MARTIAL ARTS AND SPORTS
Kathleen Jan M. Los Banez
PATHFIT 3
PRELIM REVIEWER
ARNIS
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9850
• An act declaring ARNIS as the National
Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines
SECTION 2
• “Arnis, also known as Eskrima, Kali, Garrote
and other names in various regional
languages, such as Pananandata in Tagalog;
Pakalikali, Ibanag; Kabaraon and Kalirongan,
Pangasinan; Kaliradman, Bisaya; and Didja,
Ilokano, is an indigenous Filipino martial art
and sport characterized by the use of
swinging and twirling movements,
accompanied by striking, thrusting and
parrying techniques for defense and
offense”
SECTION 3
• “The official adoption of arnis shall be
promulgated by inscribing symbol of arnis in
the Philippine Sports Commission and by
making it as the first competition to be played
by participating teams in the first day in the
annual Palarong Pambansa”
HISTORY
• Due to lack of written records, the origin can
be traced back to the fighting systems used by
Filipinos at some stage in inter-tribal warfare.
• As soon as the Spaniards arrives at the islands
now known as the Philippines, they saw
already-developed weapons-based martial arts
practiced by the natives and during the Battle
of Mactan at Cebu in 1521, the Spaniards
had to resort to fire-arms to fend off the
natives.
• Ferdinand Magellan was killed at the Battle of
Mactan by the forces of Raja Lapu-Lapu, the
ruler of Mactan.
• 1975 – Major Favian Ver National Arnis
Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL)
• 1986 – Arnis Philippines (ARPHI)
ARNIS
• Arnis, also known as Eskrima (Escrima) and
Kali (also Kalis) is the National Sport and
Martial Art of the Philippines.
• It is an umbrella term that refers to a class of
Filipino Martial Arts that a weapon-based
stick fighting, blades and improvised weapons.
• While training starts with a weapon, empty
hand techniques, trapping and limb damage
are core parts of these arts as the weapon is
considered merely an extension of the body.
• Arnis comes from the word “arnes”, Old
Spanish for armor (harness is an archaic
English term for armor which comes from the
same roots as the Spanish term).
• It is derived from the armor costumes used in
Moro-Moro (Moor versus Christian) stage
plays where actors fought mock battles using
wooden swords.
ESKRIMA
• Eskrima (Escrima) is a Filipinization of the
Spanish word for fencing.
• As Spanish was the lingua franca of the
Philippines at the time and various families and
regions simple called their art and family
styles “Eskrima” (or fencing).
• The fighting skills of native warriors nearly
defeated the Spaniards.
• The Spanish soldiers dubbed the native stick
and bladed fighting style “escrima”
(skirmish).
KALI
• The word Kali (Kalis), although primarily used
in the United States and Europe, is seldom
used in the Visayas. This term is mostly used
in Mindanao, but due to the influence of
foreign practitioners and popularity the term
has now been accepted as a synonym for Arnis
and Eskrima.
• “Tjakelele” (Indonesian fencing), earliest
known forms.
THREE PHASES
BLADED WEAPON
• Kris
• Kampilan
• Utak o two, to reach out to other people in times
• Balisong of need.
• Pinasawali
• Susuwat
• Kambantuli
• Janap
• Banjat
• Gayang
• Panabas
• Bankon
• Kalis
DOBLE BASTON/SINAWALI (TO WEAVE)
• Gunong
• puñal • Doble Baston, another major form of play in
Arnis system
STICK
• It is sometimes called Sinawali.
• Rattan • Swinging the cane in a criss-cross movement
• Kamagong perform double stick.
• Bahi • The movement of the Doble baston are
• Arnis sometimes called essentially artistic but can also be used for
o pang-or self-defense purposes.
o kali • The Sinawali is an intrinsic part of Arnis
o escrima practice which requires the use of the two
o estacode sticks.
o muton • BALANCE IN LIFE- when using doble-baston
o baston techniques, the user can both use one as a
o espada. weapon at the same time as shield, use both
sticks to strike, or else use both sticks to block.
MANO-MANO

• the Filipino art of Hand-to-Hand combats. It

is the hidden art of stick fighting.

THREE MAJOR FORMS OF PLAY

SOLO BASTON (SINGLE STICK)

• Solo Baston, the major fighting system of

Arnis.
• Solo baston is not limited to stick alone it
applies to bladed weapons.
• The system further can be extended to other
ordinary objects such as an umbrella, pen,
walking sticks, combs, magazines and
newspaper that are good examples of
weapons.
• The stick is the Arnisador life. The whole
thing that he is and everything that he has
done is represented by the stick.
• If we notice in solo baston, the other hand is
empty and there are TWO REASONS BEHIND
THIS:
o one is to lift up this hand in praising god,
Espada Y Daga (SWORD AND DAGGER)
• Espada Y Daga, which literally means “sword
and dagger” is a technique/system that
utilizes two different weapons in terms of
size; a short and a long weapon.
• These weapons are effective when used
individually but if used together, they produce
maximum results.
• In life, the things that we use to make our lives
better comes in all shapes and sizes.
 NATURE OF THE GAME GEARS

ARNIS

• Arnis also includes hand-to-hand

combat, joint locks, grappling and weapon
disarming techniques.
• Although in general, emphasis is put on
weapons for these arts, some systems put
empty hands as the primary focus and some
old school systems do not teach weapons at
all.

PRINCIPLES OF A GOOD ARNISADOR

• The real Arnisador holds firmly to his stick

until the day he dies.
• The Arnisador and sticks are one.
• The Art of the hand is the art of the cane.
• If someone throws rice grains to a skilled
Arnisador not even a single grain can hit him.
• The match and the candle represent an
authentic disciple of Arnis.
• The Art of Arnis is like a wind; you can feel it
but not necessarily see it.
• Minimum effort maximum effect.

DIFFERENT HOLDING OF THE STICK

• Hold the stick at the very edge.

• Hold the stick a short distance from the
edge, inch.
• Hold the stick one (1) fist (width) from the
edge/
• Hold the stick in the middle.
• Reverse hold.

“HOW YOU HANDLE THE STICKS IS HOW YOU

HANDLE YOUR LIFE.” Hold the sticks like you would
hold a bird. Grasp the bird too tightly and it will die;
cradle the bird too gently and it will fly away.

EQUIPMENT

STICK

• The stick used in arnis is commonly made up

of rattan, but other hard woods can be used
too, like Yakal or Kamagong. It’s 24 inches
long for elementary level and 28 inches
long for college level. It is 2 inch in
diameter.
 TWELVE STRIKING POINTS

12 VITAL POINTS (SINGLE STICK)

1. Left Temple Strike

2. Right Temple Strike
3. Left Shoulder Thrust
4. Right Shoulder Thrust
5. Stomach Thrust
6. Left Chest Thrust
7. Right Chest Thrust
8. Right Knee Strike
9. Left Knee Strike
10. Right Eye Thrust
11. Left Eye Thrust
12. Crown Strike