HISTORY AND OVERVIEW

HISTOR OF
EMBEDD SYSTEMS
MODULE 1
 WHAT IS
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS?

It is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor,

computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has
a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical
system. It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems
control many devices in common use today.
DETAILED HISTORY OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Early
1940s-
Embedded
1950s
Systems
1946: ENIAC computer used for
military calculations during
WWII, an early example of an
embedded system.
1958: Minuteman missile
guidance system used an
embedded computer for missile
control.
1960: Hughes Aircraft MB-1
computer employed in F-4
Phantom II fighter jets for
navigation and weapons control.
Integrated
1960s Circuits and
Miniaturization
1961: Charles Stark Draper
Fire integrated circuits for
develops
the Apollo Guidance Computer
(AGC), reducing size and weight.
1965: Autonetics develops the D-
17B, an early embedded system for
the Minuteman missile guidance
system.
1968: General Motors releases the
first embedded system for a
vehicle, enhancing automotive
control and performance.
DETAILED HISTORY OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Microcontrollers Specialized
1970s and 1980s Embedded Operating
Accessibility Systems

1971: Texas Instruments 1987: Release of

develops the first Fire
VxWorks, the first
microcontroller, making
embedded systems more embedded operating
affordable and accessible. system, streamlining
complex embedded system
Proliferation of embedded
systems across various
development.
applications, including
consumer electronics and
industrial automation.
DETAILED HISTORY OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Windows Embedded
1990s and Embedded
Linux
1996: Microsoft releases
Windows Embedded CE, suited for
rich graphical user interfaces
in embedded systems.
Embedded Linux systems emerge
in the 1990s, gaining
popularity in industrial
automation, networking, and
consumer electronics.
Embedded Systems in
2000s Consumer
Electronics and IoT
Rapid growth in embedded systems'
use Fire
in consumer electronics,
powering smartphones, tablets, and
portable devices.
Proliferation of embedded systems
in IoT devices, including smart
thermostats, lights, and wearables.
Rapid growth in embedded systems'
use in consumer electronics,
powering smartphones, tablets, and
portable devices.
Proliferation of embedded systems
in IoT devices, including smart
thermostats, lights, and wearables.
DETAILED HISTORY OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
The main differences between
the early embedded systems
and the AGC are size,
weight, power consumption,
and reliability. The AGC was
much smaller, lighter, and
more power-efficient than
the early embedded systems.
It was also much more
reliable, which was
essential for a mission-
critical application like
space travel.
Differences over the years
Overall, the history of
embedded systems is a
story of continuous
Fire
innovation and
improvement. Embedded
systems have become
smaller, faster, and more
reliable over the years,
and they are now used in a
wide range of
applications.
 ADVANCEMENTS AND
IMPACTS OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
Advancements:
In the world of embedded systems, many important events have
occurred since the release of the AGC. In 1973, a revolution
began when Intel introduced the first microprocessor, which
brought small computing devices into various applications. By the
2000s, embedded computers had become common in everyday life.

Impacts:
Embedded systems, evolving since 1965's AGC, transformed our
lives. They brought us smartphones, efficient appliances, and new
job opportunities. But they also posed cybersecurity challenges.
In summary, embedded systems are pivotal in technology
advancement and daily living.
 Microcontroller vs.
Microprocessor
Microcontroller vs.
Microprocessor and their
Significance in Embedded
Systems.' In the world of
embedded systems, the
SIGNIFICANCE OF choice between a
MICROCONTROLLER/M microcontroller and a
ICROPROCESSOR TO microprocessor is pivotal.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS These two processing units
play distinct roles, and
understanding their
differences is essential
for designing efficient and
effective embedded systems.
 MICROCONTROLLER
What is a Microcontroller?
- A microcontroller is a compact integrated
circuit (IC) that contains a processor core,
memory, and input/output peripherals. It is
designed to execute specific tasks and
control various functions in embedded
systems, making it a key component in
numerous electronic devices. Microcontrollers
play a crucial role in controlling the
behavior of various electronic devices and
systems. They are versatile components used
in diverse applications, allowing for the
automation, monitoring, and control of a wide
array of processes and functions in the
modern world.
 What is a Microprocesso?
MICROPROCESSOR - microprocessor is a central processing unit
(CPU) designed to execute instructions and
perform calculations in a general-purpose
manner. It serves as the brain of a computer
or electronic device and is responsible for
executing program instructions and managing
data processing. A microprocessor is a
versatile and general-purpose CPU designed
for tasks that require computational power,
flexibility, and the ability to run complex
software applications. It is commonly found
in personal computers, servers, smartphones,
and many other computing devices where
general-purpose computing and multitasking
are essential.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROCONTROLLERS
IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• pecialization: Microcontrollers are purpose-built for
membedded systems, meaning they are tailored to perform
specific tasks efficiently. This specialization allows
them to excel in applications where dedicated control and
processing are needed.

• Integration: Microcontrollers integrate essential

components, including a CPU, memory (both ROM and RAM),
and various peripherals (e.g., timers, GPIO, UART, ADC)
on a single chip. This integration reduces the need for
external components and simplifies the design of embedded
systems.
SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROCONTROLLERS
IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

• Low Power Consumption: Many microcontrollers are

optimized for low power consumption. They can
operate on minimal power, making them suitable for
battery-powered devices and applications where
energy efficiency is crucial, such as IoT devices
and remote sensors.
• Real-Time Control: Microcontrollers are well-
suited for real-time control applications, where
precise and immediate responses to input or
environmental changes are required. Examples
include automotive control systems, robotics, and
industrial automation.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROCONTROLLERS
IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

• Cost-Effectiveness: Microcontrollers are cost-effective

solutions because they eliminate the need for multiple
discrete components. Their affordability makes them ideal
for mass production and cost-sensitive applications.
• Processing Power: Microprocessors offer significantly
higher processing power compared to microcontrollers.
This additional processing power is essential for
applications that require complex computations, extensive
data processing, or running sophisticated algorithms.
Examples include image processing, multimedia
applications, and high-performance control systems.
• Operating Systems: Microprocessors can run full-fledged
operating systems, such as Linux or Windows
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Low time required for
performing operation.
• It is easy to use,
troubleshooting and system
maintenance is
straightforward.
• At an equivalent time, many
tasks are often performed
therefore the human effect
are often saved.
• Processor chip is extremely
small and adaptability
occurs.
DISASVANTAGES
• It is generally utilized in
micro equipment.
• It has a complex structure.
• Microcontroller cannot
interface a better power
device directly.
• Number of executions is
limited.
• As every Microcontrollers
does not have analog I/O so
there are issues rela.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Cost and size of the system
is less.
• Microcontroller is
straightforward to interface
additional RAM, ROM, and I/O
port.
• Once microcontroller is
programmed then they can’t be
reprogrammed.
• If the digital parts were
not present it will look like
a microcomputer.
DISASVANTAGES
• Microcontrollers are
composed of complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor
(CMOS) and can be damaged
by a static charge.
• Limited processing power:
Microcontrollers are
generally less powerful
than other types of
computer chips, which can
limit their ability to
handle more complex tasks.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Small size:
Microcontrollers are small
and compact, which makes them
well-suited for use in small
electronic devices and
systems.
• Low power consumption:
Microcontrollers are designed
to be energy-efficient, which
can extend the battery life
of electronic devices and
systems.
DISASVANTAGES
• Limited memory:
Microcontrollers typically
have limited memory capacity,
which can limit the size and
complexity of programs that
can be run on them.
• Limited connectivity:
Microcontrollers may not have
the ability to connect to
external networks or devices,
which can limit their
functionality.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISASVANTAGES
• Cost-effective: • Limited software
Microcontrollers are generally
less expensive than other types support:
of computer chips, which can Microcontrollers may
make them a cost-effective
have limited software
choice for manufacturers.
• Real-time processing: support compared to
Microcontrollers are designed to other types of computer
perform real-time processing,
which is important for devices
chips, which can make
that require rapid response programming and
times, such as in automotive and
development more
aerospace applications.
challenging.
THANK YOU!

MODULE 1: GROUP 1