in
the storage, modification and packaging of substances manufactured in the cell.
a) A b) B c) C d) D
Q3. Assertion: Most mature plant cells have a large central vacuole that helps to maintain
turgidity of the cell.
Reason: Vacuoles store important substances, food material including waste.
a) A b) B c) C d) D