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Chapter 7
4. The integers are the numbers …, −4, −3, −2, 40. Number Sign Absolute Value
6. The absolute value of a number is its distance 42. Two: −0.5 and 0.5
from 0 on the number line.
44. No; at most two numbers can have the same
8. For two numbers on the number line, the absolute value.
number on the right is larger.
For Exercises 46 through 64, the larger number is
boxed.
10.
46. 6 and 9
2. Highlight from −5 to 3.
76. 8 23 0 True
3. Yes. Answers will vary.
78. 3.1, 3, 0, 3.5, 4
1
80. 2.7, 2 , 2, 3
2
7.2 Adding Signed Numbers
82. −6 km Exercises
14. The sum of a number and its opposite is 0. 32. The sum of any number and 0 is that number.
5.5 0 5.5
2 2 0
34. The sum of any number and its opposite is 0.
16. 12 12 and 7 7 0.7 0.7 0
Subtract the absolute values.
36. 6.1 6.1 and 5.9 5.9
12 7 5
Because −12 has the larger absolute value and Subtract the smaller from the larger.
its sign is negative, the sum is also negative. 6.1 5.9 0.2
12 7 5 Because 6.1 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is positive, the sum is also positive.
18. 20 20 and 60 60 6.1 5.9 0.2
Subtract the absolute values.
60 20 40 38. 0.8 0.8 and 0.5 0.5
Because 60 has the larger absolute value and its Add the absolute values. 0.8 0.5 1.3
sign is positive, the sum is also positive. Because both numbers are negative,
20 60 40 their sum is negative.
0.8 0.5 1.3
20. 5 5 and 3 3
Subtract the smaller from the larger. 1 1 2 2
53 2 40. 1 1 and 2 2
3 3 3 3
Because 5 has the larger absolute value and its
1 2
sign is positive, the sum is also positive. Add the absolute values. 1 2 4
5 3 2 3 3
Because both numbers are negative,
their sum is negative.
22. 50 50 and 40 40 1 2
1 2 4
Add the absolute values: 50 40 90 3 3
Because both numbers are negative,
the sum is negative. 50 40 90
1 1 5 5 1
42. 2 2 and 54. 8 4 8
6 6 6 6 4
Subtract the smaller from the larger. 1 1
12 8 20
1 5 13 5 8 4 1 4 4
2 , or 1
6 6 6 8 6 3 3
1
Because 2 has the larger absolute value and
56. 3 8 9 3 4
6 8 3 3 9 4
its sign is positive, the sum is also positive.
1 5
2 1
1 11 16
6 6 3 5
44. 14 14 and
1
1 58. 9 3 8 4 5
3 3 9 8 5 3 4
Subtract the smaller from the larger.
1 2 22 7
14 13
3 3 15
Because −14 has the larger absolute value and
its sign is negative, the sum is also negative. 60. 6 18 15 7 3
1 2
14 13 6 15 3 18 7
3 3
24 25
3 3 1 1 1
46. 1 1 and 2 2
8 8 4 4
Subtract the smaller from the larger. 62. 5.25 0.4 3
1 3 9 11 18 11 7 5.65 3
2 1
4 8 4 8 8 8 8 2.65
1
Because 2 has the larger absolute value and
4 64. 3.7 1.88 5
its sign is negative, the sum is also negative.
3 1 7 5.58 5
1 2
8 4 8 0.58
2 1 3 1
72. 4 2 6 6 7.3 Subtracting
9 9 9 3
Signed Numbers
74. 1.7 3.95 10 5.65 10 4.35
Exercises
76. 2, 456 350 2,106
2. Every subtraction problem has a related addition
The balance on her credit card is 2,106.
problem.
20. 0 56 56
Mindstretchers
22. 15 15 15 15 30
1. a. + +3 −2 −1
+4 7 2 3
24. 14 14 14 14 28
−3 0 −5 −4
−1 2 −3 −2
26. 7 34 7 34 27
b. The sum of the numbers in each row is
three times the number in the left margin.
So the overall sum is three times the sum 28. 300 100 300 100 400
of the numbers in the left margin, or 0.
30. 9.1 10.84 9.1 10.84 1.74
2. No, adding a negative number results in a sum
smaller than the other addend.
32. 8.6 0.7 8.6 0.7 9.3
3. Add −2, then add 1. The missing numbers are
−10, −9, −11. 34. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
44. 9
1 1
9 9
1 70. 2 4 2 4 6
8 8 8 They are 6 floors apart.
1 1 1 1
46. 6 1 6 1 7
5 72. 1, 000 1,789 1,000 1,789
2 3 2 3 6 2, 789 2,800
Ethiopia is about 2,800 years older than the U.S.
48. 10 6 8
74. 49 62 13
4 8 12 The temperature at 8 A.M. was −13°F.
50. 8 9
8 76. a. 2001: $127.4 billion;
2002: −$157.8 billion
0 9 9
b. 127.4 157.8 127.4 157.8 285.2
52. 4.6 5 3.6 The difference between the surplus and the
deficit is $285.2 billion.
4.6
5 3.6
78. a. Mon to Tue: $40.15 $39.63 $0.52
9.6 3.6 6
Tue to Wed: $39.44 $40.15 $0.71
1 1 1 1
54. 2 3 5 2 3 5 Wed to Thur: $38.84 $39.44 $0.60
2 4 2 4
Thur to Fri: $37.97 $38.84 $0.87
1 1 3
2 8 5 b. Closing Price: $39.63 $0.86 $38.77
2 4 4
14. 1 1 and 5 5
0.3 0.2 0.06
1 5 5
28. 3 3 and 0.3 0.3
The factors have different signs so
the product is negative.
3 0.3 0.9
The factors have different signs so
1 5 5
the product is negative.
3 0.3 0.9
44. 0.2 3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.008 68. 8 2 3 1 16 3 13
74.
1
15 32 3 32 29 92. 25 7 175 175 mg
5 Her medication decreased by 175 mg.
840 4
112 121 The Panthers team scored 4 more points than its
opponents.
82. 52 4 6 4 9 8
25 4 10 72 98. 6 2 12 12 in.
25 40 72 At the end of the period, the change in water
level in the reservoir was 12 in.
15 72 57
100. a. 15 1.8 27 27 lb
84. Input Output
His net change in weight was −27 pounds.
a. −2 5 2 1 11
b. 183 27 156
b. −1 5 1 1 6 After 15 weeks, he weighed 156 pounds.
c. 0 5 0 1 1
d. +1 5 1 1 4
Mindstretchers
e. +2 5 2 1 9
1. The product will always be larger, since the
1 1 3 4 product is positive and the sum is negative.
86. 1 1
2 3 2 3 2. −1 3 −2
12 2 −2 6 −4
2
6 −3 3 −9 6
−2 2 −6 4
2 4 9 8 9 The column headings sum to 0, so each row
88.
3 5 10 15 10 sums to 0.
72 12
3. No, it is not possible. If the salesman loses
150 25 money on each item sold, the more items (or
volume) he sells, the more money he loses. That
2 2 is, the product of a negative number (the loss on
90. 10 2 6 4 7 100 6 3
25 25 each item) and a positive number (the number of
200 items) is always negative.
18
25
8 18 26
18. 8 8 and 4 4
7.5 Dividing Signed Numbers 84 2
The numbers have the same sign so
Exercises
the quotient is positive.
2. The quotient of two numbers with different 8 4 2
signs is negative.
20. 8 8 and 2 2
4. Every division problem has a related
multiplication problem. 82 4
The numbers have different signs so
6. 7 7 and 1 1 the quotient is negative.
7 1 7 8 2 4
The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is positive. 22. 20 20 and 2 2
7 1 7 20 2 10
The numbers have different signs so
8. 0 divided by any nonzero number is 0. the quotient is negative.
03 0 20 2 10
12. 12 12 and 4 4
26. 0.26 0.26 and 2 2
12 4 3
0.26 2 0.13
The numbers have different signs so
The numbers have different signs so
the quotient is negative.
the quotient is negative.
12 4 3
0.26 2 0.13
14. 300 300 and 3 3
28. 9 9 and 0.6 0.6
300 3 100
9 0.6 15
The numbers have the same sign so
The numbers have different signs so
the quotient is positive.
the quotient is negative.
300 3 100
9 0.6 15
16. 20 20 and 10 10
30. 2.6 2.6 and 0.2 0.2
20 10 2
2.6 0.2 13
The numbers have different signs so
The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is negative.
the quotient is positive.
20 10 2
2.6 0.2 13
5 5 42. 1 1 and 7 7
32.
6 6 The numbers have different signs so
1 1 the quotient is negative.
5 5 5 6
1 1 1
6 6 6 5
1 1 7 7
The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is positive. 44. 3 3 and 11 11
5 5 3 3
1
6 6 11 11
The numbers have the same sign so
1 1 the quotient is positive.
34. 9 9 and 3 3
3 3
1 9 3 11 11
9 27
3 1 1
The numbers have different signs so 46. 5 5 and 10 10
the quotient is negative. 5 1
1 10 2
9 27 The numbers have different signs so
3
the quotient is negative.
1 1 3 5 1
36. 30 30 and 1 1
2 2 2 10 2
10
1 30 3 30 2 48. 2 2 and 11 11
30 1 20
2 1 2 1 3 2 2
1 11 11
The numbers have different signs so The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is negative. the quotient is positive.
1 2 2
30 1 20
2 11 11
54. 3 4 2 12 2 6 80. 12 5 1 6 1 2
12 4 6 1
56. 4 6 2
1 5 2 4
2 2 2
3 6 9
1
4 16 , or 0.25
4 82. 0.75 0.5 1.5
16 1.52 16 2.25 36 0.52 0.32 0.2 2 0.25 0.09 0.04
66. 36 94.
1 1 1 3 3
0.38
0.13
68. 12 2 2 5 3 24 4 15
2
3
20 15 5
11 9 20
96. a. 10
70. 49 7 4 3 49 49 12
2
2 2
The average quarterly stockholders’ equity
49 49 12 for the first two quarters was −$10 billion.
1 12 11
11 ( 9) ( 8) ( 6) 2 32
b. 8
72. 10 8 4 5 10 2 5 4 4
10 10 0 The average for the four quarters would have
been −$8 billion.
76. 2 8 12 6 12 72 1. 1296, 648, 216, 108, 36, 18, 6, 3, 1,
1
2
78. 10 8 2 5 3 2 2 5 3 2. Answers may vary.
1 15
3. The opposite of a number is what we add to the
1 15 16 number to obtain 0. The reciprocal of a number
is what we multiply the number by to obtain 1.
II
III
II
III
IV