QUESTIONS

1. Using the Functional Definition of management. Define Management and Explain

it?

2. Explain the Hierarchy of Management and the different behaviours of

management?

ANSWERS

1. Using the Functional Definition of management. Define Management and

Explain it?

Management is defined as the procedure of organizing, directing, planning and

controlling the efforts of organizational members and of managing organizational
sources to accomplish particular goals.

Planning

Planning is the purpose of ascertaining in advance what is supposed to be done and

who has to do it. This signifies establishing goals in advance and promoting a way of
delivering them effectively and efficiently.

Organizing

Organizing is the administrative operation of specifying grouping tasks, duties,

authorizing power and designating resources needed to carry out a particular system.
Once a definite plan has been set for the completion of an organizational intent, the
organizing party reviews the actions and resources expected to execute the program. It
ascertains what actions and resources are needed. It determines who will do a distinct
job, where and when it will be done.

Staffing

Staffing is obtaining the best resources for the right job. A significant perspective of
management is to make certain that the appropriate people with the apt skills are
obtainable in the proper places and times to achieve the goals of the company. This is
also called the human resource operations and it includes activities such as selection,
placement, recruitment and coaching of employees.

Directing

Directing involves directing, leading and encouraging the employees to complete the
tasks allocated to them. This entails building an environment that inspires employees
to do their best. Motivation and leadership are 2 chief elements of direction. Directing
also includes communicating efficiently as well as managing employees at the
workplace. Motivating workers means simply building an atmosphere that urges them
to want to work. Leadership is inspiring others to do what the manager wants them to
do.
Controlling

Controlling is the management operation of controlling organizational achievement

towards the accomplishment of organizational intentions. The job of controlling
comprises ascertaining criteria of performance, computing the current performance,
comparing this with organized rules and taking remedial action where any divergence
is observed. Here management should ascertain what activities and outputs are
important to progress, how and where they can be regulated and who should have the
power to take remedial response.

2. Explain the Hierarchy of management and the different behaviours of

management?

What is Hierarchy?

A hierarchy is a system of organizing people into different ranks or levels of

importance, for example in society or in a company. In a simple term hierarchy means
how people in an establishment are organize into various levels along with their
interactions and responsibility in that level.

Management level are divided into three:

1. Top-level Management
2. Middle- Level Management
3. Lower-level Management

Top-Level Management

They comprise of the senior-most executives of the company. The top management is
the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It
devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.
he role of the top management can be summarized as follows -

Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures,
schedules etc.

I. It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.

II. It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.
III. It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
IV. It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
V. It provides guidance and direction.
VI. The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the
performance of the enterprise.
Middle-Level Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are
responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They
devote more time to organizational and directional functions.

In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in
big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role
can be emphasized as -

They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and
directives of the top management.

I. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.

II. They participate in employment & training of lower level management.
III. They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.
IV. They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or
department.
V. It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.
VI. They evaluate performance of junior managers.
VII. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better
performance.

Low- Level Management

Lower level is also known as supervisory/operative level of management. It consists
of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc.

According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose

work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”.

In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of
management. Their activities include -

I. Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.

II. They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
III. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.
IV. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the
organization.
V. They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals
etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.
VI. They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
VII. They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
VIII. They are responsible for providing training to the workers.
IX. They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.
X. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.
XI. They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
XII. They motivate workers.
XIII. They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact
with the workers.