MẸO LÀM CÂU HỎI LIÊN TỪ

BY PHƯỢNG HUYỀN
A. Liên từ kết hợp
- nối 2 từ/cụm từ/ mệnh đề tương đương
fanboys
f for
a and
n nor
b but
o or
y yet
s so

A And – But/ Yet – Or B

(A,B cùng chức năng ngữ pháp, ví dụ: cùng là tính từ, danh từ…)
She is beautiful and smart.
He is handsome but mean.
B. Liên từ tương hỗ (theo cặp)
Nối 2 cụm từ tương đương
both A and B cả A và B Both he and I are engineers.
either A or B hoặc A hoặc B The book must be either in my briefcase or on the
table.
neither A nor B không A cũng không B Jim neither knows her nor wants to get to know
her.
not only A but (also) B không những A mà còn B The gift shop not only offered discounts but also
gave away small souvenirs.
not A but B không phải A mà là B Payroll is located not on the first floor but near the
elevator in the basement.
A as well as B A cũng như B Jack as well as his son loves baseball.

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 C. LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC
1. Liên từ thời gian + Mệnh đề
until cho đến tận He was not allowed to play until he had done his homework.
before trước They lit the candles before they turned out the lights.
when khi When the director came into the room, we was shocked.
while trong khi My mom was watching TV while my dad was cleaning the floor.
since từ khi I haven’t met him since I left university.
after sau khi They left the room after she told them the truth.
once sau khi I will call them once I reach the airport.
as soon as ngay khi They stopped working as soon as the manager left.

2. Liên từ chỉ điều kiện

Liên từ này có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng giữa nối 2 mệnh đề
if nếu If you want to make and order, please press 1.
unless (= if …not) nếu không/ trừ khi Let’s go to the movie tomorrow unless you have other plans.
as long as
providing (that)
You can use my car as long as you take good care of it.
provided (that) miễn là/
You will get a discount providing you purchase two sets.
supposing (that) với điều kiện là
Refunds are offered only if purchases are returned within two weeks.
assuming (that)
on condition that
in case (that)
trong trường hợp Call the bank immediately in case that your credit card is stolen.
in the event (that)
Whether (…or) Liệu rằng
I was wondering whether he would come or not.
Whether (… or not)

3. Liên từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ: nối 2 điều đối lập nhau trong cùng 1 câu.
Liên từ này có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng giữa nối 2 mệnh đề
although/ though/ even if/ even mặc dù Although he promised to come early, he was late again.
though
whereas, while trong khi While Tom is good at science, his brother is hopeless.

4. Liên từ chỉ lý do:

because/ as/since bởi vì đứng đầu câu, You should ask Mr. Carter since he is the expert.
in that/ now that giữa 2 mệnh đề Now that we are all here, let’s begin the meeting.
seeing that
given that

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 5. Liên từ chỉ mục đích
So that để (mục đích) đứng giữa He made changes in the presentation so that it
in order that could be more easily understood.

6. Liên từ chỉ sự nhấn mạnh

so/ such…that rất….đến nỗi đứng giữa Mike was so tired that he fell asleep in the
library.
It was such a clear day that we could see the
far mountains.

7. Liên từ mang nghĩa “Ngoại trừ”

except (that) ngoại trừ đứng giữa I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed
the money.

8. Các trạng từ nối (conjunctive adverbs) + mệnh đề

therefore Vì vậy đứng giữa câu The economy is in deep recession; therefore, the
thus (chỉ kết quả) competition for jobs will increase dramatically.
hence
consequently
otherwise nếu không thì đứng giữa You will have to leave now; otherwise, you may
miss your train.
however tuy nhiên đứng giữa We checked the figures closely. However, the
nevertheless supervisor found some mistakes.
nonetheless
furthermore hơn nữa đứng giữa I am busy; furthermore, I don’t want to see you.
moreover
besides bên cạnh đó, đứng giữa I don’t really want to go. Besides, it’s too late
hơn nữa now.

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 Lưu ý 1:
Liên từ chỉ sự giả định: as if, as though KHÔNG là đáp án đúng trong bài thi TOEIC.
He behaved as if he was my father.

Lưu ý 2:
Conjunctions (+ clause) Prepositions (+ Noun/ Gerund)
Liên từ + mệnh đề Giới từ + Danh/ Ving
while during trong khi/trong suốt
by the time, until by, until cho đến tận
after, before following, after, before sau khi
once, as soon as on/ upon + V-ing ngay khi
unless without nếu không có
in case (that), in the event (that) in case of, in the event of trong trường hợp
although, though, despite, in spite of mặc dù
even though, while
because, as, since, now that because of, due to, owing to bởi vì
so that, in order that so as to, in order to + V để mà
except that, but that except (for), but (for) trừ, ngoại trừ

Lưu ý 3:
PHÂN LOẠI CÂU HỎI LIÊN TỪ
1. Nếu phân loại theo vị trí chỗ cần điền thì có 2 loại:
- Vị trí cần điền đầu câu:
- Vị trí cần điền nằm giữa câu

2. Nếu phân loại theo đáp án thường có 2 loại:

- Đáp án chỉ chứa liên từ
- Đáp án chứa cả giới từ và liên từ

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 1. ------proficiency in German would be of much help, 8. It is important to look through the documents -
it is not a requirement for the advertised position. ----- that everyone in charge can know at which
a) A. Otherwise stage they should be completed.
b) B. Despite A. concerning
c) C. Due to B. so
D. Although
C. over
2. ------ none of the participants has showed any
D. since
interest, numerous outdoor activities have to be
9. Passengers will get to their destination on
cancelled.
time ------ our departure time is a little late due to
A. Whether
a mechanical problem.
B. Since
A. as if
C. For
B. because
D. Which
C. while
3. ------ we are under a tight deadline on product
D. even though
delivery, we will have to ask for assistance from other
10. The first draft of workshop proposals was
departments.
due yesterday, ------ the director has granted us
A. Moreover
a short extension to our surprise.
B. Therefore
A. since
C. Because
B. otherwise
D. Nevertheless
C. although
4. ------ searching for long-term economic growth, the
D. but
government intends to study immediate solutions to
11. Employees who participate in this training
avoid severe criticism from the public.
program can learn a great deal about
A. According to
themselves as well as experience in ------
B. However
personal and profession growth.
C. Because
A. every
D. Instead of
B. either
5. We want you to be aware that we’re doing our
C. both
utmost, ------ we will not be able to provide you with a
D. Whether
personalized experience on our website.
12. You are advised to contact us immediately --
A. in spite of
---- technical problems with your computer
B. despite
system don’t seem to be resolved.
C. so as
A. why
D. though
B. due to
6. If you want to purchase a lower priced ticket, either
C. if
contact us though regular mail ------ call our hotline
D. about
and then we will send you an application immediately.
13. More efforts to accomplish the objectives for
A. or
reducing costs have been made ------ they were
B. nor
set out at the beginning of this year.
C. neither
A. if
D. both
B. how
7. ------ all the alterations to plan have been approved,
C. since
they should be submitted to the appropriate office no
D. than
later than the end of the month.
14. You are advised to check documents related
A. Like
to the continuation of health insurance coverage
B. Unless
------ leaving your current job.
C. Once A. before
D. Despite B. until
C. therefore
D. because

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15. ------ the first session has been successfully 23. You can attend the lecture ----- in the
completed, the subsequent topics won’t be afternoon or at night.
difficult to understand. A. unless
A. Once B. both
B. Despite C. either
C. Nevertheless D. without
D. Still 24. Ferry service starts at six in the morning, ----
16. We can offer conference rooms, food it continues until ten at night.
services, and lodging, ------ you are here for A. such
corporate workshops or need to host a meeting. B. and
A. That C. either
B. Even D. with
C. Should 25. Mr. Sanders will arrive early in the morning -
D. Whether --- that he can see as many of the facilities as
17. ------ we find a comprehensive approach to possible before his plane leaves in the
dealing with traffic congestion, it will continue to afternoon.
worsen. A. so
A. Except B. concerning
B. Unless C. over
C. Also D. since
D. Therefore 26. I need to know whether you want to drive
18. Shipping details will be entered into the yourself to the airport ---- have someone drop
computer ------ we have received the you off there instead.
authorization. A. so
A. Once B. and
B. Sometimes C. nor
C. Whoever D. or
D. Unless 27. ---- a proposal is accepted, then both parties
19. ------ most workers are working must sign a contract before a professional
collaboratively, it looks like they will fail to meet relationship can actually begin.
the deadline. A. Like
A. Whether B. Once
B. Even if C. Unless
C. So that D. Despite
D. Nonetheless 28. The marketing team was supposed to arrive
20.------ admission to performances is free, before lunch, ----- bad traffic caused them to be
theater enthusiasts are encouraged to donate late by over two hours.
money to show their support. A. but
A. Despite B. beyond
B. While C. until
C. Except D. that
D. Equally 29. I’m planning be out of town next week, ----
21.------ the concert finished late, the audience you don’t have to complete that report until I
still waited for me. return from my business trip.
A. Nevertheless A. so
B. Although B. furthermore
C. Still C. as
D. However D. although
22.--- the new Blanco brand of paints met all 30. We are currently recruiting applicants for
government standards for safety, it is still toxic positions at ---- our domestic and international
if ingested. offices.
A. In spite of A. so
B. Even though B. neither
C. Whatever C. either
D. Moreover D. both

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ANSWER KEYS:

1. D 11. C 21. B
2. B 12. C 22. B
3. C 13. C 23. C
4. D 14. A 24. B
5. D 15. A 25. A
6. A 16. D 26. D
7. C 17. B 27. B
8. B 18. A 28. A
9. D 19. B 29. A
10. D 20. B 30. D