Chapter 4«Weather»-

Introduction- Source of
Weather Information-
Supplementary Information
Designed by: Medvedev
Timur / Narbulatov Ilyas
Checked by: Yussupov N.T
Introduction
What is the Atmosphere?
The earth’s atmosphere is like a fluid by the way it moves and is affected
by objects on the surface. It can however be expanded and contracted
due to the pressures of the gasses.

Only one to four percent of the atmosphere is moisture, fundamentally

speaking, everything that happens in the atmosphere is a function of
temperature and moisture.
Atmospheric Flow
Air masses are large
bodies of air that have
the same moisture and
temperature
characteristics. These
characteristics will
determine the kind of
weather that can be
expected and produce
interactions with other
 Aviation Weather Based on:

Temperature
Moistur
e

Density Pressure
 QNH - The pressure set on the subscale of
the altimeter so that the instrument
indicates its height above sea level. The
altimeter will read runway elevation when
the aircraft is on the runway.
QFE - The pressure set on the subscale of
the altimeter so that the instrument
indicates its height above the reference
elevation being used. In the PANS-OPS Doc
8400, see Q-Codes, QFE is referred to as
“Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome
elevation .
QNE is different to the other altimetry Q
codes in that it is an altitude not a
pressure. (ISA).

With Standard Pressure (1013.2 mb) set, an aircraft altimeter indicates Pressure Altitude (Flight Level), and is used by all
aircraft operating above the transition altitude to provide a common datum for vertical measurement. The Standard Pressure
is equivalent to the air pressure at mean sea level (MSL) in the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) (ISA).
Questions
1) What is the atmosphere? (The earth’s atmosphere is like a fluid by the way it moves and is
affected by objects on the surface.)
2) How many layers of the atmosphere? (5, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere, exosphere)
3) What is the height of the stratosphere? ( 12-50 km)
4) What is QNH? (The pressure set on the subscale of the altimeter so that the instrument
indicates its height above sea level)
5) What is “ISA” - international standart atmosphere. “ISA” conditions (air pressure at mean sea
level at a temperature of 15 °C is 1013 mbar, the temperature decreases vertically with an
increase in altitude of 2 °C per 1000 ft to a level of 36000ft (symbolic height of the beginning of
the tropopause), where the temperature becomes -56.5 °C and almost stops changing.)