Drishti Test-20 Hindi With Sol

flfoy lsok (izkjafHkd) VsLV lhjhT+k&2024
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

ijh{k.k iqfLrdk vuqØe
ijh{k.k iqfLrdk
Test Code:
P1/P2/P3-2420 lkekU; vè;;u
VsLV – 20
le; % nks ?k.Vs iw.kk±d % 200
vuqns'k
1. ijh{kk izkjEHk gksus ds rqjUr ckn] vki bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk dh iM+rky vo'; dj ysa fd blesa dksbZ fcuk Nik] iQVk ;k
NwVk gqvk i`"B vFkok iz'u vkfn u gksA ;fn ,slk gks rks bls lgh ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ls cny yhft,A
2. mÙkj&i=kd esa lgh LFkku ij ijh{k.k iqfLrdk vuqØe A, B, C ;k D ;FkkfLFkfr Li"V :i ls dwVc¼ dhft;sA
3. bl iafDr ds lkFk esa fn;s x, dks"Bd esa vkidks viuk vuqØekad fy[kuk
gSA ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ij vkSj oqQN u fy[ksaA
4. bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa 100 iz'uka'k (iz'u) fn;s x, gSaA izR;sd iz'uka'k
fgUnh vkSj vaxzs”kh esa Nik gSA izR;sd iz'uka'k esa pkj izR;qÙkj (mÙkj) fn;s
x, gSaA buesa ls ,d izR;qÙkj dks pqu ysa ftls vki mÙkj&i=kd ij vafdr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn vkidks ,slk yxs fd ,d ls vfèkd
izR;qÙkj lgh gSa rks ml izR;qÙkj dks vafdr djsa tks vkidks loksZÙke yxsA izR;sd iz'uka'k ds fy;s dsoy ,d gh izR;qÙkj pquuk gSA
5. vkidks vius lHkh izR;qÙkj vyx ls fn;s x, mÙkj&i=kd ij gh vafdr djus gSaA mÙkj&i=kd esa fn;s x, funsZ'k ns[k ysaA
6. lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSaA
7. blls igys fd vki ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds fofHkUu iz'uka'kksa ds izR;qÙkj mÙkj i=kd ij vafdr djuk 'kq: djsa] vkidks izos'k izek.k&i=k
ds lkFk izsf"kr vuqns'kksa ds vuqlkj dqN fooj.k mÙkj&i=kd esa nsus gSaA
8. vki vius lHkh izR;qÙkjksa dks mÙkj&i=kd esa Hkjus ds ckn rFkk ijh{kk ds lekiu ij dsoy mÙkj&i=kd vèkh{kd dks lkSai nsaA vkidks
vius lkFk ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ys tkus dh vuqefr gSA
9. dPps dke ds fy;s dqN i=kd ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds var esa layXu gSaA
10. xyr mÙkjksa ds fy;s naM%
oLrqfu"B iz'u&i=kksa esa mEehnokj }kjk fn;s x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy;s naM fn;k tk,xkA

(i) izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s pkj oSdfYid mÙkj gSaA mEehnokj }kjk izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s fn;s x, ,d xyr mÙkj ds fy;s iz'u gsrq fu;r
fd;s x, vadksa dk ,d&frgkbZ naM ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA
(ii) ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vfèkd mÙkj nsrk gS] rks bls xyr mÙkj ekuk tk,xk] pkgs fn;s x, mÙkjksa esa ls ,d mÙkj lgh gks] ml
iz'u ds fy;s mi;qZDrkuqlkj gh naM fn;k tk,xkA
(iii) ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ iz'u gy ugha fd;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mÙkj ugha fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml iz'u ds fy;s dksbZ
n.M ugha fn;k tk,xkA
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

è;ku nsa % vuqns'kksa dk vaxzs”kh :ikUrj bl iqfLrdk ds vafre i`"B ij Nik gSA
1. ¶vfYdjs&iQksLVj fofèk¸ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldks lanfHkZr (c) ;g foÙk ;k fufèk;ksa dks tqVkus dh ,d fofèk gSA
djrh gS\ (d) ;g ,d iQeZ }kjk ,d u, fofuekZ.k la;=a k ;k dk;kZy;
(a) ;g cgqvk;keh fu/Zurk dks ekius dh ,d fofèk gSA esa fd;k x;k fuos'k gSA
(b) ;g vk; vlekurk dks ekius dh ,d fofèk gSA 5- us'kuy VªkaftV ikl flLVe (NTPS) ds lanHkZ esa]
(c) ;g vuqfpr dk;Z djus okyksa ds fy;s viuh voSèk fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
laifÙk okil djus dk ,d rjhdk gSA 1. ;g ,d osc iksVZy vkSj ,d eksckby ,fIyds'ku ds
(d) ;g çfrHkwfr ck”kkj ls tqM+h ,d i¼fr gSA :i esa Hkh dke djrk gSA
2- vVy lsrq Ugkok 'ksok lh fyad ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr 2. bldk mís'; ns'k Hkj esa dk"B vkSj vU; ou mit
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% ds fuckZèk ikjxeu dks lqfoèkktud cukuk gSA
1. ;g Hkkjr dk lcls yack iqy gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ns'k mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
dk lcls yack leqæh iqy Hkh gSA (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
2. bl ifj;kstuk dks :l baVjus'kuy dksvkWijs'ku ,tsalh
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
}kjk foÙk iksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
6- ¶ekWMy vkèkkfjr ½.k¸ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldks lanfHkZr
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
djrk gS\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(a) ,slh ½.k çFkk,¡ tksfd eq[; :i ls ½.knkrk vkSj
½.kdÙkkZ ds chp ,sfrgkfld lacaèkksa ij vkèkkfjr
3- vDlj tu&lekpkjksa esa jgus okyk in] ^fjolZ fÝyfiax* gksrh gSa
lanfHkZr djrk gS (b) fo'ks"k :i ls iQS'ku ekWMy vkSj ekWMfyax m|ksx ls
(a) fons'kh LVkVZvIl }kjk viuk ewy LFkku Hkkjr esa tqM+s O;fDr;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys ½.k
LFkkukarfjr djus vkSj Hkkjrh; LVkWd ,Dlpsat esa (c) ½.k&ik=krk dk vkdyu djus ds fy;s ifj"Ñr
lwphc¼ gksus dh ço`fÙk dksA xf.krh; ekWMy vkSj ,Yxksfjne dk mi;ksx
(b) ,d foÙkh; j.kuhfr tgk¡ fuos'kd Hkkjrh; LVkVZvi
(d) LVkVZvIl }kjk fodflr HkkSfrd ekWMy vkSj çksVksVkbi
esa fuos'k dk foØ; djrs gSa vkSj çkIr vk; dk
ds vkèkkj ij ½.k çnku djus dh ljdkj dh igy
fons'kh LVkVZvi esa iqu% fuos'k djrs gSaA
7- dks;yk xSlhdj.k ifj;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr ij
(c) vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hkkjr esa laifÙk [kjhnus dh
,slh çfØ;k ftldk mís'; mUgsa mPp dher ij fopkj dhft;s%
fuokfl;ksa dks iqu% cspuk gSA 1. fluxSl dk mRiknu fd;k tkuk gS tks dkcZu
(d) cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa }kjk fons'kksa esa vius eq[; ck”kkjksa eksuksvkWDlkbM] gkbMªkstu] dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM vkSj
ij è;ku dsafær djus ds fy;s viuh Hkkjrh; lgk;d vU; xSlksa dk feJ.k gSA
daifu;ksa dks cspus dh çFkkA 2. Hkkjr dk o"kZ 2030 rd 100 fefy;u Vu dks;ys
4- ¶eksesaVe bUosfLVax¸ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldks lanfHkZr

dks xSlhÑr djus dk y{; gSA
djrk gS\ mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) ;g cSafdax fofu;eu ds fy;s cuk, x, csly III (a) dsoy 1
ekunaMksa dk gh ,d DykWt gSA (b) dsoy 2
(b) ;g ,d ,slh j.kuhfr gS ftldk y{; 'ks;j ck”kkj (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
esa ekS”kwnk #>kuksa ls ykHk mRiUu djuk gSA (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, 47/CC, Burlington Arcade Mall, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
1. “Alkire-Foster method” refers to which of the (c) It is a method of mobilizing finance or funds.
following ? (d) It is an investment by a firm in a new
(a) It is a way of measuring multidimensional manufacturing plant or office.
poverty.
5. Consider the following statments about the National
(b) It is a method to measure income inequality. Transit Pass System (NTPS):
(c) It is a method to repay illegal gains by 1. It operates as a web portal and as a mobile
wrongdoers. application as well.
(d) It is a method associated with security market. 2. It seeks to facilitate the seamless transit of
2. With reference to Atal Setu Nhava Sheva Sea Link, timber and other forest produce across the
consider the following statements: country.
1. Along with being the longest bridge in India it Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

is also the longest sea bridge in the country. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
2. The project has been financed by Russian (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
International Cooperation Agency.
6. “Model based lending” refers to which of the
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? following ?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) Lending practices based primarily on the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 historical relationship between the lender and
3. Often seen in news, the term “Reverse flipping” the borrower.
refers to (b) Loans offered exclusively to fashion models
(a) Trend of overseas startups shifting their and individuals associated with the modelling
domicile to India and listing on Indian stock industry.
exchange (c) Use of sophisticated mathematical models and
(b) A financial strategy where investors sell their algorithms to assess creditworthiness.
investments in Indian startups and reinvest the (d) A government initiative to provide loans based
proceeds in foreign startups. on physical models and prototypes developed
by startups.
(c) The process of buying properties in India by
non-resident Indians only to sell them back to 7. With reference to coal gasification project, consider
residents at a higher price. the following :
(d) The practice of multinational companies selling 1. Syngas is to be produced which is a mixture of
off their Indian subsidiaries to focus on their carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide,
core markets abroad. and other gases.
2. India has target to gasify 100 million tonnes of
4. “Momentum Investing” refers to which of the
coal by 2030.
following ?
(a) It is a clause of Basel III norms for banking Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

regulation. (a) 1 only
(b) It is a strategy that aims to capitalize on the (b) 2 only
continuance of existing trends in the stock (c) Both 1 and 2
market. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3 3
8- l[kkfyu&1 rsy ,oa xSl ifj;kstuk ds lacèa k es]a fuEufyf[kr mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus Hkqxrku volajpuk fodkl dks"k ;kstuk
esa ls dkSu&lk fodYi lgh ugha gS\ ds rgr foÙk iksf"kr gS\
(a) ;g ifj;kstuk eq[; :i ls iou vkSj lkSj tSls (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa ij dsafær gSA (c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj
(b) ;g :l esa fons'kh fuos'k ls tqM+h igyh cM+s iSekus 12. vkfnR; L1 fe'ku ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
dh virVh; rsy vkSj xSl ifj;kstuk gSA fopkj dhft;s%
(c) bls o"kZ 2022 rd ,DlkWueksfcy ds usr`Ro okys 1. L1] i`Foh vkSj lw;Z dks tksM+us okyh js[kk ij ekS”kwn
dalksfVZ;e }kjk lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk FkkA ySxzsaft;u fcanq dks lanfHkZr djrk gS] tgk¡ lw;Z dk
(d) vks-,u-th-lh- fons'k fyfeVsM dh l[kkfyu&1 rsy çdk'k fujarj vckfèkr jgrk gSA
vkSj xSl {ks=kksa esa fgLlsnkjh gSA 2. Hkkjr ds vykok] phu] tkiku vkSj vesfjdk ds Hkh
L1 fcanq ij varfj{k ;ku ifjpkfyr gSaA
9- fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s%
3. vkfnR; L1 fe'ku dh le;kofèk ik¡p o"kZ gSA
1. ÅtkZ HkaMkj.k
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
2. daMfDVo fiQYe
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
3. lkexzh lqn`<+hdj.k
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
4- midj.kksa esa Å"ek çcaèku
13- ccy csch flaMªkse ds lacaèk esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus xzkiQhu ds vuqç;ksx gSa\ fopkj dhft;s%
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks 1. ;g çfrj{kk ç.kkyh lacaèkh çk.k ?kkrd leL;kvksa dks
(c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj tUe nsrk gSA
10- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 2. bl flaMªkse ds lkFk iSnk gksus okys f'k'kqvksa esa yky
jDr dksf'kdkvksa dh deh gksrh gSA
1. MsuekdZ us oSf'od tyok;q çn'kZu jSafdax 2024 esa
'kh"kZ LFkku çkIr fd;k gSA mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
2. Hkkjr vkSj MsuekdZ us la;Dq r vjc vehjkr esa vk;ksftr (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
COP&28 ds volj ij gfjr j.kuhfrd lk>snkjh (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
ij gLrk{kj fd;sA 14- gky gh tu&lekpkjksa esa jgk ^v;qR;k vH;kl* vk;ksftr
3. xzhu Ý;wYl ,yk;al bafM;k (GFAI) igy dk mís'; fd;k x;k Fkk
lrr~ ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa Hkkjr vkSj MsuekdZ ds chp (a) Hkkjr vkSj eysf'k;k ds chp
lg;ksxkRed ç;klksa dks c<+kok nsuk gSA (b) Hkkjr vkSj FkkbZySaM ds chp
(c) Hkkjr vkSj :l ds chp
(d) Hkkjr vkSj E;kaekj ds chp
15- fganw fofèk dh ferk{kjk 'kk[kk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
11. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s% 1. ;g 12oha 'krkCnh esa foKkus'oj }kjk jfpr ;kKoYD;
1. tujy iSdsV jsfM;ks lfoZl (GPRS) Le`fr ij fd;s x, Hkk"; ij vkèkkfjr gSA
2. ifCyd fLoPM VsyhiQksu usVodZ (PSTN) 2. bl 'kk[kk ds eqrkfcd dksbZ Hkh efgyk iSr`d laifÙk
3. D;wvkj dksM&vkèkkfjr Hkqxrku esa lgnkf;d ugha cu ldrhA
4- eksckby IokbaV vkWiQ lsy 3. ;g vle vkSj if'pe caxky esa ykxw gSA
4 4
8. Which of the following is not true about the How many of the above are funded under payment

‘Sakhalin-1’ oil and gas project ? infrastructure development fund scheme ?
(a) The project primarily focuses on renewable (a) Only one (b) Only two
energy sources, such as wind and solar. (c) Only three (d) All four
(b) It is the first large-scale offshore oil and gas 12. Consider the following statements with reference to
project in Russia involving foreign investment. Aditya L1 Mission :
(c) It was operated by an ExxonMobil-led 1. L1 refers to Lagrangian Point along the line
consortium until 2022. joining Earth and Sun, that offers a continuous
(d) ONGC Videsh Ltd, has stakes in the Sakhalin-1 unobstructed view of Sun.
oil and gas fields. 2. Apart from India, China, Japan and US also
have operational spacecrafts at L1 point.
9. Consider the following :
3. Aditya L1 has a mission life of five years.
1. Energy storage
How many of the above statements are correct ?
2. Conductive films

(a) Only one (b) Only two
3. Material reinforcement
(c) All three (d) None
4. Thermal management in devices
13. Consider the following statement about Bubble Baby
How many of the above are applications of Syndrome :

graphene ? 1. It causes life-threatening problems with the
(a) Only one (b) Only two immune system.
(c) Only three (d) All four 2. Babies born with this syndrome lack red blood
10. Consider the following statements : cells.
1. Denmark has topped the global Climate Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Performance Ranking 2024. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
2. India and Denmark signed the Green Strategic (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Partnership on the sidelines of COP 28 in UAE. 14. Recently in news, ‘Exercise Ayutthaya’ was
3. Green Fuels Alliance India (GFAI) initiative conducted between
aims to boost collaborative efforts between (a) India and Malaysia
India and Denmark in the field of sustainable (b) India and Thailand
energy. (c) India and Russia
How many of the above statements are correct ? (d) India and Myanmar

(a) Only one (b) Only two 15. With reference to Mitakshara School of Hindu Law,
(c) All three (d) None consider the following statements :
1. It is based on the commentary on the
11. Consider the following : Yajnavalkya Smriti, written by Vijnaneswara
1. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) in the 12th century.
2. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 2. According to this school, a woman cannot
3. QR code-based payments become a coparcener in ancestral property.
4. Mobile Point of Sale 3. It is applicable in Assam and West Bengal.
5 5
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
16- çR;sd o"kZ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlds }kjk 20- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS\ 1. efgyk Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj ('kgjh $ xzkeh.k)
(a) foÙkh; lsok foHkkx (b) O;; foHkkx fiNys 5 o"kks± esa yxkrkj c<+h gSA
(c) jktLo foHkkx (d) vkfFkZd dk;Z foHkkx 2. fiNys 5 o"kks± esa iq#"k Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj ('kgjh)
esa rs”kh ls o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
17- vDlj tu&lekpkjksa esa ns[kk tkus okyk ^ÚsaM'kksfjax* in
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldks lanfHkZr djrk gS\
(a) ;g ,d j.kuhfr gS ftlds varxZr ,d ns'k dPps
eky vkSj fufeZr oLrqvksa dks mu ns'kksa ls çkIr djrk
21. çkFkfed ?kkVs ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
gS tks blds ewY;ksa dks lk>k djrs gSaA
dhft;s%
(b) ;g ,d çFkk gS ftlesa ,d ns'k dsoy jktuhfrd
1. ;g ml jkf'k dks n'kkZrk gS ftls ljdkj dks vius
ykHk ds fy;s viuh eS=kh dwVuhfr dk vU; ns'kksa dks
cfg% L=kksru djrk gSA orZeku o"kZ ds O;;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s mèkkj
(c) ,d fofèk tgk¡ ,d ns'k vius jktuf;d fe'kuksa dks
ysus dh vko';drk gSA
vuqdwy vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa okys ns'kksa esa LFkkukarfjr 2. ;g vkerkSj ij jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ls de gksrk gSA
djrk gSA mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(d) lkaLÑfrd vknku&çnku ds fy;s vU; ns'kksa esa (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
O;fDrxr lacèa kksa vkSj lkekftd lacèa kksa ds cfg% L=kksru (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s mi;ksx fd;s tkus okyk inA 22. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
18- ij[k (lexz fodkl ds fy;s çn'kZu ewY;kadu] leh{kk 1. Hkkjr esa cká okf.kfT;d ½.k Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad
vkSj Kku dk fo'ys"k.k) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa }kjk fofu;fer gksrs gSaA
ij fopkj dhft;s% 2. MkWyj ds ckn] Hkkjr dk vfèkdka'k fons'kh ½.k #i;k
1. bls jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 ds fgLls ds :i esa ewY;oxZ dk gSA
ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA 3. Hkkjr esa xSj laçHkq cká ½.k] laçHkq cká ½.k ls
2. bldk mís'; Hkkjr esa lHkh cksMks± ds fy;s ewY;kadu vfèkd gSA
fn'kkfunZs'k fuèkkZfjr djuk gSA mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
3. ;g ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh ,d bdkbZ ds :i esa dk;Z (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
djsxkA (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ 23- bZ&os fcy ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks dhft;s%
1. ;g 50]000 #i, ls vfèkd ewY; ds eky ds
19- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
jkT;karxZr ifjogu ds fy;s vko';d ijfeV gSA
1. Hkkjr esa 200 ls vfèkd ;wfudkWuZ LVkVZvi LFkkfir
fd;s tk pqds gSaA 2. bldk mi;ksx eky ds varjkZT;h; ifjogu esa ugha
2. foÙk ea=kky; ds varxZr m|ksx laoèkZu vkSj vkarfjd fd;k tkrk gSA
O;kikj foHkkx (DPIIT) Hkkjr esa LVkVZvi dks ekU;rk 3. iQy vkSj lfCt;k¡ tSlh tYnh [kjkc gksus okyh oLrqvksa
çnku djrk gSA dks bZ&os fcy ds nk;js ls ckgj j[kk x;k gSA
6 6
How many of the above statements are correct ? Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) Only one (b) Only two (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) All three (d) None (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
16. Economic Survey every year is prepared by which 20. Consider the following statements :
of the following ? 1. Female Labour Force Participation rate (Urban
(a) Department of Financial Services + Rural) has consistently increased over the
(b) Department of Expenditure past 5 years.
(c) Department of Revenue 2. Male Labour Force Participation rate (Urban)
(d) Department of Economic Affairs has exponentially increased over the past 5
years.
17. Often seen in news, the term ‘Friendshoring’ best
refers to which of the following ? Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) A strategy where a country sources the raw (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
materials and manufactured goods from (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
countries that share its values. 21. With reference to Primary Deficit, consider the
(b) A practice where a country outsources its following statements :
friendship diplomacy to other nations for 1. It reflects the amount that government needs
political gains only. to borrow to meet its current year’s expenses.
(c) A method where a country relocates its 2. It is generally lesser than the Fiscal deficit.
diplomatic missions to countries with Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
favourable economic conditions.

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) A term used to describe the outsourcing of
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
personal relationships and social connections
to foreign countries for cultural exchange. 22. Consider the following statements :
1. External commercial borrowings in India are
18. With reference to PARAKH (Performance
Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge regulated by the Reserve Bank of India.
for Holistic Development), consider the following 2. After dollar, most of India’s external debt is
statements : rupee denominated.
1. It was launched as part of the National 3. Non sovereign external debt in India is more
Education Policy 2020. than the sovereign external debt.
2. It aims to set up assessment guidelines for all How many of the above statements are correct ?

boards across India. (a) Only one (b) Only two
3. It will act as a unit of NCERT. (c) All three (d) None
How many of the above statements are correct ? 23. With reference to E-Way bill consider the following

(a) Only one (b) Only two statements :
(c) All three (d) None 1. It is a permit needed for intra-state transportation
19. Consider the following statements : of goods worth more than Rs. 50,000.
1. India is home to over 200 Unicorns startups. 2. It is not used in inter-state transportation of
2. Department for Promotion of Industry and goods.
Internal Trade (DPIIT) under Ministry of 3. Perishable items such as fruits and vegetables
Finance recognizes startups in India. are excluded from the E-way bill’s ambit.
7 7
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ mi;ZqDr ns'kksa esa ls fdrus ns'k isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa ds
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks laxBu (OPEC) ds lnL; ugha gSa\
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (a) dsoy rhu (b) dsoy pkj
(c) dsoy ik¡p (d) lHkh Ng
24- ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
ij fopkj dhft;s% 28- fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. dsaæ vkSj jkT; nksuksa ljdkjsa bl ;kstuk gsrq fufèk esa foèoald tgkt ;q¼iksr Js.kh

;ksxnku djsaxhA 1- INS eqacbZ % fnYyh Js.kh
2. dkS'ky fodkl vkSj m|ferk ea=kky; bl ;kstuk ds 2- INS baiQky % fo'kk[kkiêðue Js.kh
fy;s uksMy ea=kky; gSA 3- INS dksydkrk % dksydkrk Js.kh
3. ;kstuk ds rgr] f'kYidkj igyh fd'r esa 5 yk[k 4- INS psUubZ % foØkar Js.kh
rd laikf'oZd eqDr ½.k ds fy;s ik=k gksaxsA mi;ZqDr ;qXeksa esa ls fdrus ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gSa\
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha 29- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. vkdk'k Hkkjr dh igyh ok;q j{kk ç.kkyh gS ftls
25- ;fn fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa] o`f¼'khy iwath mRiknu vuqikr Lons'kh :i ls vfHkdfYir] fodflr vkSj mRikfnr
(ICOR) ,d vofèk esa ?kVrk gS] rks bldk fuEufyf[kr fd;k x;k FkkA
esa ls D;k vFkZ gS\ 2. vkdk'k&NG, Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk (IAF) ds fy;s
(a) vFkZO;oLFkk] iwath dh vfèkd n{krk vkSj mRiknd fodflr gok ls gok esa ekj djus okyh ubZ ih<+h
mi;ksx dk vuqHko dj jgh gSA dh felkby gSA
(b) vFkZO;oLFkk n{krk vkSj mRikndrk esa fxjkoV dk mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
lkeuk dj jgh gSA (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) vFkZO;oLFkk dh n{krk vkSj mRikndrk esa dksbZ (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
egÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu ugha gqvk gSA 30- gky gh esa [kksth xbZ çtkfr ^flxkjkbfVl dataDVk*] ftls
(d) vFkZO;oLFkk iwath dh deh dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA datkWbUM flYojykbu Hkh dgk tkrk gS] fuEufyf[kr esa ls
fdlls lacafèkr gS\
26- Hkkjr ds fuEufyf[kr vuqlaèkku fj,DVjksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
(a) fgju (b) esa<d
1. vIljk 2. fljl
(c) dsapqvk (d) frryh
3. dkfeuh 4- ”kfyZuk
31. ^gEcksYV ,fuXek* okD;ka'k lokZsÙke :i ls lanfHkZr djrk gS
5- iwf.kZek r`rh; 6- èkzqo
(a) leqæh ty ifjlapj.k çk:i ds vLi"VhÑr oSf'od
mi;ZqDr fdrus fj,DVjksa dks can fd;k tk pqdk gS\ tyok;q çHkko dks
(a) dsoy rhu (b) dsoy pkj (b) ioZrh; ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k esa vlkèkkj.k tSofofoèkrk]
(c) dsoy ik¡p (d) lHkh Ng tks fd orZeku ikfjfLFkfrd fl¼karksa dh vis{kk esa
vfèkd gS
27- fuEufyf[kr ns'kksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
(c) m".kdfVcaèkh; {ks=kksa esa vLi"V le`¼ tulkaf[;dh;
1. :l 2. vaxksyk lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk
3. ukbthfj;k 4- osustq,yk (d) leqæh [kk| Ükà[kyk esa iks"kd rÙoksa ds lanHkZ esa] BaMh

5- ukWoZs 6- cgjhu èkkjkvksa dk vlkèkkj.k mPp ;ksxnku
8 8
How many of the above statements are correct ? How many of the countries given above are not

(a) Only one (b) Only two members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting
(c) All three (d) None Countries (OPEC) ?
24. Consider the following statements with reference to (a) Only three (b) Only four
PM Vishwakarma scheme : (c) Only five (d) All six
1. Both the central and the state governments will 28. Consider the following pairs :
contribute funds for this scheme. Destroyer Class of Warship

2. M i n i s t r y o f S k i l l D e v e l o p m e n t a n d 1. INS Mumbai : Delhi Class
Entrepreneurship is the Nodal Ministry for the 2. INS Imphal : Visakhapatnam Class
Scheme. 3. INS Kolkata : Kolkata Class
3. Under the scheme, craftspeople will be eligible 4. INS Chennai : Vikrant Class
for collateral free loan up to 5 Lakh in the first
tranche. How many of the pairs given above are correctly

matched ?

(c) Only three (d) All four
29. Consider the following statements :
25. If in an economy, the Incremental Capital Output
1. Akash is India’s first air defence system that
Ratio (ICOR) decreases over a period, which of the
was designed, developed and produced
following does it imply ?
indigenously.
(a) The economy is experiencing greater efficiency
2. Akash-NG is new generation of air-to-air
and productive use of capital.
missile developed for Indian Air Force (IAF).
(b) The economy is facing a decline in efficiency
and productivity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(c) There is no significant change in the economy’s (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
efficiency and productivity. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) The economy is experiencing a shortage of 30. Recently discovered species ‘Cigaritis Conjuncta’,
capital. also called conjoined silverline belongs to which of
26. Consider the following research reactors of India : the following ?
1. Apsara 2. Cirus (a) Deer (b) Frog
3. Kamini 4. Zerlina (c) Earthworm (d) Butterfly
5. Purnima III 6. Dhruva 31. The phrase ‘Humboldt Enigma’ best refers to
How many of the reactors given above have been (a) Inexplicably global climatic impacts of oceanic
water circulation patterns

decommissioned ?
(a) Only three (b) Only four (b) Extraordinarily higher biodiversity of mountains
(c) Only five (d) All six than expected under current theories
(c) Inexplicably rich cultural diversity of
27. Consider the following countries :
populations in tropical regions
1. Russia 2. Angola
(d) Extraordinarily high contribution of cold
3. Nigeria 4. Venezuela currents in terms of nutrients in marine food
5. Norway 6. Bahrain chain
9 9
32. fgeky;u oqYiQ ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj (c) Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfud fuxjkuh ç.kkyh
dhft;s% (d) Hkkjrh; foèoald tgk”k
1. ;g frCcr vkSj usiky ds vykok Hkkjr esa fgekpy 37- lokZsPp U;k;ky; fofèkd lsok lfefr (SCLSC) ds lanHkZ
çns'k vkSj yík[k esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
2. bls IUCN jsM fyLV esa ^yqIrçk;* ds :i esa oxhZÑr 1. SCLSC ,d laoSèkkfud fudk; gS ftlds vè;{k
fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh'k (CJI) gksrs gSaA
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 2. blesa ,d vè;{k vkSj CJI }kjk ukfer ukS lnL;
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 gksrs gSaA
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 3. Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn 39A jkT; dks eqÝr
fof/d lgk;rk ds çkoèkku djus dk funZs'k nsrk gS
33- Hkkjr esa igyk ^fx¼ jsLrjka* (oYpj jsLVksjsaV) fuEufyf[kr
rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds fd vkfFkZd ;k
esa ls fdl jkT; esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk\
vU; v{kerkvksa ds dkj.k U;k; ls budkj u fd;k tk,A
(a) >kj[kaM (b) NÙkhlx<+
(c) egkjk"Vª (d) eè; çns'k
34- ekWfLdVksfiQ'k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft;s%
1. ;s eNfy;k¡ ePNjksa ds ykokZ gsrq viuh Hkw[k ds fy;s 38- îapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dh foÙk O;oLFkk* 'kh"kZd fjiksVZ
tkuh tkrh gS vkSj budk mi;ksx ePNjksa ds [krjs dks ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
fu;af=kr djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA 1. ;g fjiksVZ iapk;rh jkt ea=kky; }kjk tkjh dh xbZ gSA
2. ;s Hkkjr esa vkØked fons'kt çtkfr;k¡ gSa tks ns'kt 2. iapk;rsa viuk vfèkdka'k jktLo dsæa ljdkj ds vuqnku
eNyh çtkfr;ksa dks çHkkfor djrh gSa D;ksafd ;s ns'kt ls vftZr djrh gSaA
eNyh çtkfr;ksa ds vaMksa dk Hk{k.k djrh gSaA 3. jkT; ds jktLo esa iapk;rksa dh fgLlsnkjh rfeyukMq
3. bUgsa lcls igys Hkkjr esa fczfV'kksa }kjk yk;k x;k FkkA esa lokZfèkd FkhA
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
35- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl laLFkku us igyk gkbZ&jstksY;w'ku 39- fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s%
okyk Hkkjrh; HkwL[kyu laosnu'khyrk ekufp=k.k (ILSM) 1. vkj{k.k dksVk dk iqueZwY;kadu
tkjh fd;k gS\ 2. 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa dksVk dk mi&foHkktu
(a) Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] fnYyh 3. yacs le; ls misf{kr jgs lewgksa ds chp ;kstukvksa
(b) jk"Vªh; i`Foh foKku vè;;u dsaæ dk forj.k
(c) Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] :M+dh vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds chp ykHkksa ds leku forj.k ds fy;s
(d) Hkkjrh; foKku laLFkku] csaxyq# dsaæ ljdkj }kjk xfBr dSfcusV lfpo dh vèkhurk okys
36- gky gh tu&lekpkjksa esa ns[kk x;k ^n`f"V 10 LVkjykbuj* gS iSuy ds fy;s mijksDr esa ls fdrus yf{kr {ks=k gSa\
(a) Hkkjrh; Øwt tgk”k (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(b) Hkkjrh; ekuojfgr gokbZ ;ku (UAV) (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, 47/CC, Burlington Arcade Mall, Plot No. 45& 45A, 10
Harsh 10
32. Consider the following statements with reference to (c) Indian electronic surveillance system
the Himalayan Wolf : (d) Indian destroyer ship
1. Apart from Tibet and Nepal, it is also found in 37. Consider the following statements with reference to
India in Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh. Supreme Court Legal Services Committee (SCLSC) :
2. It has been listed as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN 1. SCLSC is a constitutional body with the Chief
Red List. Justice of India (CJI) as its chairman.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 2. It consists of a chairman and nine members
nominated by the CJI.

3. Article 39 A of the Indian Constitution directs
the state to make provisions for free legal aid
33. The first ‘vulture restaurant’ in India was set up in to ensure justice is not denied due to economic
which of the following states ? or other disabilities.
(a) Jharkhand (b) Chhattisgarh How many of the above statements are correct ?

(c) Maharashtra (d) Madhya Pradesh (a) Only one (b) Only two
34. Consider the following statements with reference to (c) All three (d) None
Mosquitofish : 38. With reference to the report titled ‘Finances of
1. These fish are known for their appetite for Panchayati Raj Institutions’, consider the following
mosquito larvae and are used to control the statements :
mosquito menace. 1. The report has been released by Ministry of
Panchayati Raj.
2. They are invasive alien species in India
2. Panchayats earn majority of their revenue
impacting native fish species as they consume
through Central Government grants.
their eggs.
3. Panchayats’ share in their respective state
3. They were first introduced in India by the
revenue was highest in Tamil Nadu.
British.


(a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None
39. Consider the following :
35. Which of the following institutes has released the 1. Reassessment of reservation quotas
first high resolution Indian Landslide Susceptibility 2. Sub-dividing quotas in educational institutions
Map (ILSM) ? 3. Distribution of schemes among hitherto ignored
(a) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi groups
(b) National Centre for Earth Science Studies How many of the above are focus areas for the panel

(c) Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee under the cabinet secretary constituted by Union
(d) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Government for equitable distribution of benefits
36. Recently seen in news, ‘Drishti 10 Starliner’ is among the Scheduled Castes ?
(a) Indian Cruise ship (a) Only one (b) Only two
(b) Indian Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (c) All three (d) None
Harsh 11
40- Hkkjr esa vfèkdj.kksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij (c) ljyk nsoh pkSèkjkuh
fopkj dhft;s% (d) ljksftuh uk;Mw
1. vfèkdj.kksa ds xBu dh laln dh 'kfDr dks 42osa
44- Hkkjr esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh unh varnZs'kh; ty
lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk lafoèkku esa 'kkfey
fd;k x;kA viokg dh fo'ks"krk ugha j[krh gS\
2. vfèkdj.kksa ds ikl ljdkj dks uhfr fuekZ.k gsrq funZs'k (a) ?kXxj (b) cukl
nsus dk fofèkd vfèkdkj gSA (c) ywuh (d) èkys'ojh
3. l'kL=k cy U;k;kfèkdj.k ,d laoSèkkfud fudk; gS 45- Hkkjr esa HkwoSKkfud lajpuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
ftlesa lsokfuo`Ùk mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k U;kf;d ij fopkj dhft;s%
lnL; gksrs gSaA
1- çk;}hih; iBkj lkisf{kd :i ls fLFkjrk okyk {ks=k
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ gS tks fd Hkwdaih; xfrfofèk;ksa ls eqDr gSA
2- xksaMokuk 'kSy lewg Hkkjr esa dks;yk fu{ksiksa dk lcls
cM+k lzksr gSA
41. fuEufyf[kr jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd rÙoksa (DPSP) ij
3- nDdu VªSi dk fuekZ.k jh;wfu;u gkWVLikWV ds Åij ls
fopkj dhft;s%
Hkkjrh; IysV ds xqtjus vkSj esMkxkLdj ,oa ls'ksYl
1- i;kZoj.k dh j{kk vkSj lqèkkj djuk rFkk ouksa ,oa
oU; thoksa dk laj{k.k djukA ls i`Fkd gksus ds nkSjku gqvk FkkA
2- ckydksa dks Lora=k vkSj xfjeke; okrkoj.k esa LoLFk mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
fodkl ds volj miyCèk djkukA (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
3- vk;] fLFkfr vkSj voljksa esa vlekurkvksa dks de (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
djukA
46- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl lfefr esa Hkkjrh; laln ds mPp
42oas lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e 1976 }kjk mi;ZqDr esa
lnu ds lnL; 'kkfey ugha gSa\

ls fdrus DPSP Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd;s x, gSa\
(a) dsoy nks (b) dsoy nks (a) çkDdyu lfefr
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (b) yksd ys[kk lfefr
42- Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; çrhd ij fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk (c) ljdkjh miØeksa lacaèkh lfefr
n`';eku :ikadu gS\ (d) foHkkxksa ls lac¼ LFkk;h lfefr
(a) ,d gkFkh] ,d nkSM+rk gqvk ?kksM+k] ,d cSy vkSj ,d 47- Hkkjr esa vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
flag ij fopkj dhft;s%
(b) rhu flag] ,d nkSM+rk gqvk ?kksM+k vkSj ,d cSy 1- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[kh xbZ
(c) pkj flag] ,d gkFkh vkSj ,d cSy fganh dks la?k vkSj jkT;ksa dh vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk ds
(d) rhu flag] ,d nkSM+rk gqvk ?kksM+k] ,d cSy vkSj ?kaVh :i esa mfYyf[kr fd;k x;k gSA
ds vkdkj dk dey 2- la?k ds jktdh; ç;kstuksa esa ç;qDr gksus okys vad
43- Hkkjr dh ,dhÑr laLÑfr dk çrhd ^tu x.k eu* 27 nsoukxjh esa fy[ks gksrs gSaA
fnlacj] 1911 dks Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkWUxzsl (INC) ds 3- jk"Vªifr ds ikl fdlh Hkk"kk dks jkT; dh vkfèkdkfjd
dydÙkk l=k ds nkSjku fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl O;fDrRo Hkk"kk ds :i esa ekU;rk nsus dh 'kfDr gSA
}kjk xk;k x;k Fkk\ mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
(a) johUæukFk VSxksj (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(b) cafde paæ pVthZ (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
Harsh 12
40. Consider the following statements with reference to (c) Sarala Devi Chowdhurani
Tribunals in India : (d) Sarojini Naidu
1. The power of parliament to constitute tribunals 44. Which of the following river in India is not
was included into the Constitution by 42nd characterized by inland drainage ?
amendment act. (a) Ghaggar (b) Banas
2. Tribunals have the legal authority to direct (c) Luni (d) Dhaleswari
government to frame policy.
45. Consider the following statements with reference to
3. Armed Forces Tribunal is a constitutional body geological structure in India :
with retired High Court judges as judicial
1. The Peninsular plateau is a region of relative
members.
stability with no seismic disturbances.
How many of the above statements are correct ? 2. The Gondwana rocks are the biggest source of

(a) Only one (b) Only two coal deposits in India.
(c) All three (d) None 3. The Deccan Traps were formed during the
41. Consider the following Directive Principles of State passage of the Indian plate over the Reunion
Policy (DPSP) : hotspot and its separation from Madagascar
1. To protect and improve the environment and and Seychelles.
safeguard forests and wildlife. How many of the above statements are correct ?

2. To secure opportunities for healthy development (a) Only one (b) Only two
of children. (c) All three (d) None
3. To minimize inequalities in income, status and 46. Which among the following committee does not
opportunities. have members from the upper house of Indian
How many of the above DPSP are added by 42nd parliament ?

Amendment Act 1976 ? (a) Estimates Commitee
(a) Only two (b) Only two (b) Public Accounts Committee
(c) All three (d) None (c) Committee on Public Understanding
42. Which among the following are visible motifs on (d) Departmental Standing committee
the National Emblem of India ? 47. Consider the following statements with reference to
(a) An elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion official language in India :
(b) Three lions, a galloping horse and a bull 1. The Constitution of India mentions Hindi
(c) Four lions, an elephant and a bull written in Devanagari script as official language
(d) Three lions, a galloping horse, a bull and bell- of Union and states.
shaped lotus 2. The numerals to be used in official purposes of
the Union are in Devanagari form.
43. ‘Jana Gana Mana’, an emblem of India’s unified
culture, was sung on December 27, 1911, during the 3. The President has the power to recognize a
Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress language as an official language of a state.
(INC) by which among the following personality ? How many of the above statements are correct ?

(a) Rabindranath Tagore (a) Only one (b) Only two
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (c) All three (d) None
Harsh 13
48- Hkkjrh; rVj{kd cy (ICG) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr 52. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s %
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 1- ikjlh
1- ;s l'kL=k cy gSa tks viuk &çkfèkdkj Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk 2- fl[k
ls çkIr djrs gSaA 3- ckS¼
2- ICG ds çkFkfed drZO;ksa esa ls ,d leqæh ekxks± ls 4- tSu
rLdjh dks jksduk gSA 5- ;gwnh
3- ;g Hkkjrh; ty esa rsy fjlko lacaèkh ?kVukvksa dh mi;ZqDr leqnk;ksa esa ls fdrus fookg la?k fganw fookg
vuqfØ;k ds fy;s leUo; çkfèkdj.k gSA vfèkfu;e] 1955 ds varxZr vkrs gSa\
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ (a) dsoy nks (b) dsoy rhu
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks (c) dsoy pkj (d) lHkh ik¡p
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha 53- Hkkjr esa pqukoksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
49- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh unh egkunh dh lgk;d unh dhft;s%
ugha gS\ 1- bysDVªkWfud oksfVax e'khuksa (EVMs) dk ç;ksx ik;yV
(a) f'koukFk (b) vksax vkèkkj ij igyh ckj o"kZ 1982 esa dsjy esa fd;k
(c) glnso (d) iw.kkZ x;k FkkA
50- lriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij 2- oksVj osfjfiQ,cy isij vkWfMV Vªsy (VVPAT) dk

fopkj dhft;s% ç;ksx igyh ckj o"kZ 2013 esa ukxkySaM ds mipquko
1- lriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk Hkkjr esa if'pe ls iwoZ dh esa fd;k x;k FkkA

vksj foLr`r gSa vkSj ipe<+h thoeaMy fup; blds 3. er nsus dk vfèkdkj lkekU;r% dsoy Hkkjr ds
eè; HkwHkkx esa fLFkr gSA fuokfl;ksa dks gh gSA
2- bl ioZr Ükà[kyk dk lcls Å¡pk fcanq èkwix<+ pksVh gSA mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\

3- ;gk¡ bafM;u tk;aV fxygjh vkSj LykWFk Hkkyw ik, (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
tkrs gSaA (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ 54- Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks fopkj dhft;s%
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha 1- loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa
dh isa'ku
51. xzke U;k;ky;ksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
2- yksdlHkk ds mikè;{k ds osru vkSj HkÙks
dhft;s%
3- lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeksa (PSUs) ls ykHkka'k vkSj
1- jkT; ljdkj lacafèkr mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds ijke'kZ ls
ykHk
xzke U;k;ky; LFkkfir djus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSaA 4- ljdkj dh lkekU; lsokvksa ds ekè;e ls vftZr èku
2- vijkèkksa ij muds ikl flfoy vkSj nkafMd nksuksa 5- fofuos'k çkfIr;k¡
{ks=kkfèkdkj çkIr gSaA
mi;ZqDr esa ls Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk esa tkus okys jktLo
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ esa fdruk ;ksxnku gS\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 (a) dsoy nks (b) dsoy rhu
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 (c) dsoy pkj (d) lHkh ik¡p
Harsh 14
48. Consider the following statements with reference to 52. Consider the following :
Indian Coast Guard (ICG) : 1. Parsis
1. These are armed forces which derive their 2. Sikhs
authority from Indian Navy. 3. Buddhists
2. One of primary duties of the ICG is prevention 4. Jains
of smuggling through maritime routes.
5. Jews
3. It is coordinating authority for response to oil
How many of the above communities’ marriage
spills in Indian waters.

unions are covered under the Hindu Marriage Act,
How many of the above statements are correct ? 1955 ?

(a) Only one (b) Only two (a) Only two (b) Only three
(c) All three (d) None (c) Only four (d) All five
49. Which among the following is not a tributary of 53. Consider the following statements with reference to
Mahanadi River ? elections in India :
(a) Seonath (b) Ong 1. Electronic Voting Machine were first used on
(c) Hasdeo (d) Purna pilot basis in Kerala in 1982.
50. Consider the following statements with reference to 2. Votar Verifiable Paper Audit Trial were used
Satpura Mountains : first in by-election for Nagaland in 2013.
1. The Satpura mountain ranges cross India from 3. Only ordinarily residents of India have right to
west to east and Pachmarhi biosphere reserve vote.
lies directly in its centre. How many of the above statements are correct ?

2. The highest point of the mountains is the (a) Only one (b) Only two
Dhoopgarh peak. (c) All three (d) None
3. Indian Giant Squirrel and sloth bear are found
here.
Consolidated fund of India :
How many of the above statements are correct ? 1. Pensions of Supreme Court and High Court

(a) Only one (b) Only two judges.
(c) All three (d) None 2. Salaries and allowances of the Deputy Speaker
51. Consider the following statements with reference to of the Lok Sabha.
Gram Nyayalayas : 3. Dividends and profits from PSUs (Public Sector
1. The State Governments are responsible for Undertakings).
establishing Gram Nyayalayas in consultation 4. Money earned through government’s general
with the respective High Courts. services.
2. They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction 5. Disinvestment receipts.
over the offences. How many of the above contributes to the revenue

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? going into Consolidated Fund of India ?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) Only two (b) Only three
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Only four (d) All five
Harsh 15
55- Hkkjr dh vkdfLedrk fufèk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr (c) varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k (IMF) vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% vkSj fodkl laxBu (OECD)
1. blds varxZr mu lHkh ysunsu izokgksa dks j[kk tkrk (d) la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (UNDP) vkSj fjiksVZlZ
gS] tgk¡ ljdkj dsoy ,d cSadj ds :i esa dk;Z fonkmV ckWMZlZA
djrh gSA
59- [kk|kUu mRiknu ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
2. bl fufèk ls fd;s x, fdlh Hkh O;; ds fy;s laln
dhft;s%
ls iwoZ vuqeksnu dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
1- Hkkjr us fiNys ik¡p o"kks± esa okf"kZd :i ls yxHkx
3. Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk bl fufèk ls fudkyh xbZ jkf'k
500 fefy;u Vu [kk|kUu dk mRiknu fd;k gSA
dh çfriwfrZ djrh gSA
2- cktjk ds oSf'od mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh 80
çfr'kr gSA
3- [kk| çlaLdj.k m|ksx ds fy;s çksMD'ku fyaDM balfas Vo
;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
56- varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl dks"k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
4- Ñf"k volajpuk dks"k (AIF) iQly dVkbZ ds ckn
ds çcaèku volajpuk vkSj lkeqnkf;d Ñf"k ifjlaifÙk;ksa
1- ;g la;qDr jk"Vª dh ,d fo'ks"k ,tsalh gSA
ds fy;s cuk;k x;k FkkA
2- bldk eq[;ky; fo;uk esa fLFkr gSA
3- ;g Hkq[kejh vkSj fu/Zurk dks de djus ds fy;s
dk;Z djrk gSA (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj
60- lkaln LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstuk fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl
ea=kky; ds fu;a=k.k esa gS\
(a) lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky;
57- oSf'od i;kZoj.k lqfoèkk (GEF) ds lacaèk esa] fuEufyf[kr
(b) xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj ;kstuk ea=kky;
(c) x`g ea=kky;
1- ;g ^feuekrk vfHkle;* vkSj ^LFkk;h dkcZfud çnw"kd
(d) lalnh; dk;Z ea=kky;
ij LVkWdgkse vfHkle;* ds fy;s foÙkh; ra=k ds :i
61. fuEufyf[kr jkT;ksa vkSj dsæa 'kkflr çns'kksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
esa dk;Z djrk gSA
1. if'pe caxky
2- fo'o cSad blds VªLVh ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS vkSj
2. vksfM'kk
GEF VªLV iQaM dk çcaèku djrk gSA
3. vaMeku vkSj fudksckj
4- xqtjkr
5- dsjy
6- nknjk ,oa uxj gosyh rFkk neu vkSj nho
58- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl laxBu us ^VSDl baLisDVlZ fonkmV mi;qZDr esa ls fdrus jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa cgqr ?kus
ckWMZlZ* igy 'kq: dh\ eSaxzkso ouksa dk egÙoiw.kZ {ks=k (de ls de 10 oxZ
(a) la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (UNDP) vkSj vkfFkZd fdyksehVj) gS\
lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu (OECD) (a) dsoy rhu (b) dsoy pkj
(b) varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k (IMF) vkSj fo'o cSad (c) dsoy ik¡p (d) lHkh Ng
Harsh 16
55. Consider the following statements with reference to (c) International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
Contingency Fund of India : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD)
1. It accounts for flows for those transactions
(d) United Nations Development Programme
where the government is merely acting as a
(UNDP) and Reporters Without Borders.
banker.
2. Any expenditure incurred from this fund foodgrain production :
requires prior approval from Parliament. 1. India has crossed approximately 500 million
3. The amount withdrawn is returned to this fund Tonnes of food grains production annually in
from the Consolidated Fund of India. last 5 years.
2. India accounts for 80 per cent of global
production of millets.

(a) Only one (b) Only two 3. The Production Linked Incentive Scheme
(c) All three (d) None has been started for the Food Processing
Industry.
4. The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
the International Fund for Agricultural Development : was created for post-harvest management
1. It is a specialized United Nations agency. infrastructure and community farm assets.
2. Its headquarter is based in Vienna. How many of the above statements are correct ?

3. It works to mitigate hunger and poverty. (a) Only one (b) Only two
(c) Only three (d) All four

(a) Only one (b) Only two 60. The Member of Parliament Local Area Development
Scheme is under the control of which among the
(c) All three (d) None following ministries ?
57. Consider the following statements with respect to (a) Ministry of Statistics & Programme
Global Environment Facility (GEF) : Implementation
1. It serves as financial mechanism for ‘Minamata (b) Ministry of Rural Development and Planning
convention’ and ‘Stockholm convention on (c) Ministry of Home Affairs
persistent organic pollutants’. (d) Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
2. World Bank serves as its trustee and administers 61. Consider the following States and Union Territories :
the GEF trust fund. 1. West Bengal
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 2. Odisha

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 3. Andaman and Nicobar
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 4. Gujarat
58. Which among the following organizations started 5. Kerala
the initiative ‘Tax Inspectors without borders’ ? 6. Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
(a) United Nations Development Programme How many of the States/UTs given above have

(UNDP) and the Organisation for Economic significant area (at least 10 square Kilometer) of
Cooperation and Development (OECD) Very Dense Mangrove forests ?
(b) International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World (a) Only three (b) Only four
Bank (c) Only five (d) All six
Harsh 17
62. jk"Vªh; O;k?kz laj{k.k çkfèkdj.k (NTCA) ds lanHkZ esa] 3. Mhi vks'ku fe'ku ds rgr] vfHk;ku eè; fgan
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% egklkxj ds {ks=kksa dks yf{kr djsxkA
1. NTCA ,d lkafof/d fudk; gS] tks oU; tho mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
laj{k.k vfèkfu;e (WLPA)] 1972 ls viuh 'kfDr;k¡ (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
çkIr djrk gSA (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
2. NTCA, vU; laxBuksa ds lkFk lk>snkjh esa] gj pkj 66- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
o"kZ esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; ck?k x.kuk djrk gSA 1. i`Foh foKku ea=kky;] O–SMART ;kstuk ds rgr
3. ,d dsaæh; {ks=k dh ;kstuk ds :i esa] çkstsDV Vkbxj vaVkdZfVd vkSj vkdZfVd esa Hkkjrh; vuqlaèkku dsaæksa
ck?k vkjf{kr {ks=kksa dks foÙk lgk;rk Hkh çnku djrk gSA dk çcaèku vkSj j[kj[kko djrk gSA
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ 2. LokyckMZ ij Hkkjrh; csl ^fgekfæ* èkzqoh; {ks=kksa esa
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks igyk Hkkjrh; csl FkkA
3. çkÑfrd vkSj ekuotfur xfrfofèk;ksa ds dkj.k rVh;
63- fuEufyf[kr foÙkh; lsokvksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
dVko ds vkdyu ds fy;s rVjs[kk ifjorZu ekufp=kksa
1. thou chek
dk fodkl i`Foh foKku ea=kky; dh SAGE ;kstuk
2. Hkqxrku cSad
ds rgr fd;k tkrk gSA
3. E;qpqvy iQaM
4- cpr ;kstuk,¡
5- varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk varj.k
6- fons'kh eqæk lsok,¡
lapkj ea=kky; dk Mkd foHkkx mi;ZqDr esa ls fdruh lsok,¡
1. ,f'k;kbZ [ksy 2023 igyk volj Fkk] tc ,f'k;kbZ
çnku djrk gS\
[ksyksa esa Hkkjr dh ind rkfydk 100 ind ds
(a) dsoy rhu (b) dsoy pkj
vk¡dM+s dks ikj dj xbZA
2. Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us ,f'k;kbZ [ksy 2023 esa
jtr ind thrkA
1. Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo loZs{k.k (ASI) dh LFkkiuk Hkkjr esa
3. Hkkjr us o"kZ 1971 esa gkWdh fo'odi dh 'kq#vkr
fczfV'k 'kklu ds rgr dh xbZ FkhA ds ckn ls dsoy ,d ckj gh fo'o di thrk gSA
2. ASI dk eq[;ky; dksydkrk esa fLFkr gSA mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
3. Hkkjr esa] dsaæh; lajf{kr Lekjd ekus tkus ds fy;s (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
fdlh Lekjd dks de ls de 150 o"kZ iqjkuk gksuk (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
pkfg;sA 68- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ 1. xksok vkSj v#.kkpy çns'k dks ,d gh o"kZ esa jkT;
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks dk n”kkZ çkIr gqvkA
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha 2. uxkySM a dks vle ls vyx djus ls igys gfj;k.kk
65- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% vkSj fgekpy çns'k dks iatkc ls vyx fd;k x;k FkkA
1. Mhi vks'ku fe'ku (DOM) ds rgr] Hkkjr 6000 3. xksok ds Hkkjrh; la?k esa foy; ls iwoZ flfDde
ehVj dh xgjkbZ ij vfHk;ku ny }kjk vUos"k.k dh Hkkjrh; la?k esa 'kkfey gqvkA
;kstuk cuk jgk gSA mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
2. ^leqæ;ku* og okgu gS] ftlesa vfHk;ku ny xgjs (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
leqæ esa vUos"k.k djsxkA (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
Harsh 18
62. Consider the following statements with reference to 3. Under the DOM, expeditions will target areas
National Tiger Conservation authority (NTCA) : in Central Indian Ocean.
1. NTCA is a statutory body that derives its How many of the above statements are correct ?
powers from the Wild Life Protection Act

(WLPA), 1972.
2. All India Tiger Estimation is conducted
quadrennially by the NTCA in collaboration 66. Consider the following statements :
with other bodies. 1. Management and upkeep of Indian research
bases in the Antarctic and the Arctic are taken
3. As a central sector scheme, Project Tiger also
up under the O-SMART scheme of Ministry of
provides funding support to tiger reserves.
Earth Sciences.
How many of the above statements are correct ? 2. Indian base ‘Himadri’ on Svalbard was the first

(a) Only one (b) Only two Indian base in the polar regions.
(c) All three (d) None 3. Development of shoreline change maps for
63. Consider the following financial services : assessment of coastal erosion due to natural
1. Life Insurance and anthropogenic activities is taken up under
SAGE scheme of Ministry of Earth Sciences.
2. Payments Bank
3. Mutual Funds How many of the above statements are correct ?

4. Savings Schemes (a) Only one (b) Only two
5. International Money Transfer
6. Forex Services 67. Consider the following statements :
1. Asian Games 2023 marked the first occasion
How many of the above services does Department
when India’s medals tally crossed the 100

of Posts of Ministry of Communications offer ?
medals mark in Asian games.
(a) Only three (b) Only four
2. Indian men’s hockey team won the silver medal
(c) Only five (d) All six in the Asian Games 2023.
64. Consider the following statements : 3. India has won the Hockey world cup only once,
1. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was since its inauguration in 1971.
established under the British rule in India. How many of the above statements are correct ?

2. The headquarters of ASI is located in Kolkata. (a) Only one (b) Only two
3. In India, a monument must be at least 150 years (c) All three (d) None
old to be considered as a centrally protected
monument.
1. Goa and Arunachal Pradesh gained statehood
How many of the above statements are correct ? in the same year.

(a) Only one (b) Only two 2. Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were carved
(c) All three (d) None out of Punjab before Nagaland was carved out
65. Consider the following statements : of Assam.
1. Under the Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), India 3. Sikkim joined the Indian Union before merger
of Goa into the Indian Union.
plans to conduct crewed expeditions at the
depth of 6000 meters. How many of the above statements are correct ?

2. ‘Samudrayaan’ is the vehicle in which crewed (a) Only one (b) Only two
deep ocean explorations will be conducted. (c) All three (d) None
Harsh 19
69- fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 72. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
egksRlo jkT; 1. Hkkjr dh dqy çkFkfed ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ esa ty fo|qr

1. ek?kh esyk % fcgkj dk ;ksxnku yxHkx 20» gSA
2. cFkqdEek % dukZVd 2. Hkkjr esa dks;yk m|ksx {ks=k ds fy;s ÅtkZ dk lcls
3. uksaxØse u`R; egksRlo % es?kky; cM+k lzksr gSA
4- ek?k esyk % mÙkj çns'k 3. Hkkjr fo'o esa dks;ys dk nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gSa\ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk dks;ys dk nwljk lcls cM+k
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks vk;krd Hkh gSA
(c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
70- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
1. Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds 69osa la'kksèku esa fnYyh ds dsaæ (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
'kkflr çns'k dks jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k (NCT) fnYyh 73- Hkkjr esa laihfM+r ck;ks&xSl (CBG) ds lanHkZ esa]
dgk x;kA fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
2. 69osa la'kksèku ds ekè;e ls fnYyh ds NCT ds 1. laihfM+r ck;ks&xSl esa 90% ls vfèkd 'kq¼ ehFksu
ç'kkld dks mijkT;iky (L–G) ds :i es a gksrk gSA
ukfer fd;k x;k FkkA 2. la i hfM+ r ck;ks & xS l ÅtkZ {kerk ds ekeys es a
3. fnYyh NCT ds mijkT;iky eaf=kifj"kn~ dh lgk;rk O;kolkf;d :i ls miyCèk çkÑfrd xSl ds leku gSA
vkSj lykg ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSaA 3. orZeku esa] Hkkjr esa laihfM+r çkÑfrd xSl (CNG)
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ esa CBG lfEeJ.k nkf;Ro (CBO) vfuok;Z ugha gSA
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
71. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
1. Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds 104osa la'kksèku us yksdlHkk vkSj 74- jk"Vªh; gfjr gkbMªkstu fe'ku ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa nksuksa esa vkaXy&Hkkjrh; leqnk; dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
ds fy;s lhVksa dk vkj{k.k lekIr dj fn;kA 1. gkbMªkstu laHkkfor :i ls ykSg ,oa bLikr m|ksx esa
2. lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 334 ds vuqlkj] ewy :i ls dks;ys vkSj dksd dk LFkku ys ldrk gSA
yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa esa vuqlfw pr tkfr;ksa
2. uohdj.kh; lzksrksa ls fo|qr dk mi;ksx djds çkÑfrd
,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fy;s lhVksa dk vkj{k.k
xSl ls gkbMªkstu dks vyx djds gfjr gkbMªkstu
o"kZ 1975 esa lekIr djus dh vko';drk FkhA
dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA
3. 104osa la'kksèku us yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa
3. flVh xSl forj.k fxzM esa gkbMªkstu feJ.k ls lacafèkr
esa vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds fy;s
igyh ifj;kstuk eè; çns'k ds bankSj esa 'kq: gks
lhVksa ds vkj{k.k dks o"kZ 2024 rd 10 o"kZ ds fy;s
xbZ gSA
c<+k fn;k gSA
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
(a) dsoy ,d (a) dsoy ,d
(b) dsoy nks (b) dsoy nks
(c) lHkh rhu (c) lHkh rhu
(d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
Harsh 20
69. Consider the following pairs : 72. Consider the following statements :
Festival State 1. Hydro power contributes nearly 20% of India’s

1. Maghi Mela : Bihar total primary energy supply.
2. Bathukamma : Karnataka 2. In India, coal is the largest source of energy for
3. Nongkrem Dance Festival : Meghalaya the industry sector.
4. Magh Mela : Uttar Pradesh 3. India is the second largest producer of coal as
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched ? well as second largest importer of coal in the
world.

(c) Only three (d) All four How many of the above statements are correct ?

70. Consider the following statements : (a) Only one (b) Only two
1. The 69th amendment of the Indian constitution (c) All three (d) None
termed the Union territory of Delhi as the 73. Consider the following statements with reference to
National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) in India :
2. The administrator of the NCT of Delhi was 1. CBG is contains more than 90% pure methane.
designated as Lieutenant Governor (L-G)
2. CBG is similar to the commercially available
through the 69th Amendment.
natural gas in terms of energy potential.
3. The L-G of NCT of Delhi is bound by the aid
and advice of the council of Ministers. 3. At present, CBG Blending Obligations (CBO)
into the Compressed natural Gas (CNG) are
not mandatory in India.

(c) All three (d) None How many of the above statements are correct ?

1. The 104th amendment of the Indian constitution
ended the reservation of seats for Anglo- 74. Consider the following statements with reference to
Indians in Lok Sabha and State assemblies the National Green Hydrogen Mission :
both. 1. Hydrogen can potentially replace coal and coke
2. Article 334 of the Constitution originally in the Iron and steel industry.
required the reservation of seats for Scheduled 2. Green hydrogen is produced by separating
Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha
hydrogen from natural gas using electricity
and the State Assemblies to cease in 1975.
from renewable sources.
3. The 104th amendment has increased the
3. The maiden project for hydrogen blending into
reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and the City Gas Distribution grid has begun in Indore,
State Assemblies by another 10 years till 2024. Madhya Pradesh.
How many of the above statements are correct ? How many of the above statements are correct ?

(a) Only one (a) Only one
(b) Only two (b) Only two
(c) All three (c) All three
(d) None (d) None
Harsh 21
75- Xykscy fjoj flVh”k ,yk;al (GCRA) ds lanHkZ esa] 78- fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s%
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 1. bZaèku ds :i esa ikbIM uspqjy xSl (PNG) dk mi;ksx
1. GCRA dks vkokl vkSj 'kgjh ekeyksa ds ea=kky; 2. ftx tSx rduhd dks viukuk
(MoHUA) ds usr`Ro esa la;qDr vjc vehjkr esa 3. isV dksd dk bZaèku ds :i esa mi;ksx
COP28 esa ykWUp fd;k x;kA
4- dPps eky ;k bZaVksa ds ifjogu ds fy;s dPph lM+d
2. GCRA dks ns'kksa vkSj unh 'kgjksa ds lkFk&lkFk dk mi;ksx
varjkZ"Vªh; iQafMax ,tsafl;ksa] ftlesa varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk
dks"k 'kkfey gSa] dh lk>snkjh esa ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA bZaV Hkêðksa }kjk ok;q çnw"k.k dks de djus ds fy;s mi;ZqDr
esa ls fdruh rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS\
3. Hkkjr esa fjoj flVh”k ,yk;al (RCA) esa Hkkjr ds
lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr ds ckgj ds 'kgj Hkh lnL; FksA (a) dsoy ,d
(b) dsoy nks
(c) dsoy rhu
(d) lHkh pkj
79- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk lEesyu varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa
76- fuEufyf[kr ufn;ksa ij fopkj dhft;s %
dqN [krjukd jlk;uksa vkSj dhVuk'kdksa ds fy;s lwfpr
1. iQsuh 2. es?kuk
lgefr çfØ;kvksa ls lacafèkr gS\
3. Hkjsyh 4- dqf'k;kjk
(a) LVkWdgkse vfHkle;
5- ekul 6- rhLrk
(b) csly vfHkle;
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdruh ufn;k¡ Hkkjr vkSj ckaXykns'k ds chp
(c) feuekrk vfHkle;
lhek&ikj ufn;k¡ gSa\
(d) jkWVjMSe vfHkle;
(c) dsoy ik¡p (d) lHkh Ng 80- Hkkjr esa lsehdaMDVj fpi fuekZ.k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
77- çfriwjd oujksi.k fufèk (CAF) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 1. lsehdaMDVj iQSfczds'ku ds fy;s Hkkjr esa ,dek=k
1. CAF ou Hkwfe ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lsokvksa ds

baVhxzVs Ms fMokbl eSU;qiQSDpfjax (IDM) lqfoèkk caxyq#
uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ds fy;s fufèk gS vkSj lkekU; esa fLFkr gSA
jkT; fufèk dks çfrLFkkfir djus ds fy;s gSA 2. Hkkjr viuh lHkh lsehdaMDVj fpi vko';drkvksa
2. CAF ds varxZr foÙk dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp leku ds fy;s iw.kZ :i ls vk;kr ij fuHkZj gSA
:i ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA 3. Hkkjr lsehdaMDVj fe'ku (ISM) ds rgr] ljdkj
3. CAF ds çcaèku ds fy;s ou laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] vuqeksfnr daikmaM lsehdaMDVj bdkb;ksa dks iwathxr
1980 ds rgr ^çfriwjd ouhdj.k dks"k çcaèku ,oa O;; dk 30» foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djsxhA
;kstuk çkfèkdj.k dk fufèk* dks ,d lkafofèkd fudk; mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
cuk;k x;k FkkA (a) dsoy ,d
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ (b) dsoy nks
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks (c) lHkh rhu
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
Harsh 22
75. Consider the following statements with reference to 78. Consider the following :
the Global River Cities Alliance (GCRA) : 1. Use of Piped Natural Gas (PNG) as fuel
1. GCRA launched at the COP28 in UAE is being 2. Adopting Zig Zag technology
led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban
3. Use of pet coke as fuel
Affairs (MoHUA).
4. Use of unpaved roads for transporting raw
2. GCRA was launched in partnership with
materials or bricks
countries and river cities as well as international
funding agencies including International How many of the above technology can be used to

Monetary Fund. reduce air pollution by brick kilns ?
3. River Cities Alliance (RCA) in India had (a) Only one
member cities from India as well as outside (b) Only two
India. (c) Only three
How many of the above statements are correct ? (d) All four

(a) Only one (b) Only two 79. Which of the following conventions pertains to
(c) All three (d) None informed consent procedures for certain hazardous
76. Consider the following rivers : chemicals and pesticides in international trade ?
1. Feni 2. Meghna (a) Stockholm Convention
3. Bhareli 4. Kushiyara (b) Basel convention
5. Manas 6. Teesta (c) Minamata Convention
How many of the above rivers are trans-boundary (d) Rotterdam Convention

rivers between India and Bangladesh ?
(a) Only three (b) Only four
semiconductor chip fabrication in India :
(c) Only five (d) All six
1. The only Integrated Device Manufacturing
77. Consider the following statements with reference to (IDM) facility in India for semiconductor
Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) : fabrication is located in Bengaluru.
1. The CAF are funds for compensating the loss
2. India depends entirely on imports for all of its
of forest land and ecosystem services and are
semiconductor chip requirements.
meant to replace normal State funds.
3. Under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM),
2. The CAF money is split between the centre and
government will provide fiscal support of 30%
the states equally.
of capital expenditure to approved Compound
3. National Compensatory Afforestation Fund
Semiconductors Units.
Management and Planning Authority was made
a statutory body under the Forest Conservation How many of the above statements are correct ?

Act, 1980 to manage CAF. (a) Only one
How many of the above statements are correct ? (b) Only two

(a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three
(c) All three (d) None (d) None
Harsh 23
81. iwathxr oLrq fu;kZr lao¼Zu ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr 85- i'kqèku LokLF; vkSj jksx fu;a=k.k (LH & DC) ;kstuk ds
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fofuekZrk iwoZ&mRiknu] mRiknu 1. ;g ,d dsaæh; {ks=k dh ;kstuk gSA
vkSj mRiknu i'pkr~ oLrqvksa ds fy;s iwathxr oLrqvksa 2. bldk mís'; i'kqèku vkSj eqxhZikyu dh fofHkUu
dk vk;kr fcuk fdlh lhek 'kqYd ds dj ldrs gSaA chekfj;ksa ds f[kykiQ jksxfujksèkh Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØeksa
2. fu;kZr nkf;Ùo ds vèkhu] iwathxr oLrqvksa dk vk;kr ds dk;kZUo;u }kjk i'kq LokLF; ds tksf[ke dks de
'kqYd eqDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA djuk gSA
3. bl ;kstuk dk ,d mís'; eksckby i'kq fpfdRlk
bdkb;ksa (MVUs) ds ekè;e ls fdlkuksa dks muds
?kj ij i'kq fpfdRlk lsok,¡ çnku djuk gSA
(c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2
82. vkS|ksfxd ikdZ jsfVax ç.kkyh ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
1. bldk mís'; ns'k ds vkS|ksfxd ikdks± vkSj fo'ks"k (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
vkfFkZd {ks=kksa dh jsfVax djuk gSA 86- xfr 'kfDr jk"Vªh; ekLVj Iyku ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
2. ;g fo'o cSad] okf.kT; ea=kky; vkSj bUosLV bafM;k dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
dh lgk;rk ls dk;Z djrk gSA 1. bl ;kstuk dk mís'; jln ykxr dks de djus ds
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ fy;s cqfu;knh <k¡pk ifj;kstukvksa dh ;kstuk fuekZ.k
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 rFkk dk;kZUo;u dk leUo; djuk gSA
(c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2 2. bldk mís'; vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjksa dks ,dhÑr djuk
83- MSME laidZ ;kstuk dk çkFkfed mís'; gS rFkk lHkh xk¡oksa rd 4G dusfDVfoVh dk foLrkj
(a) MSME dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djuk
djuk gSA
(b) jks”kxkj ds bPNqd vkSj MSME ds chp varjky dks 3. ;g eYVhekWMy cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh ,dhÑr ;kstuk
de djuk dks lqfoèkktud cukus ds fy;s viuk;k x;k
(c) MSME deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe laiw.kZ&ljdkjh n`f"Vdks.k gSA
dh 'kq#vkr djuk mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
(d) MSME ls fu;kZr dks c<+kok nsuk (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
84- oafpr bdkbZ lewg vkSj oxkZs dh vkfFkZd lgk;rk ;kstuk (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
(VISVAS ;kstuk) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij 87- fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s%
fopkj dhft;s% 1- iwoZs{k.k
1. bldk mís'; OBC vFkok SC oxZ ls lacafèkr Lo;a
2. vkoh{k.k
lgk;rk lewgksa dks C;kt NwV çnku djuk gSA
3- lkekU; vUos"k.k
2. bldk fØ;kUo;u foÙk ea=kky; }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
4- foLr`r vUos"k.k
3. O;fDr;ksa dks 10 yk[k #i, rd ds ½.k ij C;kt
esa NwV fey ldrh gSA [kfut vUos"k.k gsrq fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk mi;ZqDr
mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\ pj.kksa dk lgh Øe gS\
(a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks (a) 1&2&3&4 (b) 2&1&3&4
(c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha (c) 4&3&2&1 (d) 3&2&4&1
Harsh 24
81. With reference to Export promotion Capital goods 85. With reference to Livestock Health and Disease
scheme, consider the following statements : Control (LH&DC) Scheme, consider the following
1. Under the scheme, manufacturers can import statements :
capital goods for pre-production, production 1. It is a central sector scheme.
and post-production goods without attracting 2. It aims at reducing risk to animal health by
any customs duty on them.
implementation of prophylactic vaccination
2. Imports of capital goods are allowed duty free,
programmes against various diseases of
subject to an export obligation.
livestock and poultry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
3. An objective of the scheme is to provide

veterinary services at the farmers’ doorstep
through Mobile Veterinary Units (MVUs).
82. With reference to Industrial Park rating system,
consider the following statements :

1. It aims to rate country's industrial parks and
special economic zones. (c) All three (d) None
2. It has taken support from World bank, Ministry 86. With reference to Gati Shakti National Master plan,
of Commerce and Invest India. consider the following statements :
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 1. The aim of the scheme is to coordinate planning

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only and execution of infrastructure projects to bring
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 down logistic costs.
83. The primary objective of the MSME Sampark 2. It aims to connect industrial corridors and
scheme is to : extend 4G connectivity to all villages.
(a) provide financial assistance to MSMEs 3. ‘‘Whole-of-Government’’ approach is adopted
(b) bridge gap between job seekers and MSMEs to facilitate integrated planning of multimodal
(c) offer skill development programs for MSME infrastructure.
employees
(d) promote exports from MSMEs

84. With reference to ‘Vanchit Ikai Samooh aur Vargon
ki Aarthik Sahayta yojana’ (VISVAS Yojana),
consider the following statements : 87. Consider the following :
1. It aims to provide interest subvention to self- 1. Prospecting
help groups belonging to OBC or SC category. 2. Reconnaisance
2. It is being implemented by the Ministry of 3. General exploration
Finance.
4. Detailed exploration
3. Individuals can get interest subvention on loans
upto `10 lakhs. Which of the following is the correct order of the

How many of the above statements are correct ? above stages of mineral exploration ?

(a) Only one (b) Only two (a) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 (b) 2 - 1 - 3 - 4
(c) All three (d) None (c) 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 (d) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1
Harsh 25
88- ih,e&;qok 2-0 ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa 2. orZeku esa ;g IysViQkWeZ dsoy LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk
ij fopkj dhft;s% {ks=kksa esa bZ&xouZsal lsok,¡ çnku djrk gSA
1. ;g ;kstuk 35 o"kZ ls de mez ds ;qok vkSj mHkjrs mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
ys[kdksa dks çf'kf{kr djus ds fy;s ,d ys[kd ijke'kZ (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
dk;ZØe gSA
2. us'kuy cqd VªLV] Hkkjr bl ;kstuk ds fy;s dk;kZUo;u
vfHkdj.k gSA 92. ,uhfe;k eqDr Hkkjr j.kuhfr ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr ij
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ fopkj dhft;s%
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 1- jksxfujksèkh vk;ju vkSj iQksfyd ,flM vuqiwj.k
(c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2 2- Ñfegj.k
89- ;g j.kuhfrd :i ls Hkkjr ds nf{k.kiwohZ rV ij 8°45'N 3- ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr lkoZtfud LokLF; dk;ZØeksa
v{kka'k vkSj 78°13'E ns'kkarj ij iwoZ&if'pe varjkZ"Vªh; esa vk;ju vkSj iQksfyd ,flM iQksfVZiQkbM [kk| inkFkks±
leqæh ekxks± ds fudV fLFkr gSA ;g eUukj dh [kkM+h esa dk vfuok;Z çkoèkku
gS] ftlds nf{k.k&iwoZ esa Jhyadk vkSj if'pe esa Hkkjr dk 4- çfrj{k.k
cM+k Hkw&Hkkx gSA ,uhfe;k eqDr Hkkjr j.kuhfr esa mi;ZqDr esa ls fdruh
mi;ZqDr tkudkjh ds vkèkkj ij iÙku dh igpku dhft;s% j.kuhfr;ksa dks viuk;k x;k gS\
(a) nhu n;ky iÙku (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
(b) eksjeqxkvks iÙku (c) dsoy rhu (d) lHkh pkj
(c) oh- vks- fpnacjukj iÙku
93- fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ekxZn'kZd
(d) ikjknhi iÙku
fl¼karksa ds :i esa fodkl] vkèkqfudhdj.k] vkRefuHkZjrk
90- dk;kdYi vkSj 'kgjh ifjorZu ds fy;s vVy fe'ku 2-0
vkSj lkekftd U;k; ij è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k\
(AMRUT 2.0) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
(a) vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1992&1997)
dhft;s%
1. bldk y{; lHkh oSèkkfud dLcksa esa ty dh (b) ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1997&2002)
lkoZHkkSfed dojst vkSj 500 ve`r 'kgjksa esa (c) lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1985&90)
okfgrey@lsIVst çcaèku dh 100» dojst çnku (d) X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2007&2012)
djuk gSA 94- Hkkjr esa [kfut lalkèkuksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
2. ;g çR;sd 'kgj ds fy;s 'kgjh ty larqyu ;kstuk ij fopkj dhft;s%
(CWBP) ds fodkl ds ekè;e ls ty dh pØh; 1- Hkkjr esa eSXuslkbV] eSaxuht v;Ld vkSj jkWd iQkWLiQsV
vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsxkA vYi ek=kk esa gSA
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 2- Hkkjr ykSg ,oa bLikr] ,Y;wehfu;e vkSj lhesaV tSls
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 [kfutksa dh i;kZIrrk ds dkj.k iwjh rjg vFkok cM+s
(c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2 iSekus ij vkRefuHkZj gSA
91. ;wfuiQkbM eksckby ,fIyds'ku iQkWj U;w ,t xouZsal
(UMANG) ,i ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
(a) dsoy 1
dhft;s%
(b) dsoy 2
1. bldk mís'; Hkkjr esa eksckby xouZsal ds lapkyu
ds fy;s fofHkUu {ks=kksa dh çeq[k bZ&xouZsal lsokvksa (c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
dks ,dhÑr djuk gSA (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2
Harsh 26
88. Consider the following statements with reference 2. At present the platform offers e-Gov services
to PM-YUVA 2.0 scheme : in health and education sectors only.
1. The scheme is an author mentorship Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

programme to train young and budding authors (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
below 35 years of age. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. National Book Trust, India is the implementing 92. Consider the following statements with reference
agency for the scheme.
to Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy :
1. Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid supplementation

2. Deworming
3. Mandatory provision of Iron and Folic Acid
89. It is located strategically close to east-west
fortified foods in government-funded public
international sea routes on the south eastern coast
of India at latitude 8°45’N and longitude 78°13’E. health programmes
It is in the Gulf of Mannar, with Sri Lanka on the 4. Immunisation
south-east and the large landmass of India on the
How many of the above strategies are adopted in
west.

Anemia Mukht Bharat Strategy ?
Identify the port from the information given above :

(a) Deendayal port
(b) Mormugao port (c) Only three (d) All four
(c) V.O. Chidambaranar Port 93. Which Five Year Plan focused on growth,
(d) Paradip port modernisation, self-reliance and social justice as
90. With reference to Atal Mission for Rejuvenation guiding principles in the Indian economy ?
and Urban Transformation (AMRUT 2.0), consider (a) Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997)
the following statements : (b) Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002)
1. It aims to provide universal coverage of water
(c) Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90)
in all statutory towns and 100% coverage of
sewerage/ septage management in 500 AMRUT (d) Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012)
cities. 94. Consider the following statements with reference to
2. It will promote circular economy of water mineral resources in India :
through development of City Water Balance
Plan (CWBP) for each city. 1. India is deficient in magnesite, manganese ore
and rock phosphate.
2. India continues to be wholly or largely self-

(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 sufficient in minerals such as, iron & steel,
aluminium and cement.
Unified Mobile Application for New Age Governance Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(UMANG) App : (a) 1 only
1. It aims to integrate major e-Gov services from (b) 2 only
various sectors to drive mobile governance in (c) Both 1 and 2
India. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Harsh 27
95- fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft;s% mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
1. pkyw [kkrk ?kkVk (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
2. jktdks"kh; ?kkVk (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
3. [kqnjk eqækLiQhfr 98- vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (IIP) ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
4- O;kikj larqyu dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
5- ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) 1- jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; ekfld :i ls bldk
6- çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (FDI) ladyu vkSj çdk'ku djrk gSA
2- vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad esa fjiQkbujh mRiknksa dk
o"kZ 2024 dh vkfFkZd leh{kk esa mijksDr esa ls fdrus ds
Hkkjkad lokZfèkd gSA
vkèkkj ij êSØks oYujsfcfyVh baMsDl* dh x.kuk dh
tkrh gS\ mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
99- jk"Vªh; vkink çfrfØ;k dks"k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr
96- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2024 ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
fopkj dhft;s%
1- bls Hkkjr ljdkj ds ¶lkoZtfud [kkrs¸ esa C;kt
1. FY22 vkSj FY24 ds chp Hkkjr dh okLrfod
jfgr vkjf{kr fuf/ ds :i esa j[kk tkrk gSA
GDP vkSlru 7-9 çfr'kr c<+us dk vuqeku gSA
2- çèkkuea=kh dk;kZy; (PMO) vkink dks"k dh lgk;rk
2. vuqeku gS fd ,slk yxkrkj rhljs o"kZ gksxk tc ls fd;s tkus okys jkgr dk;ks± dh fuxjkuh djrk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 7% ls vfèkd c<+sxhA
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 (c) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gha 2
100- Hkkjr esa js'ke mRiknu ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
97- la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr fe'ku ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa fopkj dhft;s%
ij fopkj dhft;s% 1- dukZVd Hkkjr esa js'ke dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gSA
1- orZeku esa bl fe'ku ds fy;s Hkkjr lSfudksa dk lcls 2- Hkkjr esa js'ke dh] 'kgrwr fdLe dk lokZfèkd mRiknu
cM+k ;ksxnkudÙkkZ gSA gksrk gSA
2- Hkkjr la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr fe'ku esa iw.kZ efgyk ny 3- Hkkjr fo'oHkj esa js'ke dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gSA
rSukr djus okyk igyk ns'k cu x;kA mi;ZqDr esa ls fdrus dFku lgh gSa\
3- fo'oHkj esa o"kZ 1948 esa la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr fe'ku (a) dsoy ,d (b) dsoy nks
LFkkfir fd;s x, FksA (c) lHkh rhu (d) dksbZ Hkh ugha
Harsh 28
95. Consider the following : How many of the above statements are correct ?

1. Current account deficit (a) Only one (b) Only two
2. Fiscal deficit (c) All three (d) None
3. Retail inflation 98. Consider the following statements with reference to
4. Trade balance Index for Industrial Production (IIP) :
5. Gross domestic product (GDP) 1. It is compiled and published monthly by the
6. Foreign Direct investment (FDI) National Statistical Office (NSO).
2. Refinery products have the highest weightage
How many of the above are considered for
in the IIP.

calculating the ‘Macro Vulnerability Index’
mentioned in the Economic Review of 2024 ? Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) Only three (b) Only four (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Only five (d) All six (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
96. With reference to the Economic Review 2024, 99. Consider the following statements with reference to
consider the following statements : National Disaster Response Fund :
1. India's real GDP is estimated to grow at an 1. It is placed in the “Public Account” of
average of 7.9 per cent between FY22 and Government of India as non interest bearing
FY24. reserve fund.
2. Prime Minister Office (PMO) monitors relief
2. This is estimated to be the 3rd straight year
activities from the fund for calamities.
when Indian economy would grow by more
than 7%. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 100. Consider the following statements with reference to
Silk production in India :
1. Karnataka is the largest producer of silk in
UN Peacekeeping Mission :
India.
1. India is the highest contributor of troops to the
2. The majority of silk produced in India is
mission currently.
Mulberry silk.
2. India became the first country to deploy an
3. India is the largest producer of silk in the world.
all-women contingent to a UN Peacekeeping
Mission. How many of the above statements are correct ?

3. UN Peacekeeping missions were established (a) Only one (b) Only two
around the world in 1948. (c) All three (d) None
Harsh 29
jQ dk;Z gsrq
Harsh 30
jQ dk;Z gsrq
Harsh 31
CIVIL SERVICES (PRELIMINARY) TEST SERIES – 2024
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

TEST BOOKLET SERIES
TEST BOOKLET
Test Code:
P1/P2/P3-2420 GENERAL STUDIES
TEST – 20
Time Allowed : Two Hours Maximum Marks : 200

INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT
THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR
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2. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES CODE A, B, C OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN
THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN THE ANSWER SHEET.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet
in the Box provided alongside this line. DO NOT write
anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each
question is printed both in Hindi and English. Each item
comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer
Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider
the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in the
Answer sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet, you have
to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your admission certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and examination has concluded,
you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the
Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE

TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong

answer has been given by the candidate, One-Third of the marks assigned to that question will be
deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the

given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that

question.
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
Note: Hindi version of the instructions is printed on the front cover of this Booklet.
CIVIL SERVICES (PRELIMINARY) TEST SERIES – 2024
TEST BOOKLET SERIES

ANSWER & EXPLANATION
Test Code:
P1/P2/P3-2420 GENERAL STUDIES
(Hindi Version) TEST – 20
ANSWERS
Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers
1 (a) 26 (b) 51 (c) 76 (a)
2 (a) 27 (b) 52 (b) 77 (d)
3 (a) 28 (c) 53 (b) 78 (b)
4 (b) 29 (a) 54 (b) 79 (d)
5 (c) 30 (d) 55 (a) 80 (a)
6 (c) 31 (b) 56 (b) 81 (c)
7 (c) 32 (a) 57 (c) 82 (a)
8 (a) 33 (c) 58 (a) 83 (b)
9 (d) 34 (c) 59 (b) 84 (a)
10 (b) 35 (a) 60 (a) 85 (b)
11 (d) 36 (b) 61 (a) 86 (c)
12 (b) 37 (b) 62 (b) 87 (b)
13 (a) 38 (a) 63 (d) 88 (b)
14 (b) 39 (a) 64 (a) 89 (c)

15 (b) 40 (a) 65 (b) 90 (c)
16 (d) 41 (b) 66 (d) 91 (a)
17 (a) 42 (b) 67 (b) 92 (c)
18 (c) 43 (c) 68 (a) 93 (c)
19 (d) 44 (d) 69 (b) 94 (c)
20 (a) 45 (b) 70 (c) 95 (a)
21 (c) 46 (a) 71 (a) 96 (c)
22 (c) 47 (a) 72 (b) 97 (b)
23 (b) 48 (b) 73 (c) 98 (c)
24 (d) 49 (d) 74 (b) 99. (a)
25 (a) 50 (c) 75 (a) 100. (b)
1. (a) ;g iqy eqacbZ ds lsojh ls 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj jk;x<+ f”kys
ds mj.k rkyqdk esa Ugkok 'ksok ij lekIr gksrk gSA
O;k[;k% vfYdjs&iQksLVj (AF) fofèk vkWDliQksMZ ikoVhZ ,aM áweu
bl ifj;kstuk dks tkiku baVjus'kuy dksvkWijs'ku ,tsalh
MsoyiesaV bfuf'k,fVo (OPHI) lchuk vfYdjs vkSj tsEl
(JICA) }kjk foÙkiksf"kr fd;k x;k gS] tks dqy ifj;kstuk
iQksLVj }kjk fodflr cgqvk;keh fuèkZurk dks ekius dk ,d
ykxr dk 80% doj djrh gS] tcfd 'ks"k fgLlk jkT;
rjhdk gSA
vkSj dsaæ ljdkjksa ds chp lk>k fd;k tkrk gSA vr% dFku
;g iQksLVj&xzhj&Fkksjcs ds ikoVhZ es”klZ ij vkèkkfjr gS] blesa
(2) lgh ugha gSA
fofHkUu çdkj ds vHkkoksa dh x.kuk 'kkfey gS ftudk ,d
O;fDr ,d gh le; esa vuqHko djrs gSa] tSls f'k{kk ;k 3. (a)
jks”kxkj dh deh] ;k [kjkc LokLF; ;k thou LrjA O;k[;k% dbZ LVkVZvi fjolZ fÝyfiax dj jgs gSa ;kuh viuh fons'kh
bu vHkkoksa dk fo'ys"k.k fuèkZuksa dh igpku djus ds fy;s gksfYMax bdkb;ksa dks Hkkjr esa LFkkukarfjr dj jgs gSaA
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fiQj çkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx fuèkZurk ^fjolZ fÝyfiax* in dk mi;ksx fons'kh LVkVZ&vi }kjk
ds cgqvk;keh lwpdkad (MPI) ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s fd;k vius ewy LFkku dks Hkkjr esa LFkukarfjr djus vkSj
tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa ij lwphc¼ gksus dh ço`fÙk
fuèkZuksa dh igpku djus ds fy;s] AF i¼fr fuèkZurk ds dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
fofHkUu ladsrdksa ds vkèkkj ij ,d O;fDr ;k ifjokj }kjk fjolZ fÝyfiax ds dkj.k%
vuqHko fd;s tkus okys vfrO;kiu ;k ,d lkFk gksus okys
Â Hkkjr dh cM+h vkSj c<+rh vFkZO;oLFkk dk ykHk mBkus ds
vHkkoksa dh x.kuk djrh gSA
mís'; ls
ladsrd Hkkj leku :i ls Hkkfjr gks ldrs gSa ;k buesa fHkUurk
Â m|e iwath ds xgu lzksrksa rd igq¡p lqfuf'pr djus ds
gks ldrh gSA fdlh O;fDr dks cgqvk;keh :i ls fuèkZu ds
mís'; ls
:i esa igpkuk tkrk gS ;fn mlds vHkkoksa dk Hkkfjr ;ksx
Â vkfFkZd loZs{k.k o"kZ 2022&23 us fjolZ fÝyfiax dh
fuèkZurk esa dVkSrh ls vfèkd ;k mlds cjkcj gS& tSls fd
lHkh vHkkoksa dk 20%] 30% ;k 50%A voèkkj.kk dks ekU;rk nh vkSj bl çfØ;k esa rsth ykus
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA ds fy;s dqN rjhds tSls dkWikZjs Vs dkuwuksa ,oa iwt
¡ h xfr'khyrk
esa lqxerk] djkèkku dk ljyhdj.k vkfn çLrkfor fd;sA

2. (a)
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA

O;k[;k% Hkkjr ds çèkkuea=kh }kjk eqacbZ Vªkal gkcZj fyad (Mumbai 4. (b)
Trans Harbour Link-MTHL) dk mn~?kkVu fd;k] ftls
vkfèkdkfjd rkSj ij vVy lsrq Ugkok 'ksok lh fyad (Atal O;k[;k% eksesaVe bUosfLVax fuos'k dh ,d ,slh 'kSyh dks lanfHkZr
Setu Nhava Sheva Sea Link) ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] djrk gS ftlesa fuos'kd ,sls LVkWd ;k ckW.M tSlh laifÙk [kjhnrs
tks 22 fdeh- dk ,d fo'kky leqæh iqy gSA gSa ftudh dher yxkrkj c<+ jgh gksrh gS] tcfd ,slh laifÙk
bl esxk&baÚkLVªDpj çkstsDV dk y{; lsojh vkSj fpjys ds csprs gSa ftudh dhersa de gks jgh gksrh gSaA
chp dh ;k=kk nwjh dks de djuk gS] ftlls ;k=kk ds le; Â eksesaVe fuos'kdksa dks ;g vk'kk jgrh gS fd bu ifjlaifÙk;ksa
esa mYys[kuh; deh vk,xhAA dh dherksa esa c<+ksrjh tkjh jgsxh] ftlls mUgsa Hkfo"; esa
vVy lsrq Hkkjr dk lcls yack iqy gS vkSj ns'k dk equkiQk dekus ds fy;s bu ifjlaifÙk;ksa dks Å¡ph dherksa
lcls yack leqæh iqy Hkh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA ij cspus dk volj feysxkA
;g yxHkx 21.8 fdeh- yack Ng ysu okyk iqy gS] Â ^vfèkd ij [kjhnsa] vfèkd ij cspsa dk eksesaVe* bUosfLVax
ftldh yackbZ leqæ ds Åij yxHkx 16.5 fdeh- vkSj ”kehu dk n'kZu de ij [kjhnsa] vfèkd ij cspsa ds ikjaifjd
ij yxHkx 5.5 fdeh- gSA n`f"Vdks.k ds fcYdqy foijhr gSA
bl iqy dk uke iwoZ çèkkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds eksesaVe bUosfLVax ,d ,slh j.kuhfr gS ftldk mís'; ck”kkj
uke ij j[kk x;k gSA esa ekStwnk #>kuksa dh fujarjrk ls ykHk mRiUu djuk gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 2
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
fnYyh&110009 ubZ fnYyh ykbUl] iz;kxjkt olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kumQ
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
ck”kkj dh xfr fdlh ewY; ço`fÙk dks Lo;a dks cuk, j[kus 7. (c)
vkSj tkjh j[kus dh {kerk gSA
O;k[;k% dks;yk xSlhdj.k ,d ,slh çfØ;k gS ftlesa ^Ý;wy xSl*
eksesaVe bUosfLVax esa vkerkSj ij rduhdh ladsrdksa ds vkèkkj
cukus ds fy;s dks;ys dks ok;q] vkWDlhtu] ok"i ;k dkcZu
ij fu;eksa dk ,d leqPp; 'kkfey gksrk gS tks fo'ks"k
MkbvkWDlkbM ds lkFk vkaf'kd :i ls vkWDlhÑr fd;k
çfrHkwfr;ksa ds fy;s ck”kkj esa ços'k vkSj fudkl fcanqvksa dks
tkrk gSA blesa dks;ys dks fcuk [kuu dh vko';drk ds
fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA
mi;ksxh xSlksa esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA
dqN is'ksoj fuos'k çcaèkd ewyHkwr dkjdksa vkSj ewY; ladsrdksa
bl xSl dk mi;ksx ÅtkZ çkIr djus ds fy;s ikbIM çkÑfrd
ij Hkjkslk djrs gq, eksesaVe bUosfLVax dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
xSl] ehFksu vkSj vU; ds LFkku ij fd;k tkrk gSA
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
dks;ys dk ^bu&lhVw* xSlhdj.k ;k Hkwfexr dks;yk

5. (c)
xSlhdj.k dks;ys dks xSl esa ifjofrZr djus dh rduhd
O;k[;k% dsæa h; i;kZoj.k] ou o tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa Je vkSj gS] bls dqvksa ds ekè;e ls fudkyk tkrk gSAA
jks”kxkj ea=kh Jh Hkwiæas ;kno us ns'k Hkj esa ydM+h] ck¡l vkSj vU; ;g fluxSl (Syngas) dks mRiUu djrk gS tks eq[; :i
ou mit ds fuckZèk ikjxeu dh lqfoèkk ds fy;s iwjs Hkkjr esa ls ehFksu (CH4)] dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM (CO)] gkbMªkstu
jk"Vªh; Vªkfa ”kV ikl flLVe (NTPS) dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k gSA (H2)] dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (CO2) vkSj ty ok"i (H2O)
orZeku esa] jkT; fof'k"V ikjxeu fu;eksa ds vkèkkj ij ydM+h dk feJ.k gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
vkSj ou mit ds ifjogu ds fy;s ikjxeu ijfeV tkjh fluxSl dk mi;ksx moZjd] b±èku] lkWYoSaV~l vkSj flaFksfVd
fd;s tkrs gSaA lkexzh vkfn dk mRiknu djus ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gSA
NTPS ,d osc iksVZy vkSj eksckby ,fIyds'ku ds :i
LVhy daifu;k¡ viuh fofuekZ.k çfØ;k esa eg¡xs vk;kfrr
esa dke djrk gS] tks ou mRiknksa ds ifjogu dh vuqefr dksfdax dks;ys dks dks;yk xSlhdj.k la;a=kksa ls fluxSl ls
,oa vukifÙk çek.k i=k (NOC) çkIr djus ds fy;s cnydj ykxr de dj ldrh gSaA
vkosnu vkWuykbu nkf[ky djus esa l{ke cukrk gSA vr%
;g eq[; :i ls fctyh mRiknu gsrq jklk;fud iQhMLVkWDl
dFku (1) lgh gSA
ds mRiknu esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
NTPS dh dYiuk ¶ou us'ku&ou ikl¸ O;oLFkk ds :i
o"kZ 2030 rd 100 ehfVªd Vu dks;ys dk xSlhdj.k vkSj
esa dh xbZ gS] tks iwjs ns'k esa fuckZèk ikjxeu dks l{ke
æohdj.k çkIr djus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; dks;yk xSlhdj.k fe'ku
cuk,xhA
vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
;g igy ns'k Hkj esa Ñf"k okfudh esa 'kkfey o`{k mRikndksa
,oa fdlkuksa ds fy;s ,d ,dhÑr] vkWuykbu eksM çnku 8. (a)
djds dk"B ikjxeu ijfeV tkjh djus dks lqO;ofLFkr djsxh] O;k[;k% vks-,u-th-lh- fons'k fyfeVsM (vks-oh-,y-) us :l ds
ftlls O;kikj djuk ljy gksxkA lqnwj iwoZ {ks=k esa vofLFkr l[kkfyu&1 rsy vkSj xSl {ks=kksa esa
vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA 20 çfr'kr fgLlsnkjh iqu% ys yh gSA

6. (c) ;g ifj;kstuk :l ds l[kkfyu vksCykLV {ks=k esa fLFkr gSA
fiNys vkWijsVj ,DlkWueksfcy ds ckgj fudyus ds mijkar
O;k[;k% ,Yxksfjne vkSj ekWMy&vkèkkfjr ½.k&ik=krk dk vkdyu
djus] ½.k nsus ds tksf[ke dk fuèkkZj.k djus ,oa ½.k nsus ds cuh la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr ckn :l us viuh l[kkfyu&1 ifj;kstuk
ckjs esa fu.kZ; ysus ds fy;s ifj"Ñr xf.krh; ekWMy rFkk esa rsy mRiknu dks iqu% cgky dj fn;k gSA
,Yxksfjne ds mi;ksx dks lanfHkZr djrs gSaA vr% fodYi (c) ;g :l esa fons'kh fuos'k ls tqM+h igyh cM+s iSekus dh
lgh gSA virVh; rsy vkSj xSl ifj;kstuk gSA
çR;sd laLFkku] pkgs og cSad gks ;k NBFC] mlds ikl l[kkfyu&1 rsy vkSj xSl fodkl ifj;kstuk :l ds lqnwj
çLrkoksa dk ewY;kadu djus] ½.k vkosnu dh lkoèkkuhiwoZd iwoZ esa l[kkfyu }hi ds mÙkj&iwohZ rV ij vks[kksVLd
tk¡p djus ds fy;s ,d fuf'pr çcaèku {kerk gksrh gSA lkxj esa fLFkr gSA
blesa rhu virVh; {ks=k 'kkfey gSa ftuds uke gSa pkboks] Hkkjr esa Msfu'k nwrkokl vkSj MsuekdZ dkSalykokl ds usr`Ro
vksMksIVw vkSj vdZqVqu&MkxhA esa] ;g uohu xBcaèku ,d j.kuhfrd igy gS tks Msfu'k
ifj;kstuk ds Hkkxhnkjksa esa tkikuh dalksfVZ;e l[kkfyu vkW;y m|ksxksa rFkk Hkkjr esa muds led{k ds chp uokpkj] lg;ksx
,aM xSl MsoyiesaV daiuh] Hkkjr dh jkT; ds LokfeRo ,oa lk>snkjh dks c<+kok nsdj gfjr gkbMªkstu lfgr gfjr
okyh vks-,u-th-lh- fons'k fyfeVsM ,oa :lh rsy daiuh b±èku dks çksRlkfgr djus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xkA
jkslusÝV 'kkfey gSaA GFAI Hkkjr vkSj MsuekdZ ds chp o"kZ 2020 esa gLrk{kfjr
vks-oh-,y- Hkkjr ljdkj dh feuhjRu vuqlwph ¶,¸ dk xzhu LVªSVsftd ikVZujf'ki (GSP) ds rgr xfrfofèk;ksa dk
dsaæh; lkoZtfud {ks=k m|e (lh-ih-,l-bZ-) gS rFkk ;g çn'kZu gS tks Hkkxhnkj ns'kksa ds egÙokdka{kh tyok;q y{;ksa
rsy ,oa çkÑfrd xSl fuxe fyfeVsM (vks-,u-th-lh-) dh dks iwjk djuk pkgrs gSaA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
iw.kZ LokfeRo okyh lgk;d vkSj fons'kh 'kk[kk gSA GFAI dh ?kks"k.kk o"kZ 2070 rd dkcZu rVLFk cuus ds
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA Hkkjr ds egÙoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld y{; ds lkFk lekurk j[krh gSA

9. (d) MsuekdZ us oSf'od tyok;q çn'kZu jSafdax 2024 esa 'kh"kZ
LFkku çkIr fd;k gS vkSj ;g o"kZ 2050 rd dkcZu rVLFkrk
O;k[;k% fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa Økafr ykus dh bldh fo'kky {kerk ds
çkIr djus dk mís'; j[krk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
dkj.k xzkiQhu dks 21oha lnh dh vn~Hkqr lkexzh ekuk x;k
gSA blds dqN mYys[kuh; vuqç;ksxksa dks uhps lwphc¼ gSa% 11. (d)
Â bysDVªkWfuDl% rs”k ,oa vfèkd dq'ky bysDVªkWfud
O;k[;k% Hkqxrku volajpuk fodkl dks"k ;kstuk ds y{;ksa ds
midj.kksa ds fy;s xzkiQhu&vkèkkfjr VªkaftLVj] lfdZV vkSj dk;kZUo;u dh fuxjkuh dkMZ usVodZ] Hkkjrh; cSad la?k
pkydrk okys rÙoA (IBA) vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkqxrku ifj"kn (PCI) dh lgk;rk ls
Â ÅtkZ HkaMkj.k% mPp ÅtkZ ?kuRo vkSj rhoz pkft±x {kerkvksa RBI }kjk dh tk,xhA
ds lkFk xzkiQhu&vkèkkfjr cSVjh ,oa lqijdSisflVjA vfèkxzkgh cSad (vfèkxzkgd vFkok O;kikjh cSad Hkh) fdlh
Â daMfDVo fiQYe% VpLØhu] yphys fMLIys vkSj lkSj O;kikjh ;k O;olk; dh vksj ls MsfcV vkSj ØsfMV dkMZ ds
'kSYl esa vuqç;ksxksa ds fy;s ikjn'khZ daMfDVo fiQYesaA ekè;e ls ysu&nsu djus okys foÙkh; laLFkku gSaA
Â lkexzh lqn`<+hdj.k% ,;jksLisl vkSj vkWVkseksfVo m|ksxksa esa fV;j&3 vkSj fV;j&4 dsaæksa dks LohÑfr midj.kksa dk
;kaf=kd 'kfDr c<+kus ,oa o”ku de djus ds fy;s la;kstdksa 30%] fV;j&5 o fV;j&6 dsaæksa dks 60% ,oa mÙkj iwohZ
rFkk lkefxz;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.kA jkT;ksa dks 10% vkoafVr fd;k tkuk çLrkfor gSA
Â Å"ek çcaèku% bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa esa dq'ky Å"ek varfuZfgr dkMZ Hkqxrku dk leFkZu djus okys ,dkfèkd
viO;; ds fy;s ghV flad vkSj FkeZy baVjiQsl lkexzh ds Hkqxrku LohÑfr midj.k vkSj ewyHkwr volajpuk] tSls fd
:i esa vuqç;ksxA fiQftdy IokbaV vkWiQ lsy] eksckby IokbaV vkWiQ lsy]
Â lsalj% xSlksa] jlk;uksa vkSj tSfod v.kqvksa dk irk yxkus tujy iSdsV jsfM;ks lfoZl (GPRS)] lkoZtfud fLoPM
ds fy;s mPp&laosnu'khyrk ;qDr lsaljA VsyhiQksu usVodZ (PSTN) vkSj D;wvkj dksM&vkèkkfjr
Â tSo fpfdRldh; midj.k% xzkiQhu dh tSo&vuqdwyrk Hkqxrku dks ;kstuk ds rgr foÙkiksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA
,oa vf}rh; xq.kksa ds dkj.k vkS"kèk forj.k ç.kkyh] lfClMh dk foHkktu% HkkSfrd PoS dh ykxr ij 30% ls
ck;kslsalj vkSj besftax midj.kksa dk mi;ksxA 50% dh lfClMh vkSj fMftVy PoS ds fy;s 50% ls
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA 75% dh lfClMh miyCèk djk;h tk,xhA

10. (b) vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA

12. (b)
O;k[;k% MsuekdZ us lrr~ ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp
lg;ksxkRed ç;klksa dks c<+kok nsus vkSj dkcZu rVLFkrk dh O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh igyh varfj{k&vkèkkfjr lkSj osèk'kkyk] vkfnR;
fn'kk esa vius la;qDr oSf'od y{; dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy;s L1 dks liQyrkiwoZd mlds bfPNr xarO;% lw;Z&i`Foh ySxzsaft;u
viuh xzhu Ý;wYl ,yk;al bafM;k (GFAI) igy dh ?kks"k.kk IokbaV L1 ds pkjksa vksj fo|eku gsyks vkWfcZV (halo orbit) esa
dh gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA ç{ksfir fd;k x;k gSA
gsyks vkWfcZV dk p;u fe'ku dh le;kofèk ik¡p o"kZ lqfuf'pr ;g nks lcls iqjkru uxjksa Hkkjr ds v;ksè;k vkSj FkkbZySaM
djus] LVs'ku lapkyu ds fy;s vko';d b±èku dh ek=kk dks ds v;qR;k dh ,sfrgkfld fojklrksa] ?kfu"B lkaLÑfrd lacaèkksa
de djus rFkk lw;Z dh fujarj rFkk fuckZèk n`';rk çnku djus rFkk lfn;ksa iqjkus lk>k ,sfrgkfld vk[;kuksa dk çfrfufèkRo
ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku (1) vkSj (3) lgh gSA djrk gSA
vkfnR;&L1 varfj{k ;ku ,d ihfj;kfMd gsyks vkWfcZV esa gS] vH;kl ds mn~?kkVu laLdj.k esa Lons'k fufeZr Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk
ftldh d{kh; vofèk yxHkx 177.86 fnu gS vkSj ;g ds tgk”k dqfy'k vkSj IN LCU 56 us Hkkx fy;kA
yxkrkj ifjorZu'khy lw;Z&i`Foh js[kk ij i`Foh ls yxHkx f}i{kh; vH;kl dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk] nksuksa ukSlsukvksa us
1.5 fefy;u fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ifjpkyu leUo; dks lqn`<+ djus vkSj vH;kl tfVyrk dks
orZeku esa L1 ij pkj vU; varfj{k ;ku ifjpkfyr gS%a mÙkjksÙkj c<+kus dh fn'kk esa ,d dne mBk,¡ gSaA
NASA dk foaM LislØkÝV vkSj ,MokaLM daiksf”k'ku ,DlIyksjj] vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

SpaceX }kjk ykWUp fd;k x;k Mhi Lisl DykbesV 15. (b)
vkWC”koZsVjh ,oa lksyj ,aM gsfyvksLiQsfjd vkWC”koZsVjh
(SOHO)& tks fd NASA vkSj ;wjksih; varfj{k ,tsl a h dk O;k[;k% ferk{kjk fofèk 'kk[kk fganw fofèk dh nks çeq[k fofèk
,d la;Dq r fe'ku gSAa vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA 'kk[kkvksa esa ls ,d gS tks fganw ifjokjksa esa laifÙk ds mÙkjkfèkdkj
dks fofu;fer djrh gSA nwljh 'kk[kk dks n;kHkkx dgk tkrk gSA
13. (a)
fganw fofèk dh ferk{kjk 'kk[kk 12oha 'krkCnh esa foKkus'oj
O;k[;k% ccy csch flaMªkse (BBS) ls ihfM+r nks eghus dh cPph }kjk fy[kh xbZ ;kKoYD; Le`fr ij fd;s x, Hkk"; ij
LoSfPNd vfLFk eTtk nkrk çR;kjksi.k dh lcls de mez dh vkèkkfjr gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
çkIrdÙkkZ cu xbZ gSA ;g lgnkf;drk dh voèkkj.kk dks ekU;rk nsrk gS] ftldk
BBS] ftls fpfdRldh; :i ls lhfo;j da c kba M vFkZ gS fd iSr`d laifÙk ifjokj ds lHkh iq#"k lnL;ksa
bE;wuksMsfiQf'k,alh (SCID) ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] ds ikl la;qDr :i ls forfjr gksrh gS vkSj laifÙk esa
çfrj{kk ç.kkyh dks çHkkfor djus okyk ,d nqyZHk vkuqoaf'kd mudk leku vfèkdkj gksrk gSA
fodkj gSA SCID okys cPps esa dk;kZRed çfrj{kk ç.kkyh lgnkf;d dks vius fgLls dks gLrkarfjr djus dk dksbZ iw.kZ
dk vHkko gksrk gS vkSj og xaHkhj ,oa çk.k&?kkrd laØe.kksa vfèkdkj ugha gS D;ksafd mldk fgLlk fuf'pr ;k lqfuf'pr
ds çfr laosnu'khy gksrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA ugha gS D;ksafd muds fgLlksa esa lgnkf;dksa ds tUe vkSj e`R;q
SCID ds lkFk mRiUu gq, f'k'kqvksa esa fyEiQkslkbV~l ds lkFk ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA
(Vh&dksf'kdk,¡ vkSj ch&dksf'kdk,¡) lfgr liQsn jDr fofèk dh bl 'kk[kk ds vuqlkj ,d efgyk dHkh Hkh
dksf'kdkvksa dh deh gksrh gS] tks laØe.k ls yM+us dk lgnkf;d ugha cu ldrhA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
dk;Z djrh gSaA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA ;g vle vkSj if'pe caxky dks NksM+dj (tgk¡ n;kHkkx
bldk lcls lkekU; mipkj LVse lsy VªkalIykaV (vfLFk ykxw gS) iwjs Hkkjr esa ykxw gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
eTtk çR;kjksi.k) gSA gkyk¡fd] o"kZ 2005 ds fganw mÙkjkfèkdkj (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e
,d fodkl'khy cPps esa] çfrj{kk ç.kkyh vfLFk eTtk esa us efgykvksa dks iSr`d laifÙk esa iq#"kksa dh rjg lgnkf;d
'kq: gksrh gSA LVse dksf'kdk,¡ rhu vyx&vyx çdkj dh cuus dk vfèkdkj fn;kA
jDr dksf'kdkvksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh cuus dh {kerk j[krh gSaA
16. (d)
Â yky jDr dksf'kdk,¡
Â 'osr jDr dksf'kdk,¡ O;k[;k% Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd loZs{k.k Hkkjr ljdkj ds foÙk ea=kky;
Â IysVysV~l
dk ,d okf"kZd nLrkos”k gSA
foÙk ea=kky; dk vkfFkZd dk;Z foHkkx gj o"kZ dsaæh;
14. (b)
ctV ls Bhd igys laln esa loZs{k.k is'k djrk gSA bls
O;k[;k% Hkkjr&FkkbZySaM ds eè; vk;ksftr f}i{kh; vH;kl dks Hkkjr ds eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkj ds ekxZn'kZu esa rS;kj
^v;qR;k vH;kl* uke fn;k x;k] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^vts;* fd;k x;k gSA
;k ^vijkts;* gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA

17. (a) bls us'kuy vphoesaV loZs (NAS) vkSj LVsV vphoesaV
loZs (SAS) tSls le;≤ ij yfuZax vkmVde VsLV
O;k[;k% vesfjdh Vªs”kjh lfpo us Hkw&jktuhfrd tksf[ke okys ns'kksa
vk;ksftr djus dk Hkh dke lkSaik tk,xkA
ls nwjLFk O;kikj esa fofoèkrk ykus ds fy;s ¶ÚsaM'kksfjax¸ ij
”kksj fn;k gSA ;g rhu çeq[k ewY;kadu {ks=kksa ij dk;Z djsxk% O;kid
ÚsaM'kksfjax ,d j.kuhfr gS tgk¡ ,d ns'k dPps eky] ewY;kadu] Ldwy&vkèkkfjr ewY;kadu rFkk ijh{kk lqèkkjA
?kVdksa vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd fufeZr oLrqvksa dks mu ns'kksa ls 19. (d)
çkIr djrk gS tks blds ewY;ksa dks lk>k djrs gSaA blesa
O;k[;k% okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=kky; ds rgr m|ksx lao¼Zu ,oa
vkiwfrZ Ükà[kykvksa dh fLFkjrk ds fy;s ¶[krjk¸ ekus tkus
okys ns'kksa ij fuHkZjrk èkhjs&èkhjs de gks tkrh gSA vkarfjd O;kikj foHkkx (DPIIT) Hkkjr esa LVkVZvi dks ekU;rk
çnku djrk gSA 31 fnlacj] 2023 rd] DPIIT us 117,254
bls ¶,yh'kksfjax¸ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
LVkVZvi dks ekU;rk nh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
vesfjdk ds fy;s :l us yacs le; ls [kqn dks ,d fo'oluh;
;wfudkWuZ ,d 'kCn gS ftldk mi;ksx tksf[ke iw¡th m|ksx esa
ÅtkZ Hkkxhnkj ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k gS ysfdu ;wØsu ;q¼
$1 fcfy;u ls vfèkd ewY; okyh futh LVkVZvi daiuh
esa] mlus ;wjksi ds yksxksa ds f[kykiQ xSl vkiwfrZ dk mi;ksx
,d gfFk;kj ds :i esa fd;kA dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa $349.67
;g ,d mnkgj.k gS fd dSls lHkh Hkkxhnkj ns'k nqHkkZouk ds
fcfy;u (vDrwcj 2023) ds dqy ewY;kadu okyh 111
pyrs vius Lo;a ds LokFkZ ds fy;s Hkw&jktuhfrd ykHk mBkus ;wfudkWuZ LVkVZvi ekStwn gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
;k O;kikj dks ckfèkr djus ds iz;kl esa vius ck”kkj dh LVkVZvi bafM;k igy Hkkjr esa uokpkj vkSj m|ferk dks
fLFkfr dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ,d ljdkjh igy gSA bl igy ds rgr
ÚsaM&'kksfjax ;k ,yh&'kksfjax vesfjdk ds fy;s iQeks± dks vius ;ksX; daifu;ksa dks DPIIT }kjk LVkVZvi ds :i esa ekU;rk
lksflZax vkSj eSU;qiQSDpfjax lkbV~l dks mu ÚsaMyh rVksa ij ys fey ldrh gSA
tkus ds fy;s çHkkfor djus dk ,d lkèku cu x;k gS tks ,d LVkVZvi ds :i esa ekU;rk feyus ds fuEufyf[kr
vesfjdk ls lacafèkr gSaA ykHk gSa%
ÚsaM'kksfjax dk y{; de laxr ns'kksa ls vkiwfrZ Ükà[kykvksa Â dj ykHk
dh j{kk djuk gS] tSls vesfjdk ds ekeys esa phuA vr% Â lqxe vuqikyu
fodYi (a) lgh gSA
Â IPR iQkLV&VªSfdax
18. (c)
20. (a)
O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; f'k{kk vuqlaèkku vkSj çf'k{k.k ifj"kn (ncert)
us Hkkjr ds igys jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu fu;ked] ij[k (lexz O;k[;k% mijksDr vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] iq#"k Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj
fodkl ds fy;s çn'kZu ewY;kadu] leh{kk vkSj Kku dk ('kgjh) 5 o"kks± (2017&18 ls 2022&23) ls leku cuh gqbZ
fo'ys"k.k) dks vfèklwfpr fd;k gS] ftldk mís'; lHkh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
cksMks± ds fy;s ewY;kadu fn'kkfunZs'k fuèkkZfjr djuk gSA vr%
dFku (2) lgh gSA
PARAKH dks jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP)&2020 ds
dk;kZUo;u ds Hkkx ds :i esa ykWUp fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa
u, ewY;kadu iSVuZ vkSj uohure 'kksèk ds ckjs esa Ldwy cksMks±
dks lykg nsus ,oa muds chp lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds
fy;s ,d ekud&fuèkkZj.k fudk; dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
;g NCERT ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa dk;Z djsxkA vr%
dFku (3) lgh gSA
30.4% ds lkFk nwljk lcls cM+k ?kVd gSA vU; ?kVdksa
esa 'kkfey gS%a SDR (5.9%)] ;su (5.7%)] ;wjks (3.0%)A
Hkkjr dk xSj&laçHkq ½.k laçHkq ½.k ls vfèkd gSA vr%
dFku (3) lgh gSA
23. (b)
O;k[;k bZ&os fcy] bZ&os fcy iksVZy ij eky dh vkoktkgh ds fy;s

rS;kj fd;k tkus okyk ,d bysDVªkWfud os fcy gSA ,d th-
,l-Vh- iathÑr O;fDr fcuk bZ&os fcy ds tks ljdkjh osclkbV
mijksDr xzkiQ ds vuqlkj] efgyk Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj ij tsujsV gksrk gS] ,sls eky dk ifjogu ugha dj ldrk gS
('kgjh + xzkeh.k) fiNys 5 o"kks± esa yxkrkj c<+h gSA vr% ftldk ewY; 50,000 (,dy pkyku@fcy@fMyhojh pkyku)
dFku (1) lgh gSA #i, ls vfèkd gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
21. (c) lHkh çdkj ds ysunsu ds lacaèk esa eky ds ifjogu ds
fy;s pkgs vkiwfrZ jkT; ds Hkhrj gks ;k varjjkT;h; gks]
O;k[;k% çkFkfed ?kkVk pkyw o"kZ ds jktdks"kh; ?kkVs vkSj fiNys
vkod vkiwfrZ pkgs jkT; ds Hkhrj ls gks ;k varjjkT;h; gks]
o"kZ dh mèkkjh ij fn;s x, C;kt ds chp dk varj gSA
blesa viathÑr O;fDr Hkh 'kkfey gS ;k vkiwfrZ ds vykok
vr% dFku (1) o (2) lgh gSaA
vU; dkj.kksa ls Hkh bZ&os fcy vfuok;Z gSA vr% dFku (2)
çkFkfed ?kkVk ml jkf'k dks n'kkZrk gS ftls ljdkj dks vius
lgh ugha gSA
orZeku o"kZ ds O;;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s mèkkj ysus dh
bZ&os fcy fu;eksa ls NwV çkIr] fof'k"V oLrq,¡ gSa%
vko';drk gksrh gSA
Â ngh] yLlh] NkN_
dqN vU; çdkj ds ?kkVs ftues 'kkfey gSa%
Â rk”kk nwèk vkSj ik'pqjhÑr nwèk ftlesa vfrfjDr phuh ;k
Â jktdks"kh; ?kkVk% mèkkj dks NksM+dj dqy çkfIr;ksa ls
?kVk;k x;k dqy O;;A vU; ehBk djus okyk inkFkZ u gks_
Â lfC”k;k¡_
Â jktLo ?kkVk% jktLo çkfIr;ksa vkSj jktLo O;; ds chp
varj Â iQyA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
Â ctVh; ?kkVk% ljdkj ds jktLo ,oa iwath [kkrs nksuksa esa Â vlalkfèkr pk; dh ifÙk;k¡ vkSj fcuk Hkquh dkWiQh chUlA
lHkh çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; ds chp dk varj Â thfor i'kq] ikSèks ,oa o`{kA
vFkZ'kkL=kh vkerkSj ij lykg nsrs gSa fd ljdkj dk y{; Â ekalA
U;wure ;k 'kwU; çkFkfed ?kkVk gksuk pkfg;sA ;g j.kuhfr Â vuktA

lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd ljdkj dk ½.k&ls&thMhih vuqikr 24. (d)
çcaèkuh; jgrk gS vkSj vkfFkZd lao`f¼ ,oa fodkl dk leFkZu
djus ds fy;s jktdks"kh; HkaMkj miyCèk gks ikrs gSaA O;k[;k% ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk ;g ;kstuk yksgkj] lqukj] dqEgkj]
c<+bZ vkSj ewfrZf'kYi tSls fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa yxs ikjaifjd
22. (c)
nLrdkjksa rFkk f'kYidkjksa ds mRFkku ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ gS] ftlesa
O;k[;k% foÙk ea=kky; dk vkfFkZd dk;Z foHkkx] Hkkjrh; fj”koZ lkaLÑfrd fojklr dks lajf{kr djus ,oa mUgsa vkSipkfjd
cSad ds lg;ksx ls] cká okf.kfT;d ½.k (ECB) fn'kkfunZs'kksa vFkZO;oLFkk o oSf'od ewY; Ükà[kyk esa ,dhÑr djus ij è;ku
vkSj fofu;eksa dk i;Zos{k.k ,oa fofu;eu djrk gSA vr% dFku fn;k x;k gSA
(1) lgh gSA bls ,d dsaæh; {ks=k ;kstuk ds :i esa ykxw fd;k tk,xk]
vesfjdh MkWyj ewY;oxZ dk ½.k Hkkjr ds fons'kh ½.k tks iwjh rjg ls Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr gksxhA
dk lcls cM+k ?kVd gS] tks fd 54.4% gSA Hkkjrh; #i;k vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|e ea=kky; (MoMSME) bl mPp {kerk okys bl fj,DVj dh LFkkiuk Lons'kh rduhd
;kstuk ds fy;s uksMy ea=kky; gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ls dh xbZ gSA blesa fuEu ifj"Ñr ;wjsfu;e (LEU) ls fufeZr
ugha gSA IysV ds vkdkj dk çdh.kZu b±èku dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
;g ;kstuk MoMSME] dkS'ky fodkl ,oa m|ferk ea=kky; 27. (b)
vkSj foÙkh; lsok foHkkx] foÙk ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk
la;qDr :i ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA O;k[;k% vaxksyk us ?kks"k.kk dh gS fd og vkmViqV dksVk ij fookn
;kstuk esa ukekafdr nLrdkjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks ih,e dks ysdj 1 tuojh] 2024 ls rsy mRiknd laxBu vksisd
fo'odekZ çek.k i=k ,oa ,d igpku i=k feysxkA (OPEC) NksM+ jgk gSA
isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa ds laxBu (OPEC) dh LFkkiuk
;s nLrdkj vkSj f'kYidkj 5% dh fj;k;rh C;kt nj ij
1 yk[k #i, (igyh fd'r) ,oa 2 yk[k #i, (nwljh cxnkn] bjkd esa flracj 1960 esa ik¡p laLFkkid lnL;ksa
fd'r) rd dh laikf'oZd&eqDr ½.k lgk;rk ds fy;s Hkh vFkkZr~ bLykfed fjifCyd vkWiQ bZjku] bjkd] dqoSr] lÅnh
ik=k gksaxsA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA vjc vkSj osus”kq,yk }kjk ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj ds
lkFk dh xbZ FkhA
25. (a)
ckn esa blesa] drj (1961)] baMksusf'k;k (1962)] yhfc;k
O;k[;k% o`f¼'khy iwath mRiknu vuqikr (ICOR) gSjksM&Mksej (1962)] la;qDr vjc vehjkr (1967)] vYthfj;k (1969)]
xzksFk F;ksjh ls fodflr gqvk gS vkSj u, fuos'k ,oa vkfFkZd ukbthfj;k (1971)] bDokMksj (1973)] xSckWu (1975)] vaxksyk
fodkl ds chp lacaèkksa dh tk¡p djrk gS] ;g n'kkZrk gS fd (2007)] bDosVksfj;y fxuh (2017) vkSj dkaxks (2018) 'kkfey
1% vfèkd vkmViqV mRiUu djus ds fy;s fdruh vfrfjDr gks x,A
iwath dh vko';drk gSA
bDokMksj us fnlacj 1992 esa viuh lnL;rk okil ysyh Fkh]
de ICOR iwath dh vfèkd n{krk vkSj mRiknd mi;ksx
;g vDrwcj 2007 esa vksisd esa fiQj ls 'kkfey gks x;k]
dk çrhd gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gkyk¡fd blus iqu% 2020 esa vksisd dh lnL;rk ls gVus
SBI dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa cpr vkSj fuos'k
dk iQSlyk fd;kA
esa c<+ksrjh dk #>ku ns[kk tk jgk gS] ftlds lkFk&lkFk
baMksusf'k;k us tuojh 2009 esa viuh lnL;rk fuyafcr dj
ICOR esa Hkh deh vk jgh gSA
nh] tuojh 2016 esa bls fiQj ls lfØ; dj fn;k] ysfdu
Hkkjr dk orZeku esa ICOR 3.5 (foÙk o"kZ 2022 rd) gS]
uoacj 2016 esa ,d ckj fiQj viuh lnL;rk fuyafcr djus
gkyk¡fd] foÙk o"kZ 2012 esa ;g 7.5 FkkA
dk iQSlyk fd;kA
26. (b)
xSckWu us tuojh 1995 esa viuh lnL;rk lekIr dj nh FkhA
O;k[;k% vIljk Hkkjr dk igyk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku fj,DVj Fkk tks gkyk¡fd] ;g tqykbZ 2016 esa laxBu esa fiQj ls 'kkfey gks x;kA
fd 4 vxLr] 1956 dks Økafrdrk (Criticality) dh fLFkfr drj us tuojh 2019 esa viuh lnL;rk lekIr dj nhA
esa igq¡p x;k FkkA ,d esxkokV ds vIljk vuqlaèkku fj,DVj bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd orZeku esa laxBu esa dqy 12 lnL;
dk mn~?kkVu rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh tokgjyky usg: us fd;k Fkk] ns'k 'kkfey gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
;g ,d iwy&çdkj dk fj,DVj FkkA
28. (c)
vIljk ds can gksus ds ukS o"kZ ckn] HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku
dsaæ (BARC) us 10 flracj] 2018 dks vIljk&(;w) dk O;k[;k% INS baiQky (Pennant D68)] çkstsDV 15B ds pkj ;q¼iksrksa
ifjpkyu çkjaHk fd;k FkkA esa ls rhljk gS] tks fo'kk[kkiêðue Js.kh ds LVsYFk xkbMsM
bl le; rd ns'k esa vkB vuqlaèkku fj,DVj fufeZr fd;s felkby MsLVªkW;j gSa] bls gky gh esa Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk esa 'kkfey
x, FksA ftuesa ls dsoy nks&èkzoq vkSj dkfeuh&gh dk;Z&lapkyu fd;k x;k FkkA vr% ;qXe (2) lgh lqesfyr gSA
esa FksA fo'kk[kkiêðue Js.kh ds vc rd deh'ku fd;s x, vU; nks
'ks"k Ng vuqlèa kku fj,DVj&vIljk] lkbjl] iwf.kZek I] iwf.kZek tgk”kksa esa INS fo'kk[kkiêðue vkSj INS ekseZqxkvks 'kkfey gSaA
II] iwf.kZek III vkSj tfyZuk dks o"kZ 1973 ,oa 2010 ds pkSFkk tgk”k] D69] ifjpkyu esa vkus ij bldk uke INS
chp can dj fn;k x;k FkkA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA lwjr j[kk tk,xkA
tgk”k Js.kh leku Hkkj] mi;ksx] {kerkvksa vkSj gfFk;kjksa ds flxkjkbfVl dataDVk ;k ¶da”kkbaM flYojykbu¸ uke
lkFk fufeZr tgk”kksa ds lewg dks n'kkZrk gSA dh ;g vuks[kh çtkfr igyh ckj o"kZ 2008 esa ns[kh xbZ
o"kZ 2014 vkSj 2016 ds chp] Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk us '15A' Fkh] ysfdu o"kZ 2021 esa fd;s x, O;kid 'kksèk ds rgr
dwfVr uke ifj;kstuk ds rgr dksydkrk Js.kh ds rhu xkbMsM lkeus vkbZA
felkby MsLVªkW;j tgk”kksa dks 'kkfey fd;kA ;g [kkst caxyq# esa fLFkr us'kuy lsaVj iQkWj ck;ksykWftdy
dksydkrk oxZ esa INS dksydkrk] INS dksfPp vkSj INS lkbals”k (NCBS-TIFR) ds oSKkfudksa dh ,d Vhe us bafM;u
psUubZ 'kkfey FksA vr% ;qXe (3) lgh lqesfyr gS ,oa vr% iQkmaMs'ku iQkWj cVjÝykb”k VªLV ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa ds lg;ksx
;qXe (4) lgh lqesfyr ugha gSA ls dh FkhA
;s tgk”k vius iwoZorhZ fnYyh Js.kh ds tgk”kksa ls ,d 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks dukZVd ds dksMkxq f”kys dh guh oSyh esa
dne vkxs Fks] ftuesa INS fnYyh] INS eSlwj vkSj INS da”kkbaM flYojykbu frryh ds uewus feysA
eqacbZ 'kkfey Fks] tks çkstsDV 15 ds rgr fufeZr fd;s x, Hkkjr esa] flYojykbu frrfy;ksa dh 16 çtkfr;k¡ gSa] ftuesa
Fks rFkk o"kZ 1997 ,oa 2001 ds chp ifjpkyu esa vk,A ls 11 çk;}hih; Hkkjr vkSj Jhyadk nksuksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSaA
vr% ;qXe (1) lgh lqesfyr gSA gkyk¡fd frryh dh ;g çtkfr;k¡ Hkkjr esa O;kid :i ls
Hkkjr ds j{kk {ks=k ds çeq[k lkoZtfud miØeksa (PSU) esa ekStwn gSa] tcfd dqN fgeky; {ks=k rd gh lhfer gSaA uo
ls ,d e>xk¡o MkWd f'kifcYMlZ fyfeVsM (MDSL) us bu of.kZr da”kkbaM flYojykbu frryh if'peh ?kkV esa [kksth
lHkh tgk”kksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA xbZ dsoy nwljh LFkkfud çtkfr gS vkSj eq[; :i ls ?kus
29. (a) eè;&Å¡pkbZ okys lnkcgkj ouksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS] tks fo'ks"k
O;k[;k% gky gh esa] Hkkjr us vksfM'kk ds rVh; {ks=k esa fLFkr j{kk i;kZokl çkFkfedrkvksa dk ladsr nsrh gSA
dsaæ ls lrg ls gok esa ekj djus okyh ubZ ih<+h dh vkdk'k vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA

felkby (vkdk'k&NG) dk liQyrkiwoZd ijh{k.k fd;kA 31. (b)
Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk (IAF) ds fy;s ubZ ih<+h dh vR;kèkqfud
O;k[;k% ioZrh; ikfjfLFkfrdh ç.kkfy;ksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh vçR;kf'kr
lrg ls gok esa ekj djus okyh felkby (SAM) gS] tks
tSofofoèkrk dks le>us ds ç;kl esa ikfjfLFkfrdh foKkuh gky
rs”kh ls gksus okys gokbZ [krjksa dks fuf"Ø; djus dh {kerk
ds o"kks± esa gEcksYV ,fuXek (Humboldt's enigma) dk vè;;u
j[krh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
dj jgs gSa tks ikjaifjd voèkkj.kk ds foijhr gSA
mUur laLdj.k esa ,d ,fDVo bysDVªkWfudyh LdSUM ,sjs
çtkfr;ksa dh fofoèkrk ds cM+s iSekus ij HkkSxksfyd çk:iksa
(AESA) eYVh&iQaD'ku jMkj yxk;k x;k gS tks ,d gh
ds fy;s orZeku ifjdYiuk,¡] fo'ks"k :i ls m".kdfVcaèkh;
IysViQkWeZ ij lHkh rhu dk;ks±&[kkstus] fuxjkuh j[kus vkSj
{ks=kksa esa] ioZrh; {ks=kksa dh vlkèkkj.k :i ls mPp tSofofoèkrk
vfXu fu;a=k.k dh lqfoèkk nsrk gSA
dks larks"ktud <ax ls le>kus esa vleFkZ gSaA bls gEcksYV
;g ,d duLrj ;qDr ykapj vkSj ,d NksVh xzkmaM ç.kkyh
,fuXek ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ls ;qDr gSA felkby dks vU; leku ç.kkfy;ksa dh rqyuk esa
;g vysDtsaMj okWu gEcksYV dh fVIif.k;ksa ls çsfjr ikjaifjd
csgrj ifjfu;kstu {kerk ds lkFk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
èkkj.kkvksa ij loky mBkrh gS tks ekurh gSa fd m".kdfVcaèkh;
vkdk'k Hkkjr dh igyh Lons'kh :i ls vfHkdfYir] fodflr
{ks=k] tgk¡ i;kZIr lw;Z çdk'k miyCèk gS]a i`Foh ij tSofofoèkrk
vkSj mRikfnr ok;q j{kk ç.kkyh gSA ;g lqijlksfud baVjlsIV
ds çkFkfed dsaæ gSaA
ds lkFk nqfu;k esa fufeZr vc rd dh lcls oguh;] lrg
bldk rdZ gS fd de èkwi çkIr djus vkSj BaMs rkieku dh
ls gok esa ekj djus okyh felkby Hkh gSA vr% dFku (1)
lgh gSA çfrdwyrk ds ckotwn] ioZrh; ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k vlkèkkj.k
tSofofoèkrk dk çn'kZu djds bl èkkj.kk dks [kkfj”k djrs
30. (d)
gSa] ftlls ikjaifjd ikfjfLFkfrd fl¼karksa dks pqukSrh feyrh
O;k[;k% Hkkjr ds if'peh ?kkV tSofofoèkrk gkWVLikWV esa flYojykbu gS vkSj bl folaxfr dh tk¡p gsrq vUos"k.k dks c<+kok
frryh dh ,d ubZ çtkfr dh igpku dh xbZ gSA feyrk gSA
gEcksYV dh voèkkj.kk ;g n'kkZrh gS fd ,d vksj rkieku] mudh ilan dk mnkgj.k bDokMksj esa ekmaV fpEcksjktks Fkk]
Å¡pkbZ vkSj vkæZrk rFkk nwljh vksj çtkfr;ksa dh la[;k esa tks vkt ioZrh; fofoèkrk dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ mnkgj.k cu
fxjkoV dk çk:i] budh tSofofoèkrk ds chp ds lacaèk dks x;k gSA
n'kkZrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

32. (a)
O;k[;k% fgeky;u oqYiQ (dSful Y;wil pkadks)] fgeky; esa ik;k tkus okyk ,d çeq[k Y;wfiu f'kdkjh gS bldk vkdyu igyh ckj
27 twu] 2023 dks baVjus'kuy ;wfu;u iQkWj da”koZs'ku vkWiQ uspj (IUCN) }kjk fd;k x;k ftlus bls viuh jsM fyLV esa lwphc¼
fd;k gSA fgeky;u oqYiQ ,d jgL;e; Y;wfiu f'kdkjh gS tks fgeky; dh Å¡ps f'k[kjksa ij ik;k tkrk gSA
bls IUCN dh jsM fyLV esa ^lqHks|* Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
oxhZdj.k yHkx 2,275&3,792 O;Ld fgeky;u cqYiQksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA vkdyu esa bl vuqeku esa vfuf'prrk dks Hkh
Lohdkj fd;k x;kA
;g vkdyu çnf'kZr djrk gS fd vfèkdrj fgeky;u cqYiQ vkcknh usiky vkSj Hkkjr dh fgeky; Ükà[kyk rFkk frCcr ds
iBkjh {ks=k rd foLr`r gSA
Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k esa 227&378 O;Ld fgeky;u cqYiQ ekStwn gSaA o"kZ 2020 esa Hkkjrh; oU;tho laLFkku ds 'kksèkdÙkkZ f'koe
Jksf=k; }kjk fd;k x;k fgeky;u cqYiQ dk ;g vkdyu yxHkx 378&630 fgeky;u cqYiQ ij vkèkkfjr gSA
Jksf=k; ds vuqeku esa dsoy yík[k vkSj fgekpy çns'k dh Lihfr ?kkVh 'kkfey FkhA gkyk¡fd] buds vkokl dk NksVk {ks=k Hkkjr
ds mÙkjk[kaM vkSj flfDde jkT;ksa esa Hkh miyCèk gS] tgk¡ dqN vU; fgeky;u cqYiQ ekStwn gks ldrs gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
33. (c) i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifjorZuksa ds çfr mudh
vuqdwyu'khyrk rFkk çcy lgu'khyrk muds O;kid iQSyko
O;k[;k% i'kqèku esa nokvksa ds cM+s iSekus ij mi;ksx ds dkj.k i{kh esa ;ksxnku djrh gS ftlls os vR;fèkd vkØked gks tkrs gSaA
çtkfr;ksa dh rs”kh ls ?kVrh vkcknh dks lajf{kr djus ds fy;s budh çÑfr vkØked gksrh gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ;s u
>kj[kaM ds dksMjek f”kys esa ,d ^fx¼ jsLrjka* LFkkfir fd;k dsoy ePNjksa ds ykokZ vfirq ns'kh eNyh çtkfr;ksa ds vaMksa
x;k gSA dk Hkh Hk{k.k djrh gSaA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
>kj[kaM esa igys fx¼ cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs FksA ysfdu
35. (a)
çfrcafèkr fMDyksiQsukd] tks lwtu vkSj cq[kkj ds y{k.kksa
ds bykt ds fy;s i'kqvksa dks nh tkus okyh ,d lkekU; O;k[;k% IIT fnYyh us igyk gkbZ&js”kksY;w'ku okyk Hkkjrh; HkwL[kyu
nok gS] ds çpfyr mi;ksx ds dkj.k dksMjek vkSj g”kkjhckx laosnu'khyrk ekufp=k.k (ILSM) cuk;k gSA
ekufp=k HkwL[kyu dh laHkkouk ds vkèkkj ij {ks=kksa dks ”kksu
f”kyksa ds dqN fgLlksa dks NksM+dj jkT; ls ;g i{kh yxHkx
esa foHkkftr djrk gSA ;g Hkkjr dks ik¡p Hks|rk oxks± esa
xk;c gks x;k gSA
foHkkftr djrk gSA
igyk ^fx¼ jsLrjka* o"kZ 2015 esa egkjk"Vª ds jk;x<+ f”kys
fcx MsVk rduhdh ,oa fof'k"V varfuZfgr fl¼karksa ds lkFk
ds iQkalkM oU;tho vHk;kj.; esa vkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA vr% fofHkUu e'khu yfu±x ekWMYl dks fu;ksftr djrs gq,] ekufp=k
fodYi (c) lgh gSA ekWMy 16 HkwL[kyu daMh'kfuax dkjdksa dks ,dhÑr djrk
,sls pkj vU; jsLrjka x<+fpjkSyh esa vkSj ,d ukfld f”kys gS] ftlesa Å¡pkbZ] <ky] e`nk dk çdkj] lM+dksa ls nwjh] ufn;ksa
ds gjlqy esa gSa] ;g pkjksa ,d gh jkT; esa gSaA ls fudVrk] ouLifr ?kuRo] o"kkZ vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
34. (c) ekufp=k esa 95% ls vfèkd lVhdrk ds lkFk 100 ehVj
dk mPp LFkkfud fj”kkWY;w'ku gSA
O;k[;k% gky gh esa vkaèkz çns'k] vksfM'kk vkSj iatkc ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa ekufp=k esa Hkkjr ds 13.17% HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dks HkwL[kyu
esa ePNjksa ds c<+rs [krjs ls fuiVus ds mik; ds :i esa LFkkuh; ds çfr laosnu'khy ds :i esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS vkSj
ty fudk;ksa esa ekWfLdVksfiQ'k (xacwfl;k) NksM+h xbZ gSA 4.75% {ks=k dks ¶vfr vfrlaosnu'khy¸ ds :i esa fpfÉr
nf{k.k iwohZ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds rk”ks ty esa ewy :i fd;k x;k gSA
ls ikbZ tkus okyh ewy fuoklh ekWfLdVksfiQ'k] ePNjksa ds vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA

ykokZ gsrq viuh Hkw[k ds fy;s tkuh tkrh gSA vr% dFku 36. (b)
(1) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% ^n`f"V 10 LVkjykbuj* ekuojfgr gokbZ ;ku (UAV) ,d
ekWfLdVksfiQ'k dh nks çtkfr;k¡] xacwfl;k ,fiQful vkSj
,MokaLM baVy s htsl
a &lfoZykal IysViQkWeZ gS] ftls vMkuh fMiQsl a
xacwfl;k gksyCkwzdh] dks i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy ekuk tkrk FkkAA
vkSj ,;jksLisl }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k gS] ;g Hkkjr dh
fiQj Hkh vuisf{kr ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd vesfjdk ls bu j{kk çkS|ksfxdh esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ fodkl dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA
eNfy;ksa dk nqfu;k Hkj esa çlkj gqvk] ftlls ikfjfLFkfrd n`f"V 10 LVkjykbuj 450 fdyksxzke Hkkj dks mBk ldrk
leL;k mRiUu gqbZA gSA ;s UAV 36 ?kaVs rd mM+ku Hkj ldrk gSA
xacfw l;k (Gambusia) dks Hkkjr esa igyh ckj o"kZ o"kZ 1928 ;g gj rjg ds ekSle esa dk;Z dj ldrk gS vkSj bls NATO
esa fczfV'k 'kklu ds nkSjku rs”kh ls iQSyus okys ePNjksa dh dk STANAG 4671 lfVZfiQds'ku Hkh feyk gSA tks bls
jksdFkke djus gsrq is'k fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA i`FkDÑr vkSj vi`FkDÑr nksuksa çdkj ds gokbZ {ks=kksa esa lapkfyr
blds ckn Hkkjr esa ljdkjh fudk; rFkk futh laxBuksa us djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
lkewfgd :i ls xacwfl;k ds ekè;e ls eysfj;k ls fuiVus 37. (b)
dk ç;kl fd;kA O;k[;k% gky gh esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k tfLVl ch-vkj-
çkjaHk esa xacwfl;k eNfy;ksa ds mi;ksx dk mís'; ePNjksa ds xobZ dks lokZsPp U;k;ky; fofèkd lsok lfefr (Supreme
ykokZ dks fu;af=kr djuk Fkk fdarq varr% os vkØked fons'kt Court Legal Services Committee-SCLSC) ds vè;{k ds
çtkfr;ksa (Invasive Alien Species) esa cny xb±A :i esa ukfer fd;k x;k gSA
SCLSC dk xBu 'kh"kZ U;k;ky; ds vfèkdkj {ks=k ds rgr mudk vfèkdka'k jktLo dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa }kjk çnku fd;s x,
vkus okys ekeyksa esa ¶lekt ds de”kksj oxks± dks eqÝr vkSj vuqnku ls vkrk gS] ftlesa 80% jktLo dsaæ ljdkj ds
l{ke fofèkd lsok,¡¸ çnku djus ds fy;s fofèkd lsok vuqnku ls rFkk 15% jkT; ljdkj ds vuqnku ls vkrk gSA
çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e] 1987 dh èkkjk 3A ds rgr fd;k vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
x;k FkkA vius&vius jkT; ds jktLo esa iapk;rksa dh fgLlsnkjh U;wure
blesa lokZsPp U;k;ky; (SC) dk orZeku U;k;kèkh'k] tks cuh gqbZ gSA vkaèkz çns'k esa iapk;rksa dh jktLo çkfIr;k¡ jkT;
vè;{k gS] ds lkFk&lkFk dsaæ }kjk fuèkkZfjr vuqHko vkSj ds jktLo dk dsoy 0.1% gS] tcfd mÙkj çns'k esa ;g
;ksX;rk j[kus okys vU; lnL; 'kkfey gksrs gSaA vè;{k vkSj vk¡dM+k lHkh jkT;ksa esa lcls vfèkd] 2.5% gSA vr% dFku
vU; lnL;ksa nksuksa dks Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh'k (Chief (3) lgh ugha gSA
Justice of India-CJI) }kjk ukfer fd;k tk,xkA vr% dFku 39. (a)
(1) lgh ugha gSA
SCLSC esa ,d vè;{k rFkk CJI }kjk ukfer ukS lnL; O;k[;k% dsaæ ljdkj us vuqlwfpr tkfr ds fiNM+s leqnk;ksa ds chp
'kkfey gksrs gSaA lfefr CJI ds ijke'kZ ls dsaæ }kjk fuèkkZfjr ljdkjh ykHkksa ds leku forj.k ds fy;s dSfcusV lfpo ds
vfèkdkfj;ksa rFkk vU; deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr dj ldrh vèkhu lfpoksa dh ,d lfefr xfBr dh gSA
gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA lfefr esa ik¡p lnL; gksaxs vkSj ;g yacs le; ls misf{kr
lfefr] CJI ds ijke'kZ ls dsaæ }kjk fuèkkZfjr vfèkdkfj;ksa jgs lewgksa dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ,oa igyksa rd igq¡p ij
vkSj vU; deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr dj ldrh gSA è;ku dsafær djsxh] u fd vkj{k.k ;k jks”kxkj ,oa 'kS{kf.kd
laLFkkuksa esa dksVk mi&foHkktu lacaèkh fo"k;ksa ijA
vuqPNsn 39A esa dgk x;k gS fd jkT; ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk
lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh lkr ttksa dh lafoèkku ihB bl lacaèk
fd fofèkd ra=k bl çdkj dke djs fd leku volj ds
vkèkkj ij U;k; lqyHk gks vkSj og] fof'k"Vr;k] ;g lqfuf'pr esa fopkj djsxh fd D;k vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr
djus ds fy;s fd vkfFkZd ;k fdlh vU; fu;kZs"k;rk ds tutkfr ls lacafèkr leqnk;ksa dk mi&oxhZdj.k Lohdk;Z gSA
dkj.k dksbZ ukxfjd U;k; çkIr djus ds volj ls oafpr u U;k;ky; vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s oxZ ds lanHkZ esa mi&oxhZdj.k
jg tk,] mi;qDr foèkku ;k Ldhe }kjk ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ij fopkj djsxkA
ls fu'kqYd fofèkd lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk djsxkA vr% dFku bldh vHkh rd dksbZ le; lhek fuèkkZfjr ugha gSA
(3) lgh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA

38. (a) 40. (a)
a (RBI) us gky gh esa foÙkh; o"kZ 2022&23 O;k[;k% gky ds ,d fofu'p; esa] lokZsPp U;k;ky; us Li"V fd;k
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSd
ds fy;s Hkkjr esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkuksa (PRI) dh foÙkh; fLFkfr gS fd vius 'kklh foèkkuksa ds rgr dke djus okys vfèkdj.k]
ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, îapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dh foÙk O;oLFkk* ljdkj dks uhfr fuekZ.k gsrq funZs'k ugha ns ldrs gSaA
'kh"kZd ls fjiksVZ tkjh dh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA blesa 'kfDr;ksa ds i`FkDdj.k ij ”kksj fn;k x;k] ftlesa dgk
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] iapk;rsa vius jktLo dk dsoy 1% djksa x;k fd uhfr&fuekZ.k U;k;ikfydk ds {ks=k ls ckgj gS] ftlesa
ds ekè;e ls vftZr djrh gSaA vfèkdj.k tSls v¼Z&U;kf;d fudk; Hkh 'kkfey gSaA vr%
foÙkh; o"kZ 2022&23 esa] iapk;rksa us dqy 35,354 djksM+ dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
#i, dk jktLo n”kZ fd;kA blesa ls dsoy 737 djksM+ #i, lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 323A vkSj 323B tks laln rFkk jkT;
muds vius dj jktLo ls mRiUu gq,A foèkkueaMy dks fofHkUu çÑfr ds vfèkdj.kksa dk xBu djus
iapk;rsa is'ks vkSj O;kikj ij dj] Hkwfe jktLo] LVkEi vkSj dk vfèkdkj nsrs gSa] bUgsa o"kZ 1976 esa 42osa lafoèkku la'kksèku
iathdj.k 'kqYd] laifÙk ij dj ,oa lsok dj ds ekè;e ls }kjk lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku (1)
foÙk vftZr djrh gSaA lgh gSA
laln us 2007 dk l'kL=k cy U;k;kfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e ikfjr Â bls ,dk'e iRFkj dks rjk'kdj cuk;k x;k gS rFkk blds
fd;k] ftlus AFT dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj blds çkoèkku 'kh"kZ ij èkEe pØ lq'kksfHkr gSSA
1950 ds lsuk vfèkfu;e] 1957 ds ukSlsuk vfèkfu;e vkSj viuk;k x;k çrhd%
1950 ds ok;q lsuk vfèkfu;e ds vè;èkhu lHkh O;fDr;ksa
Â 26 tuojh] 1950 dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk viuk, x, jk"Vªh;
ij ykxw gksrs gSaA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA çrhd esa] dsoy rhu flag fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] pkSFkk lkeus ls
U;kf;d lnL; mPp U;k;ky; ds lsokfuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh'k gksrs n`';eku ugha gSA
gSa vkSj ç'kklfud lnL; l'kL=k cyksa ds lsokfuo`Ùk lnL;
Â vcsdl ds dsaæ esa ifg;k mHkjs gq, :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk
gksrs gSa] ftUgksaus rhu o"kZ ;k mlls vfèkd dh vofèk ds
fy;s estj tujy@led{k ;k mlls Åij dk in èkkj.k fd;k gS] ftlds nkfguh vksj ,d cSy vkSj ckb± vksj ,d ?kksM+k
gS] tt ,MoksdsV tujy (JAG)] tks de ls de ,d o"kZ gS ,oa lcls nkb± vksj rFkk ckb± vksj vU; ifg;ksa dh
rd vius in ij jgk gS] ç'kklfud lnL; ds :i esa fu;qDr :ijs[kk gSA
gksus ds Hkh vgZrk j[krk gSA ?kaVh ds vkdkj dk dey foyksfir dj fn;k x;k gSA
41. (b) vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

43. (c)
O;k[;k% 42ok¡ lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1976% blus u, funZs'k
tksM+dj lafoèkku ds Hkkx&IV esa dqN cnyko is'k fd;s% O;k[;k% tu x.k eu] Hkkjr dh ,dhÑr laLÑfr dk çrhd gS ftldh
Â vuqPNsn 39(f)% ckydksa dks Lora=k vkSj xfjeke; okrkoj.k jpuk ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk johaæukFk VSxksj }kjk dh xbZ Fkh
esa LoLFk fodkl ds volj miyCèk djkukA ,oa dkWUxzsl }kjk bldk foekspu 27 fnlacj] 1911 dks Hkkjrh;
Â vuqPNsn 39A% xjhcksa dks fu%'kqYd fofèkd lgk;rk çnku jk"Vªh; dkWUxzsl (INC) ds dydÙkk l=k ds nkSjku gqvk FkkA
djukA bls igyh ckj VSxksj dh Hkrhth] ljyk nsoh pkSèkqjkuh }kjk
Â vuqPNsn 43A% m|ksxksa ds çcaèku esa Jfedksa dh HkkxhnkjhA çLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk dqN vU; Ldwyh Nk=kksa us rRdkyhu
Â vuqPNsn 48A% i;kZoj.k dh j{kk vkSj lqèkkj djuk rFkk jk"Vªifr fc'ku ukjk;.k èkj] vafcdk pj.k e”kwenkj vkSj Hkwisaæ
ouksa ,oa oU; thoksa dk laj{k.k djukA ukFk cksl lfgr vU; usrkvksa ds le{k çLrqr fd;k FkkA
Â 44ok¡ lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1978% blus vuqPNsn vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA

38 esa èkkjk&2 dks 'kkfey fd;k tks ;g ?kksf"kr djrh gS 44. (d)
fd_ ¶jkT; fo'ks"k :i ls vk; esa vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa
O;k[;k% jktLFkku dh dbZ ufn;k¡ leqæ esa ugha feyrhA os ued dh
dks de djus vkSj O;fDr;ksa ds chp gh ugha cfYd lewgksa
>hyksa esa feydj jsfxLrku rd lhfer jg tkrh gSa D;ksafd budk
ds chp fLFkfr] lqfoèkkvksa ,oa voljksa esa vlekurkvksa dks
leqæ dh vksj viokg ugha gksrk gSA buds vykok jsfxLrkuh
lekIr djus dk ç;kl djsxk¸A
ufn;k¡ ywuh rFkk vU;] ekNw :isu] ljLorh] cukl rFkk ?kX?kj
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
gSa tks dqN nwjh rd çokfgr gksdj e#LFky esa foyhu gks tkrh gSAa

42. (b)
es?kuk dh eq[;èkkjk cjkd unh dk mn~Hko ef.kiqj dh igkfM;ksa
O;k[;k% Hkkjr dk jktfpÉ (jk"Vªh; çrhd) esa gksrk gSA bldh eq[; lgk;d ufn;k¡ eDdw] =kkax] rqbZobZ]
lkjukFk fLFkr v'kksd ds flag LraHk dh ftjh] lksukbZ] #duh] dkVk[ky] èkus'ojh] yaxkphuh] enqok
vuqÑfr gSA vkSj tfVaxk gSaA cjkd ckaXykns'k esa rc rd cgrh jgrh gS
Â ewy :i esa blesa pkj flag gSa tks tc rd fd HkSjo ck”kkj ds fudV xaxk&czãiq=k unh esa
pkjksa fn'kkvksa dh vksj eq¡g fd;s [kM+s bldk foy; ugha gks tkrkA
gSaA blds uhps ,d xksy vkèkkj gS vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ftl ij gkFkh] ?kksM+k] ,d cSy vkSj

45. (b)
,d flag cus gSa tks nkSM+rh gqbZ eqæk
esa gSA ;s xksykdkj vkèkkj f[kys gq, O;k[;k% çk;}hih; iBkj lkisf{kd :i ls fLFkjrk okyk {ks=k gS tgk¡
mYVs yVds dey ds :i esa gSA dHkh&dHkh Hkwdaih; xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA ;s
vkjafHkd dkyhu dk;karfjr 'kSy gSa] tks yxHkx 380 djksM+ o"kZ foHkkxh; LFkk;h lfefr;k¡%
iqjkuh gSa] bl {ks=k esa ikbZ tkrh gSa_ 'ks"k Hkkx rVh; fo'ks"krkvksa Â lajpuk% yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk nksuksa ds lnL;A (çR;sd
okyh xksaMokuk lajpukvksa ,oa nDdu VªSi dh ykok 'kSyksa rFkk lfefr esa 31 lnL; gksrs gSa& 21 yksdlHkk ls vkSj 10
uohurj ryNV ls vkPNkfnr gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA jkT;lHkk ls)A
nDdu VªSi dk fuekZ.k jh;wfu;u gkWVLikWV ds Åij ls Hkkjrh;
Â dk;Z% ;s lfefr;k¡ ljdkj ds fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa
IysV ds xqtjus vkSj esMkxkLdj ,oa ls'ksYl ls i`Fkd gksus ls lac¼ gSaA
ds nkSjku gqvk FkkA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
Â Hkwfedk% çR;sd ea=kky; dh vuqnkuksa dh foLr`r ekaxksa dh
Hkkjr esa dks;yk eq[; :i ls nkeksnj&dks;y] lksu&egkunh]
tk¡p djuk ,oa ctVh; vkoaVu vkSj O;; dh foLr`r tk¡p
oèkkZ&xksnkojh] ueZnk ,oa lriqM+k csflu ds xksaMokuk {ks=kksa esa
çnku djuk gSA
ik;k tkrk gSA bu dks;yk {ks=kksa esa ik, tkus okyh dkckZsusfl;l
'ksYl vkSj cyqvk iRFkjksa esa ls XykslksIVsfjl ouLifr;ksa ds 47. (a)
fofHkUu çdkj ds ikSèkksa ds thok'e la;kstu çkIr gksrs gSaA O;k[;k% vuqPNsn 343 ;g vuqPNsn Hkkjr la?k dh vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk
vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA ds lacaèk esa çkoèkku djrk gSA bl vuqPNsn ds vuqlkj] fganh
46. (a) nsoukxjh fyfi esa gksuh pkfg;s vkSj vadksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjrh;
vadksa ds varjkZ"Vªh; :i dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA bl
O;k[;k% çkDdyu lfefr% o"kZ 1921 esa xfBr vkSj orZeku esa blds
vuqPNsn esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd lafoèkku dks viuk, tkus
30 lnL; gSaA
ds 'kq#vkrh 15 o"kks± rd vaxzs”kh dk vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk ds :i
Â lajpuk% dsoy yksdlHkk (fupys lnu) ls lnL;A vr%
esa mi;ksx tkjh jgsxkA vr% dFku (1) vkSj (2) lgh ugha gSaA
fodYi (a) lgh gSA
vuqPNsn 346 jkT;ksa vkSj la?k ,oa jkT; ds chp lapkj gsrq
Â dk;Z% ctV esa 'kkfey vuqekuksa dh tk¡p djrh gS vkSj
vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk ds fo"k; esa çcaèk djrk gSA vuqPNsn ds
lkoZtfud O;; esa ferO;f;rk lacaèkh ijke'kZ nsrh gSA vuqlkj] mDr dk;Z ds fy;s ¶vfèkÑr¸ Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx
Â Hkwfedk% bldk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd ljdkjh fd;k tk,xkA gkyk¡fd ;fn nks ;k nks ls vfèkd jkT; lger
O;; laln }kjk fuèkkZfjr uhfr;ksa vkSj mís';ksa ds vuq:i gksA gSa fd muds eè; lapkj dh Hkk"kk fganh gksxh] rks vkfèkdkfjd
yksd ys[kk lfefr (PAC)% Hkk"kk ds :i esa fganh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Â lajpuk% yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk nksuksa ds lnL;A (22 vuqPNsn 347% fdlh jkT; dh tula[;k ds fdlh Hkkx }kjk
lnL;] 15 yksdlHkk ls vkSj jkT;lHkk ls) cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk ds lacaèk esa fo'ks"k micaèkA ;g vuqPNsn
Â dk;Z% laln ds le{k j[ks tkus ds ckn fu;a=kd ,oa jk"Vªifr dks fdlh jkT; dh vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk ds :i esa
egkys[kk ijh{kd (CAG) dh vkWfMV fjiksVZ dh tk¡p ,d Hkk"kk dks pquus dh 'kfDr çnku djrk gS] ;fn fdlh
djrk gSA jkT; dh tula[;k dk i;kZIr Hkkx ;g pkgrk gS fd mlds
Â Hkwfedk% ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gS fd ljdkjh O;; laln }kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk dks jkT; }kjk ekU;rk nh tk,
}kjk vuqeksfnr fofu;ksxksa ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,A rks og funs'k ns ldrk gS fd ,slh Hkk"kk dks Hkh ml jkT;
lkoZtfud miØeksa ij lfefr%
esa loZ=k ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx esa ,sls ç;kstu ds fy;s] tks
Â lajpuk% yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk nksuksa ds lnL;A (dqy
og fofufnZ"V djs] 'kkldh; ekU;rk nh tk,A vr% dFku
(3) lgh gSA
22 lnL;] 15 yksdlHkk ls o 7 jkT;lHkk ls)
Â dk;Z% lkoZtfud miØeksa dh fjiksVks± ,oa [kkrksa dh tk¡p 48. (b)
djuk] muds dq'ky dkedkt dks lqfuf'pr djukA O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; rVj{kd cy (ICG) dh LFkkiuk vxLr 1978 esa
Â Hkwfedk% ljdkjh LokfeRo okyh daifu;ksa vkSj fuxeksa ds rVj{kd vfèkfu;e] 1978 }kjk Hkkjr ds ,d Lora=k l'kL=k
dkedkt esa tokcnsgh ,oa ikjnf'kZrk lqfuf'pr djukA cy ds :i esa dh xbZ FkhA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
Â rLdjh dks jksduk% ICG ds çkFkfed dÙkZO;ksa esa ls ,d Â rsy unh% rsy Hkh bldh ,d lgk;d unh gS tks eè;
leqæh ekxks± ds ekè;e ls rLdjh dks jksduk gSA vr% çns'k ds fNanokM+k f”kys ls fudyrh gSA ;g vksfM'kk esa
dFku (2) lgh gSA egkunh esa feyus ls iwoZ NÙkhlx<+ ls gksdj çokfgr gksrh gSA
Â lfUufgr {ks=k ,oa fof'k"V vkfFkZd {ks=k (EEZ) lfgr Hkkjr Â bc unh% bc unh egkunh dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ lgk;d
ds {ks=kh; ty ij bldk vfèkdkj {ks=k gSA unh gS] tks vksfM'kk ds if'peh Hkkx ls gksdj çokfgr
Â ;g leqæh {ks=kksa esa leqæh i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gksrh gSA ;g lksuiqj ds fudV egkunh esa fey tkrh gSA
gS vkSj Hkkjrh; ty esa rsy fjlko lacaèkh ?kVukvksa dh Â iw.kkZ unh% ;g xksnkojh unh dh ,d lgk;d unh gSA
vuqfØ;k ds fy;s lefUor çkfèkdj.k gSA vr% dFku (3) vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
lgh gSA

50. (c)
49. (d)
O;k[;k% olriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk eè; Hkkjr esa iwoZ ls if'pe rd
O;k[;k% egkunh ç.kkyh vksfM'kk jkT; dh lcls cM+h unh vkSj foLr`r gS vkSj ipe<+h thoeaMy fup; okLro esa lriqM+k ioZr
çk;}hih; Hkkjr dh rhljh lcls cM+h (xksnkojh vkSj Ñ".kk kÜ [a` kyk ds eè; Hkkx esa fLFkr gSA ;g thoeaMy viuh tSofofoèkrk
unh ds ckn) unh gSA ;gk¡ egkunh dh dqN egÙoiw.kZ lgk;d ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gS tks fd O;kid foLr`r lriqM+k ioZr
ufn;k¡ gSa% Ükà[kyk dk ,d fgLlk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
Â f'koukFk unh% bls f'koukFk unh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk Â èkwix<+ okLro esa lriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk dh lcls Å¡ph
tkrk gS] ;g egkunh dh çeq[k lgk;d ufn;ksa esa ls ,d pksVh gSA ;g Hkkjr ds eè; çns'k ds ipe<+h {ks=k esa fLFkr
gSA ;g NÙkhlx<+ ls fudyrh gS ,oa egkunh esa feyus ls gSA èkwix<+ dh leqæ ry ls Å¡pkbZ yxHkx 1,350 ehVj
iwoZ jkT; ls gksdj çokfgr gksrh gSA (4,429 iQhV) gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
Â glnso unh% NÙkhlx<+ ds eè; Hkkx ls fudyus okyh
Â lriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk viuh le`¼ tSofofoèkrk ds fy;s
glnso unh egkunh dh ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ lgk;d unh çfl¼ gS ,oa ;g ouLifr;ksa vkSj thoksa dh fofHkUu çtkfr;ksa
gSA ;g fcykliqj ds fudV egkunh esa fey tkrh gSA dk i;kZokl gSA bafM;u tk;aV fxygjh vkSj LykWFk Hkkyw
Â vksax unh% vksax egkunh dh ,d lgk;d unh gS tks ipe<+h thoeaMy fup; lfgr lriqM+k ioZr Ükà[kyk ds
NÙkhlx<+ ds jk;x<+ f”kys ls gksdj çokfgr gksrh gSA ;g ouksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofHkUu oU;tho çtkfr;ksa esa ls
varr% egkunh esa foyhu gks tkrh gSA gSaA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
51. (c)
O;k[;k% ukxfjdksa dks muds njok”ks ij U;k; rd igq¡p çnku djus

ds fy;s] dsaæ ljdkj us xzke U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e] 2008 ykxw
fd;k gSA ;g eè;orhZ iapk;r Lrj ij xzke U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk
dk çkoèkku djrk gSA
jkT; ljdkjsa lacafèkr mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds ijke'kZ ls xzke
U;k;ky; LFkkfir djus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSaA jkT; ljdkj@
mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk miyCèk djkbZ xbZ tkudkjh ds vuqlkj]
vc rd 15 jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa }kjk 476 xzke U;k;ky;
vfèklwfpr fd;s x, gSaA buesa ls 257 orZeku esa 10 jkT;ksa
esa dk;Zjr gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
xzke U;k;ky; dks xzke Lrj ij NksVs&eksVs fooknksa dks fuiVkus
Â tksad unh% tksad egkunh dh ,d NksVh lgk;d unh gS] ds fy;s ukxfjd vkSj vkijkfèkd nksuksa {ks=kkfèkdkj ds lkFk
tks NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ls fudyrh gSA ;g vksfM'kk ds lacyiqj çFke Js.kh ds U;kf;d eftLVªsV dk U;k;ky; ekuk tkrk gSA
f”kys esa egkunh esa feyrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21] iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 15
52. (b) yksd çfrfufèkRo (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2010, vxLr 2010
esa] yksd çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] 1950 esa la'kksèku djus ds
O;k[;k% fganw fookg vfèkfu;e] 1955 ykxw gksrk gS% fy;s% çkoèkku djsa fd Hkkjr dk çR;sd ukxfjd] ftldk
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks] tks fdlh Hkh :i ;k fodkl esa èkeZ
uke ernkrk lwph esa 'kkfey ugha gS vkSj ftlus fdlh vU;
ls fganw gS] ftlesa ohj'kSo] fyaxk;r ;k czã] çkFkZuk ;k vk;Z
ns'k dh ukxfjdrk izkIr ugha dh gS vkSj tks vius jks”kxkj]
lekt dk vuq;k;h Hkh 'kkfey gS
f'k{kk ;k vU;Fkk Hkkjr ds ckgj ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa vius
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks tks èkeZ ls ckS¼] tSu ;k fl[k gS] vkSj
lkekU; fuokl LFkku ls vuqifLFkr gSA (pkgs vLFkk;h :i
bl vfèkfu;e ds varxZr vkus okys {ks=kksa ds fdlh Hkh vU;
ls ;k LFkk;h :i ls)] ml fuokZpu {ks=k esa ernkrk lwph esa
fuoklh dks] tks bLyke] bZlkbZ èkeZ] ikjlh ;k ;gwnh èkeZ dk viuk uke iathÑr djkus dk gdnkj gksxk ftlesa mlds
ikyu ugha djrk gS] tc rd fd ;g lkfcr u gks tk, fd ikliksVZ esa mfYyf[kr Hkkjr esa mldk fuokl LFkku fLFkr gSA
;fn ;g vfèkfu;e ikfjr ugha gqvk gksrk rks ,slk dksbZ Hkh vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
O;fDr ;gk¡ ppkZ fd;s x, fdlh Hkh ekeys ds lacaèk esa fganw
dkuwu ;k ml dkuwu ds fgLls ds :i esa fdlh Hkh jhfr&fjok”k 54. (b)
;k çFkk }kjk 'kkflr ugha gksrkA O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh lesfdr fufèk esa jktLo 'kkfey gksrk gS] tks ljdkj
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA dks djksa vkSj mèkkj vkSj ½.k ds :i esa fd;s x, [kpks± ds

53. (b) ekè;e ls çkIr gksrs gSaA vkdfLed fufèk ;k lkoZtfud fufèk
}kjk fd;s x, dqN O;; dks NksM+dj lHkh ljdkjh O;; lesfdr
O;k[;k% lalnh; vkSj foèkkulHkk fuokZpu {ks=kksa esa fuokZpu djkus ds
fufèk ls iwjs fd;s tkrs gSaA Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk lafoèkku ds
fy;s ECI }kjk mi;ksx dh tkus okyh bysDVªkWfud oksfVax e'khusa
vuqPNsn 266 ds rgr fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ FkhA
(EVMs) vkSj oksVj osfjfiQ,cy isij vkWfMV Vªsy (VVPAT)
djksa] ifjlaifÙk fcØh] jkT;&lapkfyr daifu;ksa ls dekbZ vkfn
nks lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeks]a vFkkZr~ Hkkjr bysDVªkfW uDl fyfeVsM
ls mRiUu lHkh ljdkjh jktLo Hkkjr ds lesfdr fufèk esa
,oa bysDVªkWfuDl dkWikZsjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM }kjk fufeZr
dh tkrh gSaA ,df=kr gksrs gSaA fufèk dks èku feyrk gS%
Â çR;{k djksa tSls vk;dj] O;olk; dj vkfn ls vftZr
EVMs dk ç;ksx ik;yV vkèkkj ij igyh ckj o"kZ 1982
esa dsjy ds 70&ik#j foèkkulHkk fuokZpu {ks=k esa fd;k x;k jktLo ls
FkkA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA Â oLrq ,oa lsokdj (GST) tSls vçR;{k djksa ls vftZr
fuokZpuksa dk lapkyu fu;e] 1961 esa la'kksèku fd;k x;k] jktLo ls

ftlls Hkkjr fuokZpu vk;ksx dks EVMs ds lkFk VVPAT Â lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØe (PSUs) ls çkIr ykHkka'k vkSj
dk mi;ksx djus esa l{ke cuk;k tk ldsA VVPAT dk ykHk ls
mi;ksx igyh ckj o"kZ 2013 esa ukxkySMa ds uksDlsu foèkkulHkk Â ljdkj dh lkekU; lsokvksa ds ekè;e ls vftZr èku ls
fuokZpu {ks=k ds mipquko esa fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku Â fofuos'k çkfIr;ksa ls
(2) lgh gSA
Â ½.k vnk;xh ls
yksd çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] 1950 dh èkkjk 19 esa çkoèkku
Â ½.k dh olwyh ls
gS] fd çR;sd O;fDr tks vgZrk frfFk ij 18 o"kZ ls de
vk;q dk ugha gS vkSj vkerkSj ij fuokZpu {ks=k dk fuoklh Â è;ku j[ksa fd ljdkj laln dh e”kwjh ds fcuk Hkkjr dh
gS] ml fuokZpu {ks=k ds fy;s ernkrk lwph esa iathÑr gksus lafpr fufèk ls èku O;; ugha dj ldrhA
dk gdnkj gksxkA Â xSj&ernku;ksX; 'kqYd os gSa] tks lesfdr fufèk ;k vkjksfir
mDr vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 20 esa ¶lkekU;r% fuoklh¸ dk O;; ij yxk, tkrs gSaA Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls bu [kpks±
vFkZ fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls cM+h la[;k dks gVkuk ernku ds vèkhu ugha gSA pkgs ctV LohÑr
esa Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ns'k ls ckgj jgrs gSaA os yxkrkj mUgsa gks ;k u gks] bu O;;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA vr%
ernku dk vfèkdkj nsus dh ekax dj jgs gSaA fodYi (b) lgh gSA
bl Js.kh ds varxZr vkus okys [kpks± esa osru vkSj HkÙks 'kkfey gS%a ;g ik¡p çeq[k varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuksa ds fy;s foÙkh; lgk;rk
Â jk"Vªifr çnku djrk gS%
Â edZjh ij feukekrk vfHkle; (o"kZ 2013 esa gLrk{kfjr
Â Lihdj
vkSj o"kZ 2017 esa ykxw gqvk)A
Â yksdlHkk ds mikè;{k
Â LFkk;h dkcZfud çnw"kdksa (POPs) ij LVkWdgkse vfHkle;
Â jkT; lHkk ds lHkkifr vkSj milHkkifr
(o"kZ 2001 esa viuk;k x;k vkSj o"kZ 2004 esa ykxw gqvk)A
Â mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa ds osru vkSj HkÙks
Â tSofofoèkrk ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCBD) (o"kZ
Â mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh 1993 esa ykxw gqvk)A
isa'ku Â la;qDr jk"Vª e#LFkyhdj.k jksdFkke vfHkle; (UNCCD)
55. (a) (o"kZ 1994 esa viuk;k x;k)A

Â tyok;q ifjorZu ij la;qDr jk"Vª ÚseodZ vfHkle;
O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh vkdfLedrk fufèk% bl fufèk dks Hkkjr ds (UNFCCC) (o"kZ 1992 esa gLrk{kfjr vkSj o"kZ 1994
lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 267 ds rgr ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir fd;k esa ykxw gqvk)A vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
x;k gSA ;g fufèk jk"Vªifr ds vèkhu gSA bl fufèk ls fd;s x, Â Hkkjr lfgr blds 184 lnL; ns'k gSaA
fdlh Hkh O;; ds fy;s laln ls vuqeksnu dh vko';drk gksrh
Â bldk lfpoky; okf'kaxVu] Mh-lh- esa fLFkr gSA
gS vkSj fudkyh xbZ jkf'k lesfdr fufèk ls vkdfLedrk fufèk
Â ;g fo'o cSad GEF VªLVh ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS] tks
esa okil tek dj nh tkrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gS]
GEF VªLV iQaM (nkunkrkvksa }kjk ;ksxnku) dk çcaèku
vkSj dFku (3) lgh gSA djrk gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
lkoZtfud [kkrk% bl fufèk dks lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 266(2)
58. (a)
ds rgr LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA ;g mu ysunsu dk ys[kk&tks[kk
j[krk gS] tgk¡ ljdkj dsoy ,d cSadj ds :i esa dk;Z dj O;k[;k% Hkkjr vius dj ç'kklu esa rduhdh Kku vkSj dkS'ky
jgh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA LFkkukarfjr djds ,oa ^VSDl baLisDVlZ fonkmV ckWMZlZ (TIWB)
dk;ZØe* ds rgr lokZsÙke çFkkvksa dks lk>k djds ^lsaV ywfl;k*
56. (b)
dks vius dj ç'kklu dks e”kcwr djus esa enn djsxkA
O;k[;k% varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl dks"k (IFAD) ,d varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; VSDl baLisDVlZ fonkmV ckWMZlZ (TIWB)] la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl
laLFkku vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| ,oa Ñf"k dsaæ jkse esa fLFkr dk;ZØe (UNDP) vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu
fo'ks"k la;qDr jk"Vª ,tsalh gSA o"kZ 1978 ls] blus vuqnku vkSj (OECD) dh ,d la;qDr igy gS] tgk¡ Hkkxhnkj ç'kklu
de C;kt okys ½.k esa 23.2 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj çnku rduhdh] dkS'ky] tkudkjh rFkk vius dj ys[kk ijh{kdksa
fd;s gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh gS vkSj dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA ds lkFk lokZsÙke ys[kkijh{kk çFkk,¡ lk>k djds ns'kksa dh enn
djrk gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
IFAD ogk¡ dke djrk gS] tgk¡ xjhch vkSj Hkq[kejh vR;fèkd
Hkkjr dks Hkkxhnkj ç'kklu ds :i esa pquk x;k gS vkSj og
gSa% fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds lcls nwjnjk”k ds {ks=kksa vkSj
bl dk;ZØe ds fy;s dj fo'ks"kK miyCèk djk,xkA ;g
laosnu'khy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa tgk¡ dqN fodkl ,tsafl;k¡ m|e
dk;ZØe lkrok¡ TIWB dk;ZØe gS] ftls Hkkjr us dj
djrh gSaA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA fo'ks"kKrk çnku djds leFkZu fn;k gSA Hkkjr blls igys
57. (c) HkwVku vkSj ls'ksYl tSls ns'kksa dh lgk;rk dj pqdk gSA
O;k[;k% oSf'od i;kZoj.k lqfoèkk (GEF) dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1992 ds 59. (b)
fj;ks i`Foh f'k[kj lEesyu dh iwoZ laè;k ij dh xbZ FkhA O;k[;k% vkfFkZd loZs{k.k 2022&23 esa dgk x;k gS fd tyok;q
;g ,d fufèk gS] tks tSofofoèkrk dh gkfu] tyok;q ifjorZu] ifjorZu dh pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn 2021&22 esa Hkkjr dk [kk|kUu
çnw"k.k vkSj Hkwfe ,oa egklkxjksa ds LokLF; ij ruko dk mRiknu fjdkWMZ 315.7 fefy;u Vu rd igq¡p x;kA vr% dFku
eqdkcyk djus ds fy;s lefiZr gSA (1) lgh ugha gSA
la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk us ekpZ 2021 ds nkSjku vius 75osa l=k 60. (a)
esa o"kZ 2023 dks varjkZ"Vªh; dnUu o"kZ (IYM) ?kksf"kr fd;kA
O;k[;k% lkaln LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl (MPLAD) ;kstuk o"kZ 1993
Hkkjr 50.9 fefy;u Vu ls vfèkd (pkSFks vfxze vuqeku esa laln lnL;ksa (lkalnksa) dks LFkkuh; Lrj ij eglwl dh xbZ
ds vuqlkj) dnUu dk mRiknu djrk gS] tks ,f'k;k dk 80 vko';drk ds vkèkkj ij èkkj.kh; lkeqnkf;d laifÙk;ksa ds
çfr'kr vkSj oSf'od mRiknu dk 20 çfr'kr gSA vr% dFku fuekZ.k ij è;ku nsus ds lkFk vius fuokZpu {ks=kksa esa fodkl
(2) lgh ugha gSA dk;ks± dh fliQkfj'k djus esa l{ke cukus ds fy;s rS;kj dh xbZ FkhA
uhfr vk;ksx us vfHkuo Hkkjr ds fy;s dk;Zuhfr i;kZIr vkSj is;ty] çkFkfed f'k{kk] lkoZtfud LokLF;] LoPNrk vkSj
dq'ky dksYM psu cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh deh dks ,d egÙoiw.kZ lM+dsa nh?kZdkfyd laifÙk;ksa ds mnkgj.k gSa] tks jk"Vªh;
vkiwfrZ&i{k ckèkk ds :i esa igpkurh gS] ftlls iQly ds çkFkfedrkvksa vkSj lkeqnkf;d ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djrh gSaA
vkjaHk esa] ;g ;kstuk xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj ;kstuk ea=kky; ds
ckn cM+s iSekus ij uqdlku gksrk gS (”;knkrj [kjkc gksus
fu;a=k.k esa FkhA vDrwcj 1994 esa] ;kstuk dks lkaf[;dh vkSj
okyh oLrqvksa dk) tks lkykuk vuqekfur :i ls `92,561
dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; (Ministry of Statistics &
djksM+ gSA blls fuiVus vkSj Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k dh fodkl Programme Implementation) dks LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k
{kerk dks vuykWd djus ds fy;s] ljdkj us Ñf"k volajpuk x;k FkkA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
dks"k (AIF) dh 'kq#vkr dhA ;g iQly dVkbZ ds ckn bl ;kstuk ds rgr gj lkaln lkykuk 5 djksM+ #i, [kpZ
çcaèku ds cqfu;knh <k¡ps vkSj lkeqnkf;d Ñf"k ifjlaifÙk;ksa djus ds fy;s vfèkÑr gksrk gSA
ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s o"kZ 2020&21 ls o"kZ 2032&33 rd MLALADS ds leku] dbZ jkT;ksa us foèkkulHkk lnL;
fØ;kfUor okyh ,d foÙkiks"k.k lqfoèkk gS] ftlesa 3 çfr'kr LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstuk (MLALADS) uked ;kstuk,¡
C;kt NwV vkSj ØsfMV xkjaVh leFkZu lfgr ykHk lfEefyr ykxw dh gSa] tgk¡ foèkk;dksa dks èku fn;k tkrk gSA
gSaA vr% dFku (4) lgh gSA twu 2016 esa lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; }kjk
ekpZ 2022 esa 'kq: gqbZ] [kk| çlaLdj.k m|ksx ds fy;s çdkf'kr ^laln lnL; LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstuk (MPLAD)
ij fn'kkfunZ's k* ds vuqlkj] MPLAD fufèk dk mi;ksx LoPN
mRiknu ls lac¼ çksRlkgu ;kstuk (PLISFPI) esa fo'ks"k :i
Hkkjr vfHk;ku] lqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku] o"kkZ ty lap;u ds
ls oSf'od [kk| pSafi;u ds fuekZ.k esa] fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr ekè;e ls ty laj{k.k vkSj lkaln vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk] vkfn
djus ds fy;s fM”kkbu dh xbZ gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA tSlh ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
61. (a)
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ (ISFR) 2021 ds vuqlkj] ns'k esa dqy eSaxzkso ouksa dk vkoj.k 4992 oxZ fdeh- gSA
Â o"kZ 2019 ds fiNys vkdyu dh rqyuk
esa eSaxzkso doj esa 17 oxZ fdeh- dh o`f¼

ns[kh xbZ gSA
Â eSaxzkso vkoj.k esa o`f¼ n'kkZus okys 'kh"kZ
rhu jkT; vksfM'kk (8 oxZ fdeh-) gS]a blds

ckn egkjk"Vª (4 oxZ fdeh-) vkSj dukZVd
(3 oxZ fdeh-) gSaA
if'pe caxky] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj rFkk
vksfM'kk gh ,sls rhu jkT;@dsaæ'kkflr çns'k gSa]
tgk¡ cgqr ?kus eSaxzkso ouksa ds varxZr egÙoiw.kZ
{ks=k gSa] tSlk fd rkfydk esa mYysf[kr gSA
62. (b) Mkd?kj }kjk nh tkus okyh foÙkh; lsok esa fuEufyf[kr
'kkfey gSa%
O;k[;k% ¶çkstsDV Vkbxj¸ 50 lky igys vçSy 1973 esa ¶oSKkfud]
Â Mkd?kj cpr ;kstuk,¡% buesa cpr [kkrk] 5&o"khZ; vkorhZ
vkfFkZd] lkSan;Z] lkaLÑfrd vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ewY;ksa ds fy;s
tek [kkrk] le; tek [kkrk] ekfld vk; ;kstuk [kkrk]
Hkkjr esa ck?kksa dh O;ogk;Z vkcknh ds j[kj[kko dks lqfuf'pr
lkoZtfud Hkfo"; fufèk (PPF) [kkrk] jk"Vªh; cpr
djus ,oa tSfod egÙo ds {ks=kksa dks gj le; lajf{kr djus]
çek.ki=k (NSC)] ofj"B ukxfjd cpr ;kstuk (SCSS)]
yksxksa ds ykHk] f'k{kk o vkuan ds fy;s ,d jk"Vªh; fojklr ds lqdU;k le`f¼ [kkrs vkSj fdlku fodkl i=k (KVP) [kkrk
:i esa LFkkfir djus¸ ds mís'; ls ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA 'kkfey gSaA
Vkbxj VkLd iQkslZ dh fliQkfj'kksa ds ckn o"kZ 2005 esa jk"Vªh;
èku çs"k.k lsok,¡% buesa euh vkWMZj] rRdky euh vkWMZj]
ck?k laj{k.k çkfèkdj.k (NTCA) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA
varjkZ"Vªh; euh VªkaliQj] euh xzke & euh VªkaliQj] bysDVªkWfud
;g Hkkjr esa ck?k laj{k.k ds fy;s vfèkd O;kid n`f"Vdks.k
Dyh;jsal lsok] IFS euh vkWMZj] eksckby euh VªkaliQj
ij dke dj jgk gSA
'kkfey gSaA
;g i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; ds rgr
blds vykok] ;s Hkh 'kkfey gS%
,d oSèkkfud fudk; gSA çkfèkdj.k dks viuh 'kfDr oU;
Â E;wpqvy iQaM~l
tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e (WLPA)] 1972 dh èkkjk 38 O
Â fons'kh eqæk lsok,¡
(1) ls çkIr gksrh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
Â Mkd thou chek (PLI)
o"kZ 2006 ls gj pkj o"kZ esa] Hkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; ck?k
Â bafM;k iksLV isesaV~l cSad
laj{k.k çkfèkdj.k (NTCA) vkSj Hkkjrh; oU;tho laLFkku
(WII) & jkT; ou foHkkxksa vkSj laj{k.k xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa Â tulqj{kk ;kstuk
ds lkFk feydj & ns'k dh vkcknh ,oa ck?kksa (isaFksjk Vkbfxzl) Â Mkd?kj cpr cSad ns'k dh lcls iqjkuh vkSj vc rd dh
ds vkokl dk jk"VªO;kih ewY;kadu djrs gSaA vr% dFku lcls cM+h cSafdax ç.kkyh gS] tks 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k nksuksa
(2) lgh gSA xzkgdksa dh fuos'k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrh gSA
çkstsDV Vkbxj] ,d dsaæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk (CSS-PT)] nks Â ;s lsok,¡ Hkkjr ljdkj ds foÙk ea=kky; ds fy;s ,d ,tsalh
çeq[k Jsf.k;ksa ^xSj&vkorhZ* vkSj ^vkorhZ* xfrfofèk;k¡ esa ck?k lsok ds :i esa is'k dh tkrh gSaA
vHk;kj.;ksa dks foÙk lgk;rk çnku djrh gSA vr% dFku Â 1,55,000 ls vfèkd Mkd?kjksa ds lkFk] DoP ds ikl
(3) lgh ugha gSA nqfu;k esa lcls O;kid :i ls forfjr Mkd usVodZ gSA
63. (d) vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA

64. (a)
O;k[;k% 150 ls vfèkd o"kks± ls] Mkd foHkkx (Department of
Posts-DoP) ns'k ds lapkj dh jh<+ jgk gS vkSj blus dbZ O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo loZs{k.k (ASI) dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1861 esa
rjhdksa ls Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds thou esa enn dh gS% esy ASI ds igys egkfuns'kd vysD”ksaMj dfua?ke us dh FkhA vr%
forfjr djuk] y?kq cpr ;kstukvksa ds rgr tek Lohdkj djuk] dFku (1) lgh gSA
Mkd thou ds rgr thou chek doj chek (PLI) vkSj xzkeh.k vysD”ksaMj dfua?ke dks ¶Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo ds tud¸ ds :i
Mkd thou chek (RPLI) ,oa fcy laxzg] iQkWeZ dh fcØh esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
vkfn tSlh vko';d lsok,¡ çnku djukA ASI ds u, eq[;ky; Hkou] èkjksgj Hkou dk mn~?kkVu o"kZ
DoP ukxfjdksa ds fy;s vU; lsokvksa tSls egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; 2018 esa ubZ fnYyh esa fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku (2) lgh
xzkeh.k jks”kxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk (MGNREGS) osru forj.k ugha gSA
vkSj o`¼koLFkk isa'ku Hkqxrku ds fuoZgu esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds ifjogu] i;ZVu ,oa laLÑfr ij foHkkx&lacafèkr lalnh;
,tsaV ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrk gSA LFkk;h lfefr }kjk ^Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo loZs{k.k ds dkedkt ij
rhu lkS mulBoha fjiksV* esa ik;k x;k gS] fd ASI&lajf{kr ;g ,sfrgkfld ;k=kk Matsya 6000 ;ku }kjk iwjh dh tk,xh]
LFkyksa dh lwph esa cM+h la[;k esa ¶NksVs Lekjd¸ 'kkfey gSa tks ,d xgjs egklkxj esa pyus okyh iuMqCch gS] ftls rhu
vkSj fliQkfj'k dh xbZ gS] fd mUgsa muds jk"Vªh; egÙo ,oa lnL;ksa ds pkyd ny dks lek;ksftr djus ds fy;s fM”kkbu
vf}rh; okLrqdyk o fojklr ewY; ds vkèkkj ij ¶rdZlaxr fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gS vkSj dFku (2)
vkèkkj ij oxhZÑr¸ fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA lgh ugha gSA
orZeku esa] ,d Lekjd de ls de 100 o"kZ iqjkuk gksuk bldk fuekZ.k VkbVsfu;e feJ èkkrq ls fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;ku
pkfg;sA oSls rks Hkkjr esa çkphu Lekjdksa dk [ktkuk gS] ysfdu dks 6,000 ckj rd ds nkc dks >syus ds fy;s fufeZr fd;k
”;knkrj 100 o"kZ iqjkus Lekjd fczfV'k ds le; ds gSaA vr% x;k gSA
dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA ikWyhesVsfyd uksMÔwy vkSj lYiQkbM tSls ewY;oku lalkèkuksa
çkphu Lekjd rFkk iqjkrRoh; LFky vkSj vo'ks"k] (AMASR) dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k 6,000 ehVj dh xgjkbZ dks yf{kr
vfèkfu;e dqN 'krks± dks NksM+dj] lajf{kr Lekjdksa ds vklikl djus dk fu.kZ; j.kuhfrd egÙo j[krk gSA vko';d èkkrqvksa
100 ehVj rd fuekZ.k ij çfrcaèk yxkrk gSA ls ;qDr ;s lalkèku 3,000 ls 5,500 ehVj dh xgjkbZ ds
fuf"k¼ {ks=k ls ijs 200 ehVj ds nk;js rd ds {ks=k dks chp ik, tkrs gSaA
fofu;fer {ks=k ds :i esa lhekafdr fd;k x;k gSA ns'k Hkj 66. (d)
ds lHkh lajf{kr Lekjdksa ds ekeys esa bu fuf"k¼ vkSj
fofu;fer {ks=kksa esa vkerkSj ij fdlh Hkh fuekZ.k dk;Z ;k O;k[;k% i`Foh foKku (i`Foh) ;kstuk o"kZ 2021 ls o"kZ 2026 dh
lacafèkr xfrfofèk dh vuqefr ugha gS] tc rd fd jk"Vªh; vofèk ds fy;s i`Foh foKku ea=kky; (MoES) dh ,d O;kid
Lekjd çkfèkdj.k (National Monuments Authority- ;kstuk gSA
blesa fuEufyf[kr ik¡p py jgh mi&;kstuk,¡ 'kkfey gSa%
NMA) ls fof'k"V vuqeksnu u fy;k x;k gksA
Â ACROSS% ok;qeaMy ,oa tyok;q vuqlaèkku&ekWMfyax
65. (b)
voyksdu ç.kkyh vkSj lsok,¡A
O;k[;k% Mhi vks'ku fe'ku (DOM)] i`Foh foKku ea=kky; (MoES) Â O-SMART% egklkxj lsok,¡] ekWMfyax vuqç;ksx] lalkèku
dh ,d egÙokdka{kh igy gS] ftldk mís'; xgjs leqæ esa vkSj çkS|ksfxdhA
[kkst ds fy;s çkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj {kerkvksa dk fodkl djuk gSA
Â PACER% èkzqoh; foKku vkSj Øk;ksLiQh;j vuqlaèkkuA vr%
fe'ku ds çeq[k LraHkksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
Â xgjs egklkxj esa [kuu vkSj ØwM lceflZcy ds fy;s
Â SAGE% Hkwdai foKku vkSj HkwfoKku
rduhdh çxfr
Â REACHOUT % vuq l a è kku] f'k{kk] çf'k{k.k vkS j
Â egklkxj tyok;q ifjorZu lykgdkj lsok,¡
vkmVjhpA
Â xgjs egklkxj esa tSofofoèkrk vUos"k.k vkSj laj{k.k ds
PACER ;kstuk esa fuEufyf[kr Ng ?kVd 'kkfey gSaA
fy;s uokpkj
Â èkzqoh; vuqlaèkku iksr dk fuekZ.k
Â xgjs egklkxj esa [kfutksa dk loZs{k.k vkSj vUos"k.k
Â vaVkdZfVdk esa rhljs vuqlaèkku dsaæ dk fuekZ.k
Â egklkxj esa ÅtkZ vkSj LoPN ty dk lap;u
Â vkdZfVd esa Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ç;kl
Â egklkxj tho foKku ds fy;s ,d mUur leqæh LVs'ku
dh LFkkiuk Â èkzqoh; vfHk;ku&vaVkdZfVdk
Â DOM ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa] Hkkjr ds Mhi vks'ku Â nf{k.kh egklkxj vfHk;ku
fe'ku] leqæ;ku] dh 'kq#vkr o"kZ 2021 esa i`Foh foKku Â bls i`Foh foKku ea=kky; ds rgr ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkku]
ea=kh }kjk dh xbZ FkhA jk"Vªh; èkzqoh; vkSj egklkxj vuqlaèkku dsaæ (NCPOR)
Â leqæ;ku ds lkFk] Hkkjr eè; fgan egklkxj esa leqæ ry ds ekè;e ls dk;kZfUor fd;k tkrk gSA
rd 6,000 ehVj dh xgjkbZ rd igq¡pus ds fy;s ,d NCPOR dh f”kEesnkfj;ksa esa Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vuqlaèkku
vHkwriwoZ pkyd ny vfHk;ku 'kq: dj jgk gSA vr% dsaæ ¶eS=kh¸ vkSj ¶Hkkjrh¸ ,oa Hkkjrh; vkdZfVd dsaæ
dFku (3) lgh gSA ¶fgekfæ¸ dk çcaèku o j[kj[kko 'kkfey gSA
Hkkjr us o"kZ 2007 esa vkdZfVd egklkxj esa viuk igyk igyk gkWdh fo'o di o"kZ 1971 esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA
oSKkfud vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;kA FIH gkWdh fo'o di esa efgyk Vhe dk loZJs"B çn'kZu
Hkkjr us Xysf'k;ksykWth] ok;qeaMyh; foKku vkSj tSfod foKku pkSFkk LFkku FkkA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
tSls fo"k;ksa esa vè;;u djus ds fy;s tqykbZ 2008 esa 68. (a)
LokyckMZ] ukWoZs esa ¶fgekfæ¸ uked ,d vuqlaèkku dsaæ
LFkkfir fd;k gSA O;k[;k% Hkk"kk;h vkèkkj ij Hkkjr dk igyk jkT; o"kZ 1953 esa vkaèkz
nf{k.k xaxks=kh o"kZ 1984 esa LFkkfir igyk Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd
çns'k FkkA
blds ckn o"kZ 1956 esa jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'kksa
csl FkkA o"kZ 2015 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k lcls u;k
vaVkdZfVd dsaæ Hkkjrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA ds vkèkkj ij 14 jkT;ksa vkSj 6 dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dk fuekZ.k
O-SMART dk ,d çeq[k mís'; Hkkjr ds rVh; ty ds
fd;k x;kA
LokLF; ewY;kadu ds fy;s lkxjh; ty çnw"kdksa ds Lrj dh o"kZ 1956 ds ckn Hkkjr esa jkT;ksa ds foHkktu dk dkyØe
le;≤ ij fuxjkuh djuk] çkÑfrd vkSj ekuotfur bl çdkj gS%

xfrfofèk;ksa ds dkj.k rVh; {kj.k ds vkdyu ds fy;s rVjs[kk Â 1960 – cacbZ jkT; egkjk"Vª vkSj xqtjkr esa foHkkftr gks
ifjorZu ekufp=k fodflr djuk gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh x;kA
ugha gSA Â 1963 – uxkySaM vle ls vyx gqvkA
67. (b) Â 1966 – iatkc jkT; ls vyx gksdj gfj;k.kk vkSj fgekpy
çns'k dk xBuA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA

O;k[;k% ,f'k;kbZ [ksy ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h [ksy çfr;ksfxrk gS] tks
Â 1972 – es?kky;] ef.kiqj vkSj f=kiqjk dk xBu gqvkA
gj pkj o"kZ esa ,d ckj vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSA ,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa
dk çrhd mxrs gq, lwjt ds lkFk ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gq, NYys Â 1974 – flfDde lg;ksxh jkT; ds :i esa Hkkjrh; la?k
gSA bls varjkZ"Vªh; vksyafid lfefr }kjk ekU;rk çkIr gSA dk fgLlk cu x;k vkSj o"kZ 1975 esa iw.kZ jkT; cu x;kA
19osa ,f'k;kbZ [ksy (o"kZ 2022 dk] 2023 esa vk;ksftr) Â 1987 – xksok vkSj v#.kkpy çns'k jkT; cus (igys ;s
gkax>w] phu esa vk;ksftr fd;s x, FksA o"kZ 2023 [ksyksa esa dsaæ'kkflr çns'k Fks)A vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
nks ind bZ&LiksV~lZ vkSj czsdMkaflax [ksyksa dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA Â 2000 – mÙkjkapy (mÙkj çns'k ls ckgj)] >kj[kaM (fcgkj
20osa ,f'k;kbZ [ksy 2027 esa tkiku esa vk;ksftr fd;s tk,axsA ls ckgj) vkSj NÙkhlx<+ (eè; çns'k ls ckgj) dk xBu
Hkkjr us ,f'k;kbZ [ksy o"kZ 2023 esa 107 ind (28 Lo.kZ] fd;k x;kA
38 jtr o 41 dkaL;) dh vHkwriwoZ miyfCèk ds lkFk vius Â 2014 & rsyaxkuk (vkaèkz çns'k ls ckgj) Hkkjr dk 29ok¡
fy;s ,d u;k ekunaM LFkkfir fd;kA jkT; cukA
,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa ds bfrgkl esa ;g igyh ckj Fkk] fd Hkkjr 19 fnlacj] 1961 dks nks fnu ls Hkh de le; rd pyh
dh ind la[;k rhu vadksa ds vk¡dM+s dks ikj dj xbZA ,slk rhoz Hkkjrh; lSU; dkjZokbZ ls xksok dks vk”kkn djk;k x;kA
djds] os phu (383)] tkiku (188) vkSj dksfj;k x.kjkT; vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
(190) ds ckn ,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa ds ,d gh laLdj.k esa 100
69. (b)
;k vfèkd ind thrus okys ,dek=k pkSFks ns'k cu x,A
vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA O;k[;k% o"kZ 1705 esa f[knjkuk dh yM+kbZ esa eqxyksa ls yM+rs gq, ekjs
,FkysfVDl esa 29 indksa ds lkFk lcls vfèkd liQyrk çkIr x, 40 fl[k ;ks¼kvksa dh ;kn esa iatkc ds Jh eqDrlj lkfgc
dh] ftles 6 Lo.kZ] 14 jtr vkSj 9 dkaL; ind çkIr 'kgj esa lfn;ksa ls ek?kh esyk euk;k tkrk jgk gSA bl yM+kbZ
fd;sA tcfd] Hkkjr dh iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us ,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa ds ckn gh f[knjkuk dk uke eqDrlj ;k eqfDr dk iwy j[kk
esa Lo.kZ ind thrk vkSj tkiku dks 5&1 ls gjkdj isfjl x;k FkkA vr% ;qXe (1) lgh lqesfyr ugha gSA
vksyafid ds fy;s DokyhiQkbZ fd;kA vr% dFku (2) lgh cFkqdEek ,d thoar] jaxhu iq"i R;ksgkj gS] ftls rsyaxkuk esa
ugha gSA efgykvksa }kjk cM+s mRlkg ds lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA cFkqdEek]
ftldk vFkZ gS êk¡ nsoh thfor vkvksa*] ekulwu ds var esa ¶lgk;rk vkSj lykg¸ ls c¡èks gSa] ;g ns[krs gq, fd fnYyh
euk;k tkrk gS vkSj çÑfr }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh çpqjrk foèkkulHkk ds ikl leorhZ lwph vkSj jkT; lwph ds rhu
dk çrhd gSA cFkqdEek dk vafre fnu] ftls isMk ;k líqyk fo"k;ksa dks NksM+dj lHkh ij dkuwu cukus dh 'kfDr gSA vr%
cFkqdEek ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] n'kgjk ls nks fnu vk;ksftr dFku (3) lgh gSA
fd;k tkrk gSA vr%;qXe (2) lgh lqesfyr ugha gSA 71. (a)
uksaxØse u`R; mRlo 'kjn ½rq ds nkSjku [kklh fgYl ds
lkaLÑfrd dsaæ fLer esa euk;k tkrk gSA [kklh yksxksa dk O;k[;k% lafoèkku ds 104osa la'kksèku us yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;
ik¡p fnolh; èkkfeZd R;ksgkj] ^dk iksEcykax uksaxØse u`R;*] foèkkulHkkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr (SC)@vuqlwfpr tutkfr (ST)
uksaxØse u`R; ds :i esa yksdfç; gSA es?kky; ds vU; lHkh lhVksa ds vkj{k.k dh vofèk dks 10 o"kZ rd c<+k fn;k vkSj
R;ksgkjksa dh rjg] uksaxØse u`R; egksRlo ,d le`¼ vfèkd vkaXy&Hkkjrh; leqnk; ds fy;s vkjf{kr lhVksa dks lekIr dj
iQly mRiknu vkSj yksxksa dh le`f¼ ds fy;s loZ'kfDreku fn;kA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
nsoh ^dk CysbZ fla'kj* dks çlUu djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 334 esa ewy :i ls o"kZ 1960 esa lhVksa
gSA vr% ;qXe (3) lgh lqesfyr gSA ds vkj{k.k dks lekIr djus dh vko';drk Fkh] ysfdu 8osa
ek?k esyk Hkkjr ds ç;kxjkt dh okf"kZd fganw rhFkZ;k=kk gSA la'kksèku }kjk bls o"kZ 1970 rd c<+k fn;k x;k FkkA vr%
;g 'khr ½rq ds eghuksa esa vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA fganw dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
ç;kxjkt (iwoZ esa bykgkckn) dks egku czãkaMh; egÙo dk 23osa] 45osa vkSj 62osa la'kksèku }kjk vkj{k.k dh vofèk Øe'k%
LFkku ekurs gSaA ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd rhu ifo=k ufn;k¡ xaxk o"kZ 1980, o"kZ 1990 o o"kZ 2000 rd c<+k nh xbZA 79osa
vkSj ;equk] lkFk gh ,d rhljh] ikSjkf.kd unh ftls ljLorh la'kksèku us bl vofèk dks o"kZ 2010 rd c<+k fn;kA 95osa
dgk tkrk gSA ogk¡ feyrh gSaA rhFkZ;k=kh ifo=k ty esa Luku vkSj 104osa la'kksèku }kjk vkj{k.k dh vofèk dks o"kZ 2020
djus vkSj vius ikiksa ls Lo;a dks 'kq¼ djus] eks{k çkIr ,oa o"kZ 2030 rd c<+k fn;k x;kA vr% dFku (3) lgh
djus] iqutZUe ds pØ ls eqfDr dh vk'kk esa vkrs gSaA vr% ugha gSA
;qXe (4) lgh lqesfyr gSA 72. (b)
70. (c)
O;k[;k% o"kZ 2022 ds fy;s Hkkjr dh lzksrokj çkFkfed ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ
O;k[;k% lafoèkku dh vuqlwph 1 ds rgr fnYyh dks ,d dsaæ'kkflr uhps ikbZ&pkVZ ds lkFk fn[kkbZ xbZ gS%
dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gS] ysfdu lafoèkku (69osa la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e
}kjk ykxw vuqPNsn 239AA ds rgr bls ^jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k*
('National Capital Territory') dk uke fn;k x;k gSA vr%
dFku (1) lgh gSA
Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa 69osa la'kksèku esa vuqPNsn 239AA
'kkfey fd;k x;k] ftlus dsaæ'kkflr çns'k fnYyh dks ,d
mijkT;iky (L-G tks fuokZfpr foèkku lHkk dh lgk;rk vkSj
lykg ij dke djrk gS) }kjk ç'kkflr ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
gkyk¡fd] ^lgk;rk vkSj lykg* [kaM dsoy mu ekeyksa ls
lacafèkr gS] ftu ij fuokZfpr foèkkulHkk ds ikl lkoZtfud
O;oLFkk] iqfyl vkSj Hkwfe ds viokn ds lkFk jkT; vkSj
leorhZ lwph ds rgr 'kfDr;k¡ çkIr gSaA
o"kZ 2018 NCT cuke Hkkjr la?k ekeys esa] ik¡p&U;k;kèkh'kksa ty fo|qr dk Hkkjr dh dqy çkFkfed ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ esa
dh lafoèkku ihB us ?kks"k.kk dh fd L-G eaf=kifj"kn dh yxHkx 2% ;ksxnku gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
Hkkjr esa m|ksx {ks=k esa fofHkUu lzksrksa dk mi;ksx djds o"kks± CBO foÙk o"kZ 2024&2025 rd LoSfPNd jgsxk vkSj vfuok;Z
ls ÅtkZ [kir dks uhps fn;s x, xzkiQ esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS lfEeJ.k nkf;Ro dk vkjaHk foÙk o"kZ 2025&26 ls gksxkA
(dks;ys dk mi;ksx djds ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ dkys jax esa çnf'kZr vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
dh xbZ gS)% foÙk o"kZ 2025&26, 2026&27 vkSj 2027&28 ds fy;s
CBO dks dqy CNG@PNG [kir dk Øe'k% 1%] 3% o
4% j[kk tk,xkA foÙk o"kZ 2028&29 ls CBO 5% gksxkA
74. (b)
O;k[;k% m|ksx esa] gkbMªkstu laHkkfor :i ls ykSg vkSj bLikr mRiknu

esa dks;ys vkSj dksd dh txg ys ldrk gSA bLikr fofuekZ.k
nqfu;k esa lcls cM+s dkcZu mRltZdksa esa ls ,d gS] gkbMªkstu
dk mi;ksx djds bl {ks=k dks MhdkckZsukb”k djus ls gekjs
m|ksx dks ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ dk çeq[k lzksr dks;yk vkSj blds tyok;q y{;ksa ij egÙoiw.kZ çHkko iM+us dh mEehn gSA vr%
ckn fo|qr gSaA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA dFku (1) lgh gSA
dks;yk ÅtkZ dk eq[; vkèkkj gS vkSj ;g ns'k esa dqy fo|qr blds fu"d"kZ.k dh fofèk dh çÑfr ds vkèkkj ij] gkbMªkstu
mRiknu esa yxHkx 70% ;ksxnku nsrk gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk dks rhu Jsf.k;ksa] vFkkZr~ xzs] Cyw vkSj xzhu esa oxhZÑr fd;k
nwljk lcls cM+k dks;yk mRiknd vkSj lkFk gh nwljk lcls x;k gSA
cM+k vk;krd Hkh gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA xzs gkbMªkstu% bldk mRiknu dks;ys ;k fyXukbV xSlhdj.k
(dkyk ;k Hkwjk) ds ekè;e ls ;k çkÑfrd xSl ;k ehFksu
73. (c)
(xzs) ds Hkki ehFksu lqèkkj (SMR) uked çfØ;k ds ekè;e
O;k[;k% ck;ks&xSl çkÑfrd :i ls Ñf"k vo'ks"k] eos'kh xkscj] xUuk ls fd;k tkrk gSA ;s vfèkdrj dkcZu&l?ku çfØ;k,¡ gksrh gSaA
çsl feêðh] uxjikfydk Bksl vif'k"V] lhost mipkj la;a=k Cyw gkbMªkstu% ;g dkcZu mRltZu dks de djus ds fy;s
vif'k"V bR;kfn tSls vif'k"V@tSo æO;eku lzksrksa ls vok;oh; dkcZu dSIpj LVksjt s (CCS) ;k dkcZu dSIpj mi;ksx (CCU)
vi?kVu dh çfØ;k ds ekè;e ls mRiUu gksrh gSA 'kqf¼dj.k çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk la;qDr çkÑfrd xSl ;k dks;yk
ds ckn] bls laihfM+r fd;k tkrk gS vkSj laihfM+r ck;ks&xSl xSlhdj.k ds ekè;e ls mRikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA
(CBG) dgk tkrk gS] ftlesa 'kq¼ ehFksu lkexzh 90% ls vfèkd xzhu gkbMªkstu% ;g uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ }kjk mRiUu fo|qr ds
gksrh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA lkFk ty ds bysDVªksfyfll dk mi;ksx djds mRikfnr fd;k
CBG viuh lajpuk vkSj ÅtkZ {kerk esa O;kolkf;d :i
tkrk gSA dkcZu dh rhozrk varr% fo|qr ds lzksr dh dkcZu
ls miyCèk çkÑfrd xSl ds fcYdqy leku gSA vr% dFku rVLFkrk ij fuHkZj djrh gS (;kuh] fo|qr b±èku feJ.k esa
ftruh vfèkd uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ gksxh] mRikfnr gkbMªkstu
(2) lgh gSA
mruh gh ¶xzhu¸ gksxk)A vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
CBG dk mi;ksx oSdfYid] uohdj.kh; vkWVkseksfVo b±èku
jk"Vªh; gfjr gkbMªkstu fe'ku ds rgr] xsy fyfeVsM us flVh
ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA ns'k esa ck;ksekl dh çpqjrk
xSl forj.k fxzM esa gkbMªkstu feJ.k dh Hkkjr dh igyh
dks ns[krs gq,] CBG esa vkus okys o"kks± esa vkWVkseksfVo] ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA ek=kk ds fglkc ls nks çfr'kr gkbMªkstu
vkS|ksfxd vkSj okf.kfT;d mi;ksx esa CNG dks izfrLFkkfir dks CNG usVodZ esa fefJr fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj 5% okWY;we
djus dh {kerk gSA gkbMªkstu dks eè; çns'k jkT; esa bankSj ds voafrdk xSl
CBG lfEeJ.k nkf;Ro (CBO) dk eq[; mís'; CGD {ks=k fyfeVsM (AGL) ds flVh xSl LVs'ku ij PNG usVodZ esa
esa CBG dh ekax dks çksRlkfgr djuk] rjyhÑr çkÑfrd fefJr fd;k tk jgk gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
xSl (LNG) ds fy;s vk;kr çfrLFkkiu] fons'kh eqæk esa cpr] NTPC fyfeVsM us tuojh 2023 ls NTPC dkokl
ifji=k vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj 'kq¼ 'kwU; mRltZu Vkmuf'ki] lwjr] xqtjkr esa PNG usVodZ esa 8% (okWY;we)
ds y{; dks çkIr djus esa lgk;rk djuk vkfn gSaA rd xzhu gkbMªkstu dk feJ.k 'kq: fd;k gSA
75. (a) rks ;g Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k lhek ij ,d 'kk[kk cukrh gSA
dqf'k;kjk vtesjhxat mif”kyk (ckaXykns'k) esa ekjdqyh ds
O;k[;k% Hkkjr ljdkj ds ty 'kfDr ea=kky; ds rgr LoPN xaxk
ikl lwjek esa feyrh gS vkSj nf{k.k esa HkSjc ck”kkj (ckaXykns'k)
ds fy;s jk"Vªh; fe'ku (NMCG) ds usr`Ro esa Xykscy fjoj
esa cgrh gS] tgk¡ bldk uke dyuh gSA
flVh”k ,yk;al (GRCA) dks la;qDr vjc vehjkr ds nqcbZ
rhLrk viuh ;k=kk mÙkjh flfDde fgeky; dh Rlks Ygkeks
esa la;qDr jk"Vª tyok;q ifjorZu lEesyu COP28 esa ykWUp
>hy ls 'kq: djrh gSA ;g flfDde vkSj nkftZfyax igkfM+;ksa
fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
ls gksdj uhps dh vksj cgrh gS vkSj fiQj ckaXykns'k esa ços'k
bls Hkkjr] felz] uhnjySaM] MsuekdZ] ?kkuk] vkWLVªsfy;k] HkwVku]
djus ls igys if'pe caxky ds eSnkuh bykdksa esa cgrh gS]
dacksfM;k] tkiku vkSj uhnjySaM ds unh&'kgj n gsx (Msu
tgk¡ ;g iQqypj esa czãiq=k unh ls feyrh gSA
gkx)] vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,fMysM rFkk gaxjh ds L”kksyuksd ,oa
es?kuk dk mn~xe ckaXykns'k esa gqvk gSA dkyuh èkuq (ckaXykns'k)
varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; ,tsafl;ksa tSls fo'o cSad] ,f'k;kbZ fodkl
ls feyrh gS] tks lwjek dh ,d 'kk[kk gS ftldk uke cnydj
cSad (ADB)] ,f'k;kbZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk fuos'k cSad (AIIB)
es?kuk dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g varr% ckaXykns'k esa caxky dh
vkSj KPMG tSls Kku çcaèku laLFkku ,d lk>snkjh esa ços'k
[kkM+h esa fxjrh gSA
dj jgs gSa] tks ekStwnk fjoj flVh”k ,yk;al (RCA) dh
Hkjsyh vkSj ekul czãiq=k unh dh lgk;d ufn;k¡ gSa] tks
igq¡p dk O;kid :i ls foLrkj dj jgk gS] ds lkFk ykWUp
vle jkT; esa gh blesa fey tkrh gSaA
fd;k x;k FkkA
NMCG }kjk o"kZ 2021 esa us'kuy baLVhVÔwV vkWiQ vcZu

77. (d)
viQs;lZ (NIUA) ds lg;ksx ls xfBr fd;k x;kA vr%
dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA O;k[;k% çfriw j d ouhdj.k dks " k vfèkfu;e] 2016 ( CAF
fjoj flVh”k ,yk;al (RCA) ty 'kfDr ea=kky; (MoJS) vfèkfu;e)] ou (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1980 ds çkoèkkuksa ds
vkSj vkokl ,oa 'kgjh ekeyksa ds ea=kky; (MoHUA) dh vuqlkj xSj&okfudh mís';ksa ds fy;s ou Hkwfe ds Mk;o”kZu ds
,d la;qDr igy gS] ftldk mís'; unh 'kgjksa dks tksM+uk dkj.k ou vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lsokvksa ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ
vkSj unh ds lrr fodkl ij è;ku dsafær djuk gSA bldh ds fy;s dkuwuh <k¡pk çnku djrk gSA
'kq#vkr uoacj 2021 esa 30 lnL; 'kgjksa ds lkFk dh xbZ FkhA CAF vfèkfu;e dks çfriwjd ouhdj.k ds fy;s ,d=k fd;s
,yk;al dk foLrkj iwjs Hkkjr esa 143 unh 'kgjksa vkSj MsuekdZ x, èku dks ç'kkflr djus ds fy;s viuk;k x;k Fkk] ftls
(vkgZql) ds ,d varjkZ"Vªh; lnL; 'kgj rd gks x;k gSA igys rnFkZ çfriwjd ouhdj.k dks"k çcaèku ,oa ;kstuk
vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA çkfèkdj.k dk fufèk (CAMPA) }kjk fu;af=kr fd;k tkrk
FkkA jk"Vªh; fufèk dks laHkkyus ds fy;s CAF vfèkfu;e ds
76. (a)
rgr ¶jk"Vªh; çfriwjd oujksi.k fufèk çcaèku vkSj ;kstuk
O;k[;k% ckaXykns'k esa 300 ls vfèkd ufn;k¡ gSa] ftuesa ls 57 lhek çkfèkdj.k¸ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA vr% dFku (3) lgh
ikj ufn;k¡ gSaA 57 lhek ikj ufn;ksa esa ls 54 Hkkjr ds lkFk ugha gSA
vkSj 'ks"k 3 E;k¡ekj ds lkFk feyrh gSaA bu ufn;ksa ij ty CAMPA iQaM ou Hkwfe ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lsokvksa ds
c¡Vokjs ds le>kSrs dks ysdj Hkkjr ,oa ckaXykns'k ds chp uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ds fy;s fo'ks"k vkSj vfrfjDr iQaM gSa]
ckrphr vkSj fookn py jgs gSaA ysfdu ;g lkekU; jkT; iQaM dks çfrLFkkfir djus ds fy;s
f=kiqjk dh jktèkkuh vxjryk ls 135 fdeh- nf{k.k esa cgus ugha gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
okyh iQsuh unh ij o"kZ 1934 ls fookn esa gSA ;g Hkkjrh; fu;eksa ds eqrkfcd] CAF dk 90% foÙk jkT;ksa dks fn;k
lhek ds lc:e 'kgj ls gksdj xqtjrh gS vkSj ckaXykns'k esa tkuk gS] tcfd 10% dsaæ dks vius ikl j[kuk gSA vr%
çokfgr gksus ds ckn caxky dh [kkM+h esa fey tkrh gSA dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
dqf'k;kjk unh ckaXykns'k vkSj vle esa ,d lgk;d unh gSA çfriwjd oujksi.k dk eryc gS] fd tc Hkh ou Hkwfe dks
tc cjkd unh dqf'k;kjk vkSj lwjek esa foHkkftr gksrh gS] [kuu ;k m|ksx tSls xSj&ou mís';ksa ds fy;s ifjofrZr fd;k
tkrk gS] rc mi;ksxdÙkkZ ,tsalh xSj&ou Hkwfe ds cjkcj {ks=k b±V Hkêòk ekfyd ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSa
ij ou yxkus ds fy;s Hkqxrku djrh gS] ;k tc ,slh Hkwfe fd dPps eky ;k b±Vksa ds ifjogu ds fy;s mi;ksx dh tkus
miyCèk ugha gksrh gS] rks ml fuEuhÑr ou Hkwfe {ks=k dk okyh lM+dsa iDdh gksaA
nksxquk Hkqxrku djrh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

fufèk dk mi;ksx tyxzg.k {ks=kksa ds mipkj] lgk;rk çkIr 79. (d)
çkÑfrd mRiknu] ou çcaèku] oU;tho laj{k.k vkSj çcaèku]
O;k[;k% LVkWdgkse vfHkle; ekuo LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.k dks LFkk;h
lajf{kr {ks=kksa ls xk¡oksa dk LFkkukarj.k] ekuo&oU;tho la?k"kks±
dkcZfud çnw"kd (POPs) ls cpkus ds fy;s ,d oSf'od lafèk
dk çcaèku] çf'k{k.k vkSj tkx:drk l`tu] ydM+h cpkus
gSA POPs ,sls jlk;u gSa] tks i;kZoj.k esa yacs le; rd cus
okys midj.kksa dh vkiwfrZ vkSj lac¼ xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy;s
jgrs gSa vkSj HkkSxksfyd :i ls O;kid :i ls forfjr gksrs gSa]
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
thfor thoksa ds olk;qDr Årdksa esa tek gksrs gSa rFkk euq";ksa
78. (b) ,oa oU;thoksa ds fy;s ”kgjhys gksrs gSaA vfHkle; dks ykxw djus
O;k[;k% dbZ xSj&çkfIr okys 'kgjksa (Non-attainment cities) esa b±V esa] ljdkjsa i;kZoj.k esa POPs dks lekIr djus ;k de djus
Hkêðksa dks çnw"k.k ds ,d çeq[k lzksr ds :i esa igpkuk x;k gS] ds fy;s mik; djsaxhA ;g vfHkle; ebZ 2004 esa ykxw gqvkA
tks dsaæh; i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; (MoEF- [krjukd vif'k"Vksa dh lhekikj xfrfofèk;ksa ds fu;a=k.k ,oa
CC) }kjk fuèkkZfjr ok;q xq.koÙkk vko';drkvksa dks iwjk ugha muds fuiVku ij csly vfHkle; o"kZ 1989 esa viuk;k
djrs gSaA x;k Fkk vkSj ;g o"kZ 1992 esa ykxw gqvkA ;g [krjukd
MoEF-CC us yacs fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn b±V Hkêðksa ds fy;s vif'k"Vksa vkSj vU; vif'k"Vksa ij O;kid oSf'od i;kZoj.kh;
dM+s ekud cuk, gSaA le>kSrk gSA vfHkle; [krjukd vif'k"Vksa vkSj vU; vif'k"Vksa
dh lhek ikj vkoktkgh dks fu;af=kr djrk gS vkSj vius
b±èku ds :i esa ikbIM uspqjy xSl (PNG) dk dk;kZUo;u
i{kksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ckè; djrk gS] fd
,d ldkjkRed fodkl dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gS] D;ksafd
,sls vif'k"Vksa dk çcaèku vkSj fuiVku i;kZoj.kh; n`f"V ls
fiQDLM fpeuh cqy Vªsap fdYu (FCBTK) tSlh iqjkuh
mfpr rjhds ls fd;k tk,A vfHkle; esa ”kgjhys] fo"kSys]
çkS|ksfxfd;ksa esa bls viukus ls LokHkkfod :i ls ikfVZdqysV
foLiQksVd] la{kkjd] Toyu'khy] bdksVkWfDld vkSj laØked
eSVj mRltZu esa deh vk,xhA
dpjs dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
xSj&çkfIr okys 'kgjksa ds 10 fdeh- ds nk;js esa ekStwnk b±V
edZjh ij feukekrk vfHkle; dks o"kZ 2013 esa viuk;k
Hkêðksa dks ;k rks ftx&tSx rduhd ;k ÅèokZèkj 'kkÝV esa
x;k Fkk vkSj ;g vxLr 2017 esa ykxw gqvkA bldk uke
cnyko djuk gksxk] ;k ,d o"kZ ds vanj b±èku ds :i esa
tkiku dh [kkM+h ds uke ij j[kk x;k gS] tgk¡ 20oha lnh
PNG dk mi;ksx djuk gksxk] tcfd vU; {ks=kksa esa nks o"kZ
ds eè; esa] ikjk&;qDr vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V ty us g”kkjksa
dh le; lhek gSA
yksxksa ds fy;s ”kgj dk dke fd;k] ftlls LokLF; dks xaHkhj
lHkh b±V Hkêðksa dks PNG] dks;yk] tykÅ ydM+h vkSj Ñf"k
uqdlku igq¡pkA bls ¶feuekrk jksx¸ ds uke ls tkuk tkus
vo'ks"kksa tSls vuqeksfnr b±èku dk mi;ksx djuk vfuok;Z gSA yxkA ikjs dh vkiwfrZ vkSj O;kikj dks fu;af=kr djus] ikjs ds
b±V Hkêðksa esa isV dksd] Vk;j] IykfLVd ;k [krjukd vif'k"V mi;ksx] mRltZu ,oa çokg dks de djus] lkoZtfud
dk mi;ksx çfrcafèkr gSA tkx:drk c<+kus vkSj vko';d laLFkkxr {kerk dk fuekZ.k
b±V Hkêðksa dks dsaæh; çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k cksMZ (CPCB) }kjk djus ds fy;s Hkkxhnkj feydj dke dj jgsa gSaA
fuèkkZfjr ekudksa ds vuqlkj iksVZ gksy vkSj IysViQkeks± ds fy;s jkWVjMSe vfHkle; (vkSipkfjd :i ls] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
LFkk;h lqfoèkkvksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gksxkA esa dqN [krjukd jlk;uksa vkSj dhVuk'kdksa ds fy;s iwoZ lwfpr
lacafèkr jkT; çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k cksMZ (SPCB) }kjk fufnZ"V lgefr (Prior Informed Consent) çfØ;k ij jkWVjMSe
Ý;w”kfVo èkwy mRltZu fu;a=k.k fn'kkfunZs'kksa dk b±V Hkêðksa }kjk vfHkle;) [krjukd jlk;uksa ds vk;kr ds lacaèk esa lk>k
ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA f”kEesnkfj;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ,d cgqi{kh; lafèk gSA
vfHkle; lwpukvksa ds [kqys vknku&çnku dks c<+kok nsrk gS 81. (c)
vkSj [krjukd jlk;uksa ds fu;kZrdksa ls mfpr yscfyax dk
O;k[;k% 1990 ds n'kd esa oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh mRiknu xq.koÙkk
mi;ksx djus] lqjf{kr gSaMfyax ij fn'kkfunZs'k 'kkfey djus
esa o`f¼ djus ds mís'; ls iwathxr oLrqvksa ds vk;kr dks
,oa fdlh Hkh Kkr çfrcaèk ds ckjs esa [kjhnkjksa dks lwfpr
lqfoèkktud cukus ds fy;s iwt a hxr oLrq fu;kZr lao¼Zu (EPCG)
djus dk vkàku djrk gSA bu jlk;uksa dk fu;kZr nks çdkj
;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh] blus Hkkjr dh varjkZ"Vªh; fofuekZ.k
dh vko';drkvksa fu;kZr vfèklwpuk vkSj Li"V lgefr ds
çfrLi¼kZRedrk esa dkiQh o`f¼ dhA
vèkhu gSA gLrk{kjdÙkkZ jk"Vª ;g r; dj ldrs gSa] fd lafèk
;g fofuekZrkvksa dks iwo& Z mRiknu] mRiknu vkSj mRiknu i'pkr~
esa lwphc¼ jlk;uksa ds vk;kr dh vuqefr nh tk, ;k ml
oLrqvksa ds fy;s iwathxr oLrqvksa mu ij fdlh çdkj dk
ij çfrcaèk yxk;k tk, vkSj fu;kZrd ns'k ;g lqfuf'pr
lhek 'kqYd yxk, fcuk dk vk;kr dh lqfoèkk çnku djrk
djus ds fy;s ckè; gSa] fd muds vfèkdkj {ks=k esa mRiknd
gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
bldk vuqikyu djsaA
EPCG ;kstuk ds rgr lsdsaM&gSaM iwathxr oLrqvksa ds thou
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
pØ ds lacaèk esa fdlh çfrcaèk ds fcuk vk;kr fd;k tk

80. (a)
ldrk gSA
O;k[;k% o"kZ 2022 esa Hkkjrh; lsehdaMDVj m|ksx 27 fcfy;u iwathxr oLrqvksa ds vk;kr ij lhek 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djus
vesfjdh MkWyj dk Fkk] ftlesa 90% ls vfèkd vk;kr fd;k ls NwV vuqKfIr tkjh gksus ds Ng o"kZ ds Hkhrj fu;kZr ewY;
x;k Fkk] vkSj blfy;s Hkkjrh; fpi miHkksDrkvksa ds fy;s ,d çkIr djus ds vèkhu gS] tks mu iwathxr oLrqvksa ds vk;kr
egÙoiw.kZ ckgjh fuHkZjrk FkhA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA ij cpk, x, 'kqYd ds Ng xquk ds cjkcj gSA
Hkkjr dks lsehdaMDVj fu;kZr djus okys ns'kksa esa phu] rkboku] fu;kZr nkf;Ùo ds vèkhu] iwathxr oLrqvksa dk vk;kr 'kqYd
vesfjdk] tkiku vkfn 'kkfey gSaA eqDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj Hkkjr esa lsehdaMDVj fofuekZ.k dks c<+kus ds bl ;kstuk ds rgr vuqKfIr èkkjd (vFkok fu;kZrd) dks
O;kid ç;klksa ds rgr eksgkyh esa ekStwnk lseh&daMDVj Ng o"kks± esa ewY; ds lanHkZ esa cpk, x, okLrfod 'kqYd
ç;ksx'kkyk (SCL) ds vkèkqfudhdj.k dks lfØ; :i ls dk Ng xquk ewY; dk rS;kj eky fu;kZr djuk gksxkA
vkxs c<+k jgh gSA iwoZorhZ 90&fnu dh vofèk ds LFkku ij] fu;kZr nkf;Ùo
SCL Hkkjr esa ,dek=k IDM (baVhxzsVsM fMokbl fuekZrk) foLrkj ds fy;s vuqjksèk vFkok vkosnu vuqKfIr dh lekfIr
lsehdaMDVj lqfoèkk gSA blus varfj{k foHkkx ds usr`Ro esa ds Ng eghus ds Hkhrj fd;k tk,xkA gkyk¡fd] Ng ekg ds
ns'k ds eaxy fe'ku dks 'kfDr çnku djus lfgr ns'k dh ckn rFkk Ng o"kZ ds Hkhrj fd;s x, vkosnuksa ij çfr
mUur] ysfdu fuEu Lrj dh Lons'kh lsehdaMDVj ”k:jrksa vuqKfIr 10,000 #i, dk foyac 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djuk
gksrk gSA
dks iwjk fd;k gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
Hkkjr lsehdaMDVj fe'ku (ISM) dks bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj vkbZVh
82. (a)
ea=kky; (MeitY) ds rRokoèkku esa 76,000 djksM+ #i, ds O;k[;k% vkS|ksfxd ikdZ jsfVax ç.kkyh (IPRS) bafM;k baMfLVª;y ySaM
dqy foÙkh; ifjO;; ds lkFk o"kZ 2021 esa ykWUp fd;k cSad (IILB) IysViQkWeZ dk foLrkj gS] ftlesa 4,500 ls vfèkd
x;k FkkA vkS|ksfxd ikdZ gSa vkSj ;g fuos'kdksa dks fuos'k ds fy;s vius
;g ;kstuk Hkkjr esa ik=k vkosndksa dks daikmaM lsehdaMDVj ilanhnk LFkku dh igpku djus dh lqfoèkk çnku djus okyk
@ flfydkWu iQksVksfuDl (SiPh)@lsalj (MEMS lfgr) iQSc ,d HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ç.kkyh (GIS)&l{ke MsVkcsl gSA
vkSj lsehdaMDVj ATMP@OSAT (vkmVlksLMZ lsehdaMDVj orZeku esa IILB 34 jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dh
vlsacyh vkSj VsLV) lqfoèkkvksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s iw¡thxr m|ksx&vkèkkfjr HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ç.kkyh ç.kkyh dk fgLlk gSA
O;; dk 30% dk foÙkh; leFkZu çnku djrh gSA vr% ¶vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr vfHk;ku¸ ds rgr] DPIIT us vkS|ksfxd
dFku (3) lgh gSA ikdZ jsfVax ç.kkyh (IPRS) ykWUp dh Fkh rFkk o"kZ 2018 esa
,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (ADB) vkSj bysDVªkWfuDl ,oa lwpuk blds vfrfjDr] MSME ea=kky; us ns'k esa MSME ds
çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; (MeitY) ds lg;ksx ls ,d çk;ksfxd fMftVy l'kDrhdj.k ds fy;s tkx:drk c<+kus] DykmM
Lrj dk vH;kl vk;ksftr fd;kA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA vkèkkfjr fMftVy midj.kksa ds ç;ksx gsrq MSME pkSafi;al
bldk mís'; ns'k ds vkS|ksfxd ikdks± vkSj fo'ks"k vkfFkZd ;kstukvksa ds rgr ^fMftVy MSME ;kstuk* dks 'kkfey
{ks=kksa dh jsfVax djuk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA fd;k gSA
bl çk;ksfxd jsfVax <k¡ps dh ladYiuk pkj LraHkksa& vkarfjd 84. (a)
cqfu;knh <k¡pk vkSj mi;ksfxrk] cká cqfu;knh <k¡pk rFkk
O;k[;k% VISVAS (oafpr bdkbZ lewg vkSj oxks± dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk)
lqfoèkkvksa] O;kikj lgk;rk lsokvksa ,oa i;kZoj.k o lqj{kk
;kstuk dk mís'; OBC vFkok SC Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa (SHG)
çcaèku dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, dh xbZ FkhA
vFkok O;fDr;ksa dks C;kt NwV çnku djuk gSA vr% dFku (1)
bl vH;kl }kjk vkS|ksfxd çfrLi¼kZRedrk dks lapkfyr
lgh gSA
djus okys dkjdksa ds ckjs esa egÙoiw.kZ varnZ`f"V çkIr gqbZA
bldk fØ;kUo;u lkekftd U;k; vkSj vfèkdkfjrk ea=kky;
83. (b) }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
O;k[;k% MSME laidZ ;kstuk Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d igy gS ftldk blds rgr lac¼ oxZ ds yksxksa dks çfr o"kZ 5 çfr'kr C;kt
mís'; deZpkfj;ksa vkSj O;olk;ksa ds chp ds varj dks dks de ij 2.00 yk[k rd Rofjr C;kt vuqnku ykHk çkIr gksxkA
djuk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
bl ;kstuk ds rgr ,d laidZ iksVZy 'kq: fd;k gS ftl ij bl ;kstuk dk mís'; mu ik=k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks de C;kt nj
jftLVªhÑr jks”kxkj ds bPNqd vkSj daifu;k¡ ,d&nwljs dh dk çR;{k ykHk çnku djuk gS] ftUgksaus lkoZtfud {ks=k ds
vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i dk;Z dj ldrh gSaA cSadksa (PSBs)] {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSadksa (RRBs) vkSj blh rjg
;g igy NksVs O;olk;ksa dks muds laxBu ds fy;s mi;qDr ds foÙkh; laLFkkuksa] ftUgsa ½.k nsus okys laLFkkuksa ds :i esa
çfrHkk dh [kkst djus esa enn djus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj tkuk tkrk gS] ds ekè;e ls ½.k fy;k gSA
}kjk 'kq: dh xbZ eq[; MSME ;kstukvksa esa ls ,d gSA jk"Vªh; fiNM+k oxZ foÙk ,oa fodkl fuxe (NBCFDC) rFkk
;g ;kstuk 27 twu] 2018 dks 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh vkSj bldk jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr foÙk vkSj fodkl fuxe (NSFDC)
mís'; ns'k ds csjks”kxkjh ds eqíksa dks gy djus ds fy;s Hkkjr }kjk lsaVªy cSad vkWiQ bafM;k rFkk iatkc us'kuy cSad ,oa
esa ekStwn çfrHkkvksa ,oa O;olk;ksa ds chp dkS'ky&varj dks çeq[k lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad ds lkFk ,d le>kSrk Kkiu
de djuk gSA (MoA) ij gLrk{kj djus ds i'pkr~ VISVAS ;kstuk dks
ljdkj us fMftVy l'kDrhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ,oa MSME dkiQh çksRlkgu çkIr gqvkA
ds O;kikj dks ljy cukus ds fy;s fofHkUu fMftVy igy 85. (b)
dh gSaA
blesa vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkWuykbu jftLVªhdj.k ds
O;k[;k% i'kqèku LokLF; vkSj jksx fu;a=k.k (LH-DC) ;kstuk%
;g ,d dsaæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk gS ftls jkT;@dsaæ'kkflr çns'k
fy;s m|e jftLVªhdj.k iksVZy] f'kdk;r fuokj.k ds fy;s
MSME dh pkSfa i;al iksVy Z ] vkWuykbu [kjhn ds fy;s ljdkjh ljdkjksa ds ç;klksa ds iwjd Lo:i ykxw fd;k x;k gSA vr%
bZ&ekdZsVIysl (GeM)] pkyku esa NwV ds fy;s VªsM fjlhoscYl dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
fMLdkmafVax flLVe (TReDS) rFkk vkWuykbu ekdZsfVax y{;% Vhdkdj.k }kjk i'kqèku o eqxhZikyu ds vkfFkZd :i
lgk;rk dh lqfoèkk ds fy;s msmemart-com 'kkfey gSaA ls egÙoiw.kZ vkSj twuksfVd jksxksa ds fu;a=k.k ds fy;s jksxksa
blds vfrfjDr] dsaæh; lkoZtfud {ks=k ds m|eksa (CPSEs) dh jksdFkke ,oa fu;a=k.kA
}kjk lw{e vkSj y?kq m|eksa (MSEs) ls [kjhn dh fuxjkuh vc bl ;kstuk dks 2021&22 ls 2025&26 rd ds fy;s
ds fy;s MSME lacaèk ,oa dsaæh; ea=kky;ksa@foHkkxksa@CPSEs iquxZfBr fd;k x;k gSA
@jkT; ljdkjksa vkfn }kjk foyafcr Hkqxrku ds lacaèk esa vkosnu mís';% i'kqèku vkSj eqxhZikyu dh chekfj;ksa ds f[kykiQ
nsus ds fy;s MSME lekèkku iksVZy Hkh 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA jksxfujksèkh Vhdkdj.k }kjk i'kq LokLF; ds tksf[ke dks de
djuk] i'kq fpfdRlk lsokvksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k] jksx fuxjkuh bldk mís'; vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjksa dks ,dhÑr djuk rFkk
rFkk i'kq fpfdRlk lacaèkh cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks e”kcwr djukA lHkh xk¡oksa rd 4G dusfDVfoVh dk foLrkj djuk gSA vr%
vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA dFku (2) lgh gSA
;kstuk ds rgr blds dk;kZUo;u ls fofHkUu jksxksa ds jksdFkke ,dhÑr cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fodkl vkSj Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh
vkSj fu;a=k.k dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gS] ftlls chekfj;ksa dk ykxr çfrLi¼kZRedrk c<+kus ds fy;s vkfFkZd {ks=k fodflr
mUewyu gksxk] i'kq fpfdRlk lsokvksa rd igq¡p esa o`f¼ gksxh] fd;s tk jgs gSaA bu {ks=kksa ds mnkgj.kksa esa oL=k lewg]
i'kqvksa dh mRikndrk esa Hkh c<+ksrjh gksxh] i'kqèku vkSj iQkekZL;qfVdy lewg] j{kk xfy;kjs] bysDVªkWfud ikdZ]
eqxhZikyu esa O;kikj dks c<+kok feysxk] i'kqèku o eqxhZikyu vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs] eRL; ikyu lewg ,oa Ñf"k {ks=k 'kkfey gSAa
mRiknksa esa O;kikj dks c<+kok feysxk rFkk i'kqèku vkSj vc rd] m|ksx vkSj vkarfjd O;kikj lao¼Zu foHkkx (DPIIT)
eqxhZikydksa dh vkfFkZd&lkekftd fLFkfr esa lqèkkj gksxkA ds ykWftfLVDl laHkkx us cqfu;knh <k¡pk ifj;kstukvksa ds
xaHkhj i'kq jksx fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe (CADCP) vkSj ekStwnk i'kq O;kid {ks=k&vkèkkfjr lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl dk vkdyu
fpfdRlk vLirkyksa ,oa vkS"kèkky;ksa (ESVHD) dh LFkkiuk djus ds fy;s 62 usVodZ Iykfuax xziq (NPG) cSBdsa vk;ksftr
rFkk lqn`<+hdj.k ds xSj&vkorhZ ?kVd iwjh rjg ls dsaæh; dh gSaA
lgk;rk }kjk foÙkiksf"kr gSaA vU; ?kVdksa ds fy;s Hkkxhnkjh ih,e xfr 'kfDr vkfFkZd o`f¼ vkSj lrr~ fodkl ds fy;s
dsaæ o jkT; ds chp 60:40 gSA lkFk gh jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr ,d ifjorZudkjh n`f"Vdks.k gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k esa yf{kr ds
çns'kksa esa i'kq jksx fu;a=k.k (ASCAD) dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks 7 çeq[k {ks=k fuEufyf[kr gS%
igkM+h vkSj iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa ds fy;s foÙkiks"k.k lacaèkh vuqikr 1. jsyos 5. gokbZ vîók
90%10 gS rFkk dsæa 'kkflr çns'kksa ds fy;s ;g vuqikr 100% gSA
2. lM+dsa 6. tu ifjogu
;kstuk ds mís';% 3. iÙku 7. jln volajpuk
o"kZ 2030 rd lHkh HksM+ksa vkSj cdfj;ksa dk Vhdkdj.k djds 4. tyekxZ
isLVs Msl isfVV~l :feusaV~l (PPR) dk mUewyu djus ds fodkl dh bl çfØ;k dks vkSj xfr çnku djus ds fy;s
fy;s xaHkhj i'kq jksx fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe (CADCP) dks ykxw HkkLdjkpk;Z ba L VhVÔw V iQkW j Lis l ,fIyds ' ku ,a M
djuk rFkk lqvj dh laiw.kZ vkcknh dk Vhdkdj.k dj ft;ks&baiQkWeZsfVDl (BiSAG&N) }kjk fodflr bljks bestjh
Dykfldy Lokbu cq[kkj (CSF) dks fu;af=kr djukA ds lkFk LFkkfud ;kstuk midj.kksa lfgr cM+s iSekus ij
eksckby i'kq fpfdRlk bdkb;ksa (MVU) ds ekè;e ls fdlkuksa çkS|ksfxdh dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
dks muds ?kj rd i'kq fpfdRlk lsok,¡ miyCèk djkukA vr% 87. (b)
dFku (3) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% [kfut vUos"k.k ds çR;sd pj.k ds lkFk] Vksgh ([kfut
jkT;@dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dh çkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj fofHkUu
lalkèkuksa dks fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy;s çkjafHkd loZs{k.k) ls 'kq:
jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa çpfyr çeq[k i'kqèku vkSj iksYVªh
gksdj] blds ckn iwoZs{k.k ([kfut HkaMkj dh [kkst] irk yxkuk)]
jksxksa dh jksdFkke ,oa fu;a=k.k }kjk jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa
vkSj foLr`r vUos"k.k ([kfut v;Ld ,oa xzsM dk vuqeku
dks i'kq jksx fu;a=k.k (ASCAD) gsrq lgk;rk djukA
yxkuk)] [kfut dh miyCèkrk dh tkudkjh dks vkSj iq[rk
86. (c)
djrk gSA
O;k[;k% ih,e xfr 'kfDr ,d laiw.kZ ljdkjh n`f"Vdks.k gS ftls lalkèkuksa ds oxhZdj.k ds fy;s la;qDr jk"Vª ÚseodZ ds vuqlkj
lacafèkr ea=kky;ksa ds chp lg;ksx ds ekè;e ls eYVhekWMy vUos"k.k ds pj.kksa dks Hkh foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% G4
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh ,dhÑr fodkl dh lqfoèkk ds fy;s viuk;k (Vksgh)] G3 (iwoZs{k.k)] G2 (lkekU; vUos"k.k)] vkSj G1
x;k gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA (foLr`r vUos"k.k)A
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; jln ykxr dks de djus ds fy;s Lopkfyr ekxZ ls [kuu vkSj vUos"k.k {ks=k esa 100% çR;{k
cqfu;knh <k¡pk ifj;kstukvksa ds ;kstuk fuekZ.k vkSj dk;kZUo;u fons'kh fuos'k (FDI) dh vuqefr gSA
dk leUo; djuk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

88. (b) 90. (c)
O;k[;k% f'k{kk ea=kky; ds mPp f'k{kk foHkkx us ns'k esa i<+us] fy[kus O;k[;k% vDrwcj 2021 esa dk;kdYi vkSj 'kgjh ifjorZu ds fy;s
o iqLrd laLÑfr dks c<+kok nsus vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij Hkkjr vVy fe'ku 2.0 (AMRUT 2.0) ;kstuk dks 05 o"kZ dh
,oa Hkkjrh; ys[ku dks çLrqr djus ds mís'; ls ;qok ,oa uoksfnr vofèk ;kuh foÙkh; o"kZ 2021&22 ls foÙkh; o"kZ 2025&26
ys[kdksa (30 o"kZ ls de vk;q) dks çf'kf{kr djus gsrq ;qok rd ds fy;s ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA
bldk y{; 'kgjksa esa ty lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djuk] lHkh
2.0& ;qok ys[kdksa dks ijke'kZ nsus okyh çèkkuea=kh dh ;kstuk&
oSèkkfud dLcksa esa ty dh lkoZHkkSfed dojst çnku djuk
dh 'kq#vkr dhA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
vkSj 500 ve`r 'kgjksa esa lhojst@lsIVst çcaèku dh 100%
22 fofHkUu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj vaxzs”kh esa ;qok vkSj mHkjrs
dojst çnku djuk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
ys[kdksa dh cM+s iSekus ij Hkkxhnkjh ,oa YUVA ds igys
ve`r 2.0 ds rgr çR;sd 'kgj ds fy;s 'kgjh ty larqyu
laLdj.k ds çHkko dks ns[krs gq,] YUVA 2.0 ykWUp fd;k ;kstuk (CWBP) ds fodkl ds ekè;e ls ty dh pØh;
x;k gSA vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk] tks mipkfjr lhost ds
o"kZ 2022 dk fo"k;& ^yksdra=k (laLFkk,¡] ?kVuk,¡] yksx] iqupZØ.k@iqu% mi;ksx] ty fudk;ksa ds dk;kdYi rFkk ty
laoSèkkfud ewY; & vrhr] orZeku] Hkfo";)*A laj{k.k ij dsafær gksxhA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh ds :i esa f'k{kk ea=kky; ds rgr us'kuy ;g 'kgjksa dks dk;kZRed ty uy dusD'ku] ty lzksr laj{k.k]
cqd VªLV] Hkkjr bl ;kstuk ds pj.kc¼ dk;kZUo;u dks ty fudk;ksa vkSj dqvksa ds dk;kdYi] mipkfjr ty ds
esaVjf'ki ds lqifjHkkf"kr pj.kksa ds rgr lqfuf'pr djsxkA iqupZØ.k@iqu% mi;ksx rFkk o"kkZ ty lap;u ds lkoZHkkSfed
vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA dojst ij è;ku dsafær djus okyh ifj;kstukvksa dh igpku
djus esa enn djsxkA
bl ;kstuk ds rgr rS;kj dh xbZ iqLrdksa dks us'kuy cqd
CWBP esa fpfÉr ifj;kstukvksa ds vkèkkj ij] bl fe'ku esa
VªLV] Hkkjr }kjk çdkf'kr fd;k tk,xk vkSj laLÑfr ,oa
ty dh pØh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds ekè;e ls 'kgjksa dks ^ty
lkfgR; ds vknku&çnku dks lqfuf'pr djrs gq, budk vU; lqjf{kr* cukus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn fd;k tk,xk] ftlls ^,d Hkkjr]
91. (a)
Js"B Hkkjr* dks c<+kok feysxkA p;fur ;qok ys[kd fo'o
ds dqN csgrjhu ys[kdksa ds lkFk ckrphr djsaxs] lkfgfR;d O;k[;k% ;wfuiQkbM eksckby ,fIyds'ku iQkWj U;w ,t xous±l
mRloksa vkfn esa Hkkx ysaxsA (UMANG) ,i
UMANG fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe ds rgr çeq[k igyksa
89. (c)
esa ls ,d gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% oh-vks- fpnacjukj iÙku (rwrhdksfju)% bldk mís'; lHkh ljdkjh lsokvksa rd igq¡p dh lqfoèkk ds
oh-vks- fpnacjukj iÙku j.kuhfrd :i ls Hkkjr ds nf{k.kiwohZ fy;s ,d lkekU;] ,dhÑr eap vkSj eksckby ,i fodflr
rV ij 8°45'N v{kka'k vkSj 78°13'E ns'kkarj ij iwoZ&if'pe djuk gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; leqæh ekxks± ds fudV fLFkr gSA ,d ekLVj ,fIyds'ku gksxk] tks Ñf"k] f'k{kk] LokLF; lfgr
;g eUukj dh [kkM+h esa gS] ftlds nf{k.k&iwoZ esa Jhyadk fofHkUu {ks=kksa dh çeq[k ljdkjh lsokvksa dks ,dhÑr djsxkA
vkSj if'pe esa Hkkjr dk cM+k Hkw&Hkkx gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks dsaæ ljdkj] jkT; ljdkjksa] LFkkuh; fudk;ksa
oh-vks- fpnacjukj iÙku rfeyukMq ds FkwFkqdqMh esa gS] vkSj
vkSj mudh ,tsafl;ksa ls bZ&ljdkjh lsokvksa rd igq¡pus esa
Hkkjr ds 13 çeq[k iÙkuksa esa ls ,d gSA
l{ke cuk,xkA
11 tqykbZ] 1974 dks bls ,d çeq[k iÙku ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA
fofHkUu eksckby ,Il dks çcafèkr djus esa mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks
;g rfeyukMq dk nwljk lcls cM+k iÙku vkSj Hkkjr dk gksus okyh vlqfoèkk dks de djrs gq, bldk mís'; fofHkUu
rhljk lcls cM+k daVsuj VfeZuy gSA oh-vks- fpnacjukj iÙku ljdkjh lsokvksa dk ykHk mBkus ds fy;s ou&LVkWi&lekèkku
,d Ñf=ke iÙku gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA dh lqfoèkk çnku djuk gSA
bl ,i esa miHkksDrkvksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; miHkksDrk gsYiykbu çeq[k gLr{ksiksa esa vk;ju vkSj iQksfyd ,flM vuqiwj.k]
'kkfey gSA MhofeZax@Ñfegj.k] o"kZ&Hkj dk xgu O;ogkj ifjorZu lapkj]
jk"Vªh; miHkksDrk gsYiykbu% tkx:drk c<kus] lykg nsus] vuqiwj.k ds vuqikyu esa lqèkkj] mfpr Hkkstu çFkkvksa dks
miHkksDrk f'kdk;rksa dk fuokj.k djus rFkk miHkksDrk f'kdk;rsa c<+kok nsuk] foyafcr dkWMZ DySafiax lqfuf'pr djuk] fMftVy
ntZ djus ds fy;s dsaæh; jftLVªh ds :i esa dk;Z djus gsrq ijh{k.k vkSj ,uhfe;k dk mipkj 'kkfey gSA
,d vyx iksVZy LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bl j.kuhfr esa xfj"B [kk| inkFkks± ds çkoèkku dks Hkh vfuok;Z
;g iksVZy miHkksDrkvksa ds chp muds vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk ds fd;k x;k gS] eysfj;k ,oa gheksXyksfcuksiSFkh ij è;ku nsus
fy;s mUgsa tkx:d djus vkSj mUgsa mudh f”kEesnkfj;ksa ds ds lkFk xSj&iks"k.k lacaèkh dkj.kksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk vkSj
ckjs esa lwfpr djus esa Hkh enn djrk gSA mipkj dks xfr çnku dh xbZ gSA
92. (c) vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA

O;k[;k% ,uhfe;k eqDr Hkkjr igy iks"k.k vfHk;ku dk fgLlk gS] ;g 93. (c)
Ng gLr{ksiksa vkSj Ng laLFkkxr ra=kksa ds ekè;e ls Ng ykHkkFkhZ
O;k[;k% lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1985&90) esa Rofjr [kk|kUu
lewgksa dks yf{kr djrh gSA
mRiknu] jks”kxkj l`tu vkSj mRikndrk esa o`f¼ ij ”kksj fn;k
x;kA fu;kstu ds ewy fl¼kar vFkkZr~ fodkl] vkèkqfudhdj.k]
vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj lkekftd U;k; ekxZn'kZd fl¼kar cus jgsA
xzkeh.k xjhcksa ds fy;s jks”kxkj Lo#i e”knwjh ds lkèkuksa dk
l`tu djus ds fy;s o"kZ 1989 esa tokgj jks”kxkj ;kstuk 'kq:
dh xbZ FkhA
u;s vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1992&97)
çkjaHk gqbZA Hkqxrku larqyu dk cqjh fLFkfr] mPp jktdks"kh;
?kkVs vkSj eqækLiQhfr dh vfLFkj nj dks ns[krs gq, vko';d
lajpukRed lek;kstu ,oa eSØks&fLFkjhdj.k uhfr;ksa dh
'kq#vkr ds lkFk vkfFkZd lqèkkj igys gh 'kq: fd;s tk pqds FksA
ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1997-2002): rc 'kq: dh xbZ
Fkh tc nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ foÙkh; ladV ds dkj.k
vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz :i ls eanh vkbZ FkhA
X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2007-2012)% bl ;kstuk esa
10% dh fodkl nj dk y{; j[kk x;k] vkSj lekos'kh
fodkl ds fopkj ij ”kksj fn;k x;kA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA

94. (c)
O;k[;k% Hkkjr [kfutksa ds ekeys esa iwjh rjg vFkok cM+s iSekus ij
vkRefuHkZj gS] buesa fo'ks"k dj os [kfut 'kkfey gSa tks yksgk
,oa bLikr] ,Y;wehfu;e] lhesaV] phuh feêðh vkèkkfjr fljsfed
vkSj dk¡p tSls m|ksxksa ds fy;s dPps lalkèkuksa ds :i esa dk;Z
djrs gSaA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa cPps (6&59 eghus)] fd'kksj] çtuu vk;q dh Hkkjr ckWDlkbV] ØksekbV] ykSg v;Ld] dk;ukbV] pwuk iRFkj]
efgyk,¡ vkSj xHkZorh@Lruiku djkus okyh efgyk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA flfyesukbV vkfn esa djhc&djhc vkRefuHkZj gSA bUgsa eq[;
:i ls LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyCèk [kfut dPps eky ds lkFk 97. (b)
feJ.k djus vkSj@;k [kfut vkèkkfjr mRiknksa dh fo'ks"k
O;k[;k% la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr lsuk esa Hkkjr }kjk lsok,¡ çnku djus dk
xq.koÙkk ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s fo'ks"k vko';drk dks iwjk djus
,d yack bfrgkl gS] Hkkjr us 'kq#vkr ls gh fdlh Hkh vU;
ds fy;s vk;kr fd;k tkrk gSA
ns'k dh rqyuk esa vfèkd dfeZ;ksa dk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA vkt
Hkkjr esa eSXuslkbV] eSaxuh”k v;Ld] jkWd iQkWLiQsV vkfn vYi
rd] o"kZ 1948 ls fo'oHkj esa LFkkfir 71 la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr
ek=kk esa gS] ftUgsa ?kjsyw ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy;s vk;kr fe'kuksa esa ls 49 esa 2,53,000 ls vfèkd Hkkjrh;ksa us viuh
fd;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; Lrj ij dfVax rFkk ikWfyf'kax m|ksx lsok,¡ nh gSaA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
}kjk fcuk dVs ghjs] iUuk vkSj vU; dherh iRFkjksa dh c<+rh orZeku esa] la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr fe'kuksa esa rSukr Hkkjrh; lSfudksa
ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy;s Hkkjr vius ewY;of¼Zr iqu% o iqfyl cyksa dh la[;k yxHkx 5,500, bl la[;k ds
fu;kZr ds fy;s dPps fcuk dVs iRFkjksa ds vk;kr ij fuHkZj vkèkkj ij Hkkjr lSU; ;ksxnku nsus okys ns'kksa esa ik¡pok¡ lcls
gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA cM+k ns'k gSA la;qDr jk"Vª ds 13 lfØ; 'kkafr fe'kuksa esa ls
95. (a) 8 esa 5,323 dfeZ;ksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ik¡pok¡ lcls cM+k lSU;
O;k[;k% eSØksbdkWukWfed oYujsfcfyVh baMsDl dh x.kuk ns'k ds ;ksxnkudÙkkZ gS] ftuesa ls 166 iqfyl dehZ gSaA vr% dFku
(1) lgh ugha gSA
jktdks"kh; ?kkVs] pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs vkSj [kqnjk eqækLiQhfr dks
feykdj dh tkrh gSA de la[;k dk vk'k; de Hks|rk gksrk Hkkjr la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr fe'kuksa ij efgyk dfeZ;ksa dks rSukrh
gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA gsrq Hkstrk jgk gSA o"kZ 2007 esa] Hkkjr la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr
eSØksbdkWukWfed oYujsfcfyVh baMsDl varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
fe'ku esa iw.kZ efgyk ny rSukr djus okyk igyk ns'k FkkA
(IMF) }kjk tkjh fd;k tkus okyk ,d okf"kZd lwpdkad gSA xfBr iqfyl bdkbZ us ykbcsfj;k esa 24 ?kaVs xkMZ MÔwVh çnku
;g ns'k dh eqækLiQhfr dh nj] pkyw [kkrk ?kkVk vkSj dh vkSj jktèkkuh eksujksfo;k esa jkf=k x'r dh] rFkk ykbcsfj;k
jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks la;ksftr djrk gSA bl lwpdkad dk iqfyl dh enn dhA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
ç;ksx fofHkUu ns'kksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA 98. (c)
96. (c) O;k[;k% vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (IIP) ,d fuf'pr vofèk ds
O;k[;k% foÙk o"kZ 2021 esa egkekjh ls çsfjr ladqpu ds i'pkr] nkSjku vkS|ksfxd mRiknksa ds mRiknu dh ek=kk esa ifjorZu dks
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us nks o"kks± esa 7 çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh ekius okyk ,d ladsrd gSA
jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;] lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u
o`f¼ ntZ dh vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2024 esa iqu% o`f¼ gh ntZ djus
dh vksj vxzlj gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA ea=kky; }kjk ekfld :i ls bldk ladyu ,oa çdk'ku
foÙk o"kZ 2023 dh igyh Nekgh dh rqyuk esa pkyw foÙk
djrs gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
o"kZ dh igyh Nekgh esa vFkZO;oLFkk okLrfod :i ls 7.6 ;g ,d lexz ladsrd gS tks fuEufyf[kr ds varxZr oxhZÑr
çfr'kr c<+h gSA m|ksx lewgksa dh fodkl nj dks ekirk gS%

Â O;kid {ks=k] vFkkZr~ [kuu] fofuekZ.k vkSj fo|qrA
vçR;kf'kr oSf'od ?kVukØeksa vkSj fodkl ds ,sfrgkfld
iSVuZ dks vyx dj nsa rks nwljh Nekgh esa orZeku o"kZ ds Â mi;ksx&vkèkkfjr {ks=k] vFkkZr~ cqfu;knh oLrq,¡] iwathxr
fy;s lexz fodkl nj Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad ds 7 çfr'kr ds oLrq,¡ vkSj eè;orhZ oLrq,¡A
vuqeku ls Hkh vfèkd gks ldrh gSA Â IIP ds fy;s vkèkkj o"kZ 2011&2012 gSA
jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; us vius igys vfxze vuqeku esa] IIP dk egÙo%
foÙk o"kZ 2024 esa Hkkjr dh okLrfod GDP 7.3 çfr'kr Â uhfr&fuekZ.k mís';ksa ds fy;s bldk mi;ksx foÙk ea=kky;]
c<+us dk vuqeku yxk;k gS] tks fofHkUu jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad vkfn lfgr ljdkjh vfHkdj.kksa }kjk
,tsafl;ksa }kjk fd;s x, iwokZuqeku ls vfèkd gSA fd;k tkrk gSA
FY22 vkSj FY24 ds chp Hkkjr dh okLrfod GDP vkSlru Â frekgh vkSj vfxze GDP (ldy ?kjsyw mRikn) vuqeku
7.9 çfr'kr c<+us dk vuqeku gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA dh x.kuk ds fy;s IIP csgn çklafxd gSA
vkB çeq[k {ks=k% ygj@Ba< ls tqM+h vkinkvksa ds fy;s jkgr dk;ks± dk vuqoh{k.k
Â vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad esa vkB çeq[k {ks=kksa dk Hkkjkad djrk gS] tcfd 'ks"k çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dh fuxjkuh x`g
40.27% gSA ea=kky; }kjk dh tkrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
Â vkB çeq[k {ks=k ds m|ksx] vius Hkkjkad ds ?kVrs Øe 100. (b)
esa% fjiQkbujh mRikn > fo|qr > bLikr > dks;yk > dPpk
O;k[;k% Hkkjr fo'oHkj esa js'ke dk nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd gSA
rsy > çkÑfrd xSl > lhesaV > moZjdA vr% dFku (2)
;g m|ksx ns'k esa lcls vfèkd fons'kh eqæk vftZr djus okys
lgh gSA
m|ksxksa esa ls ,d gSA Hkkjr esa pkj çdkj ds çkÑfrd js'ke dk
99. (a) mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS% 'kgrwr] ,jh] rlj vkSj eqxkA vr%
O;k[;k% dsaæ ljdkj us vkink çcaèku vfèkfu;e] 2005 dh èkkjk dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
46(1)(b) ds vuqlkj jk"Vªh; vkink çfrfØ;k dks"k (NDRF) ns'k esa çeq[k js'ke mRiknd jkT; vkaèkz çns'k] vle] fcgkj]
esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr vFkok laLFkk ls ;ksxnku@lgk;rk çkIr djus xqtjkr] tEew vkSj d'ehj] dukZVd] NÙkhlx<+] egkjk"Vª]
dh vuqefr nh gSA rfeyukMq] mÙkj çns'k ,oa if'pe caxky gSaA o"kZ 2022&23
o"kZ 2005 esa vkink çcaèku vfèkfu;e ds vfèkfu;eu ds ds nkSjku ns'k ds dqy js'ke mRiknu esa dukZVd dk ;ksxnku
lkFk jk"Vªh; vkink vkdfLedrk fufèk (NCCF) dk uke yxHkx 32.3% FkkA blds ckn vkaèkz çns'k dk LFkku jgk]
cnydj jk"Vªh; vkink çfrfØ;k fufèk (NDRF) dj fn;k ftldh o"kZ 2022&23 ds nkSjku dqy js'ke mRiknu esa
x;kA fgLlsnkjh 26.0% FkhA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
bls vkink çcaèku vfèkfu;e] 2005 (DM vfèkfu;e) dh
èkkjk 46 esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
bls Hkkjr ljdkj ds ¶lkoZtfud [kkrs¸ esa ¶C;kt jfgr
vkjf{kr fufèk¸ ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA vr% dFku (1)
lgh gSA
fdlh Hkh [krjukd fLFkfr vFkok vkink ds nkSjku lgk;rk
çnku djus gsrq vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k] jkgr vkSj iquokZl
ds [kpks± dks iwjk djus ds fy;s dsaæ ljdkj }kjk bldk
çcaèku fd;k tkrk gSA
xaHkhj çÑfrd vkink dh fLFkfr esa rFkk SDRF esa i;kZIr
èkujkf'k miyCèk u gksus dh fLFkfr esa jkT; vkink çfrfØ;k
dks"k (SDRF) ds fy;s iwjd ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA
vuqoh{k.k% Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; ds rgr Ñf"k
,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx lw[ks] vksyko`f"V] dhV geyk vkSj 'khr vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA


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flfoy lsok (izkjafHkd) VsLV lhjhT+k&2024

tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

le; % nks ?k.Vs iw.kk±d % 200

tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

4- ¶eksesaVe bUosfLVax¸ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldks lanfHkZr

1. CAF ou Hkwfe ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lsokvksa ds

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

Time Allowed : Two Hours Maximum Marks : 200

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

TEST BOOKLET SERIES

13 (a) 38 (a) 63 (d) 88 (b)

14 (b) 39 (a) 64 (a) 89 (c)

O;k[;k bZ&os fcy] bZ&os fcy iksVZy ij eky dh vkoktkgh ds fy;s

 vFkZ'kkL=kh vkerkSj ij lykg nsrs gSa fd ljdkj dk y{; Â ekalA

U;wure ;k 'kwU; çkFkfed ?kkVk gksuk pkfg;sA ;g j.kuhfr Â vuktA

41. (b) vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

O;k[;k% ukxfjdksa dks muds njok”ks ij U;k; rd igq¡p çnku djus

 fuokZpuksa dk lapkyu fu;e] 1961 esa la'kksèku fd;k x;k] jktLo ls

55. (a) (o"kZ 1994 esa viuk;k x;k)A

esa eSaxzkso doj esa 17 oxZ fdeh- dh o`f¼

rhu jkT; vksfM'kk (8 oxZ fdeh-) gS]a blds

Â DOM ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa] Hkkjr ds Mhi vks'ku Â nf{k.kh egklkxj vfHk;ku

le;&le; ij fuxjkuh djuk] çkÑfrd vkSj ekuotfur bl çdkj gS%

çns'k dk xBuA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA

O;k[;k% m|ksx esa] gkbMªkstu laHkkfor :i ls ykSg vkSj bLikr mRiknu

çfr'kr c<+h gSA m|ksx lewgksa dh fodkl nj dks ekirk gS%

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vFkZ'kkL=kh vkerkSj ij lykg nsrs gSa fd ljdkj dk y{; Â ekalA

fuokZpuksa dk lapkyu fu;e] 1961 esa la'kksèku fd;k x;k] jktLo ls

le;≤ ij fuxjkuh djuk] çkÑfrd vkSj ekuotfur bl çdkj gS%