Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thomas Calculus Early Transcendentals 14th Edition Hass Test Bank instant download all chapter
Thomas Calculus Early Transcendentals 14th Edition Hass Test Bank instant download all chapter
Thomas Calculus Early Transcendentals 14th Edition Hass Test Bank instant download all chapter
https://testbankdeal.com/product/thomas-calculus-early-
transcendentals-14th-edition-hass-solutions-manual/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/thomas-calculus-early-
transcendentals-13th-edition-thomas-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/university-calculus-early-
transcendentals-3rd-edition-hass-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/thomas-calculus-early-
transcendentals-13th-edition-thomas-solutions-manual/
Thomas Calculus 14th Edition Hass Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/thomas-calculus-14th-edition-
hass-solutions-manual/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/university-calculus-early-
transcendentals-3rd-edition-hass-solutions-manual/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/university-calculus-elements-
with-early-transcendentals-1st-edition-hass-solutions-manual/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/calculus-early-
transcendentals-8th-edition-stewart-test-bank/
https://testbankdeal.com/product/calculus-early-
transcendentals-7th-edition-stewart-test-bank/
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
∫
2x
1) dx
x-4
4 4 4
A) x + 4(x - 8) + C B) 3(x - 4)3/2 + C C) x - 4(x + 8) + C D) (x - 4)3/2 + C
3 3 3
Answer: C
∫ x ln x6 dx
1
2)
1 1
A) ln x6 + C B) ln(ln x6 ) + C C) ln(ln x6 ) + C D) ln x6 + C
6 6
Answer: C
∫ x+2
x + 10
3) dx
A) x + 8 ln x + 2 + C B) (x2 /2 + 10x) ln x + 2 + C
8
C) x + 12 ln x + 2 + C D) - +C
(x + 2)2
Answer: A
t4 ln (t5 + 4)
4) ∫ t5 + 4
dt
Answer: D
∫x
dx
5)
49x2 - 16
1 7 7 7 7 7 1 7
A) sin-1 x + C B) sin-1 x + C C) sec-1 x + C D) sec-1 x + C
7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Answer: D
6) ∫cos4 θ sin 2θ dθ
1 2 2 1
A) - cos6 θ + C B) - cos7 θ + C C) cos4 θ + C D) cos5 θ + C
3 7 5 6
Answer: A
∫
3x - 1
7) dx
3x - 1
9 3 2
A) x 3x + x + C B) x x + 3x + C C) x 3x + x + C D) 2x2+ x + C
2 2 3
Answer: C
1
∫ sec θ - tan θ dθ
sec θ
8)
∫
dx
9)
2
x - 6x - 7
x+3 x-3 x-6 1 x-3
A) sin-1 +C B) sin-1 +C C) sin-1 +C D) tan-1 +C
4 4 4 4 4
Answer: B
∫
4+x
10) dx
16 - x2
x x
A) sin-1 - 2 16 - x2 + C B) 4 sin-1 - 16 - x2 + C
16 4
1 x 1 x
C) tan-1 + 16 - x2 + C D) 4 tan-1 - 16 - x2 + C
4 4 2 4
Answer: B
e3 ln3 (x3)
11) ∫ x
dx
1
2187 19683 2187 3
A) 3e9 B) C) D) e
4 4 4
Answer: B
∫ x2 + 6x + 25
dx
12)
1 x+3 x+3
A) tan-1 +C B) 4 tan-1 +C
4 4 4
1 -1 x + 3
C) (2x + 6) ln x2 + 6x + 25 + C D) sin +C
4 4
Answer: A
14) Find the length of the curve y = ln(sin x), π/3 ≤ x ≤ π/2
A) ln( 3) B) ln(2 3) C) 1 - ln( 3) D) ln( 3 + 1)
Answer: A
2
15) Find the volume generated by revolving the curve y = cos 5x about the x-axis, 0 ≤ x ≤ π/12
π 1 π2 π π2 π π2
A) + B) + C) + D)
24 8 24 12 24 8 24
Answer: C
16) ∫cos-1 x dx
1
A) x cos-1x - +C B) x cos-1 x - 2 1 - x2 + C
1 - x2
C) x cos-1x - 1 - x2 + C D) x cos-1 x + 1 - x2 + C
Answer: C
17) ∫x csc2 3x dx
1 1
A) - 3x cot 3x + 9 ln sin 3x + C B) x cot 3x - ln sin 3x + C
3 9
1 1
C) - x cot 3x + ln sin 3x + C D) - x cot 3x + ln sin 3x + C
3 9
Answer: D
∫ 20x cos 2 x dx
1
20)
1 1 1 1
A) 20 sin x + 40x cos x+C B) 20x sin x - 40 cos x+C
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
C) 40x sin x + 80 cos x+C D) 80 sin x - 40x cos x+C
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
3
∞
21) ∫ e-x cos 4 x dx
0
4 1
A) B) C) Diverges D) 1
17 17
Answer: B
1/7
24) ∫ y tan-1 7y dy (Give your answer in exact form.)
0
π 1 1 π 1 π 1
A) - B) C) - D) -
196 98 196 4 2 392 98
Answer: A
26) ∫8xex dx
A) xex - 8ex + C B) 8ex - 8xex + C C) 8xex - 8ex + C D) 8ex - ex + C
Answer: C
4
27) ∫e2x x2 dx
1 2 2x 1 1 2 2x 1 2x 1 2x
A) x e - xe2x + e2x + C B) x e - xe + e + C
2 4 2 2 4
1 2 2x 1 2x 1 2x 1 2 2x 1 2x
C) x e - xe + e + C D) x e - xe + C
2 4 4 2 2
Answer: B
28) ∫x2 ln 9x dx
1 3 1 3 1
A) ln 9x - x +C B) x ln 9x - x3 + C
3 3 9
1 3 1 1 3 1 4
C) x ln 9x + x3 + C D) x ln 9x - x +C
3 9 3 12
Answer: B
4
29) ∫ 3x ln x dx
2
A) 20.1 B) 4.74 C) 26.1 D) 6.70
Answer: A
3
30) ∫ ln 5x dx
1
A) 14.4 B) 4.51 C) -3.49 D) 8.51
Answer: B
2
31) ∫ x3 ln 9x dx
0
A) 10.56 B) 10.76 C) -1.11 D) 12.56
Answer: A
5
34) ∫(x2 - 3x) ex dx
1 3 x 3 2 x
A) x e - x e +C B) ex[x2 - 3x + 3] + C
3 2
C) ex[x2 - 5x - 5] + C D) ex[x2 - 5x + 5] + C
Answer: D
∫2 e
1 7x + 8 dx
37)
7x + 8 1
A) e 7x + 8 + C B) e 7x + 8 [ 7x + 8 - 7] + C
7 7
1
C) (7x + 8) e 7x + 8 + C D) e 7x + 8 [ 7x + 8 - 1] + C
7
Answer: D
38) ∫x2 x + 17 dx
x2
39) ∫ x2 + 13
dx
x 13 3x 13
A) x2 + 13 + ln (x + x2 + 13) + C B) x2 + 13 + ln (x + x2 + 13) + C
2 2 2 2
x 13 3x 13
C) x2 + 13 - ln (x + x2 + 13) + C D) x2 + 13 - ln (x + x2 + 13) + C
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
6
40) ∫ ln 2x 2 dx
A) x ln 2x 2 - 2x ln 2x + 2x + C B) x ln 2x 2 + 2x ln 2x - 2x + C
C) x ln 2x 2 - x ln 2x + x + C D) x ln 2x 2 - 2x ln 2x + C
Answer: A
43) ∫x 2 - x dx
2 2 2 4
A) - x(2 - x)3/2 - (2 - x)5/2 + C B) - x(2 - x)3/2 + (2 - x)5/2 + C
3 5 3 15
2 4 2 4
C) - x(2 - x)3/2 - (2 - x)5/2 + C D) x(2 - x)3/2 + (2 - x)5/2 + C
3 15 3 15
Answer: C
Evaluate the integral. The integral may not require integration by parts.
∫ x3
ln x
45) dx
1 1 4
A) - ln x - +C B) +C
2x2 4x2 x5
1 1 1 1
C) - ln x - +C D) - ln x - +C
2 2x2 x 4x2
Answer: A
7
46) ∫x2ex3 dx
x 3 x3 1 x3 1 x2
A) e +C B) 3ex3 + C C) e +C D) e +C
3 3 2
Answer: C
49) Find the area of the region enclosed by y = 5x sin x and the x-axis for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.
5
A) π B) 5π C) π D) 10π
2
Answer: B
50) Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = x sin x and the x-axis for 5π ≤ x ≤ 6π.
A) 10π B) 11π C) 0 D) 10
Answer: B
9 11
51) Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = x cos x and the x-axis for π ≤ x≤ π.
2 2
A) 11π B) 9 C) 10π D) 9π
Answer: C
52) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the curve y = ln x, the x-axis, and
the vertical line x = e2 about the x-axis.
A) π(e2 - 1) B) π(e - 1) C) π e D) 2π(e2 - 1)
Answer: D
53) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the curve y = 4cos x and the x-axis,
π 3π
≤x≤ , about the x-axis.
2 2
A) 16π B) 8π2 C) 16π2 D) 8π3
Answer: B
54) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by y = ex and the
x-axis, from x = 0 to x = ln 3, about the y-axis.
A) 3πln 3 B) 2π(3ln 3 - 2) C) 6πln 3 D) 2π(3ln 3 - 3)
Answer: B
8
55) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by the coordinate
axes, the curve y = ex, and the line x = ln 5 about the line x = ln 5.
A) 2π(4 - ln 5) B) 2π(5 - ln 6) C) 2π(4 + ln 5) D) 2π(5 - ln 5)
Answer: A
56) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by the coordinate
axes, the curve y = e-2x, and the line x = 6 about the y-axis.
1 1 1 1
A) π(1 - 11 e-12) B) - π(1 + 13 e-12) C) π(1 - 12 e-12) D) π(1 - 13 e-12)
2 2 2 2
Answer: D
57) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis and
the curve y = sin 6x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π/6 about the line x = π/6.
π2 1 2 1 2 1
A) B) π C) π -π D) π
36 18 18 18
Answer: B
58) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis and
the curve y = x cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π/2 about the y-axis.
π3 π2 π3 π3
A) + 2π2 - 4π B) - 4π C) - 4π D) - 8π
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
59) ∫xn ex dx
A) ∫xn ex dx = xn ex -
n+1 ∫ ∫xn ex dx = xn ex - n ∫xn+1 ex dx
1
xn-1 ex dx B)
9
61) ∫xn e- x2 dx
A) ∫xn e- x2 dx = - xn e- x2 +
2 ∫
1 n
xn-1 e- x2 dx
2
D) ∫xn e- x2 dx = - xn-1 e- x2 +
2 ∫
1 n-1
xn-2 e- x2 dx
2
Answer: D
62) ∫sinn x dx
A) ∫sinn x dx = - sinn-1 x cos x +
n ∫
1 n-1
sinn-2 x dx
n
63) ∫cosn x dx
A) ∫cosn x dx = cosn-1 x sin x +
n ∫
1 n-1
cosn-2 x dx
n
64) ∫secn x dx , n 1≠
B) ∫secn x dx =
n-1 ∫
1 n-2
secn-2 x tan x + secn-2 x dx
n-1
10
65) ∫cscn x dx , n 1≠
A) ∫cscn x dx =
n-1 ∫
-1 n-2
cscn-2 x cot x - cscn-2 x cot x dx
n-1
66) ∫tann x dx , n 1≠
Answer: C
67) ∫cotn x dx , n 1≠
A) ∫cotn x dx = ∫cotn-1 x dx
1
cotn-1 x +
n-1
∫cotn x dx = ∫cotn-1 x dx
-1
B) cotn-2 x -
n-1
Answer: C
11
Evaluate the integral.
69) Use the formula ∫f-1(x) dx = xf-1(x) - ∫f(y) dy , y = f-1(x) to evaluate the integral.
∫cos-1 x dx
A) x cos-1 x - sin x + C B) x cos-1 x - sin(cos-1 x) + C
C) x cos-1 x + sin(cos-1 x) + C D) x cos-1 x - x + C
Answer: B
70) Use the formula ∫f-1(x) dx = xf-1(x) - ∫f(y) dy , y = f-1(x) to evaluate the integral.
∫cot-1 x dx
A) x cot-1 x + ln sin(cot-1 x) + C B) x cot-1 x - ln sin x + C
C) x cot-1 x - ln sin(cot-1 x) + C D) x cot-1 x - x + C
Answer: C
∫sin-1 x dx
1
A) x sin-1 x - 1 - x2 + C B) x sin-1 x + +C
1 - x2
C) x sin-1 x + x + C D) x sin-1 x + 1 - x2 + C
Answer: D
∫cot-1 x dx
A) x cot-1 x + ln x + C B) x cot-1 x - ln x2 + 1 + C
C) x cot-1 x + x + C D) x cot-1 x + ln x2 + 1 + C
Answer: D
12
74) The voltage v (in volts) induced in a tape head is given by v = t2 e3t, where t is the time (in seconds). Find the
average value of v over the interval from t = 0 to t = 3. Round to the nearest volt.
A) 6502 volts B) 71,327 volts C) 16 volts D) 1100 volts
Answer: A
75) The rate of water usage for a business, in gallons per hour, is given by
W(t) = 25te-t, where t is the number of hours since midnight. Find the average rate of water usage over the
interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 6.
A) 4.24 gallons per hour B) 4.09 gallons per hour
C) 0.07 gallons per hour D) 4.12 gallons per hour
Answer: B
77) ∫2 cos3 3x dx
2 2 2 2
A) sin 3x + sin3 3x + C B) sin 3x - cos3 3x + C
3 9 3 9
2 2 2
C) sin 3x - sin3 3x + C D) 2 sin 3x - sin3 3x + C
3 9 3
Answer: C
π/2
78) ∫ cos5 8x dx
-π/2
1 1 2
A) B) 0 C) D) -
15 4 15
Answer: B
π/4
79) ∫ sin7 y dy
0
177 2 256 - 177 2 16 128 - 119 2
A) - B) C) D)
560 560 35 560
Answer: B
80) ∫3 cos4 3x dx
9 1 1 9 1 1
A) x + sin 3x + sin 12x + C B) x + sin 3x + sin 6x + C
4 4 8 4 4 32
9 1 1 9 1 3
C) x + sin 6x + sin 12x + C D) x + sin 6x + sin 12x + C
8 4 32 8 2 32
Answer: C
13
1/2
81) ∫ 3 sin4 2πx dx
0
9 9 3 9 3 9
A) B) - C) - D)
8 8 8π 16 π 16
Answer: D
π/2
82) ∫ cos2 6x sin3 6x dx
0
4 2 1 1
A) B) C) D)
45 45 90 45
Answer: B
π
∫
1 + cos x
83) dx
2
-π
A) 2 B) 0 C) 4 D) 1
Answer: C
π
84) ∫ 1 - cos 2x dx
0
2
A) B) 2 C) 2 D) 2 2
2
Answer: D
π
85) ∫ 1 - cos2 x dx
0
2
A) 0 B) 2 C) D) 2
2
Answer: B
π/2
86) ∫ 1 + cos x dx
π/3
A) 2 B) 2 - 2 C) 1 D) 2 + 2
Answer: B
cot3 x
87) ∫ 7
dx
1 1
A) cot2 x + ln sin x + C B) cot4 x + C
14 28
1 1 1
C) cot4 x sec x + C D) - cot2 x - ln sin x + C
28 14 7
Answer: D
14
88) ∫2 sec4 x dx
2 2
A) - tan3 x + C B) 2 tan x + tan3 x + C
3 3
2
C) tan3 x + C D) 2(sec x + tan x)5+ C
3
Answer: B
89) ∫cot4 3x dx
1 3 1 1 1
A) - cot 3x + cot2 3x + x + C B) - cot3 3x + cot 3x + C
9 3 9 3
1 3 1 1
C) - cot 3x + cot 3x + x + C D) - cot3 3x + cot 3x + x + C
9 3 3
Answer: C
π/6
90) ∫ cot4 3t dt
π/12
π 2 π 2 2 π 2
A) - B) - C) - D) -
12 3 12 9 9 6 9
Answer: B
91) ∫csc3 6t dt
1 1 1 1
A) - csc 6t cot 6t - ln csc 6t + cot 6t + C B) csc 6t cot2 6t - ln csc 6t + cot 6t + C
12 12 12 12
1 1 1 1 t
C) - csc 6t cot 6t + ln csc 6t + cot 6t + C D) - csc 6t cot 6t - ln csc 6t + cot 6t + + C
2 2 2 2 6
Answer: A
92) ∫tan4 2t dt
1 1 1 1 1
A) - tan32t + tan 2t + C B) tan32t - tan22t + tan 2t + t + C
6 2 6 4 2
1 1 1
C) tan3 2t - tan 2t + t + C D) tan32t - tan 2t + t + C
3 6 2
Answer: D
π/20
93) ∫ tan4 5t dt
-π/20
π 2 4 π 4 π
A) - B) - C) - D)
15 15 15 10 15 10
Answer: C
15
94) ∫sec39x dx
1 1 1 x
A) sec 9x tan 9x - ln sec 9x + tan 9x + C B) sec 9x tan 9x + +C
2 2 18 18
1 1 1 1
C) sec 9x tan 9x + ln sec 9x + tan 9x + C D) sec2 9x tan 9x + ln sec 9x + tan 9x + C
18 18 18 18
Answer: C
π/27
95) ∫ sec3 9x dx
-π/27
96) ∫tan5 4x dx
1 1 1 1 1 1
A) tan4 4x - tan2 4x - ln cos x + C B) - tan4 4x + tan2 4x - ln cos x + C
16 8 4 16 8 4
1 1 1 1 1
C) tan4 4x - tan2 4x + ln cos x + C D) tan4 4x - tan2 4x - ln cos x + C
16 8 4 4 2
Answer: A
16
99) ∫cos 6x cos 4x dx
1 1 1 1
A) sin 2x - sin 10x + C B) cos 2x + cos 10x + C
4 20 4 20
1 1 1 1
C) sin 2x + sin 10x + C D) sin6x + sin 4x + C
4 20 4 20
Answer: C
π/2
100) ∫ sin 9t sin 8t dt
0
1 8 16 9
A) B) C) D)
2 17 35 17
Answer: B
π/2
101) ∫ cos 7t cos 6t dt
0
9 7 7 6
A) B) C) D)
11 11 13 13
Answer: C
π
102) ∫ sin 7t cos 6t dt
0
14 1 7 15
A) B) C) D)
13 13 13 13
Answer: A
π/2
103) ∫ (1 - cos 4x) cos 2x dx
π/12
13 13 1 11
A) B) C) - D) -
24 48 24 24
Answer: C
17
105) ∫cos7 θ sin 2θ dθ
1 1 1 2
A) cos7 θ + C B) cos8 θ + C C) - cos10 θ + C D) - cos9 θ + C
4 9 5 9
Answer: D
9
A) - 3 cot3 x + C B) - 3 csc3 x + C C) - 3 csc4 x + C D) csc4 x cot x + C
4
Answer: B
∫ sin2 x dx
cos x
108)
tan2 x
109) ∫ csc x dx
cos2 x
A) sin x - sec x + C B) +C C) cos x + C D) cos x + sec x + C
2
Answer: D
18
112) Find the length of the curve y = ln(sin x), π/4 ≤ x ≤ π/2
A) ln( 2 + 1) B) 1 - ln( 2 + 1) C) ln(2 2) D) ln( 2)
Answer: A
113) Find the volume generated by revolving the curve y = cos 2x about the x-axis, 0 ≤ x ≤ π/24
π2 π π2 π 1 π2 π
A) + B) C) + D) +
48 24 48 48 16 48 16
Answer: D
∫
9 dx
114)
9 + x2
2
A) 9 ln 9 + x2 + C B) + C
2
x +9
C) 9 ln x + 9 + x2 + C D) x + ln 9 + 9 + x2 + C
Answer: C
1
∫
dx
115)
0 81 - x2
1 1 1 1 1
A) sin-1 B) sin-1 C) 9 cos-1 D) cos-1
9 9 9 9 9
Answer: A
1
∫
4
116) dt
1 + 16t2
-1
π 1
A) B) 2tan-1 C) 2sin-1 4 D) 2tan-1 4
2 4
Answer: D
x2 + 36
117) ∫ 9x2
dx
x2 + 36 1 x2 + 36
A) ln x2 + 36 + x + + C B) ln x2 + 36 + x - + C
9x 9 9x
1 x x2 + 36
C) ln x2 + 36 + x - sin-1 + C D) x + ln x2 + 36 + + C
9 6 9x
Answer: B
19
x2 - 9
118) ∫ x
dx
x x2 - 9 x
A) 3 ln x2 - 9 - +C B) - sec-1 +C
3 9 3
x2 - 9 x x2 - 9 x
C) 3 - sec-1 +C D) 3 - sin-1 +C
3 3 3 3
Answer: C
∫ (x2 + 25)3/2
dx
119)
x x
A) +C B) +C
25 25 + x2 5 25 + x2
x 25 - x2 5
C) + +C D) +C
25 25 - x2 x x 25 - x2
Answer: A
120) ∫ 16 - x2 dx
x 16 - x2 x x 16 - x2
A) + +C B) 8 sin-1 + +C
16 16 - x2 x 4 2
x 16 - x2 16x x
C) 8x - +C D) + +C
2 16 - x2 2
Answer: B
∫x
dx
121)
16x2 - 36
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
A) sec-1 x + C B) sin-1 x + C C) sec-1 x + C D) sin-1 x + C
6 3 3 3 3 3 4 3
Answer: A
∫
dx 11
122) ,x>
2
25x - 121 5
1 11 25x2 - 121 1 5 11
A) ln x+ +C B) ln x + +C
11 5 5 5 2 25x2 - 121
1 11 25x2 - 121 1 5 25x2 - 121
C) ln sec-1 x + +C D) ln x+ +C
5 5 11 5 11 11
Answer: D
20
∫ x2
dx
123) ,x>5
x2 - 25
x x2 - 25 1
A) ln + +C B) +C
5 x 25x
125
C) +C D) ln x + x2 - 25 +C
x
Answer: B
x3
124) ∫ x2 + 8
dx
1 2 1 2 x
A) (x + 8)3/2 - 8 x2 + 8 + C B) (x + 8)3/2 + tan-1 +C
3 3 8
1 8 1 2
C) x2 + 8 - +C D) (x + 8)3/2 - x2 + 8 + C
3 2
x +8 8
Answer: A
∫ t2
1
125) dt
6 - t2
6 - t2 6 - t2
A) - +C B) +C
6t2 t
6 - t2 6 - t2
C) - +C D) - + sin-1 6t + C
6t 6t
Answer: C
4
∫
81 dx
126)
0 (81 - x2 ) 3/2
65 4 65
A) 653/2 B) 65 - 65 C) D)
65 65
Answer: D
y2
127) ∫ (16 - y2 )3/2
dy
y 4y
A) +C B) - sin-1 y + C
16 - y2 16 - y2
y y y
C) 16 - y2 - sin-1 +C D) - sin-1 +C
4 16 - y2 4
Answer: D
21
x2
128) ∫ (x2 - 1)5/2 dt
x2 x x3 x3
A) - +C B) - +C C) - +C D) - +C
3(x2 - 1)3/2 3(x2 - 1)5/2 3(x2 - 1)1/2 3(x2 - 1)3/2
Answer: D
(4 - t2)3/2
129) ∫ t6
dt
5 5
1 4 - t2 1 4 - t2 t
A) - +C B) - + sec-1 +C
5 t 20 t 2
5
(4 - t2)5/2 1 4 - t2
C) - D) - +C
20t7 20 t
Answer: D
∫ x2
28 dx
130)
x2 + 16
7 x2 + 16 4 x2 + 16 7 x2 + 16 x2 + 16
A) + C B) + C C) - + C D) - + C
4x 7x 4x 7x
Answer: C
x2 - 64 x 64x x
A) +C B) - +C C) +C D) - +C
x 64 x2 - 64 x2 - 64 2
x - 64
Answer: B
64 - x2
132) ∫ x4
dx, x < 8
∫ (16x2 + 1)2
dx
133)
1 x
A) ln 16x2 + 1 + 4x + C B) tan-1 4x + +C
8 32x2 + 2
4x 4x
C) tan-1 4x - +C D) +C
16x2 + 1 16x2 + 1
Answer: B
22
Use a trigonometric substitution to evaluate the integral.
∫
dx
134)
x x2 - 9
x 1 -1 x 1 x
A) 3sec-1 x + C B) sin-1 +C C) sin +C D) sec-1 +C
3 3 3 3 3
Answer: D
ln 3
et dt
135) ∫ 25 + e2t
0
A) 0.069 B) -0.069 C) 0.043 D) 0.343
Answer: A
1
ex dx
136) ∫ 4 - e2x
0
A) 0.784 B) 0.196 C) 0.473 D) 0.236
Answer: B
1
∫
dy
137)
16y - y(ln y)2
1/e
A) 0.245 B) 0.061 C) 0.064 D) -0.511
Answer: C
ex dx
138) ∫ 1 - e2x
∫ x (1 + 25 ln2x)
dx
139)
1 1
A) tan-1 (25 ln2 x) + C B) tan-1 (5 ln x) + C
5 5x
1 1
C) tan-1 (5 ln x) + C D) ln ( 1 + 25 ln2x) + C
5 50
Answer: C
∫x
dx
140)
9 + ln2x
ln x ln x ln x ln x
A) tan-1 +C B) sinh-1 +C C) cosh-1 +C D) sin-1 +C
3 3 3 3
Answer: B
23
5
4e-t
141) ∫ 1 + 16e-2t
dt
0
4 4
A) tan-1 - tan-1 4 B) tan-1 4 - tan-1
e5 e5
1 1 4
C) tan-1 4 - tan-1 D) tan-1 5 - tan-1 4
4 4 e5
Answer: B
∫2
dx
142)
x 1+x
1 1 1
A) ln x + C B) tan-1 x+C C) sin-1 x+C D) tan-1 x+C
2 2 2
Answer: D
ln 3
ex dx
143) ∫ e2x + 1
0
A) ln(3 + 10 ) - ln(1 + 2) B) ln 6 - ln(1 + 2)
3
C) ln D) ln (e3 + 10 )
2
Answer: A
dy
145) (36 - x2 ) = 1, y(0) = 3
dx
1 x+6 1 x+6
A) y = ln +3 B) y = ln
12 x-6 12 x-6
1 x
C) y = ln sec x + tan x + 3 D) y = +3
6 36 36 - x2
Answer: A
24
dy
146) 49 - x2 = 1, x < 7, y(0) = 12
dx
x
A) y = ln sec x + tan x B) y = sin-1 + 12
7
x
C) y = ln sec x + tan x + 12 D) y = sin-1
7
Answer: B
dy
147) x2 - 4 = x, x > 2, y(4) = 0
dx
x2 - 4 3 x2 - 4
A) y = x2 - 4 B) y = x2 - 4 - 2 3 C) y = - D) y =
x 2 x
Answer: B
dy
148) x2 - 81 = 1, x > 9, y(18) = ln (2 + 9 3)
dx
A) y = ln (x + x2 - 81) + ln (2 + 9 3) - ln (18 + 9 3)
1 x+9
B) y = ln + ln 9
18 x-9
C) y = ln sec x + tan x + ln (2 + 9 3)
D) y = ln (x + x2 - 81) + ln (2 + 9 3)
Answer: A
dy
149) x x2 - 4 = 1, x > 2, y(4) = 0
dx
1 x 1 x π 1 x π x π
A) y = sec-1 B) y = sin-1 + C) y = sec-1 - D) y = sec-1 -
2 2 2 2 6 2 2 6 2 3
Answer: C
dy
150) x = x2 - 9, x ≥ 3, y(3) = 0
dx
x x2 - 9
A) y = 3 ln B) y = -x+3
3 3
x2 - 9 x x2 - 9
C) y = 3 - sec-1 D) y =
3 3 3 sec-1 (x/3)
Answer: C
dy
151) (x2 + 81) 2 = x2 + 81, y(0) = 9
dx
x x
A) y = B) y = +9
81 x2 + 81 81 x2 + 81
x x
C) y = +9 D) y = +9
9 81
Answer: B
25
Solve the problem.
152) Find the area bounded by y(36 + 4x2 ) = 2, x = 0, y = 0, and x = 4.
4 1 4 1 2 4
A) sin-1 B) tan-1 C) tan-1 D) 2 sin-1
3 6 3 6 3 3
Answer: B
3
153) Find the area bounded by y = , x = 0, y = 0, and x = 2.
81 - 9x2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2
A) sin-1 B) tan-1 C) sin-1 D) tan-1
3 3 9 9 3 9 3
Answer: A
16 3
154) Find the average value of the function y = over the interval from x = 0 to x = .
9 - 16x2 8
1 4 16 2
A) π B) π C) π D) π
3 9 9 3
Answer: C
28
155) An oil storage tank can be described as the volume generated by revolving the area bounded by y = ,
49 + x2
x = 0, y = 0, x = 2 about the x-axis. Find the volume (in m 3) of the tank.
A) 97.9 m 3 B) 714 m 3 C) 0.874 m 3 D) 24.5 m 3
Answer: A
10
156) During each cycle, the velocity v (in ft/s) of a robotic welding device is given by v = 2t - , where t is the
36 + t2
time (in s). Find the expression for the displacement s (in ft) as a function of t if s = 0 for t = 0.
5 t t
A) s = t2 - tan-1 B) s = t2 - 10 tan-1
3 6 6
5 5 t
C) s = t2 - tan-1 t D) s = t2 - 10 sin-1
3 3 6
Answer: A
26
2x + 32
159)
(x + 1)(x + 7)
5 -3 5 -3 3 -5 5 3
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x-1 x-7 x+1 x+7 x+1 x+7 x+1 x+7
Answer: B
4x + 26
160)
2
x + 8x + 15
7 -3 7 3 7 -3 3 -7
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x-3 x-5 x+3 x+5 x+3 x+5 x+3 x+5
Answer: C
3x + 1
161)
2
x - 8x + 15
8 -5 8 5
A) + B) +
x - 5 (x - 5)(x - 3) x-5 x-3
16 10 8 -5
C) + D) +
x-5 x-3 x-5 x-3
Answer: D
x+5
162)
(x + 2)2
1 -3 1 4 1 3 3 1
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x + 2 (x + 2)2 x+2 x+5 x + 2 (x + 2)2 x + 2 (x + 2)2
Answer: C
x+4
163)
x2 + 2x + 1
1 4 1 3 1 -3 3 1
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x+1 x+4 x + 1 (x + 1)2 x + 1 (x + 1)2 x + 1 (x + 1)2
Answer: B
y+ 2
164)
2
y (y + 1)
1 2 1 -1 2 1 2 1 -1 2 2
A) + + B) + + C) + D) + +
y y2 y+ 1 y y2 y+ 1 y2 y+1 y y2 y+ 1
Answer: B
6z
165)
z 3 - 2z 2 - 8z
1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1
A) + + B) + C) + + D) +
z z-4 z+2 z-4 z+2 z z-4 z+2 z-4 z+2
Answer: B
27
x2 - 4x + 28
166)
x2 - 10x + 24
20 -14 20 14 20 -14 x + 20 -x - 14
A) 1 + + B) 1 + + C) + D) +
x-6 x-4 x-6 x-4 x-6 x-4 x-6 x-4
Answer: A
t4 + t2 - 9t - 12
167)
t4 + 3t2
3t + 2 -3 -4 3t + 2 -4
A) 1 + + + B) 1 + +
t2 + 3 t t2 t2 + 3 t2
3t + 2 -3 -4 2 -3 -4
C) 1 + + + D) 1 + + +
2
t +3 t t2 2
t +3 t t2
Answer: A
Express the integrand as a sum of partial fractions and evaluate the integral.
∫
3x + 17
168) dx
2
x + 9x + 20
(x + 4)3 (x + 4) 6 (x + 4)5 (x + 4)2
A) ln + C B) ln + C C) ln + C D) ln + C
(x + 5)5 (x + 5)5 (x + 5)2 (x + 5)5
Answer: C
9
∫
6
169) dx
x2 - 9
5
A) 3.693 B) -0.693 C) 0.693 D) 2.773
Answer: C
∫ x2 + 6x dx
x+9
170)
3 1 x9
A) ln x9 (x + 6)3 + C B) ln +C
2 6 (x + 6)3
1 x9
C) ln x9 (x + 6)3 + C D) ln +C
6 (x + 6)3
Answer: B
∫ x2 - 4x - 5 dx
6x - 12
171)
28
∫ x3 - 9x
72 dx
172)
1 x
A) -8 ln x + tan-1 + C B) -8 ln x + 4ln x - 3 + 4ln x + 3 + C
3 3
8
C) - + 4ln x - 3 + 4ln x + 3 + C D) 8 ln x - 4ln x - 3 - 4ln x + 3 + C
x
Answer: B
∫ t3 + 4t2 - 5t dt
60
173)
12
A) - + 10ln t - 1 + 2ln t + 5 + C B) -12 ln t + 10ln t2 - 1 + C
t
Answer: C
3x2 - 11x + 4
174) ∫ x3 - 3x2 + 2x dx
A) ln x - ln x - 2 + ln x - 1 + C B) 2 ln x + 4 ln x - 2 - 3 ln x - 1 + C
C) 2 ln x - 3 ln x - 2 + 4 ln x - 1 + C D) -3 ln x - 2 + 4 ln x - 1 + C
Answer: C
x3
175) ∫ x2 + 4x + 4 dx
x2 4 x2 8
A) - 4x + 6 ln x + 2 - +C B) - 4x - 12 ln x + 2 + +C
2 x+2 2 (x + 2)2
12 8 x2 8
C) 12 ln x - 4 + - +C D) - 4x + 12 ln x + 2 + +C
x + 2 (x + 2)2 2 x+2
Answer: D
1
x3
176) ∫ x2 + 6x + 9
dx
0
71 4 31
A) 9 ln 4 - B) 27 ln -
8 3 4
4 35 31
C) 36 ln - D) 27 ln 4 - 9ln 3 +
3 8 4
Answer: B
∫ x3 + 4x2 + 4x
5x + 12
177) dx
x 6 x 1
A) 3 ln - +C B) 3 ln + +C
x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2
x 5 x 1
C) 3 ln + +C D) 2 ln - +C
x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2
Answer: B
29
∫ x2(x2 - 25)
dx
178)
1 1 x-5 1 1 x-5
A) + ln +C B) + ln +C
50x 250 x+5 25x 125 x+5
1 1 x-5 1 1 x+5
C) + ln +C D) + ln +C
25x 250 x+5 25x 250 x-5
Answer: C
3 5
A) ln (x + 3)2 (x + 1)5 + +C B) ln (x + 3)2 (x + 1)5 - +C
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
4 1 1 4
C) ln (x + 3)2 (x + 1)5 - + +C D) ln (x + 3)2 (x + 1)5 - + +C
(x + 1) (x + 1)2 (x + 1) (x + 1)2
Answer: C
7
∫
4x dx
180)
(x - 2)3
3
176 44 224 176
A) - B) C) - D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: D
5x2 + x + 36
181) ∫ x3 + 9x
dx
1 x 1 1 x
A) 4 ln x + ln x2 + 9 + sin-1 +C B) 4 ln x + ln x2 + 9 + tan-1 +C
2 3 2 3 3
1 1 x
C) 4 ln x - ln x2 + 9 - tan-1 x + C D) ln x + ln x2 + 9 + tan-1 + C
2 2 3
Answer: B
2x2 + x + 1
182) ∫ (x2 + 3)(x - 5) dx
3 x 3 1 x
A) 2 ln x - 5 + tan-1 +C B) 2 ln x - 5 + tan-1 +C
3 3 3 3
x 3 3 x 3
C) 2 ln x - 5 + tan-1 +C D) ln x - 5 + tan-1 +C
3 3 3
Answer: A
5
3x2 + x + 50
183) ∫ ( x2 + 25) (x + 2)
dx
1
A) 1.96 B) 3.92 C) 1.6 D) 0.98
Answer: A
30
7
4x3 - 4x
184) ∫ x4 - 16
dx
3
A) -3.4 B) 6.81 C) 3.4 D) 3.8
Answer: C
3x3 - 3x2 + 6x - 6
185) ∫ (x2 + 2)(x - 2)3
dx
4 5 1 2 3
A) - +C B) - - +C
x - 2 2(x - 2)3 2
x +2 x - 2 2(x - 2)2
2 3 3 3
C) 2 ln x - 2 - - +C D) - - +C
x - 2 2(x - 2)2 x - 2 2(x - 2)2
Answer: D
-2x2 + 8x + 8
186) ∫ (x2 + 4)(x - 2)3 dx
x 2 1 1 x 1 1
A) tan-1 - - +C B) tan-1 + - +C
2 x - 2 (x - 2)2 2 2 x - 2 (x - 2)2
1 x 1 1 x 1 1
C) tan-1 + ln x - 2 - +C D) tan-1 - + +C
2 2 (x - 2)2 2 2 (x - 2) 2 (x - 2)3
Answer: B
4x4 + 36x2 + 72
187) ∫ x(x2 + 6)2
dx
4
A) 2 ln x + ln x2 + 6 + C B) 2 ln x - +C
x2 + 6
4
C) 2 ln x + ln x2+ 6 - +C D) 8 ln x + ln x2 + 6 + C
2
x +6
Answer: A
1 1 x+3
A) 2 ln x - + ln x2 + 6x + 13 + tan-1 +C
x 2 2
1 1 x+3
B) 2 ln x - + ln x2 + 6x + 13 + tan-1 +C
x 2 2
1 x+3
C) 7 ln x + ln x2 + 6x + 13 + tan-1 +C
2 2
1 x+3
D) 5 ln x + - ln x2 + 6x + 13 + sin-1 +C
x 2
Answer: B
31
2x3 + 5x2 + 14x + 7
189) ∫ (x2 + 2x + 5)2
dx
1
A) ln x2 + 2x + 5 - +C
2
x + 2x + 5
1 x +1 1
B) ln x2 + 2x + 5 - tan-1 - +C
2 2 2
x + 2x + 5
1 x +1
C) ln x2 + 2x + 5 - tan-1 +C
2 2
1 x +1 1
D) - tan-1 - +C
2 2 x2 + 2x + 5
Answer: B
75x2 + 50x + 3
190) ∫ (25x2 + 1)2
dx
3 1 1
A) tan-1(5x) - +C B) ln 25x2 + 1 - +C
5 25x2 + 1 25x2 + 1
3 1 1 3 1
C) tan-1 (5x) - - +C D) tan-1 (25x) + +C
5 25x2 + 1 (25x2 + 1)2 5 25x2 + 1
Answer: A
Evaluate the integral by first performing long division on the integrand and then writing the proper fraction as a sum of
partial fractions.
7x3 + 7x2 + 2
191) ∫ x2 + x
dx
7 2 7 2
A) x + 2 ln x - 1 - 2 ln x +C B) x - 2 ln x + 1 + 2 ln x +C
2 2
C) 7x2 + 2 ln x + 1 - 2 ln x +C D) 2 ln x + 1 - 2 ln x +C
Answer: B
x4
192) ∫ x2 - 9 dx
x3 27 27 x3 9 9
A) + 9x + ln x - 3 - ln x + 3 +C B) + ln x - 3 - ln x + 3 +C
3 2 2 3 2 2
x3 27 27 x3 27 27
C) + 9x - ln x - 3 + ln x + 3 +C D) + 9x + ln x - 9 - ln x + 9 +C
3 2 2 3 2 2
Answer: A
32
x3
193) ∫ x2 + 2x + 1 dx
x2 1 x2 1
A) - 2x + 3ln x + 1 - +C B) - 2x + 3ln x + 1 + +C
2 x+1 2 x+1
x2 1 3 1
C) - 2x - 3ln x + 1 + +C D) 3ln x - 2 + - +C
2 (x + 1)2 x + 1 (x + 1)2
Answer: B
5x3 + 7x2 - 2x - 4
194) ∫ x 3 - x2
dx
4 5 4
A) 5x + 6ln x2 - + 6ln x - 1 + C B) + 6ln x - + 6ln x - 1 + C
x2 x x2
4 4
C) 5x + 7ln x + + 6ln x - 1 + C D) 5x + 6ln x - + 6ln x - 1 + C
x x
Answer: D
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
A) x + ln 3x + 3 - +C B) x + ln 3x + 3 - +C
2 3 3 3x + 3 2 3x + 3
1 2 2 1 1 2 3x + 5
C) x + ln 3x + 3 - +C D) x - +C
2 3 3x + 3 2 3x + 3
Answer: A
3x4 + 15x2 + 5
196) ∫ x3 + 5x
dx
3 2 1 3 2
A) x + ln x + ln x2 + 5 + C B) x + ln x - x ln x2 + 5 + C
2 2 2
3 2 1 3 2 1
C) x - ln x2 + 5 + C D) x + ln x - ln x2 + 5 + C
2 2 2 2
Answer: D
6y4 + 3y2 - 6y
197) ∫ y3 - 1
dy
A) 3y2 + 6 ln y - 1 + ln y2 - y + 1 + C B) 3y2 + ln y - 1 + ln y2 + y + 1 + C
C) 3y2 - ln y - 1 + 6 ln y2 + y + 1 + C D) 3y2 + ln y - 1 + (2y + 1) ln y2 + y + 1 + C
Answer: B
33
Evaluate the integral.
et dt
198) ∫ e2t - 6et + 5
1 1 1 t 1
A) ln et - 5 + ln et - 1 + C B) e ln et - 5 - et ln et - 1 + C
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
C) ln t - 5 - ln t - 1 + C D) ln et - 5 - ln et - 1 + C
4 4 4 4
Answer: D
3e2t + 4et
199) ∫ e2t - 10et + 25
dt
19 15
A) 3 ln t - 5 - +C B) 4 ln et - 5 - +C
t-5 et - 5
19 19
C) 3 ln et - 5 - +C D) 3 ln et - 5 + +C
et - 5 et - 5
Answer: C
4e2t - 7et
200) ∫ e3t - 3e2t + et - 3 dt
1 1 1 1 5
A) ln et - 3 - ln e2t + 1 + C B) ln t - 3 - ln t + 1 + tan-1 t + C
2 4 2 4 2
1 1 3 1 1 5
C) ln et - 3 + ln e2t + 1 + tan-1 (et) + C D) ln et - 3 - ln e2t + 1 + tan-1 (et) + C
4 2 2 2 4 2
Answer: D
3e4t + 12e2t + 4
201) ∫ e2t + 4
dt
1 1
A) e2t + ln et + 4 - ln e2t + C B) e2t + t - ln et + 4 + C
2 2
3 2t 1 3 2t
C) e + t - ln e2t + 4 + C D) e - t + ln e2t + 4 + C
2 2 2
Answer: C
∫ sin2 t - 4 sin t + 3
cos t dt
202)
1 1
A) ln t - 3 - ln t - 1 + C B) ln sin t - 3 - ln sin t - 1 + C
2 2
1 1 1 1
C) ln sin t - 3 - ln sin t - 1 + C D) ln sin t - 3 + ln sin t - 1 + C
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
34
∫
-sin t (3 cos t + 4) dt
203)
cos2 t - 4cos t + 4
10 6
A) 3 ln cos t - 2 - +C B) 4 ln cos t - 2 - +C
cos t - 2 cos t - 2
10 10
C) 3 ln cos t - 2 + +C D) 3 ln t - 2 - +C
cos t - 2 t-2
Answer: A
1
A) -ln t + 2 + ln t2 + 1 - 3 tan-1 t + C
2
1
B) -ln sin t + 2 + ln sin2 t + 1 + C
2
C) ln sin t + 2 - ln sin2 t + 1 - 5 tan-1 (sin t) + C
1
D) -ln sin t + 2 + ln sin2 t + 1 - 3 tan-1 (sin t) + C
2
Answer: D
(tan-1x)2 1
A) - 3 tan-1 x + ln(x2 + 1) + C
2 2
(tan-1x)2 1
B) - ln x + 7 - 3 tan-1 x + ln(x2 + 1) + C
2 2
(tan-1x)2
C) - ln x + 7 - 5 tan-1 x + ln(x2 + 1) + C
2
(tan-1x)2 1
D) - ln x + 7 + ln(x2 + 1) + C
2 2
Answer: B
35
Solve the initial value problem for x as a function of t.
dx
207) (t2 - 5t + 6) = 1 (t > 3), x(4) = 0
dt
1
A) x = -ln t - 2 + ln t - 3 + 2 B) x = -ln t - 2 + + ln 2
t-3
C) x = ln t - 2 - ln t - 3 + ln 2 D) x = -ln t - 2 + ln t - 3 + ln 2
Answer: D
dx
208) (t + 4) = x2 + 1 , t > -4 , x(1) = tan 1
dt
1 1
A) x = - B) x = tan-1 [ ln t + 4 - ln 5 + 1]
t+ 4 t-5
C) x = tan [ ln t + 4 - ln 5] D) x = tan [ ln t + 4 - ln 5 + 1]
Answer: D
dx
209) (t2 + 2t) = 2x + 8, x(1) = 1
dt
t 14t
A) x = 15 ln -4 B) x = -4
t+ 2 t+2
15t
C) x = 15t + ln t + 2 - 4 D) x = -4
t+2
Answer: D
dx
210) (2t3 - 2t2 + t - 1) = 3, x(2) = 0
dt
1
A) x = ln t - 1 - tan-1 2 t - ln t2 + + tan-1 2 2 + ln 4.5
2
B) x = ln t - 1 2 tan-1 2 t + 2 tan-1 2 2
-
1 1 1
C) x = ln t - 1 - ln t2 + + ln 4.5
2 2 2
1 1 1
D) x = ln t - 1 - 2 tan-1 2t - ln t2 + + 2 tan-1 2 2 + ln 4.5
2 2 2
Answer: D
x - 14
212) Find the area bounded by y = , y = 0, x = 2, and x = 4. Round to the nearest hundredth.
2
x - 6x - 40
A) 0.45 B) 4.03 C) 6.33 D) 0.29
Answer: A
36
1
213) Find the volume generated by rotating the area bounded by y = , x = 4, x = 5, and y = 0 about the
x3 + 6x2 + 5x
y-axis.
1 3 1 27 25 1 27
A) π ln B) π ln C) 2π ln D) π ln
2 5 2 25 27 4 25
Answer: B
214) Find the x-coordinate of the centroid of the area bounded by y(x2 - 9 ) = 1, y = 0, x = 4, and x = 7.
A) -1.63 B) 1.69 C) 1.63 D) 5.08
Answer: D
4x + 4
215) The general expression for the slope of a curve is . Find the equation of the curve if it passes through (1,
x2 + 4x
0).
x( x + 4)3 x(x - 4)3 x(x + 4)3
A) y = ln B) y = ln C) y = ln D) y = ln x(x + 4)3
5 125 125
Answer: C
8t + 4
216) The current i (in A) as a function of the time t (in s) in a certain electric circuit is given by i = . Find
4t2 + 4t + 1
the total charge that passes a given point in the circuit during the first second.
A) 0.549 C B) 2.079 C C) 8.789 C D) 2.197 C
Answer: D
3x
217) The force F (in N) applied by a stamping machine in making a certain computer part is F = , where
x2 + 11x + 12
x is the distance (in cm) through which the force acts. Find the work done by the force from x = 0 to x = 0.6 cm.
A) 8.0928 N∙ cm B) 0.0166 N∙ cm C) 0.0832 N∙ cm D) 0.0055 N∙ cm
Answer: B
218) Under specified conditions, the time t (in min) required to form x grams of a substance during a chemical
∫
dx
reaction is given by t = . Find the equation relating t and x if x = 0 g when t = 0 min.
(7 - x)(2 - x)
1 2-x 1 2 1 7-x 1 7
A) t = ln + ln B) t = ln + ln
5 7-x 5 7 5 2-x 5 2
1 7-x 1 7 1 2-x 1 2
C) t = ln - ln D) t = ln - ln
5 2-x 5 2 5 7-x 5 7
Answer: D
9x2 + 24x + 21
219) Find the first-quadrant area bounded by y = , and x = 7.
(x2 + 7)(x + 4)
1 3
A) 3 ln B) 3 ln 22 C) ln 22 D) 3 ln 616
22 2
Answer: B
37
6
220) Find the volume generated by revolving the first-quadrant area bounded by y = and x = 5 about
x4 + 4x2 + 3
the y-axis.
3 39 39
A) π ln 2184 B) 3π ln 2184 C) 6π ln D) 3π ln
2 14 14
Answer: D
x
221) Find the volume generated by revolving the first-quadrant area bounded by y = and x = 2 about the
(x + 2)2
x-axis.
1 1 1 1
A) π B) π C) π D) π
96 48 24 12
Answer: B
222) Under certain conditions, the velocity v (in m/s) of an object moving along a straight line as a function of the
2t2 + 20t + 33
time t (in s) is given by v = . Find the distance traveled by the object during the first 2 s.
(4t + 1)(t + 4)2
A) 1.015 m B) 4.478 m C) 1.182 m D) 0.377 m
Answer: C
0.0040(8t2 + 15t + 75 )
223) By a computer analysis, the electric current i (in A) in a certain circuit is given by i = ,
( t + 5)( t2 + 15)
where t is the time (in s). Find the total charge that passes a point in the circuit in the first 0.25 s.
A) 0.0051 C B) 0.0010 C C) 0.0002 C D) 0.0049 C
Answer: B
2
224) Find the x-coordinate of the centroid of the first-quadrant area bounded by y = , x = 1, and x = 3.
x3 + x
A) -0.908 B) -1.815 C) 1.578 D) 0.789
Answer: C
dy 87x2 + 128 4
225) The slope of a curve is given by = . Find the equation of the curve if it passes through , 4 .
dx 9x4 + 16x2 3
8 5 3 5 8 5 3 5
A) y = + tan-1 x - 10 - π B) y = - + tan-1 x + 10 - π
x 4 4 16 x 4 4 16
8 5 3 5 8 5 3 5
C) y = - + tan-1 x + 10 - π D) y = - tan-1 x - 10 + π
x 4 4 24 x 4 4 24
Answer: B
38
Evaluate the integral.
∫
dx
226)
x 6 + 4x
6 + 4x 1 6 + 4x
A) 2 6 + 4x + 2 6 tan-1 +C B) tan-1 +C
6 6 6
1 6 + 4x + 6 1 6 + 4x - 6
C) ln +C D) ln +C
6 6 + 4x - 6 6 6 + 4x + 6
Answer: D
∫
4 + 3x
227) dx
x
4 + 3x - 2
A) 2 4 + 3x + 2 ln +C B) 2 4 + 3x + C
4 + 3x + 2
4 + 3x - 2 4 + 3x
C) 2 4 + 3x - 2 ln +C D) 2 4 + 3x + 2 tan-1 +C
4 + 3x + 2 2
Answer: A
∫
2x - 7
228) dx
x2
2x - 7 2 7 2x - 7 - 7 2x - 7 2 7 2x - 7
A) - + ln +C B) - + tan-1 +C
x 7 2x - 7 + 7 x 7 x2
2x - 7 2x - 7 2x - 7 2 7 2x - 7
C) + 2tan-1 +C D) - + tan-1 +C
x 7 x 7 7
Answer: D
∫ x2
dx
229)
2x - 7
2x - 7 2 2x - 7 2x - 7 2 2x - 7 - 7
A) - - tan-1 +C B) + ln +C
7x 7 7 7 7x 7 7 2x - 7 + 7
2x - 7 2 2x - 7 2x - 7 2 2x - 7
C) + tan-1 +C D) - tan-1 +C
7x 7 7 7 7 7 7 7x
Answer: C
25x2 - 9
230) ∫ x
dx
x 5x
A) x2 - 9 - 3 sec -1 +C B) 25x2 - 9 - 3 sec -1 +C
3 3
25x2 - 9 x2 - 9
C) ln x + 25x2 - 9 - +C D) ln x + x2 - 9 - +C
x x
Answer: B
39
4 - x2
231) ∫ x
dx
2+ 4 - x2 x
A) 4 - x2 + 2 ln +C B) 4 - x2 - sin-1 +C
x2 2
x 4 - x2 2+ 4 - x2
C) -sin-1 - +C D) 4 - x2 - 2 ln +C
2 x x
Answer: D
2x2
232) ∫ 9 - x2
dx
x x
A) 9 sin-1 - x 9 - x2 + C B) 9 sin-1 - 9 - x2 + C
3 3
3+ 9 - x2 x
C) 9 - x2 - 3 ln +C D) -3sin-1 - x2 9 - x 2 + C
x 3
Answer: A
233) ∫ 16 - x2 dx
x x
A) 16 - x2 - 8 ln x + 16 - x2 + C B) sin-1 +C
2 4
x x x x
C) 16 - x2 + 8 sin-1 +C D) 16 - x2 + 8 sin-1 +C
2 4 2 16
Answer: C
∫x
1
234) dx
49 + x2
1 7+ 49 + x2 1 7+ 49 + x2
A) - ln +C B) ln +C
7 x 7 x
1 7 + 49 + x2 1 7- 49 + x2
C) - ln +C D) - ln +C
7 x2 7 x
Answer: A
∫x
dx
235)
16 - x2
1 4+ 16 - x2 1 x+ 16 - x2
A) - ln +C B) - ln +C
4 x 4 x
4+ 16 - x2 16 - x2
C) 16 - x2 - 4 ln D) - +C
x 16x
Answer: A
40
∫ (16 - x2)2
dx
236)
1 x 1 x+4 1 x 1 x+4
A) + ln +C B) - ln +C
32 16 - x2 8 x-4 32 16 - x2 8 x-4
1 x+4 x
C) ln +C D) +C
8 x-4 32(16 - x2 )
Answer: A
∫ 5 + 13 sin 2x
dx
237)
∫cos 2 cos 5 dθ
θ θ
239)
5 3 5 7 5 3 5 7
A) cos θ + cos θ+ C B) sin θ- sin θ+ C
3 10 7 10 3 10 7 10
5 5 5 3 5 7
C) sin 3θ + sin 7θ + C D) sin θ+ sin θ+ C
3 7 3 10 7 10
Answer: D
∫sin 4t sin 3 dt
t
240)
22 11 26 13 3 3
A) sin t- sin t+ C B) sin t - sin 7t + C
3 3 3 3 22 26
3 11 3 13 3 11 3 13
C) cos t+ cos t+ C D) sin t- sin t+ C
22 3 26 3 22 3 26 3
Answer: D
41
∞
242) ∫ e-x cos 2 x dx
0
2 1
A) B) C) 1 D) Diverges
5 5
Answer: B
∞
243) ∫ e-5x sin x dx
0
5 1
A) 1 B) C) D) Diverges
26 26
Answer: C
244) ∫x sin-1 x dx
x2 1 1 x2 1 1
A) sin-1 x - cos-1 x + 1 - x2 + C B) sin-1 x - sin-1 x + x 1 - x2 + C
2 4 4 2 4 4
x2 1 1 x2 1 1
C) sin-1 x + sin-1 x - x 1 - x2 + C D) sin-1 x - x sin-1 x - 1 - x2 + C
2 2 2 2 4 4
Answer: B
Evaluate the integral by making a substitution and then using a table of integrals.
∫
x
246) dx
9-x
x x
A) 9 sin-1 - 9x - x2 + C B) 9 sin-1 - 9-x +C
3 3
3+ 9-x x
C) 9 - x - 3 ln +C D) 9 sin-1 +x 9-x +C
x 3
Answer: A
1 ln x 1 ln x 1 -1 x 1 x
A) sin-1 +C B) tan-1 +C C) sin +C D) tan-1 +C
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Answer: B
42
e2x
248) ∫ 2ex + 3 dx
x 3 ex 3
A) - ln 2x + 3 +C B) - ln 2ex + 3 +C
2 4 2 4
ex 3 3
C) + sin-1 2ex + 3 +C D) + ln 2ex + 3 +C
2 4 2ex + 3
Answer: B
∫ 25x2 + 20x + 4
x dx
249)
1 5 1
A) ln(2x + 5) + +C B) ln(5x2 + 2x)
4 2x + 5 5
x 2 1 2
C) - ln(5x + 2) + C D) ln(5x + 2) + +C
5 25 25 5x + 2
Answer: D
ex
250) ∫ e2x - 25 dx
1 5 - ex 1 5-x
A) ln +C B) ln +C
10 ex + 5 10 x+5
1 5 - e2x 1 ex + 5
C) ln +C D) ln +C
10 e2x + 5 10 ex - 5
Answer: A
∫ x(2 + ln x) dx
ln x
251)
A) ln x - 2 ln x + 2 + C B) - 2 ln ln x + 2 + C
C) ln x + x - 2 ln ln x + 2 + C D) ln x - 2 ln ln x + 2 + C
Answer: D
252) ∫tan-1 x + 2 dx
1 x+2 1
A) (2x + 3) sin-1 x+2+ -x - 1 + C B) (x + 2) sin-1 x+2 - x+2+C
4 4 2
1 x+2
C) (x + 3) tan-1 x+2- +C D) (x + 3) tan -1 x+2- x+2+C
2 2
Answer: D
43
∫ sin θ
cos θ
254) dθ
49 + sin2 θ
256) ∫8 cos3 2x dx
4 4
A) 4 sin 2x - cos3 2x + C B) 4 sin 2x - sin3 2x + C
3 3
4 8
C) 4 sin 2x + sin3 2x + C D) 8 sin 2x - sin3 2x + C
3 3
Answer: B
257) ∫sin5 3x dx
1 8 2
A) - cos4 3x sin 3x - cos2 3x sin 3x - cos 3x + C
15 45 45
1 4 2 x
B) - sin4 3x cos 3x - sin2 3x cos 3x - sin 6x + + C
15 45 9 2
1 4 8
C) - sin4 3x cos 3x - sin2 3x cos 3x - cos 3x + C
15 45 45
1 4 2
D) - sin4 3x cos 3x - sin2 3x cos 3x - cos 3x + C
5 15 3
Answer: C
44
259) ∫5 cot3 x sin2 x dx
5
A) 5 ln sin x + 5 sin x + C B) 5 ln sin x - sin x + C
2
5 5
C) 5 ln sin x - cos2 x + C D) 5 ln sin x + cos2 x + C
2 2
Answer: D
260) ∫tan5 2x dx
1 1 1 1 1
A) tan4 2x - tan2 2x - ln cos 2x + C B) - tan4 2x + tan2 2x - ln cos 2x + C
4 2 8 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
C) tan4 2x - tan2 2x - ln cos 2x + C D) tan4 2x - tan2 2x + ln cos 2x + C
8 4 2 8 4 2
Answer: C
261) ∫cot4 3x dx
1 1 1 1
A) - cot3 3x + cot 3x + x + C B) - cot2 3x + cot 3x - x + C
9 3 9 3
1 1 1 1
C) - cot3 3x - cot 3x + x + C D) - cot3 3x + cot 3x + C
3 3 9 3
Answer: A
263) ∫sec3 4x dx
1 1 1 1
A) sec 4x tan 4x + ln sec 4x + cot 4x + C B) sec 4x tan 4x + ln sec 4x + tan 4x + C
8 8 8 8
1 1 1 1
C) sec2 4x tan 4x + ln sec 4x + tan 4x + C D) sec 4x tan 4x - ln sec 4x + tan 4x + C
8 8 8 4
Answer: B
∫csc4 5 dt
t
264)
5 t t 10 t 5 t t 10 t
A) - csc2 cot - csc + C B) - csc3 cot + cot + C
3 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5
1 t t 2 t 5 t t 10 t
C) - csc2 cot - cot + C D) - csc2 cot - cot + C
15 5 5 15 5 3 5 5 3 5
Answer: D
45
Evaluate the integral by making a substitution (possibly trigonometric) and then applying a reduction formula.
1
266) ∫ 5 x2 + 1 dx
0
5
A) 5[ 2 + ln( 2 + 1)] B) [ 2 + ln( 2 + 1)] C) 2 + ln( 2 + 1) D) 5[ 2 - ln( 2 + 1)]
2
Answer: B
sec3
∫
θ
267) dθ
θ
A) sec θ tan θ + ln sec θ + tan θ +C B) -sec θ tan θ + ln sec θ + tan θ +C
C) sec θ tan θ - ln sec θ + tan θ +C D) -sec θ tan θ + ln sec θ - tan θ +C
Answer: A
∫ (25 - x2)2
dx
268)
1 x 1 x+5 1 x 1 x+5
A) - ln +C B) + ln +C
50 25 - x2 10 x-5 50 25 - x2 10 x-5
1 x+5 x
C) ln +C D) +C
10 x-5 50(25 - x2 )
Answer: B
270) Use an integral table and a calculator to find to two decimal places the area of the surface generated by
revolving the curve y = x2, -1 ≤ x ≤ 3, about the x-axis.
A) 378.08 B) 324.07 C) 189.04 D) 265.13
Answer: D
46
271) Use numerical integration with a programmable calculator or a CAS to find, to two decimal places, the area of
π
the surface generated by revolving the curve y = cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ , about the x-axis.
2
A) 7.21 B) 2.29 C) 1.15 D) 14.42
Answer: A
272) Use numerical integration with a programmable calculator or a CAS to find, to two decimal places, the area of
π
the surface generated by revolving the curve y = sin 2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ , about the x-axis.
2
A) 14.42 B) 7.21 C) 9.29 D) 1.48
Answer: C
273) Use substitution and a table of integrals to find, to two decimal places, the area of the surface generated by
revolving the curve y = ex, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, about the x-axis.
A) 1544.52 B) 1276.14 C) 1666.81 D) 1381.47
Answer: B
274) The region between the curve y = sinx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.9, and the x-axis is revolved about the x-axis to generate a
solid. Use a table of integrals to find, to two decimal places, the volume of the solid generated.
A) 3.31 B) 3.53 C) 3.66 D) 3.47
Answer: D
1
275) The region between the curve y = , -1.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, and the x-axis is revolved about the x-axis to
1 + cos x
generate a solid. Use a table of integrals to find the volume of the solid generated to two decimal places.
A) 3.59 B) 3.04 C) 3.88 D) 3.20
Answer: B
276) ∫x6ln x dx
x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 x8 x7 x7
A) ln x + +C B) ln x - +C C) ln x - +C D) ln x - +C
7 49 7 49 7 56 7 7
Answer: B
∫ x8
ln x
277)
-ln x - 1 -7 ln x - 1 -6 ln x - 1 -7 ln x - 1
A) B) C) D)
49x7 7x7 36x6 49x7
Answer: D
47
3
279) ∫ (6x + 4) dx
1
A) 32 B) 20 C) 16 D) 64
Answer: A
2
280) ∫ 8x2 dx
0
64
A) B) 22 C) 44 D) 30
3
Answer: B
3
∫
1
281) dx
x2
1
141 71 141 141
A) B) C) D)
200 100 400 100
Answer: A
1
282) ∫ (x2 + 6) dx
-1
51 38 65 51
A) B) C) D)
2 3 8 4
Answer: D
2
283) ∫ (x4 + 8) dx
0
369 369 497 269
A) B) C) D)
16 8 16 12
Answer: A
1
∫
1
284) dx
1+x
0
1171 743 1747 1171
A) B) C) D)
1680 840 5040 840
Answer: A
1
∫
3
285) dx
1 + x2
0
9897 28209 15969 15969
A) B) C) D)
3400 6800 3400 6800
Answer: D
48
0
286) ∫ sin x dx
-π
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
A) - π B) - π C) - π D) -(1 + 2) π
2 4 8
Answer: B
0
287) ∫ sin πt dt
-1
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
A) - B) - C) -1 - 2 D) -
4 8 2
Answer: A
3
289) ∫ (2x + 2) dx
1
A) 10 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24
Answer: C
2
290) ∫ 5x2 dx
0
55 40 35 20
A) B) C) D)
4 3 3 3
Answer: B
3
∫
9
291) dx
x2
1
1269 1813 1813 249
A) B) C) D)
200 300 600 50
Answer: B
1
292) ∫ (x2 + 4) dx
-1
13 43 26 35
A) B) C) D)
3 6 3 4
Answer: C
49
2
293) ∫ (x4 + 4) dx
0
241 281 173 173
A) B) C) D)
16 24 24 12
Answer: D
1
∫
9
294) dx
1+x
0
3513 1747 1171 1747
A) B) C) D)
560 560 280 280
Answer: D
1
∫
9
295) dx
1 + x2
0
24,033 47,907 47,907 24,033
A) B) C) D)
1700 6800 3400 3400
Answer: D
0
296) ∫ sin x dx
-π
1+ 2 1+2 2 2+ 2
A) - π B) - π C) - π D) -(1 + 2 2) π
4 6 6
Answer: B
0
297) ∫ sin πt dt
-1
2+ 2 1+ 2 1+2 2
A) -1 - 2 2 B) - C) - D) -
6 4 6
Answer: D
5
299) Find an upper bound for ET in estimating ∫ (3x2 + 8) dx with n = 6 steps.
1
8 4 4 125
A) B) C) D)
9 27 9 72
Answer: A
50
3
300) Find an upper bound for ET in estimating ∫ (4x3 + 8x) dx with n = 10 steps.
-1
32 144 81 96
A) B) C) D)
25 25 50 25
Answer: D
6
∫
1
301) Find an upper bound for ET in estimating dx with n = 7 steps.
(x - 1)2
4
4 4 4 4
A) B) C) D)
11,907 30,625 3969 147
Answer: C
π
302) Find an upper bound for ET in estimating ∫ 4x sin x dx with n = 6 steps.
0
Give your answer as a decimal rounded to four decimal places.
A) 0.5742 B) 0.2871 C) 0.1435 D) 0.9019
Answer: A
5
303) Find an upper bound for ES in estimating ∫ (6x2 - 8) dx with n = 8 steps.
0
625 625 625
A) B) 0 C) D)
24576 12288 73728
Answer: B
3
304) Find an upper bound for ES in estimating ∫ (2x4 - 2x) dx with n = 6 steps.
1
32 8 4
A) B) 1 C) D)
81 1215 1215
Answer: C
2
305) Find an upper bound for ES in estimating ∫ (4x5 - 2x) dx with n = 6 steps.
1
16 1 2 1
A) B) C) D)
243 243 243 486
Answer: B
4
∫
1
306) Find an upper bound for ES in estimating dx with n = 8 steps.
x-1
2
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
1920 466,560 30 960
Answer: D
51
π
307) Find an upper bound for ES in estimating ∫ 5x cos x dx with n = 12 steps.
0
Give your answer as a decimal rounded to five decimal places.
A) 0.00129 B) 0.00205 C) 0.00172 D) 0.00164
Answer: C
308) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
3
∫ (2x + 6)dx
0
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using the Trapezoidal Rule.
A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 0
Answer: C
309) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
4
∫ (4x2 + 7)dx
1
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using the Trapezoidal Rule.
A) 425 B) 849 C) 213 D) 82
Answer: A
310) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
6
∫ (4x3 + 1x)dx
5
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using the Trapezoidal Rule.
A) 142 B) 174 C) 347 D) 317
Answer: C
311) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
6
∫
1
dx
(x - 1)2
3
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using the Trapezoidal Rule.
A) 368 B) 15 C) 46 D) 92
Answer: D
312) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
π/2
∫ 4 sin x dx
-π/2
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using the Trapezoidal Rule.
A) 322 B) 58 C) 228 D) 114
Answer: A
52
313) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
4
∫ (7x2 - 3x)dx
0
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using Simpson's Rule.
A) 26 B) 1 C) 2 D) 0
Answer: C
314) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
3
∫ (6x4 - 5x)dx
1
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using Simpson's Rule.
A) 38 B) 30 C) 84 D) 24
Answer: D
315) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
5
∫ x + 4 dx
0
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using Simpson's Rule.
A) 7 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
Answer: C
316) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
5
∫
1
dx
x-1
2
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using Simpson's Rule.
A) 570 B) 24 C) 48 D) 6
Answer: B
317) Estimate the minimum number of subintervals needed to approximate the integral
π
∫ 4 cos x dx
0
with an error of magnitude less than 10-4 using Simpson's Rule.
A) 16 B) 19 C) 20 D) 18
Answer: D
53
318) Suppose that the accompanying table shows the velocity of a car every second for 8 seconds. Use the Trapezoidal Rule
to approximate the distance traveled by the car in the 8 seconds. Round your answer to the nearest tenth if necessary.
319) Suppose that the accompanying table shows the velocity of a car every second for 8 seconds. Use Simpson's Rule to
approximate the distance traveled by the car in the 8 seconds. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth if necessary.
320) A data-recording thermometer recorded the soil temperature in a field every 2 hours from noon to midnight, as
shown in the following table. Use the Trapezoidal Rule to estimate the average temperature for the 12-hour
period. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth if necessary.
54
321) The following table shows the rate of water flow (in gal/min) from a stream into a pond during a 30-minute
period after a thunderstorm. Use the Trapezoidal Rule to estimate the total amount of water flowing into the pond
during this period. Round your answer to the nearest gallon.
322) The following table shows the rate of water flow (in gal/min) from a stream into a pond during a 30-minute
period after a thunderstorm. Use Simpson's Rule to estimate the total amount of water flowing into the pond during
this period. Round your answer to the nearest gallon.
323) A surveyor measured the length of a piece of land at 100-ft intervals (x), as shown in the table. Use Simpson's Rule
to estimate the area of the piece of land in square feet.
x Length (ft)
0 40
10050
20070
30045
40040
A) 21,000 ft2 B) 20,000 ft2 C) 20,500 ft2 D) 24,500 ft2
Answer: B
55
324) A rectangular swimming pool is being constructed, 18 feet long and 100 feet wide. The depth of the pool is
measured at 3-foot intervals across the length of the pool. Estimate the volume of water in the pool using the
Trapezoidal Rule.
325) A rectangular swimming pool is being constructed, 18 feet long and 100 feet wide. The depth of the pool is
measured at 3-foot intervals across the length of the pool. Estimate the volume of water in the pool using Simpson's
Rule.
2
326) The growth rate of a certain tree (in feet) is given by y = + e-t2/2 , where t is time in years. Estimate the
t+ 1
total growth of the tree through the end of the second year by using Simpson's rule. Use 2 subintervals. Round
your answer to the nearest hundredth.
A) 2.34 ft B) 3.41 ft C) 3.68 ft D) 5.11 ft
Answer: B
327) The height of a vase is 5 inches. The table shows the circumference of the vase (in inches) at half-inch intervals
starting from the top down. Estimate the volume of the vase by using the Trapezoidal rule with n = 10. Round
your answer to the nearest thousandth. [Hint: you will first need to find the areas of the cross-sections that
correspond to the given circumferences.]
Circumferences
4.7 8.1
4.2 9.4
4.1 10.1
4.8 8.5
5.6 6.4
6.8
A) 61.856 in.3 B) 101.552 in. 3 C) 105.479 in. 3 D) 62.876 in. 3
Answer: A
56
328) The length of one arch of the curve y = 3 sin 2x is given by
π/2
L= ∫ 1 + 36cos22x dx
0
Estimate L by the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 6.
A) 6.4115 B) 6.1995 C) 6.2807 D) 5.8169
Answer: C
π
330) Estimate the area of the surface generated by revolving the curve y = cos 2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ about the x-axis.
4
Use the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 6.
A) 5.108 B) 4.606 C) 7.091 D) 4.652
Answer: B
331) Estimate the area of the surface generated by revolving the curve y = 2x2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 about the x-axis.
Use Simpson's Rule with n = 6.
A) 1024.885 B) 1007.254 C) 1021.107 D) 996.028
Answer: A
57
333) The "trapezoidal" sum can be calculated in terms of the left and right-hand sums as ? .
left-hand sum + right-hand sum
A) left-hand sum + right-hand sum B)
2
Answer: B
334) When we use Simpson's rule to approximate a definite integral, it is necessary that the number of partitions be
?.
A) either an even or odd number B) a multiple of 4
C) an odd number D) an even number
Answer: D
337) The error formula for the Trapezoidal Rule depends upon
i) f(x).
ii) f'(x).
iii) f'' (x).
iv) the number of steps
A) i and iii B) i, iii, and iv C) ii and iv D) iii and iv
Answer: D
∫
14
338) dx
8x(x + 1)2
1
A) Divergent B) 0.337 C) -1.569 D) 1.569
Answer: B
∫
dx
339)
2
x - 25
6
1 1 1 1 1
A) ln 11 B) ln C) ln 6 D) - ln 11
10 10 6 10 5
Answer: A
58
∞
∫
dt
340)
2
t - 4t
5
1 1 1
A) - ln 5 B) 4 ln 5 C) ln 5 D) ln 4
4 4 5
Answer: C
∫
2dx
341)
64 + x2
0
π π
A) B) C) 0 D) π + 8
8 64
Answer: A
0
∫
15
342) dx
(x - 1)2
-∞
A) Divergent B) 30 C) -15 D) 15
Answer: D
∫
10x
343) dx
-∞ (x2 - 1)2
A) 0 B) 20 C) 10 D) Divergent
Answer: A
∫
1
344) dx
x(x2 + 5)
1
ln 6
A) ln 6 B) C) Divergent D) ln 4
10
Answer: B
-5
∫
2
345) dx
x3
-∞
1 1 2
A) - B) - C) Divergent D)
390625 25 25
Answer: B
∫
dx
346)
x 3.933
1
1 1 1
A) B) C) Divergent D)
4.933 2.933 3.933
Answer: B
59
∞
∫
dx
347)
(x - 5)( x - 4)
6
1 1
A) ln 2 B) ln 6 C) ln 5 D) - ln 2
2 5
Answer: A
0
∫
dx
348)
(25 + x) x
-∞
π π
A) B) 0 C) -5π D) -
5 5
Answer: D
∞
349) ∫ 21e-21x dx
0
A) Divergent B) 0 C) -1 D) 1
Answer: D
∞
350) ∫ x3 e-x4 dx
-∞
1 1
A) - B) 0 C) D) Divergent
2 4
Answer: B
0
351) ∫ 7xe3x dx
-∞
A) Divergent B) -0.7778 C) 0.3333 D) -4.667
Answer: B
∞
36(1 + tan-1 x)
352) ∫ 1 + x2
dx
0
π π π 2
A) 18π 1 + B) 36 ln 1 + C) 18 1 + D) 18π
4 2 2
Answer: A
0
353) ∫ 4 ex sin x dx
-∞
A) - 2 B) 0 C) -4 D) 2
Answer: A
60
∞
∫
9
354) dx
2
(1 + x )tan-1x
1
π π 9 π 2
A) 9 ln 1 + B) 9 ln 2 C) 9 ln D) 1+
2 2 2 2
Answer: B
∞
355) ∫ 21xe2x dx
0
A) 1.6667 B) 2.6667 C) 1.3333 D) Divergent
Answer: D
e
356) ∫ 11e-x dx
-∞
A) -11 B) 11 C) Divergent D) 22
Answer: C
∞
357) ∫ 22xe-x dx
-∞
A) Divergent B) 22 C) 0 D) -22
Answer: A
1
∫
dx
359)
x2/3
-8
A) -3 B) 9 C) 0 D) 3
Answer: B
9
∫
dx
360)
0 81 - x2
π π
A) 1 B) 18 C) D)
2 18
Answer: C
61
18/ 3
∫
dt
361)
9 t t2 - 81
π 1 π π
A) B) C) D)
54 9 18 3
Answer: A
25
∫
dx
362)
x - 16
0
A) -2 B) 6 C) 14 D) 7
Answer: C
4
363) ∫ x ln4x dx
0
1
A) 8 ln16 - 4 B) 8 ln16 - 8 C) 8 ln4 - 4 D) - ln16 + 4
2
Answer: A
2
∫
x
364) dx
0 4 - x2
A) 4 B) 2 C) -2 D) -4
Answer: B
9
x2 dx
366) ∫ 81 - x2
0
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
ln 8
367) ∫ x-3e1/x2 dx
0
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: B
7
∫
dx
368)
49 - x2
0
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
62
π/2
369) ∫ sec θ dθ
0
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
π/2
∫
sin t
370) dt
t
0
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
1
∫
1
371) dx
x ln x
-1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
3
372) ∫ x - 2 -4/3 dx
0
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: B
2
∫
dx
373) dx
x-1
0
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
5 - x-4
∫
e
374) dx
x-4
4
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
π
∫
sin θ dθ
375)
(π - θ)2/5
0
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
∫
4
376) dx
(x + 1)2
2
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
63
∞
∫
1
377) dx
9
x +2
1
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
∫
5x + 7
378)
8x + 6x2 + 1
3
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
5
379)
2
x +3
1
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: B
∫
6x + 2
380)
x2
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
dx
381)
-∞ 5x6 + 1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
x
382) dx
1 x4 + 8
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
dx
383)
x 2/5 +2
1
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: B
∫
dx
384)
x7/2
4
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
64
∞
∫
dx
385)
6
10 x-9
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: B
0
386) ∫ 4e5x dx
-∞
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
ln ∣x∣
387) dx
x
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
∞
ex
388) ∫ 1 + x2
dx
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
∫
sin x
389) dx
x2
1
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
∞
x6
390) ∫ ex - 1
dx
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∫
dx
391) dx
15 ex - x4
A) Converges B) Diverges
Answer: A
∞
392) ∫ e-x sin x dx
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
65
-3
393) ∫ (e100x + x3 )dx
-∞
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
∞
8 ex
394) ∫ ln x
dx
1
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: A
∞
395) ∫ 5xe-x2 dx
-∞
A) Diverges B) Converges
Answer: B
397) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = 8x-2 , the x-axis, and on the left by x = 1.
A) 64 B) 8 C) 4 D) 16
Answer: B
1
398) Find the area under the curve y = bounded on the left by x = 15.
(x + 1)3/2
2 1 1
A) 8 B) C) D)
15 4 2
Answer: D
8
399) Find the area under y = in the first quadrant.
1 + x2
A) 2π B) 16π C) 4π D) 8π
Answer: C
12
400) Find the area between the graph of y = and the x-axis, for -∞ < x ≤ 0.
(x - 1)2
A) 1 B) 12 C) 6 D) 24
Answer: B
66
7
401) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region under the curve y = , from x = 1 to x = ∞, about
x
the x-axis.
1
A) π B) 14π C) 7 D) 7π
7
Answer: D
402) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region under the curve y = 8e-2x in the first quadrant
about the y-axis.
A) 64π B) 8π3 C) 4π D) 8π
Answer: D
4
403) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant under the curve y = ,
x2
bounded on the left by x = 1, about the x-axis.
4 16
A) π B) 16π C) 4π D) π
5 3
Answer: D
404) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the area under y = 6e-x in the first quadrant about the
y-axis.
A) 6π B) 1 C) 12π D) 24π
Answer: C
405) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the area under y = 8e-x in the first quadrant about the
x-axis
A) 128π B) 64π C) 8π D) 32π
Answer: D
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1 1
407) A student wishes to take the integral over all real numbers of f(x) = , if x < 0 , if x > 0 and claims this is
x x2
zero because - ∞ + ∞ equals zero. What is wrong with this thinking?
Answer: Infinity cannot be added like this.
67
b
408) A student claims that ∫ f(x) dx always exists, as long as a and b are both positive. Refute this by giving an
a
example of a function for which this is not true.
1
Answer: Answers will vary, but f(x) = where a < c < b and d a positive integer is a family of examples.
(x - c)d
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
+∞ -1
409) A student knows that ∫ dx = 57. Can ∫ f(x) dx be found, and if so, what is it?
a -∞
A) No B) Yes, -57
Answer: A
+∞ +∞
410) A student knows that ∫ f(x) dx diverges, but needs to investigate ∫ g(x) dx , where g(x) = 30f(x). Does
a a
this integral necessarily also diverge?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
+∞ a
411) A student knows that ∫ f(x) dx converges. Does ∫ f(x) dx also necessarily converge?
a -∞
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
+∞ +∞
412) A student needs ∫ e-|x| dx . Is this integral the same as 2 ∫ e-|x| dx , and if so, why?
-∞ 0
Answer: Yes, the function is symmetric about the y-axis.
∞ ∞
4x3 4x3
413) i) Show that ∫ x4 + 1
dx diverges, and hence ∫ x4 + 1
dx diverges.
0 -∞
b
4x3
ii) Show that lim ∫
b→∞ -b x4 + 1
dx = 0.
∞ b
4x3 4x3
∫ ∫
b
Answer: i) dx = lim dx = lim ln (x4 + 1) 0 = lim (ln (b4+1) - ln 1) = ∞
x4 + 1 b →∞ x4 + 1 b →∞ b→∞
0 0
b
4x3
∫
b
ii) lim dx = lim ln (x4 + 1) 4 4
-b = lim (ln (b +1) - ln (b +1)) = lim 0 = 0
b→∞ -b x4 + 1 b→∞ b→∞ b→∞
68
3 ∞ 5 ∞
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
dx dx dx dx
414) Show that + = + .
1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2
-∞ 3 -∞ 5
3 ∞ 5 5 5 ∞ 5
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx
Answer: + = - + + = +
1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2
-∞ 3 -∞ 3 3 5 -∞
∞
∫
dx
1 + x2
5
b
x-1
= lim ln
b→∞ x 2
b
= lim ln (x 1)
- - ln x
b→∞ 2
b
∫
1 1
= lim - dx
b→∞ 2 x-1 x
∞
∫
1 1
= - dx
x-1 x
2
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
1 1
= dx - dx
x-1 x
2 2
b b
= lim ln(x - 1) - lim ln x
b→∞ 2 b→∞ 2
= ∞- ∞
b b
Answer: The mistake is in the second to last step: lim ln(x - 1) - lim ln x = ln ∞ - ln ∞ + ln 2 = ln 2
b→∞ 2 b→∞ 2
69
∞
∫
dx
416) (a) Show that converges.
3
x +1
0
∞
∫
dx
(b) Show that ≤ 0.0002.
x3 + 1
50
∞ 50
∫ ∫
dx dx
(c) Suppose is approximated by . Based on your
3
x +1 3
x +1
0 0
answer to part (b), what is the maximum possible error?
∞
∫
dx
(d) Use a numerical method to estimate the value of .
3
x +1
0
∞
∫
dx
(e) Determine whether converges or diverges, and justify
x3 + 1
-1
your answer. If it converges, estimate its value to an accuracy of at
least two decimal places.
Answer: (a) Possible answer:
∞ 1 ∞
∫ ∫ ∫
dx dx dx
Note that = + .
3
x +1 3
x +1 3
x +1
0 0 1
1 ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
Since is a proper integral and converges
3
x +1 3
x +1
0 1
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
by direct comparison to , converges.
x3 x3 + 1
1 0
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
(b) ≤ = 0.0002.
3
x +1 x3
50 50
(c) 0.0002
(d) 1.209
(e) diverges
70
1
417) Let f(x) = , x ≥ 1.
x2
(a) Find the area of the region between the graph of y = f(x) and
the x-axis.
(b) If the region described in part (a) is revolved about the x-axis,
what is the volume of the solid that is generated?
(c) A surface is generated by revolving the graph of y = f(x) about
the x-axis. Write an integral expression for the surface area and
show that the integral converges.
(d) Use numerical techniques to estimate the area of the region in
part (c), to an accuracy of at least two decimal places.
Answer: (a) 1
π
(b)
3
∞
∫
1
(c) 2π x6 + 4 dx converges by using the limit comparison
x5
1
test with the function y = x-2.
(d) 7.61
3x - 1
418) (a) Express as a sum of partial fractions.
2
x - 3x - 10
∫ x2 - 3x - 10 dx .
3x - 1
(b) Evaluate
2x2 - 3x - 21
(c) Evaluate ∫ x2 - 3x - 10 dx .
1 2
Answer: (a) +
x+2 x-5
(b) ln x + 2 + 2ln x - 5 + C
(c) 2x + ln x + 2 + 2ln x - 5 + C
(d) y = 2(x + 2)(x - 5)2
1
∫
1
419) (a) Find the values of p for which dx converges.
xp
0
1
∫
1
(b) Find the values of p for which dx diverges.
xp
0
Answer: (a) The integral converges if p <1.
(b) The integral diverges if p ≥ 1.
71
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
1
420) (a) Show that e-2x dx = e-4 < 0.0092 and hence that e-x2 dx < 0.0092.
2
2 2
∞ 2
(b) Explain why this means that ∫ e-x2 dx can be replaced by ∫ e-x2 dx without introducing an error of
0 0
magnitude greater than 0.0092.
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1
Answer: (a) e-2x dx = lim e-2x dx = lim - e-2b + e-4 = e-4 < 0.0092
b→∞ 2 b→∞ 2 2 2
2
∞ ∞ ∞
(b) Since 0 < e-x2 ≤ e-2x for x ≥ 2, ∫ e-x2 dx ≤ ∫ e-2x dx . So ∫ e-x2 dx < 0.0092. Therefore,
2 2 2
∞ 2 ∞ 2
∫ e-x2 dx = ∫ e-x2 dx + ∫ e-x2 dx ≈ ∫ e-x2 dx, with an error of magnitude no greater than
0 0 2 0
0.0092.
∫
1 1
421) The Cauchy density function, f(x) = , occurs in probability theory. Show that dx = 1.
π(1 + x2 ) π(1 + x2 )
-∞
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1 1 1 π 1
Answer: dx = lim dx = lim tan-1 b - tan-1 0 = = . Since f(x) is an even
π(1 + x2) b→∞ π 0 1 + x2 b→∞ π π 2 2
0
0 ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1 1 1
function, dx = and dx = + = 1.
2
π(1 + x ) 2 2
π(1 + x ) 2 2
-∞ -∞
1 - x2 /2
422) The standard normal probability density function is defined by f(x) = e .
2π
∞
∫
1 1
(a) Show that x e- x2 /2 dx = .
2π 2π
0
(b) Use the result in part (a) to show that the standard normal probability density function has mean 0.
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1 b 1
Answer: (a) x e- x2 /2 dx = lim x e- x2 /2 dx = lim - e- x2 /2 0 = .
2π b→∞ 2π b→∞ 2π 2π
0 0
0 ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1
(b) Since y = x e- x2/2 is an odd function, x e- x2 /2 dx = - x e- x2 /2 dx = -
2π 2π 2π
-∞ 0
∞ 0
∫ ∫
1 1 1
. The mean of the distribution is equal to x e- x2 /2 dx = x e- x2 /2 dx +
2π 2π 2π
-∞ -∞
∞
∫
1 1 1
x e- x2 /2 dx = - + = 0.
2π 2π 2π
0
72
1 - x2 /2
423) The standard normal probability density function is defined by f(x) = e .
2π
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 2 1
(a) Use the fact that e- x2 /2 dx = 1 to show that x2 e- x /2 dx = .
2π 2π 2
-∞ 0
(b) Use the result in part (a) to show that the standard normal probability density function has variance 1.
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1
Answer: (a) Since e- x2 /2 dx = 1 and f(x) is an even function, e- x2 /2 dx = . Then
2π 2π 2
-∞ 0
∞ b b
∫ ∫ ∫
1 2 1 2 1 b
x2 e- x /2 dx = lim x2 e- x /2 dx = lim -x e-x2 /2 0 + e- x2/2 dx =
2π b→∞ 0 2π b→∞ 2π
0 0
∞
∫
1 1
e- x2 /2 dx = .
2π 2
0
∞ 0
∫ ∫
1 2 1 2
(b) The variance of the distribution is equal to x2 e- x /2 dx = x2 e- x /2 dx +
2π 2π
-∞ -∞
∞
∫
1 2 1 1
x2 e- x /2 dx = + = 1.
2π 2 2
0
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the function is a probability density function over the given interval.
1
424) f(x) = x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
8
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
1
425) f(x) = x, 6 ≤ x ≤ 8
3
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
ln(1 + ln9)
426) f(x) = 9 x over 0,
ln9
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
4
x≥0
427) f(x) = π(x2 + 1)
0 x<0
A) No B) Yes
Answer: A
π π
428) f(x) = 5 sin 5x over ,
10 5
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
73
Find the indicated probability.
429) f(x) = e-x; [0, ∞), P(x ≥ 7)
A) 0
B) 0.9991
C) 0.0009
D) The function f(x) is not a probability density function.
Answer: C
1 -x/4
430) f(x) = e ; [0, ∞), P(1 ≤ x ≤ 4)
4
A) 0.0685 B) 0.1027 C) 0.4109 D) 0.0514
Answer: C
π π π
431) f(x) = cos x over 0, ,P ≤ x≤
2 7 3
A) 0.432 B) -0.401 C) 0.866 D) 0.566
Answer: A
4
432) f(x) = 3x - x over [0, 1], P(0.8 < x)
3
A) 0.132 B) 0.232 C) 0.872 D) 1.792
Answer: B
Find the value of the constant k so that the given function in a probability density function for a random variable over the
specified interval.
433) f(x) = k(19 - x) over [0, 19]
1 2
A) B) C) 361 D) 19
361 361
Answer: B
k
434) f(x) = over [1, 17]
x
2 1
A) 1 - ln 17 B) ln 17 C) D)
ln 17 ln 17
Answer: D
1
436) f(x) = x over [4, k]
7
A) 23 B) 30 C) 3 2 D) 30
Answer: D
74
437) f(x) = 6e-5x over [0, k]
1 11 1 1 5
A) - ln B) ln 6 C) e-5x ln 6 D) ln
5 6 5 5 6
Answer: B
For the given probability density function, over the stated interval, find the requested value.
1
438) f(x) = x, over [1, 4]; Find the mean.
7
62 6 64
A) B) C) D) 3
21 7 21
Answer: D
1 2
439) f(x) = x , over [-2, 4]; Find the mean.
3
64 62 41
A) B) C) D) 20
3 3 2
Answer: D
7 7
1≤x≤
440) f(x) = x2 6 ; Find the median.
0 Otherwise
14 7 1 7
A) B) 7 ln C) D)
13 6 2 12
Answer: A
1
441) f(x) = x over [0, 2]; Find the median.
2
1 1
A) B) 2 C) 2 D)
4 2
Answer: C
443) The average life (in months) of an automobile battery is 3 months. If the battery life is exponentially distributed,
find the probability that the life of a randomly selected battery is greater than 5 years.
A) 0.2704 B) 0.0630 C) 0.8111 D) 0.1889
Answer: D
444) The time between major earthquakes in the Alaska panhandle region can be modeled with an exponential
distribution having a mean of 620 days. Find the probability that the time between a major earthquake and the
next one is less than 250 days.
A) 0.0005 B) 0.6682 C) 0.3318 D) 0.0011
Answer: C
75
445) The lifetime of an appliance that costs $500 is exponentially distributed with a mean of 4 years. The
manufacturer gives a full refund if the appliance fails in the first year following its purchase. If the
manufacturer sells 500 printers, how much should it expect to pay in refunds?
A) $553 B) $194,700 C) $55,300 D) $49,770
Answer: C
446) The amount of time that goes by between a new driver getting a license and the moment the driver is involved
in an accident is exponentially distributed. An insurance company observes a sample of new drivers and finds
that 60% are involved in an accident during the first 4 years after they get their driver's license. In a group of 300
new drivers, how many should the insurance company expect to be involved in an accident during the first 6.0
years after receiving their license?
A) ≈ 85 drivers B) ≈ 224 drivers C) ≈ 215 drivers D) ≈ 270 drivers
Answer: C
447) A physical fitness association is including the mile run in its secondary-school fitness test. The time for this
event for boys in secondary school is known to possess a normal distribution with a mean of 440 seconds and a
standard deviation of 60 seconds. Find the probability that a randomly selected boy in secondary school can run
the mile in less than 302 seconds.
A) 0.4893 B) 0.5107 C) 0.9893 D) 0.0107
Answer: D
448) A physical fitness association is including the mile run in its secondary-school fitness test. The time for this
event for boys in secondary school is known to possess a normal distribution with a mean of 450 seconds and a
standard deviation of 60 seconds. Find the probability that a randomly selected boy in secondary school will
take longer than 312 seconds to run the mile.
A) 0.0107 B) 0.4893 C) 0.9893 D) 0.5107
Answer: C
449) Suppose a brewery has a filling machine that fills 12 ounce bottles of beer. It is known that the amount of beer
poured by this filling machine follows a normal distribution with a mean of 12.14 ounces and a standard
deviation of 0.04 ounce. Find the probability that the bottle contains fewer than 12.04 ounces of beer.
A) 0.4938 B) 0.5062 C) 0.9938 D) 0.0062
Answer: D
450) Suppose a brewery has a filling machine that fills 12 ounce bottles of beer. It is known that the amount of beer
poured by this filling machine follows a normal distribution with a mean of 12.14 onces and a standard
deviation of 0.04 ounce. Find the probability that the bottle contains more than 12.14 ounces of beer.
A) 0.5 B) 0 C) 1 D) 0.4
Answer: A
451) Suppose a brewery has a filling machine that fills 12 ounce bottles of beer. It is known that the amount of beer
poured by this filling machine follows a normal distribution with a mean of 12.49 ounces and a standard
deviation of 0.04 ounce. Find the probability that the bottle contains between 12.39 and 12.45 ounces.
A) 0.8351 B) 0.8475 C) 0.1649 D) 0.1525
Answer: D
452) The length of time it takes college students to find a parking spot in the library parking lot follows a normal
distribution with a mean of 4.0 minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute. Find the probability that a
randomly selected college student will find a parking spot in the library parking lot in less than 3.5 minutes.
A) 0.1915 B) 0.3551 C) 0.2674 D) 0.3085
Answer: D
76
453) The length of time it takes college students to find a parking spot in the library parking lot follows a normal
distribution with a mean of 5.0 minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute. Find the probability that a
randomly selected college student will take between 3.5 and 6.0 minutes to find a parking spot in the library lot.
A) 0.7745 B) 0.0919 C) 0.2255 D) 0.4938
Answer: A
454) The pulse rate for a species of small mammal follows a normal distribution with a mean μ = 205 beats per
minute and standard deviation σ = 30 beats per minute. In a population of 800 of these mammals, how many
would you expect to have a pulse rate between 193 and 241?
A) ≈ 384 of these mammals B) ≈ 552 of these mammals
C) ≈ 400 of these mammals D) ≈ 432 of these mammals
Answer: D
455) The lifespan for a pair of walking shoes is normally distributed with a mean of μ = 760,000 steps and standard
deviation of σ = 17,000 steps. If a manufacture produces 5000 pairs of these shoes, how many can be expected to
last for at least 773,600 steps?
A) ≈ 1059 pairs B) ≈ 1004 pairs C) ≈ 1094 pairs D) ≈ 1159 pairs
Answer: A
456) There are 3 balls in a hat; one with the number 3 on it, one with the number 4 on it, and one with the number 7
on it. You pick a ball from the hat at random and then you flip a coin to obtain heads (H) or tails (T). Determine
the set of possible outcomes.
A) {3 H, 4 H, 7 H} B) {3 H, 3 T, 4 H, 4 T, 7 H, 7 T}
C) {3 H T, 4 H T, 7 H T} D) {3 4 7 H, 3 4 7 T}
Answer: B
457) There are 3 balls in a hat; one with the number 1 on it, one with the number 5 on it, and one with the number 9
on it. You pick a ball from the hat at random and then you flip a coin to obtain heads (H) or tails (T). Determine
the set of possible outcomes, then find the probability that the number on the ball is greater than 6.
1 1 2 1
A) B) C) D)
6 3 3 4
Answer: B
458) Two dice are tossed, and the random variable X assigns to each outcome the sum of the number of dots showing
on each face. What is the probability that X = 5?
5 8 1
A) 4 B) C) D)
6 9 9
Answer: D
459) Two dice are rolled, and the random variable X assigns to each outcome the sum of the number of dots showing
on each face. What is the probability that X > 10?
1 1 5
A) B) C) 3 D)
18 12 18
Answer: B
77
460) A spinner marked off in five equal-sized regions, numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, is spun twice. Let the random variable X
be the sum of the numbers of the regions where the pointer stops.
(a) Find the set of possible outcomes
(b) Create a probability bar graph for X.
A) (a) {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(b)
1/5
6 7 8 9 10
B) (a) {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
(b)
5/25
1/25
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
C) (a) {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
(b)
1/5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
78
D) (a) {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
(b)
9/25
5/25
1/25
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Answer: B
79
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
1) C
2) C
3) A
4) D
5) D
6) A
7) C
8) D
9) B
10) B
11) B
12) A
13) D
14) A
15) C
16) C
17) D
18) A
19) B
20) C
21) B
22) D
23) B
24) A
25) D
26) C
27) B
28) B
29) A
30) B
31) A
32) D
33) A
34) D
35) D
36) B
37) D
38) C
39) C
40) A
41) D
42) B
43) C
44) B
45) A
46) C
47) A
48) C
49) B
50) B
80
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
51) C
52) D
53) B
54) B
55) A
56) D
57) B
58) C
59) D
60) C
61) D
62) A
63) A
64) B
65) B
66) C
67) C
68) D
69) B
70) C
71) D
72) D
73) A
74) A
75) B
76) A
77) C
78) B
79) B
80) C
81) D
82) B
83) C
84) D
85) B
86) B
87) D
88) B
89) C
90) B
91) A
92) D
93) C
94) C
95) A
96) A
97) D
98) D
99) C
100) B
81
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
101) C
102) A
103) C
104) A
105) D
106) B
107) B
108) C
109) D
110) D
111) D
112) A
113) D
114) C
115) A
116) D
117) B
118) C
119) A
120) B
121) A
122) D
123) B
124) A
125) C
126) D
127) D
128) D
129) D
130) C
131) B
132) D
133) B
134) D
135) A
136) B
137) C
138) A
139) C
140) B
141) B
142) D
143) A
144) D
145) A
146) B
147) B
148) A
149) C
150) C
82
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
151) B
152) B
153) A
154) C
155) A
156) A
157) D
158) A
159) B
160) C
161) D
162) C
163) B
164) B
165) B
166) A
167) A
168) C
169) C
170) B
171) B
172) B
173) C
174) C
175) D
176) B
177) B
178) C
179) C
180) D
181) B
182) A
183) A
184) C
185) D
186) B
187) A
188) B
189) B
190) A
191) B
192) A
193) B
194) D
195) A
196) D
197) B
198) D
199) C
200) D
83
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
201) C
202) C
203) A
204) D
205) D
206) B
207) D
208) D
209) D
210) D
211) B
212) A
213) B
214) D
215) C
216) D
217) B
218) D
219) B
220) D
221) B
222) C
223) B
224) C
225) B
226) D
227) A
228) D
229) C
230) B
231) D
232) A
233) C
234) A
235) A
236) A
237) B
238) D
239) D
240) D
241) D
242) B
243) C
244) B
245) C
246) A
247) B
248) B
249) D
250) A
84
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
251) D
252) D
253) C
254) D
255) C
256) B
257) C
258) B
259) D
260) C
261) A
262) D
263) B
264) D
265) C
266) B
267) A
268) B
269) B
270) D
271) A
272) C
273) B
274) D
275) B
276) B
277) D
278) B
279) A
280) B
281) A
282) D
283) A
284) A
285) D
286) B
287) A
288) C
289) C
290) B
291) B
292) C
293) D
294) D
295) D
296) B
297) D
298) C
299) A
300) D
85
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
301) C
302) A
303) B
304) C
305) B
306) D
307) C
308) C
309) A
310) C
311) D
312) A
313) C
314) D
315) C
316) B
317) D
318) D
319) B
320) B
321) A
322) D
323) B
324) C
325) D
326) B
327) A
328) C
329) B
330) B
331) A
332) D
333) B
334) D
335) A
336) D
337) D
338) B
339) A
340) C
341) A
342) D
343) A
344) B
345) B
346) B
347) A
348) D
349) D
350) B
86
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
351) B
352) A
353) A
354) B
355) D
356) C
357) A
358) C
359) B
360) C
361) A
362) C
363) A
364) B
365) B
366) A
367) B
368) A
369) A
370) B
371) A
372) B
373) A
374) B
375) A
376) A
377) A
378) B
379) B
380) B
381) B
382) B
383) B
384) A
385) B
386) B
387) A
388) A
389) A
390) B
391) A
392) B
393) B
394) A
395) B
396) C
397) B
398) D
399) C
400) B
87
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
401) D
402) D
403) D
404) C
405) D
406) The only way the limit of the integral can exist is if the limit of the function is zero.
407) Infinity cannot be added like this.
1
408) Answers will vary, but f(x) = where a < c < b and d a positive integer is a family of examples.
(x - c)d
409) A
410) A
411) B
412) Yes, the function is symmetric about the y-axis.
∞ b
4x3 4x3
∫ ∫
b
413) i) dx = lim dx = lim ln (x4 + 1) 0 = lim (ln (b4 +1) - ln 1) = ∞
x4 + 1 b→∞ x4 + 1 b→∞ b→∞
0 0
b
4x3
∫
b
ii) lim dx = lim ln (x4 + 1) -b = lim (ln (b4 +1) - ln (b4 +1)) = lim 0 = 0
b→∞ -b x + 1 4 b→∞ b→∞ b→∞
3 ∞ 5 5 5 ∞ 5 ∞
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx dx
414) + = - + + = +
1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x 2 1 + x2
-∞ 3 -∞ 3 3 5 -∞ 5
b b
415) The mistake is in the second to last step: lim ln(x - 1) - lim ln x = ln ∞ - ln ∞ + ln 2 = ln 2
b→∞ 2 b→∞ 2
416) (a) Possible answer:
∞ 1 ∞
∫ ∫ ∫
dx dx dx
Note that = + .
x3 + 1 x3 + 1 x3 + 1
0 0 1
1 ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
Since is a proper integral and converges
3
x +1 3
x +1
0 1
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
by direct comparison to , converges.
x3 x3 + 1
1 0
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
dx dx
(b) ≤ = 0.0002.
3
x +1 x3
50 50
(c) 0.0002
(d) 1.209
(e) diverges
88
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
417) (a) 1
π
(b)
3
∞
∫
1
(c) 2π x6 + 4 dx converges by using the limit comparison
x5
1
test with the function y = x-2 .
(d) 7.61
1 2
418) (a) +
x+2 x-5
(b) ln x + 2 + 2ln x - 5 + C
(c) 2x + ln x + 2 + 2ln x - 5 + C
(d) y = 2(x + 2)(x - 5)2
419) (a) The integral converges if p <1.
(b) The integral diverges if p ≥ 1.
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1
420) (a) e-2x dx = lim e-2x dx = lim - e-2b + e-4 = e-4 < 0.0092
b→∞ 2 b→∞ 2 2 2
2
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
(b) Since 0 < e-x2 ≤ e-2x for x ≥ 2, ∫ e-x2 dx ≤ ∫ e-2x dx . So ∫ e-x2 dx < 0.0092. Therefore, ∫ e-x2 dx =
2 2 2 0
2 ∞ 2
∫ e-x2 dx + ∫ e-x2 dx ≈ ∫ e-x2 dx, with an error of magnitude no greater than 0.0092.
0 2 0
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1 1 1 π 1
421) dx = lim dx = lim tan-1 b - tan-1 0 = = . Since f(x) is an even function,
π(1 + x2 ) b→∞ π 1 + x2 b→∞ π π 2 2
0 0
0 ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1 1 1
dx = and dx = + = 1.
π(1 + x2) 2 π(1 + x2) 2 2
-∞ -∞
∞ b
∫ ∫
1 1 1 b 1
422) (a) x e- x2 /2 dx = lim x e- x2 /2 dx = lim - e- x2 /2 0 = .
2π b→∞ 2π b→∞ 2π 2π
0 0
0 ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1 1
(b) Since y = x e- x2 /2 is an odd function, x e- x2/2 dx = - x e- x2 /2 dx = - . The mean
2π 2π 2π 2π
-∞ 0
∞ 0 ∞
∫ ∫ ∫
1 1 1 1
of the distribution is equal to x e- x2 /2 dx = x e- x2/2 dx + x e- x2/2 dx = - +
2π 2π 2π 2π
-∞ -∞ 0
1
= 0.
2π
89
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
∞ ∞
∫ ∫
1 1 1
423) (a) Since e- x2 /2 dx = 1 and f(x) is an even function, e- x2 /2 dx = . Then
2π 2π 2
-∞ 0
∞ b b
∫ ∫ ∫
1 2 1 2 1 b 1
x2 e- x /2 dx = lim x2 e- x /2 dx = lim -x e-x2 /2 0 + e- x2 /2 dx =
2π b→∞ 0 2π b→∞ 2π 2π
0 0
∞
∫
1
e- x2 /2 dx = .
2
0
∞ 0
∫ ∫
1 2 1 2
(b) The variance of the distribution is equal to x2 e- x /2 dx = x2 e- x /2 dx +
2π 2π
-∞ -∞
∞
∫
1 2 1 1
x2 e- x /2 dx = + = 1.
2π 2 2
0
424) A
425) B
426) A
427) A
428) A
429) C
430) C
431) A
432) B
433) B
434) D
435) C
436) D
437) B
438) D
439) D
440) A
441) C
442) C
443) D
444) C
445) C
446) C
447) D
448) C
449) D
450) A
451) D
452) D
453) A
454) D
455) A
456) B
457) B
458) D
90
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6
459) B
460) B
91
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
showed by the indicator. He told me that he was then filling a large
order for traction engines for Australia, and this valve and valve-gear
were the very thing for them. I went back to Manchester happy in the
satisfaction of having accomplished one thing in the engine line at
any rate.
A few weeks after, being in London, I went to Rochester to see
how the new valve-gear was progressing. The first thing I saw was
my valve and valve-gear hanging up in the storeroom. Mr. Aveling
explained to me that he had been advised by engineers, whose
advice by his contract with his financial partner he was obliged to
follow, that the narrow faces on my valve would wear away faster
than the wider faces, and the valve would come to leak, and if he put
it on his engine it would ruin his business. He did not believe it; it
seemed to him absurd, but he was powerless.
This was the nearest approach I ever made myself towards the
introduction of this valve. In 1875 I seemed to have a promising
opening. I received a note from Mr. M. N. Forney, then editor of the
Railway Gazette, calling my attention to this valve and its description
in his “Catechism of the Locomotive,” just published, and stating that
this was the only patented invention in the book.
He added that he had had conferences with Mr. Buchanan,
foreman of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad repair
shops in New York City, about trying this valve on their locomotives,
and Mr. Buchanan would like to see me.
On my calling, Mr. Buchanan asked me what arrangement I was
willing to make. I replied that they might put the valve on six
locomotives free of royalty. If these valves worked well I would give
them a license on liberal terms. He said he had an express
locomotive then in the shop for which he was making new cylinders;
these were already bored and the valve seats planed, but not yet
trimmed, and in this state there was room to put in these valves,
which he would do; they would be ready in about a fortnight, when
he would send me word, and would be glad to have me go up to
Albany and back on the locomotive and indicate the engines. I have
been waiting for that “word” ever since.
A few days after I met in the street an acquaintance, who asked
me if Mr. Buchanan had agreed to put the Allen valve on an engine. I
replied that he had. Why, said he, Buchanan will no more dare put
that valve on unless Commodore Vanderbilt orders him to, than he
would to cut his head off. He will never persuade the old man to give
that order, and you will never hear of it again; and I never did.
The recollection of another experience with Mr. Aveling has often
amused me. He had an order from the Chatham Dock Yard for a
stationary engine of perhaps 100 horse-power. It was to be
inspected in operation before its acceptance by the government. He
wrote me to come down and bring my indicator and assist him in
exhibiting it running under a friction brake in his shop.
At the hour appointed the inspector appeared, accompanied by
half-a-dozen young officers. He spoke to no one, observed the
engine in operation, took the diagrams from my hand, asked no
question, but proceeded to discourse to his followers on the engine. I
could hardly believe my senses as I listened to the absurdities that
he gravely got off; not a sentence was intelligible. I can see Mr.
Aveling now quietly winking at me, as we stood with respectful
gravity till he had finished, when he turned and marched off without
noticing anybody. This was my only personal encounter with the
English official mind.
CHAPTER XVI
Return to America. Disappointment. My Shop. The Colt Armory Engine designed by Mr. Richards.
Appearance of Mr. Goodfellow. My Surface Plate Work. Formation of a Company.
“Enclosed is a card taken in 1878 with the ‘pantographic’ indicator, for which a silver medal was
awarded me at Paris in that year. The particular indicator with which this card was taken is in the
Museum of the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers.
“Very sincerely yours,
“C. B. Richards.”
This bold and successful piece of engineering would have made easy the
introduction of these engines in New England.
Professor Charles B. Richards
The second engine had been built by a prominent iron works in New York, from Mr.
Allen’s drawings, for a paint mill in South Brooklyn. Both names I have forgotten. Mr.
Allen took me to see this engine soon after I came home. It had then been running
for a year or more, and had given high satisfaction. Its local influence was found
quite valuable to us. This engine is memorable for the following reason: Ten years
afterwards, while building engines in Newark, I received from Mr. Mathieson,
manager of the National Tube Works in McKeesport, Pa., a letter containing an
invitation to make him a tender for two large Allen engines, the largest I had yet
attempted, and which resulted in my building these engines for him. After they were
successfully running, Mr. Mathieson told me how he came to write me. He said he
was the superintendent of the iron works in New York in which Mr. Allen had this
engine built, and was very much impressed by its advantages, especially after he
saw it in operation; and in planning this mill these engines seemed to be just what he
wanted.
Sectional and Front Elevations of One of the Two Pairs of Porter-Allen Engines in the Colt Armory,
Hartford, Conn.
Porter-Allen Engines in the Colt Armory, Hartford, Conn. Front View
Porter-Allen Engines in the Colt Armory, Hartford, Conn. Rear View
STARTING VALVE
Sectional and Side Elevations of One of the Two Pairs of Porter-Allen Engines in the Colt Armory,
Hartford, Conn.
In preparing for the engine manufacture one of my first aims was the production of
true surface plates for finishing my guide-bars, cross-heads, valves, and seats, and
cylinder and steam-chest joints, all of which I made steam-tight scraped joints
requiring no packing. This was a new departure in steam-engine work in this country.
I fancied myself an expert in the art, but found out that there was one degree at least
that I had not taken. I designed several sizes of surface plates, intended primarily to
fit the guide-bars of the engines, and also straight edges 6 feet in length by 2¹⁄₂
inches wide. These are represented in the accompanying cuts.
A STRAIGHT EDGE
B SECTION ON THE LINE A-B
RIGHT-ANGLE PLATE
SURFACE PLATE
SIDE VIEW END VIEW
I found still working in my governor shop a man named Meyers. He was the best
fitter I ever had; had fitted every governor made in my shop, the little engine or the
parts of it that I took to England, and long before had fitted my stone-cutting machine
in Mr. Banks’ shop. This man I taught all I knew about the art of producing true
planes by the system of scraping, and he produced surface plates and straight edges
that seemed to me quite perfect.
The following incident illustrates the general intelligence on this subject at that time
among skilled workmen in this country. As I was inspecting Mr. Meyers’ first work in
scraping, my foreman came along, and after observing it quite a while remarked, “It
is my opinion you will never make a proper job of that, till you put it on the planer and
take a light cut over it.”
One day, not long after we started, George Goodfellow walked into my shop. He
had come from the Whitworth works, had been foreman there of the upstairs room in
which most of the fine scraping on their tools was done. I had a slight acquaintance
with him, but could not remember having been in his room but once, and then only
for a minute or two. He had become disgusted with Mr. Widdowson and the way
things were going on under his management, and had resigned his position and
emigrated to the United States; found out where I was hiding, I never learned how,
and applied to me for a job, which I was glad to give him. I cannot imagine any
greater contrast than between Mr. Goodfellow and every other man I met in the
Whitworth shops.
I had then on hand two orders for standard surface plates and straight edges, one
from the Colt Armory and one from Pratt & Whitney. Mr. Meyers had just finished
work on these when Mr. Goodfellow appeared. He had not been at work in the shop
but a day or two when he asked me if I had got the cross-wind out of those straight
edges.
I made him the ignorant answer that they were so narrow the matter of cross-wind
had not occurred to me as important, as our planer did very true work. He said
nothing, but pulled a hair out of his head and laid it across a straight edge at its
middle point. He then inverted another straight edge on it and swung this on the hair
as a pivot. It swung in one direction freely, but in the other direction the corners
caught and it was revealed that the surfaces were spirals. I gave him the job of
taking out this twist. He was occupied about two days in making the three
interchangeable straight edges quite true. When finished I tried them with great
satisfaction, the test showing also their absolute freedom from flexure. The first
swing on the hair pivot was in each direction as if the upper straight edge were
hanging in the air. As this was repeated back and forth, I felt the surfaces gradually
approaching each other, the same increasing resistance being felt in each direction
of the swing, and finally they were in complete contact. What became of the hair I
could not find out. This refinement of truth, so easily attained and demonstrated
when we know how, was of course a necessity. I made the engines at that time with
the steam-chest separate from the cylinder; so two long steam joints had to be made
between cylinder, chest, and cover.
I fitted up these standards, both surface plates and straight edges, with their edges
scraped also to true planes and all their angles absolute right angles. For this and
other purposes I made two angle plates, each face 8 inches square, with diagonal
ribs. These were scraped so that when the two were set on a surface plate, either
surface of one would come in complete contact with either surface of the other, and
also when one or the other was set on its edges. This angle plate also is shown.
For our screw-thread work I made a pair of steel 60-degree standards, the truth of
which was demonstrated as follows: The outside gauge being set up on a surface
plate, the inside triangular block set on the surface plate passed through the former
in exact contact, whichever angle was up and whichever side was presented. From
the cylindrical gauges of Smith & Coventry I made flat inside and outside gauges of
steel with faces hardened, reserving the former for reference only. I had wondered
why this was not done in England. Presume they have learned the importance of it
long ago.
We could not advertise—the fact is I was ashamed to; but we had as many orders
as we could take with our very limited means of production. Indeed, we had frequent
applications which called for engines too large for us to consider them. We had some
applications from parties who were short of power, and on measuring their engines
with the indicator always found that we could supply their requirements by putting in
smaller engines. In one case I remember we put in an engine of just one half the
size, and requiring but one quarter the weight of fly-wheel, of the one taken out, and
gave them all the additional power they wanted, and more uniform motion. This
would seem an extravagant statement were not its reasonableness proved by the
experience of makers of high-speed engines generally. Sometimes the indicator
showed ludicrous losses of pressure between boiler and engine.
On account of his familiarity with the requirements of more exact construction, I
made Mr. Goodfellow my foreman after he had been with me a short time, and he
proved to be the very man for the position. He made all my engines in Harlem and
afterwards in Newark, and I was largely indebted to him for my success.
Before the close of our first year Mr. Smith proposed that our business be
transferred to a company, to which he would pay in a little additional money, in
consideration of which, and of his previous advances to the business, he demanded
a controlling interest in the stock. I did not like the idea, but Mr. Hope and Mr. Allen
favored it, and I consented. So the company was incorporated. Mr. Smith was made
its president, and one of his sons was made secretary and treasurer. He transferred
to this son and also to another one qualifying shares of his stock, and both were
added to the board of directors, that making six of us. The admirable way in which
this machinery worked will appear by and by.
Mr. Smith proceeded at once to get out a catalogue and build on the vacant lot a
new business office, of quite respectable size and two stories high, finishing the
second story for Mr. Goodfellow with his family to live in. When this building was
ready Mr. Smith installed himself in the office and busied himself in meddling and
dictating about the business, impressing me with the great advantage of having a
thorough business man at the head of it. If I ventured any word on this subject, I
always received the sneering reply, “What do you know about business?” The
following incident in this connection may amuse the reader as much as it did me. I
may mention in the first place that when, as already stated, he with Mr. Hope
acquired the entire indicator patents, of which he assumed the individual
management and so I always supposed had secured the larger part, the first thing he
did was to repudiate my agreement with Mr. Richards to pay to him 10 per cent. of
the receipts from the patents, this being a verbal agreement (as all the transaction
was), and so Mr. Richards never received another penny.
One morning Mr. Smith came into my office and said, “Do you know that the
license to Elliott Brothers to manufacture the indicators has expired?” I had licensed
them only for seven years, not knowing whether or not they would prove satisfactory
licensees. “Well,” said I, “suppose it has?” “Would you let them go on without a
license?” he demanded; “that shows how much you know about business.” “If it were
my affair,” I replied, “I should not stir it up. I see every reason for letting it alone. It is
the business of the licensee, if he feels unsafe, to apply for the extension of his
license.” With a contemptuous sneer Mr. Smith left me and immediately wrote Elliott
Brothers, reminding them that their license had expired and requesting an answer by
return mail to say if they wanted to renew it.
He received the answer that I knew he would, for what good business man ever
lets such an opening go by him? They said they were just on the point of writing him
that they did not wish to renew unless on very different terms. By the contract they
made with me they paid a royalty of £2 on each indicator sold at retail, and £1 10
shillings on each one sold at wholesale. The selling price was £8 10 shillings. They
made a large profit on extra springs, of which they sold a great number at 10 shillings
each, and which cost them about 2 shillings. They wrote at length on the difficulty of
holding the market against the competition of cheap indicators selling at £4 (which
was just the competition against which the indicator was at first introduced but which
had long before ceased to be serious) and closed by saying that if Mr. Smith would
agree to accept one half the former royalty, they would themselves make a
corresponding reduction in their profits and would be able to put the indicators at a
price that would probably make the business satisfactory. Otherwise they would find
themselves compelled to discontinue the manufacture altogether, which they should
do unless they received an affirmative reply at once. Of course they got the
affirmative reply. Mr. Smith had no alternative. They never reduced the selling price
one penny. They had no competition during the life time of the patent, and their sales
were enormous. The amount of royalties lost during the remaining seven years of the
patent was certainly not less than $35,000.
The following is a story with a moral. The moral is, working to gauges is an
excellent plan, providing the gauges are mixed with brains. No manufacturing system
is perfect that is not fool-proof. If a mistake is possible it is generally made.
A company of English capitalists were spending a good deal of money on the west
coast of South America in building railroads into and over the Andes. One of these
roads was intended to reach a famous silver mine, from which the Spaniards, two or
three hundred years before, had taken large quantities of the precious metal, but
which had long ago been drowned out and abandoned. The railroad was to take up
pumping machinery by which the mine could be cleared of water and to bring down
the ore in car-load lots. For some purpose or other they wanted a stationary engine
in those high altitudes, and their agent in this country ordered one from me. I was
having my fly-wheels and belt drums cast by Mr. Ferguson, whose foundry was on
13th Street, west of Ninth Avenue, some seven miles distant from my shop in
Harlem. He had a wheel-lathe in which I could have them turned and bored, and they
were bored to gauges and shipped direct to their destinations. This time I had two
wheels to be finished, so I sent the gauges with a tag attached to each describing the
wheel it was for, but neglected to go and make a personal inspection of the work.
Some months after I received a bitter letter from South America, complaining that
they found the wheel had been bored half an inch smaller than the shaft, and that
they had to chip off a quarter of an inch all around the hole where the barometer
stood at 17 inches, and physical exertion was something to be avoided. The case
was somewhat relieved by the fact that I always cored out a larger chamber in the
middle of the hub for the purpose of getting rid of a mass of metal which would cause
the hub to cool too slowly, finishing only a length of two inches at each end of the
hub, which was 10 or 12 inches long. As the engine had been paid for on shipment
and ran well when put together, there was no great harm done, but I was sorry for
the poor fellows who had to do the work. Except the one already mentioned in my
first governor pulley, ten or twelve years before, this was the only misfit I can recall in
my whole experience.
Mr. Ferguson told me the best piece-work story I ever heard. He said he had a
contract for making a large number of the bases for the columns of the elevated
railroad; these castings were quite large and complicated. He gave the job to his best
molder, but the man could turn out only one a day. He thought it was slow work and
spoke to him about it, but he protested that was all he could make. Mr. Ferguson
found he could never complete his contract at that rate, and as he was paying the
man three dollars a day, he told him he would pay him three dollars for each perfect
casting and asked him to do his best and see how many he could turn out. The man
employed a boy to help him, and by systematizing his work he turned out six perfect
castings every day and drew his eighteen dollars with supreme indifference. This is a
big story to swallow, but the incident was then recent. I had the story from Mr.
Ferguson himself, and he was a sterling, reliable man, so that there could be no
doubt as to its absolute truth.
CHAPTER XVII
Mr. Allen’s Invention of his Boiler. Exhibition at the Fair of the American Institute in
1870.