Mathematics

in the
Modern World

Ms. Shaina Lyra B. Macatangay

Instructor, College of Science
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
What is Mathematics?
The study of relationships among Numbers, Quantities
and Shapes
Enhances our Critical Thinking Skills, Reasoning and
Creativity
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
(1991) defines the nature of mathematics as follows:
Mathematics is a study of patterns and relationship, a
way of thinking, an art, a language, and a tool. It is
about patterns and relationships. Numbers are just a
way to express those patterns and relationships.
 Patterns and Numbers
in the nature and in our world

Patterns are everywhere. They are deeply embedded all

around us

Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in

the natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts
and can sometimes be modeled mathematically.
Symmetry
Symmetry occurs when there is congruence in dimensions, due
proportions and arrangement.
It provides a sense of harmony and balance.
Symmetry can be found everywhere. It can be seen from different
viewpoints namely; nature, the arts and architecture, mathematics;
especially geometry and science.
Reflection or Bilateral Symmetry
The simplest kind of symmetry
It can also be called mirror symmetry because
an object with this symmetry looks unchanged
if a mirror passes through its middle.
If a shape can be folded in half so that one half
fits exactly on top of the other, then we say that
the shapes are symmetric. The fold is called a
line of symmetry because it divides the shape
into two equal parts.
Bilateral-symmetric objects have at least one
line or axis of symmetry. The lines of symmetry
may be in any direction.
Radial symmetry
It is rotational symmetry around a fixed
point known as the center.
Images with more than one lines of
symmetry meeting at a common point
exhibits a radial symmetry.
An equilateral triangle and circles are
examples
Rosette Patterns
Rosette patterns consist of taking motif
or an element and rotating and/or
reflecting that element.
There are two types of rosette patterns
namely cyclic and dihedral.
A rosette pattern is Cyclic if it only
admits rotational symmetries.
A rosette pattern is Dihedral if it admits
both rotational symmetries and bilateral
or reflectional symmetries.
Frieze Pattern
A frieze or border pattern is a pattern in which a basic motif
repeats itself over and over in one direction.

It extends to the left and right in a way that the pattern can be
mapped onto itself by a horizontal translation.
Frieze Pattern
Mathematician John B. Conway
invented the names of these
Frieze Patterns
Wall Pattern
It is a pattern with translation symmetry in two
directions. It is, therefore, essentially an arrangement of
friezes stacked upon one another to fill the entire plane.
Any particular wallpaper pattern is made up of a
combination of the following symmetries; reflection,
rotation and glide reflection.
According to Nocon (2016), in order for a plane figure to
be considered a wallpaper pattern, it must have at least
the basic unit, one copy by translation, and a copy of
these two by translation in the second direction. There
must be at least two rows, each one-off at least two units
long.
Tessellations
A tessellation or tiling is a repeating pattern of figures that
covers a plane with no gaps or overlaps.
It is just like a wallpaper group in which patterns are
created by repeating a shape to fill the plane
Fibonacci Sequence

We start with 1 and another 1. Add them, we get 2. Add 1 and

2, we get 3. Add 2 and 3, we get 5. Add 3 and 5, we get 8. If we
continue repeating the process, we obtain the sequence
1,1,2, 3,5,8,13, …
which is known as the Fibonacci sequence.

Each number in the sequence is the sum of two numbers which

precede it
Fibonacci Sequence

The Fibonacci sequence was

invented by the Italian Leonardo
Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250), who is
known in mathematical history by
several names: Leonardo of Pisa
(Pisano means “from Pisa”) and
Fibonacci (which means “son of
Bonacci”)
November 23 is the Fibonacci Day
The Fibonacci Sequence is defined by
Recursive Formula
Binet Formula

Example:
Find the 10th term of Fibonacci Sequence
Binet Formula
Example: Example:
Find the 25th term of Find the 30th term of
Fibonacci Sequence Fibonacci Sequence
Golden Ratio
The red curve is known as the Fibonacci Spiral
Example of Fibonacci Sequence
Mathematics for Our World

Mathematics is everywhere; whether it is on land, sea or air, online

or on the front line, mathematics underpins every nook and cranny
of modern life. Far from a quaint subject to be forgotten upon
leaving school, it is the glue that holds our world.

Roger Bacon (1214-1294), an English Franciscan friar,

philosopher, scientist and scholar of the 13th century, once stated:
“Neglect of mathematics works injury to all knowledge, since he
who is ignorant of it cannot know the other sciences or the things
of the world.”
Math helps us understand or make sense of the world - and we use
the world to understand math. It is therefore important that we learn
math contents needed to solve complex problems in a complex
world; learn the mathematical knowledge and skills we need to
understand the world and make contributions to the global
community.
Applications of Mathematics in Our World
• Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world;
• Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and many phenomena;
• Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own good;
• Mathematics has applications in many human endeavors
THANK YOU
And
GOD BLESS