Stoichiometry And Stoichiometric

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Summary
A chemical equation can be divided into two parts. The reactants appear
on the left-side of the equation. The products appear on the right side of
the equation.

Law of Conservation of Mass states that in all physical and chemical

changes, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the
products.

A chemical equations in which the number of atoms of each element in

reactants side is equal products side, called a balanced chemical
equation.

Ex: Given balanced equation for the reaction of combustion of propane.

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Carbon -3 atoms Carbon -3 atoms

Hydrogen -8 atoms Hydrogen -8 atoms
Oxygen -10 atoms Oxygen -10 atoms

Steps to be followed in balancing a chemical equation:

 Write the chemical formula for the reactants and products.
 Balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the
equation.

A balanced equation is useful in determing the quantitative relationship

between the reactants and products in terms of number of moles,
molecules, atomic masses and volumes. The calculation of quantitative
relationships of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical
reaction is known as ‘stoichiometry’.

The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation are called

stoichiometry coefficients. The concentration of a solution can be
expalined through four methods. They are mass percent, mole fraction,
molarity and molality.

The mass percent of a solution is determined by dividing the mass of the

solute by the mass of the solution and multiplying it by hundred.
Mass Percentage = Mass of Solute / Mass of Solution x 100

Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of a particular component to

the total number of moles of the solution.

Mole fraction = number of moles of component/ total number of moles

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute in one litre of

solution.

Molarity (M) = No. of moles of solute / Volume of solution in litres

Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of a solute present in 1 kg

of solvent.

Molarity (m) = No. of moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg

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References
LearnNext - Stoichiometry And Stoichiometric
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Chemwiki - Stoichiometry And Stoichiometric
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Prenhall - Stoichiometry And Stoichiometric
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