økrýík (çkurÍf) «§Ãkºk - 3

Mk{Þ : 3 f÷kf fw÷ økwý : 80

rð¼køk - A
1. (B) MktÃkkíke hu¾kyku
2. (C) rððu[f < 0
3. (C) 3
 11 
4. (D)  , 7 
 2 
5. (D) 1
6. (C) 30-40
7. pqr
8. 5
1
9.
3
10. 9
11. 7
12. 350
13. ¾hwt
14. ¾kuxwt
15. ¾hwt
16. ¾kuxwt
17. 55
18. ðíkwo¤Lkk Mk{ík÷{kt Ëkuhu÷e fkuE hu¾k ðíkwo¤Lku yuf s ®çkËw{kt AuËu, íkku íku hu¾kLku ðíkwo¤Lkku MÃkþof fnu Au.
1
19.
4
20. 8
21. økku÷fLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ (c) 4r2
2 3
22. yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤ (b) r
3

23.  rºkßÞk Ähkðíkk ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤  (c) 3

π
24. rºkßÞk Ähkðíkk ðíkwo¤Lkku ÃkrhÄ (b) 2
2

rð¼køk - B

25. ynª, rî½kík çknwÃkËe p(x) = x2 + 13x + 36 ykÃku÷ Au.

p(x) = x2 + 13x + 36
= x2 + 4x + 9x + 36
= x (x + 4) + 9 (x + 4)
= (x + 4) (x + 9)

58 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)

 nðu, çknwÃkËeLkkt þqLÞku þkuÄðk p(x) = 0 ÷uíkkt,
(x + 4) (x + 9) = 0
 (x + 4) = 0 yÚkðk (x + 9) = 0
 x = – 4 yÚkðk x = – 9
yk{, ykÃku÷ rî½kík çknwÃkËeLkkt þqLÞku – 4 yLku – 9 Au.
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku = (– 4) + (– 9)
 13
=
1
  x Lkku Mknøkwýf 
=
x 2 Lkku Mknøkwýf
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfkh  = (– 4) . (– 9)
36
=
1
y[¤ ÃkË
=
2
x Lkku Mknøkwýf
26. ynª, rî½kík çknwÃkËe p(x) = x2 + 9x + 14 ykÃku÷ Au.
p(x) = x2 + 9x + 14
= x2 + 2x + 7x + 14
= x (x + 2) + 7 (x + 2)
= (x + 2) (x + 7)
nðu, çknwÃkËeLkkt þqLÞku þkuÄðk p(x) = 0 ÷uíkkt,
(x + 2) (x + 7) = 0
     (x + 2) = 0 yÚkðk (x + 7) = 0
 x = – 2 yÚkðk x = – 7
yk{, ykÃku÷ rî½kík çknwÃkËeLkkt þqLÞku – 2 yLku – 7 Au.
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku = (– 2) + (– 7)
9
=
1
  x Lkku Mknøkwýf 
=
x 2 Lkku Mknøkwýf
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfkh = (– 2) . (– 7)
14
=
1
(y[¤ ÃkË)
=
( x 2 Lkku Mknøkwýf)
27. rî½kík Mk{efhý 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 Lkkt çkes Mk{kLk nkuÞ íkku rððu[f b2 – 4ac = 0 ÚkkÞ.
ynª, 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 Lku ax2 + bx + c = 0 MkkÚku Mkh¾ktðíkk,
 a = 2, b = k yLku c = 3
nðu, rððu[f b2 – 4ac = 0 {kt WÃkhkuõík ®f{íkku {qfíkkt,
 (k)2 – 4 (2) (3) = 0

Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 59

  k2 – 24 = 0
 k2 = 24
 k ± 46
k± 2 6 sðkçk
1 1 16 5
28. ynª, a = – 3, d = a2 – a1 = – – (– 3) = – + 3 = =
2 2 2 2
yLku n = 11
nðu, an = a + (n – 1) d
5
   a11 = – 3 + (11 – 1)
2
5
   a11 = – 3 + (10)
2
   a11 = – 3 + 25
   a11 = 22
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 11{wt ÃkË 22 Au. sðkçk
29. ynª, Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 11 {wt ÃkË 38 ykÃku÷ Au.
 a11 = 38
an = a + (n – 1)d
nðu n = 11 ÷uíkk,
a11 = a + (11 – 1)d
 a + 10d = 38 ...(i)
Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 16 {wt ÃkË 73 ykÃku÷ Au.
 a16 = 73
an = a + (n – 1)d
nðu n = 16 ÷uíkk,
a16 = a + (16 – 1)d
a + 15d = 73 ...(ii)
Mk{efhý (ii) {ktÚke Mk{efhý (i) çkkË fhíkkt,
a + 15d =73
a + 10d = 38
– – –
5d = 35
 d =7
d = 7 Lkwt {qÕÞ Mk{efhý (ii) {kt {qfíkkt,
a + 15d = 73
 a + 15(7) = 73
 a + 105 = 73
 a = 73 – 105
 a = –32
nðu, an = a + (n – 1)d
 a31 = (–32) + (31 – 1)7 ( a = –32, d = 7 íkÚkk n = 31 ÷uíkkt)

60 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)

 = (–32) + (30)7
= –32 + 210
 a31 = 178
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 31{wt ÃkË 178 Au. sðkçk
30.

O
A(x, y) B(1, 4)
(2, –3)

Äkhku fu, ÔÞkMkLkwt yuf yíÞt®çkËw A(x, y) Au. ynª AB yu ðíkwo¤Lkku ÔÞkMk nkuðkÚke ðíkwo¤Lkwt fuLÿ O(2, –3) yu B(1, 4)
yLku A(x, y) Lku òuzíkkt hu¾k¾tzLkwt {æÞ®çkËw Úkþu.
 x  1 y  4
{æÞ®çkËw O Lkkt Þk{ =  ,
 2 2 
 x  1 y  4
 (2, –3) =  ,
 2 2 
çktLku çkkswLkkt Þk{ Mkh¾kðíkkt,
x 1 y4
2 yLku 3 
2 2
 4 = x + 1 yLku  –6 = y + 4
 4 – 1 = x yLku  –6 – 4 = y
 x=3 yLku  y = –10
yk{, A ®çkËwLkk Þk{ (x, y) = (3, –10) sðkçk
31. ynª, A(6, 1), B(8, 2), C(9, 4) yLku D(P, 3) yu Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuýLkk rþhku®çkËwyku Au.
ABCD Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý nkuðkÚke íkuLkk rðfýkuo AC yLku BD ÃkhMÃkh {æÞ®çkËwyu Ëw¼køku Au.
 AC Lkk {æÞ®çkËwLkk Þk{ = BD Lkk {æÞ®çkËwLkk Þk{
   9 1 4   8  P 23 
 ,  ,
 2 2   2 2  A (6, 1) D (P, 3)

 15 5   8  P 5 
  ,  , 
 2 2  2 2
15 8  P
 
2 2 B (8, 2) C (9, 4)
 15 = 8 + P
 P = 15 – 8
P=7 sðkçk A
32.  ABC {kt B = 90o, BC = 3 yLku AC = 5 Au.
ÃkkRÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ «{kýu,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
 AB2 + (3)2 = (5)2 ? 5
 AB2 + 9 = 25
 AB2 = 25 – 9
 AB2 = 16
B C
 AB = 4 3
Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 61
 Mkk.çkk.
nðu, tan A =
Ãkk.çkk.
BC
=
AB
3
= sðkçk
4
cos  sin
33. ynª,
cos  sin

Ëhuf ÃkËLku sin ðzu ¼køkíkkt,

cos sin

cos  sin sin sin
= cos sin
cos  sin 
sin sin
cot   1
=
cot   1
4
1
3  4
= 4   cot   
1  3
3
43
= 3
43
3
1
= 3
7
3

1
= sðkçk
7
34. ykf]rík{kt ËþkoÔÞk «{kýu,
Äkhku fu, xkðhLke Ÿ[kE AB Au. ®çkËw C Úke xkðhLke xku[ A Lkku WíMkuÄfkuý 30o Au.
BC = 30 {exh Au.
fkxfkuý  ABC {kt,
AB A
tan 30o =
BC
1 AB xkðh
 
3 30 30º
B C
30 {exh
 3 AB = 30
30
 AB =
3
3  10
=
3
62 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)
 3  3  10
=
3
= 3 × 10
= 10 3 {exh
yk{, xkðhLke Ÿ[kE 10 3 {exh Au. sðkçk
35. Lk¤kfkhLke Ÿ[kE = þtfwLke Ÿ[kE h = 2.4 Mku{e
1.4
Lk¤kfkhLke rºkßÞk = þtfwLke rºkßÞk r   0.7 Mku{e
2
þtfwLke ríkÞof Ÿ[kE
l2 = h2 + r2
2.4 Mku{e
 l2 = (2.4)2 + (0.7)2
 l2 = 5.76 + 0.49
 l2 = 6.25
 l = 2.5 Mku{e
ðÄu÷k ÃkËkÚkoLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 1.4 Mku{e
= Lk¤fkhLkwt ð¢Ãk]cV¤ + Lk¤kfkhLkk ÃkkÞkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + þtfwLkwt ð¢ Ãk]cV¤
= 2rh + r2 + rl
= r (2h + r + l)
22
=  0.7  2  2.4  0.7  2.5 
7
= 2.2 × 8
= 17.6 Mku{e2
= 18 Mku{e2 (LkSfLkk Mku{e2 {kt)
yk{, ðÄu÷k ÃkËkÚkoLkwt fw÷ Ãk]»XV¤ 18 Mku{e2 Au. sðkçk
36. Mk{½LkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ = 6 × (çkkswLkwt {kÃk)2 4.2 Mku{e

= 6 × 5 × 5 Mku{e2
= 150 Mku{e2 5 Mku{e
4.2
yÄoøkku÷fLke rºkßÞk r = = 2.1 Mku{e 5 Mku{e
2
ynª, yÄoøkku÷fLkk ÃkkÞkLkk ûkuºkV¤Lkku Mk{½LkLkk fw÷
Ãk]cV¤{kt Mk{kðuþ ÚkE òÞ Au. 5 Mku{e
íkuÚke, þku-ÃkeMkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ = Mk{½LkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ – yÄoøkku÷fLkk ðíkwo¤kfkh ykÄkhLkwt ûkuºkV¤
+ yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 150 – r2 + 2r2 Mku{e2
= (150 + r2)Mku{e2
 22 
= 150 Mku{e2 +   2.1  2.1  Mku{e2
 7 
= 150 + 13.86 Mku{e 2

= 163.86 Mku{e2 sðkçk

Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 63

37. ynª, {n¥k{ ykð]r¥k 7 yu ðøko 40-55 Lke ykð]r¥k Au. ykÚke, 40-55 yu çknw÷f ðøko Au.
l = 40, h = 15, f1 = 7, f0 = 3, f2 = 6
 f1  f0 
çknw÷f Z = l +  2 f  f  f  × h
 1 0 2
 73 
= 40 +   × 15
 2(7)  3  6 
 4 
= 40 +   × 15
 14  9 
4
= 40 + × 15
5
= 40 + 4 × 3
= 40 + 12
= 52 økwý sðkçk

rð¼køk – C
38. ynª 3x + 4y = 10 ... (1)
2x + 2y = 2 ... (2)
Mk{efhý (2) Lku 2 ðzu økwýíkkt,
4x + 4y = 4 ... (3)
Mk{efhý (1) {ktÚke Mk{efhý (3) çkkË fhíkkt,
3x + 4y = 10
4x + 4y = 4
– – –
–x=6
x=–6
nðu, x = – 6 Mk{efhý (2) {kt {qfíkkt,
2x + 2y = 2
 2(– 6) + 2y = 2
 – 12 + 2y = 2
 2y = 2 + 12
 2y = 14
y=7
 Mk{efhýLkku Wfu÷ (x, y) = (– 6, 7) sðkçk
39. Äkhku fu, çku ytfkuLke MktÏÞkLkk ËþfLkku ytf yLku yuf{Lkku ytf yLkw¢{ x yLku y Au.
 {q¤ MktÏÞk 10x + y ÚkkÞ.
(WËknhý íkhefu 56 = 10 (5) + 6)
ßÞkhu ytfkuLke yË÷kçkË÷e fhíkkt x yu yuf{Lkku ytf yLku y ËþfLkku ytf çkLkþu.
 {¤íke Lkðe MktÏÞk 10y + x ÚkkÞ.
(WËknhý íkhefu, 56 Lkk ytfkuLke yË÷kçkË÷e ÃkAeLkwt MðYÃk 65 = 10 (6) + 5)
ykÃku÷ þhík yLkwMkkh,
(10x + y) + (10y + x) = 66
 11(x + y) = 66
x+y=6 ...(1)
64 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)
 ykÃkýLku ykÃku÷ Au fu íku MktÏÞkLkk çku ytfkuLkku íkVkðík 2 Au.
x–y=2 ...(2)
yÚkðk y – x = 2 ...(3)
Mk{efhý (1) yLku Mk{efhý (2) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
x+y=6
+ x–y=2
2x = 8
 x = 4
Mk{efhý (1) {kt x = 4 {qfíkkt
4+y=6
y=2
 {ktøku÷ MktÏÞk 42 ÚkkÞ.
nðu, Mk{efhý (1) yLku Mk{efhý (3) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
x+y=6
–x + y = 2
2y = 8
y=4
Mk{efhý (1) {kt y = 4 {qfíkkt,
x+4=6
x=2
 {ktøku÷ MktÏÞk 24 ÚkkÞ.
yk{, rfMMkk (1) yLku (2) ÃkhÚke {ktøku÷ MktÏÞk 42 yLku 24 {¤u Au. sðkçk
40. ynª, a = ` 5000 d = ` 200 an = ` 7000 n=?
an = a + (n – 1) d
 7000 = 5000 + (n – 1) 200
 7000 – 5000 = (n – 1) 200
 2000 = (n – 1) 200
2000
 n – 1 =
200
 n – 1 = 10
 n = 10 + 1 = 11
 11 ð»kuo íku{Lke ykðf ` 7000 ÚkkÞ. sðkçk
41. A (2, – 2) P Q B (–7, 4)
Äkhku fu, A(x1 , y1) = A(2, –2)
B(x2 , y2) = B(–7, 4)
suÚke, AP = PQ = QB
Äkhku fu, P yLku Q yu AB Lku rºk¼køkíkkt ®çkËwyku Au.
suÚke, AP = PQ = QB
{kxu, P yu AB Lkwt 1:2 økwýku¥kh{kt ytík:rð¼ksLk fhu Au.

Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 65

  m1 = 1, m2 = 2

 m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1 
®çkËw P Lkk Þk{ =  m  m , 
 1 2 m1  m2 

 1(  7)  2(2) 1(4)  2(  2) 
®çkËw P Lkk Þk{ =  , 
 12 12 
 7  4 4  4
=  , 
 3 3 
= (–1, 0)
nðu, Q yu AB Lkwt 2:1 økwýku¥kh{kt ytík:rð¼ksLk fhu,
 m1 = 2, m2 = 1

 m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1 
®çkËw Q Lkk Þk{ =  m  m , 
 1 2 m1  m2 

 2(  7)  1(2) 2(4)  1(  2) 
 ®çkËw Q Lkk Þk{ =  , 
 21 21 

  14  2 8  2 
=  , 
 3 3 

= (–4, 2)

ykÚke, A yLku B Lku òuzíkk hu¾k¾tzLkk rºk¼køk ®çkËwykuLkk Þk{ (– 1, 0) yLku (– 4, 2) ÚkkÞ. sðkçk
LkkUÄ : ykÃkýu Q yLku PBLkk {æÞ®çkËw íkhefu ÷ELku Ãký íkuLkk Þk{ {u¤ðe þfeyu. yk {kxu ykÃkýu {æÞ®çkËwLkk MkqºkLkku
WÃkÞkuøk fhe íkuLkk Þk{ {u¤ðe þfeyu.
42. Äkhku fu, P(x, y) yu ®çkËwyku A(7, 1) yLku B (3, 5) Úke Mk{kLk ytíkhu Au.
P (x, y )

A (7, 1) B (3, 5)
 PA = PB
 PA2 = PB2
 (x – 7)2 + (y – 1)2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2
 x2 – 14x + 49 + y2 – 2y + 1 = x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 10y + 25
 –14x – 2y + 50 = – 6x – 10y + 34
 –14x + 6x – 2y + 10y = 34 – 50
 –8x + 8y = –16
 –x + y = –2 ( Ëhuf ÃkËLku 8 ðzu ¼køkíkkt)
 x–y=2
yk{, x yLku y ðå[uLkku MktçktÄ x – y = 2 Au. sðkçk
66 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)
43. Ãkûk : XY yu O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku P ®çkËwyu MÃkþof Au.
MkkæÞ : OP  XY

Y X
P Q
Mkkrçkíke : XY Ãkh P rMkðkÞLkwt fkuE ®çkËw Q ÷ku íkÚkk OQ Ëkuhku. ®çkËw Q ðíkwo¤Lkk çknkhLkk ¼køk{kt s nkuÞ, fkhý fu òu
íku ðíkwo¤Lkk ytËhLkk ¼køk{kt nkuÞ, íkku XY ðíkwo¤Lke AurËfk çkLku, MÃkþof Lknª.
 OQ yu ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk fhíkkt {kuxe ÚkkÞ.
yk{, OQ > OP.
yk nfefík XY ÃkhLkk P rMkðkÞLkk fkuE Ãký ®çkËw Q {kxu Mkk[e Au. ykÚke OP yu O Úke XY Lkwt ykuAk{kt ykuAwt ytíkh
Au. ykÚke OP yu XY Lku ÷tçk Au, yux÷u fu, OP  XY.
44. ykf]r¥k{kt ËþkoÔÞk «{kýu, fkxfkuý  OPQ {kt,
OQ2 + PQ2 = OP2
 OQ2 + (5)2 = (13)2 O
 OQ2 + 25 = 169
13
 OQ2 = 169 – 25
 OQ2 = 144
 OQ = 12 Q 5 P
 rºkßÞk OQ = 12
 ðíkwo¤Lkku ÔÞkMk = 2 × rºkßÞk
= 2 × 12
= 24 sðkçk
xi  a
45. yûkhkuLke MktÏÞk yxfkuLke MktÏÞk {æÞ®f{ík ui = fiui
h
(ðøko) (fi) (xi)
1-4 6 2.5 –2 – 12
4-7 30 5.5 –1 – 30
7-10 40 a = 8.5 0 00
10-13 16 11.5 1 16
13-16 4 14.5 2 08
16-19 4 17.5 3 12

 fi = 100 – –  fiui = – 6
fw÷
ynª, a = 8.5 yLku h = 3
 fi ui
{æÞf x = a +  f × h
i
( 6)
= 8.5 + ×3
100
18
= 8.5 –
100
= 8.5 – 0.18
= 8.32 yûkhku sðkçk
Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 67
46. ynª, Ãkuxe{kt fw÷ 8 + 7 + 6 = 21 ÷¾kuxeyku Au.
    fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 21
(i) ½xLkk A : çknkh fkZu÷ ÷¾kuxe ÷k÷ nkuÞ.
Ãkuxe{kt 8 ÷k÷ ÷¾kuxeyku Au.
 ½xLkk A Lku MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk 8 ÚkkÞ.
8
 P(A) =
21
(ii) ½xLkk B : çknkh fkZu÷ ÷¾kuxe MkVuË nkuÞ.
Ãkuxe{kt 7 MkVuË ÷¾kuxeyku Au.
 ½xLkk B Lku MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk 7 ÚkkÞ.
7
 P(B) =
21
1
=
3
(iii) ½xLkk C : çknkh fkZu÷ ÷¾kuxe ÷e÷e Lk nkuÞ.
 ½xLkk C çknkh fkZu÷ ÷¾kuxe ÷e÷e nkuÞ.
Ãkuxe{kt 6 ÷e÷e ÷¾kuxeyku Au.
6
 P( C ) =
21
2
=
7
nðu, P(C) = 1 – P( C )
2
=1–
7
72
=
7
5
= sðkçk
7
rð¼køk - D
47. Ãkûk :  ABC Lke çkksw BC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k çkkfeLke çku çkkswyku AB yLku AC Lku yLkw¢{u D yLku E{kt AuËu Au.
AD AE
MkkæÞ : =
DB EC
A
N M
D E

B C
Mkkrçkíke : BE íkÚkk CD Ëkuhku yLku DM  AC yLku EN  AB Ëkuhku.
1 1
nðu, ar (ADE) =  AD  EN, ( rºkfkuýLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ÃkkÞku  ðuÄ )
2 2
1
ar (BDE) =  DB  EN,,
2
1
ar (ADE) =  AE  DM y™u
2
68 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)
 1
ar (DEC) =  EC  DM
2
1
ar (ADE) 2 × AD×EN AD
 
   ar (BDE) 1 DB ... (1)
×DB×EN
2
1
ar (ADE) 2 × AE×DM AE
 
yLku ar (DEC) 1 EC ... (2)
×EC×DM
2
nðu, BDE yLku DEC yu yuf s ÃkkÞk DE Ãkh y™u Mk{ktíkh hu¾kykuLke òuz BC yLku DE ™e ðå[u ykðu÷k rºkfkuýku
Au.
 ar(BDE) = ar(DEC) ... (3)
nðu Mk{efhýku (1), (2) yLku (3) ÃkhÚke,
AD AE
= .
DB EC
48. Äkhku fu AB ðktMk yLku DE r{Lkkhku Au.
D
A

6 {exh ðktMk h {exh

r{Lkkhku
B C
4 {exh E 28 {exh F
ABC {kt 6 {exh Ÿ[kELkku rþhku÷tçk ðktMk AB Au. AB ðktMkLkku ÃkzAkÞku BC = 4 {exh Au.
DEF {kt h {exh Ÿ[kELkku rþhku÷tçk r{Lkkhku DE Au.
DE r{LkkhkLkku ÃkzAkÞku EF = 28 {exh Au.
ABC yLku DEF {kt,
  B = E (Ëhuf 900 Lkku ¾qýku)
  A = D (MkqÞoLkku ÃkzAkÞku Mk{kLk Mk{Þ{kt Ãkzu Au.)
 ¾q¾q Mk{YÃkíkkLke þhík yLkwMkkh ABC  DEF
AB BC
 
DE EF
6 4
 
h 28
 h × 4 = 6 × 28
6 28
 h=
4
 h = 42 {exh
yk{, r{LkkhkLke Ÿ[kE 42 {exh Au. sðkçk
1
49. ynª, rî½kík Mk{efhý 2x2 – x + = 0 ykÃku÷ Au.
8
Ëhuf ÃkËLku 8 ðzu økwýíkkt,
 16x2 – 8x + 1 = 0
 16x2 – 4x – 4x + 1 = 0
Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 69
  4x (4x – 1) – 1 (4x – 1) = 0
 (4x – 1) (4x – 1) = 0
 (4x – 1) = 0 yÚkðk (4x – 1) = 0
1 1
x= yÚkðk x = Wfu÷ {¤u. sðkçk
4 4
50. ynª, n {wt ÃkË an = 3 + 2n ykÃku÷ Au.
 a1 = 3 + 2(1) = 5
a2 = 3 + 2(2) = 7
a3 = 3 + 2(3) = 9
 Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 5, 7, 9, 11, ... {¤u.
«Úk{ ÃkË a = 5
Mkk{kLÞ íkVkðík d = 7 – 5 = 2
«Úk{ 24 ÃkËkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku S24 = ?
n
nðu, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
24
    S24 = [2(5) + (24 – 1)2] ( n = 24 {qfíkkt)
2
= 12(10 + 46)
= 12(56)
= 672
yk{, ©uýeLkkt «Úk{ 24 ÃkËkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku 672 Úkþu. sðkçk
51. ðøko–ytíkhk÷ ykð]r¥k (fi) Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k cf
0-10 5 5
10-20 x 5+x
20-30 20 25 + x
30-40 15 40 + x
40-50 y 40 + x + y
50-60 5 45 + x + y
fw÷ 45 + x + y –
ynª, fw÷ ykð]r¥k n = fi = 60 ykÃku÷ Au.
 45 + x + y = 60
 x + y = 60 – 45
 x + y = 15
{æÞMÚk 28.5 ykÃku÷ Au suÚke 20-30 ðøko yu {æÞMÚk ðøko çkLku.
n 60
n = 60    30
2 2
{æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k l = 20
yð÷kufLkkuLke fw÷ MktÏÞk (ykð]r¥k) n = 60
{æÞMÚk ðøkoÚke ykøk¤Lkk ðøko (Before) Lke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k cf = 5 + x

70 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)

 {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k f = 20
ðøko÷tçkkE h = 10

n 
 2  cf 
{æÞMÚk  l    h
 f 
 
 30  (5  x ) 
 28.5 = 20 +    10
 20 
30  5  x
 28.5 – 20 =  10
20
25  x
 8.5 =  10
20
 8.5  20 = 10(25 – x)
 170 = 250 – 10x
 10x = 250 – 170
 10x = 80
 x=8
x = 8 Lke ®f{ík x + y = 15 {kt {qfíkkt,
 8 + y = 15
 y = 15 – 8
 y=7
yk{, x yLku y Lkkt {qÕÞku yLkw¢{u 8 yLku 7 ÚkkÞ. sðkçk

n
52. ynª, n = 100  = 50
2
{æÞMÚk 8.05 yu ðøko 7-10 {kt Mk{kÞu÷ nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko 7-10 Au.
ðøko ykð]r¥k (fi) Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k (cf)
1-4 6 6
4-7 a cf = 6 + a
l = 7-10 f = 40 46 + a
10-13 16 62 + a
13-16 b 62 + a + b
16-19 4 66 + a + b
fw÷ 66 + a + b –
ynª, 7-10 yu {æÞMÚk ðøko nkuðkÚke,
n
l=7 = 50
2
h=3 cf = 6 + a
f = 40

Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 71

 n 
 2  cf 
nðu, {æÞMÚk M = l +   ×h
f

 8.05 = 7 +
50  (6  a) × 3
40
(50  6  a )
 8.05 = 7 + ×3
40
44  a
 8.05 – 7 = ×3
40
3(44  a )
 1.05 =
40
 1.05 × 40 = 132 – 3a

 42 = 132 – 3a

 3a = 132 – 42

 3a = 90
90
a=
3
 a = 30
nðu, n = 100
 66 + a + b = 100
 66 + 30 + b = 100 ( a = 30 {qfíkkt)
 96 + b = 100
 b = 100 – 96
 b=4
yk{, a = 30 yLku b = 4 sðkçk
53. 52 Ãk¥kkLke Úkkufze{ktÚke yuf Ãk¥kwt fkZðkLkkt «ÞkuøkLkkt fw÷ Mk{Mkt¼kðe Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 52
(i) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk A : Ãk¥kwt fk¤k htøkLkku yu¬ku nkuÞ
52 Ãk¥kkLkk Zøk{kt fk¤k htøkLkku yu¬ku 2 nkuÞ Au.
yuf fk¤eLkku yLku çkeòu VwÕ÷eLkku
 ½xLkk A WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 2 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk A WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (A) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
2
 P (A) =
52
1
=
26
(ii) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk B : Ãk¥kwt yu¬ku Lk nkuÞ
52 Ãk¥kkLkk Zøk{kt 4 yu¬k nkuÞ Au.
 ½xLkk B WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 52 – 4 = 48 ÚkkÞ.

72 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)

 ½xLkk B WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (B) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
48
 P (B) =
52
12
=
13
(iii) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk C : Ãk¥kwt ÷k÷ htøkLkwt {w¾{wÿkðk¤wt nkuÞ
52 Ãk¥kkLkk Zøk{kt ÷k÷ htøkLkk {w¾{wÿkðk¤k 6 Ãk¥kk nkuÞ Au.
2 hkò + 2 hkýe + 2 økw÷k{ = 6
 ½xLkk C WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 6 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk C WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (C) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
6
 P (C) =
52
3
=
26
(iv) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk D : Ãk¥kwt ÷k÷Lkku økw÷k{ nkuÞ
52 Ãk¥kkLkk Zøk{kt ÷k÷Lkku økw÷k{Lkwt yuf Ãk¥kwt nkuÞ Au.
yuf fk¤eLkku yLku çkeòu VwÕ÷eLkku
 ½xLkk D WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 1 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk D WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (D) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
1
 P (D) =
52
54. 50 p Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk = 100
` 1 Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk = 50
` 2 Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk = 20
` 5 Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk = 10
fw÷ rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk = 180
 þõÞ ík{k{ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 180
(i) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk A : ÃkMktË fhu÷ rMk¬ku 50 P Lkku nkuÞ
økÕ÷k{kt 50 P Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk 100 Au.
 ½xLkk A WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 100 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk A WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (A) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
100
 P (A) =
180
10
=
18
5
=
9

Äkuhý - 10 | ykRrzÞ÷ ÃkuÃkhMkux (yMkkRLk{uLx) 73

 (ii) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk B : ÃkMktË fhu÷ rMk¬ku ` 5 Lkku Lk nkuÞ
ÃkMktË fhu÷ rMk¬ku ` 5 Lkku Lk nkuÞ yÚkkoíkT
` 1, ` 2 yLku ` 5 Lkku nkuÞ yux÷u 100 + 50 + 20 = 170 ÚkkÞ.
 ½xLkk B WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 170 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk B WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (B) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
170
 P (B) =
180
17
=
18
(iii) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk C : ÃkMktË fhu÷ rMk¬ku ` 2 Lkku nkuÞ
økÕ÷k{kt ` 2 Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk 20 Au.
 ½xLkk C WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 20 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk C WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
  P (C) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
20
 P (C) =
180
1
=
9
(iv) Äkhku fu, ½xLkk D : ÃkMktË fhu÷ rMk¬ku ` 1 Lkku nkuÞ
økÕ÷k{kt ` 1 Lkkt rMk¬kLke MktÏÞk 50 Au.
 ½xLkk D WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{ku MktÏÞk 50 ÚkkÞ.
½xLkk D WËT¼ððk {kxuLkk MkkLkwfq¤ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
 P (D) = fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk
50
 P (D) =
180
5
 P (D) =
18

    

74 Äkuhý - 10 | økrýík (çkurÍf)